Unit 5 单词系统讲解表 2025-2026学年外研版英语七年级上册

该初中英语Unit 5单词系统讲解表全面梳理了单元核心词汇，涵盖词义、常见搭配、考点提示及经典例句四大知识范畴，为学生搭建了从基础词义理解到考点应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“考点提示分层标注”和“语境例句关联”呈现知识体系，如leaf的复数leaves（不规则变化）、rise与raise的区别（不及物与及物）等考点标注，培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。特别设计“易混词区分”和“搭配应用示例”，如within的反义词without、send的双宾语结构，不同基础学生可高效掌握，教师可据此设计针对性教学，提升课堂实效。

外研版七上英语Unit 5单词系统讲解表 单词 常见搭配 考点提示 经典例句 within /w n/ (prep. 在(建筑或地区)里) within the room(在房间里)、within the city(在城市里)、within ten minutes(十分钟内) 反义词为without;后接名词或代词,表“在……范围内”;可与时间、地点搭配 The keys are within the drawer, you can find them.(钥匙在抽屉里,你能找到的。)/We need to finish the work within an hour.(我们需要在一小时内完成工作。) quarter / kw t / (n. 一刻钟,十五分钟) a quarter past seven(七点十五分)、a quarter to eight(七点四十五分)、three quarters(四分之三) 复数形式为quarters;表时间时,a quarter past/to + 数字是常用表达;表“四分之一”时,可与of连用 I will meet you at a quarter past three this afternoon.(我今天下午三点十五分和你见面。)/Three quarters of the students in our class like sports.(我们班四分之三的学生喜欢运动。) workshop / w k p/ (n. 车间,工场) a car workshop(汽车车间)、a painting workshop(绘画工作室)、in the workshop(在车间里) 复数形式为workshops;由work和shop构成的复合名词;可表示“车间”或“研讨会、工作室” My uncle works in a machine workshop.(我叔叔在一个机械车间工作。)/There will be a writing workshop in our school next week.(下周我们学校会有一场写作研讨会。) leaf /li f/ (n. 叶,叶子) green leaves(绿叶)、a maple leaf(枫叶)、falling leaves(落叶)、turn over a new leaf(改过自新) 复数形式为leaves,为不规则变化;常用搭配turn over a new leaf表“改过自新”;与foliage(树叶总称,不可数)区分 The leaves turn yellow in autumn.(秋天树叶变黄。)/She picked up a red maple leaf on the ground.(她在地上捡起一片红枫叶。) each /i t / (det. (两个或两个以上物或人中的)每个,各) each student(每个学生)、each other(互相)、each of us(我们每个人)、each time(每次) 作定语时,后接单数名词;each of后接复数名词/代词,谓语动词用单数;与every的区别:each强调个体,every强调全体 Each student has a new textbook.(每个学生都有一本新课本。)/Each of them has a different hobby.(他们每个人都有不同的爱好。)/We help each other in study.(我们在学习上互相帮助。) collect /k lekt/ (v. 收集,采集;使集中) collect stamps(集邮)、collect data(收集数据)、collect leaves(采集树叶)、collect one's thoughts(整理思绪) 过去式和过去分词为collected、collected;后接名词、代词作宾语;名词形式为collection,意为“收藏;收集物” He likes to collect old coins in his free time.(他闲暇时喜欢收集旧硬币。)/The scientist collected samples from the forest.(这位科学家从森林里采集了样本。)/Her stamp collection is very valuable.(她的邮票收藏很有价值。)(collection用法) root /ru t/ (n. 根) tree roots(树根)、root system(根系)、take root(生根;扎根)、at the root of(在……的根源) 复数形式为roots;常用搭配take root表“生根”;可用于比喻义“根源” The tree has deep roots in the soil.(这棵树在土壤里有很深的根。)/The idea took root in his mind.(这个想法在他脑海里扎了根。)/Poverty is at the root of the problem.(贫穷是这个问题的根源。) send /send/ (v. 送出,发出) send a letter(寄信)、send an email(发邮件)、send sb. to school(送某人上学)、send for a doctor(派人去请医生) 过去式和过去分词为sent、sent,为不规则变化;常用搭配send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.(给某人寄/送某物) My mother sent me a birthday gift from Beijing.(妈妈从北京给我寄了一份生日礼物。)/He sent an email to his teacher to ask for leave.(他给老师发邮件请假。) rise /ra z/ (v. 升高,上升) the sun rises(太阳升起)、rise up(起义;升起)、rise in price(价格上涨)、rise to one's feet(站起来) 过去式为rose,过去分词为risen,为不规则变化;不及物动词,后不接宾语;与raise的区别:rise是不及物动词,raise是及物动词 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(太阳东升西落。)/The water level in the river rose after the rain.(雨后河水的水位上涨了。)/He raised his hand to answer the question.(他举手回答问题。)(raise用法) stem /stem/ (n. (植物的)茎,梗,柄) flower stem(花茎)、apple stem(苹果柄)、the stem of a tree(树干) 复数形式为stems;可指植物的茎、梗,也可指果实的柄 She held the flower by its stem carefully.(她小心地捏着花茎。)/The stem of this plant is very thick.(这株植物的茎很粗。) mix /m ks/ (v. (使)混合) mix flour and water(把面粉和水混合)、mix up(混淆;弄乱)、mix with sb.(和某人交往)、mix colours(调色) 过去式和过去分词为mixed、mixed;常用搭配mix up表“混淆”,mix A with B(把A和B混合) Please mix the sugar and milk in the coffee.(请把糖和牛奶混进咖啡里。)/I mixed up the two students' names by mistake.(我不小心把两个学生的名字弄混了。) produce /pr dju s/ (v. (自然地)生产,产生,出产) produce food(生产食物)、produce electricity(发电)、trees produce fruit(树结果实)、produce waste(产生垃圾) 过去式和过去分词为produced、produced;名词形式为product(产品)、production(生产);重音不同:动词/pr dju s/,名词/ pr d kt/ The farm produces a lot of vegetables every year.(这个农场每年出产很多蔬菜。)/This factory produces cars for the whole country.(这家工厂为全国生产汽车。)/This is a new product of the company.(这是这家公司的新产品。)(product用法) sugar / / (n. 糖) a spoon of sugar(一勺糖)、white sugar(白糖)、brown sugar(红糖)、add sugar(加糖) 不可数名词,表“一块糖”用a piece of sugar;常用搭配add sugar to sth.(往某物里加糖) Would you like to add some sugar to your tea?(你想往茶里加些糖吗?)/Too much sugar is bad for your teeth.(吃太多糖对你的牙齿不好。) product / pr d kt/ (n. (自然过程或化学反应的)生成物) farm products(农产品)、plastic products(塑料制品)、a new product(新产品)、by-product(副产品) 复数形式为products;是produce的名词形式,侧重“产品、制品”;与production(生产;产量)区分 China exports a lot of farm products to other countries.(中国向其他国家出口很多农产品。)/This company sells electronic products all over the world.(这家公司在全球销售电子产品。) oxygen / ks d n/ (n. 氧) oxygen gas(氧气)、lack of oxygen(缺氧)、produce oxygen(产生氧气)、oxygen mask(氧气面罩) 不可数名词;是植物光合作用的产物,动物生存离不开氧气;常用搭配oxygen mask表“氧气面罩” Plants produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide.(植物产生氧气,吸收二氧化碳。)/The patient needs an oxygen mask to breathe properly.(这位病人需要氧气面罩才能正常呼吸。) human / hju m n/ (n. 人类;人;adj. 人的;人类的) human beings(人类)、human life(人类生活)、human nature(人性)、human rights(人权) 作名词时,复数形式为humans;human beings是“人类”的常用表达;作形容词时,修饰名词 Humans should protect the environment for our future.(人类应该为未来保护环境。)/It's human nature to seek happiness.(追求幸福是人的本性。) though / / (adv. 可是,不过,然而;conj. 虽然,尽管) though I'm tired(尽管我很累)、even though(即使)、as though(好像)、it's hard work, though(不过这是份苦差事) 作连词时,引导让步状语从句,可与although互换;作副词时,置于句末,表转折;不能与but连用 Though it rained heavily, we still went to the park.(尽管雨下得很大,我们还是去了公园。)/He is very young, he is very experienced though.(他很年轻,不过经验很丰富。) breathe /bri / (v. 呼吸) breathe in(吸气)、breathe out(呼气)、breathe fresh air(呼吸新鲜空气)、hard to breathe(呼吸困难) 过去式和过去分词为breathed、breathed;名词形式为breath,意为“呼吸;气息”;常用搭配take a breath(吸一口气) We should breathe fresh air every morning.(我们应该每天早上呼吸新鲜空气。)/She breathed in deeply before speaking.(她说话前深吸了一口气。)/Take a deep breath and relax.(深呼吸,放松。)(breath用法) soon /su n/ (adv. 不久,即刻,很快) see you soon(回头见)、as soon as possible(尽快)、soon after(不久之后)、very soon(很快) 常用搭配as soon as possible(尽快),as soon as(一……就……);比较级为sooner,最高级为soonest I will be back home soon.(我很快就回家。)/Please finish your homework as soon as possible.(请尽快完成你的作业。) dark /d k/ (adj. 昏暗的;黑暗的;n. 黑暗;傍晚) dark night(黑夜)、dark room(昏暗的房间)、in the dark(在黑暗中)、dark blue(深蓝色) 副词形式为darkly;名词形式为darkness,意为“黑暗”;比较级和最高级为darker、darkest It's too dark to read in the room, turn on the light.(房间里太暗了,没法看书,把灯打开。)/We walked home in the dark after the party.(派对结束后,我们摸黑走回了家。) rest /rest/ (n. 休息(时间);v. 休息;放松) have a rest(休息一下)、take a rest(休息)、rest for a while(休息一会儿)、rest on the chair(坐在椅子上休息) 作名词时,为不可数或可数名词;作动词时,过去式和过去分词为rested、rested;常用搭配have a rest表“休息” You look tired, you should have a good rest.(你看起来很累,应该好好休息一下。)/We rested for an hour before continuing the trip.(我们休息了一小时,然后继续旅行。) natural / n t r l/ (adj. 自然的;天然的) natural scenery(自然风光)、natural food(天然食物)、natural resources(自然资源)、natural ability(天赋) 副词形式为naturally;名词形式为nature,意为“自然;大自然”;反义词为artificial(人造的) We should protect natural resources for our children.(我们应该为孩子们保护自然资源。)/This is a natural lake, not a man-made one.(这是一个天然湖泊,不是人工湖。) seed /si d/ (n. 种子,籽) plant seeds(播种)、flower seeds(花籽)、sunflower seeds(葵花籽)、seedling(幼苗) 复数形式为seeds;常用搭配plant seeds表“播种”;seedling是由seed加后缀-ling构成的名词,表“幼苗” She planted tomato seeds in the garden spring.(春天她在花园里种了西红柿籽。)/Sunflower seeds are a popular snack in China.(葵花籽是中国很受欢迎的零食。) grow / r / (v. 生长;种植;变得) grow up(长大)、grow vegetables(种蔬菜)、grow tall(长高)、grow old(变老) 过去式为grew,过去分词为grown,为不规则变化;可表示“生长”“种植”“变得”等含义;常用搭配grow up表“长大” Children grow very fast in their early years.(孩子们在幼年时期长得很快。)/My grandfather grows rice in the countryside.(我爷爷在乡下种水稻。)/I want to be a doctor when I grow up.(我长大后想当一名医生。) part /p t/ (n. 部分;角色;v. 分开) part of...(……的一部分)、play a part in(在……中起作用)、take part in(参加)、part with(舍弃) 复数形式为parts;作动词时,过去式和过去分词为parted、parted;常用搭配take part in表“参加” This is an important part of the plan.(这是计划的重要一部分。)/Everyone should take part in protecting the environment.(每个人都应该参与保护环境。) rainforest / re nf r st/ (n. (热带)雨林) tropical rainforest(热带雨林)、rainforest animals(雨林动物)、protect the rainforest(保护雨林) 复数形式为rainforests;由rain和forest构成的复合名词;热带雨林是地球上重要的生态系统 Many rare animals live in the Amazon rainforest.(许多珍稀动物生活在亚马逊雨林里。)/We must do our best to protect the rainforest from destruction.(我们必须尽全力保护雨林免遭破坏。) culture / k lt / (n. 文化;文明) Chinese culture(中国文化)、traditional culture(传统文化)、western culture(西方文化)、culture shock(文化冲击) 复数形式为cultures;形容词形式为cultural,意为“文化的”;常用搭配cultural relics(文物) It's important to learn about different cultures around the world.(了解世界各地的不同文化很重要。)/We should pass on our traditional culture to the next generation.(我们应该把传统文化传承给下一代。) corn silk (n. 玉米须) dry corn silk(干玉米须)、corn silk tea(玉米须茶)、collect corn silk(收集玉米须) 不可数名词;是玉米的一部分,可用于制作茶饮;corn为不可数名词,表“玉米” Corn silk can be made into tea with health benefits.(玉米须可以制成有保健功效的茶。)/She collected corn silk from the corn cobs in the field.(她从田里的玉米棒上收集了玉米须。) health /hel / (n. 健康(状况)) good health(身体健康)、bad health(身体不好)、health care(医疗保健)、public health(公共卫生) 形容词形式为healthy,意为“健康的”;副词形式为healthily,意为“健康地”;常用搭配keep healthy(保持健康) Good eating habits are good for your health.(良好的饮食习惯对你的健康有益。)/He is in good health although he is over 80.(尽管他80多岁了,身体依然很健康。) rose /r z/ (n. 玫瑰;蔷薇) red rose(红玫瑰)、rose garden(玫瑰园)、rose petal(玫瑰花瓣)、send roses(送玫瑰) 复数形式为roses;是常见的观赏花卉,红玫瑰常象征爱情;与rise(上升)区分,二者同音不同义 He gave his girlfriend a bunch of red roses on Valentine's Day.(情人节他给女朋友送了一束红玫瑰。)/There is a beautiful rose garden in the park.(公园里有一个漂亮的玫瑰园。) cotton / k tn/ (n. 棉花;adj. 棉制的) raw cotton(原棉)、cotton clothes(棉质衣服)、cotton field(棉田)、cotton thread(棉线) 不可数名词;作形容词时,修饰名词,表“棉制的”;常用搭配cotton clothes表“棉质衣服” This shirt is made of cotton, so it's very comfortable.(这件衬衫是棉质的,所以很舒服。)/Farmers in Xinjiang grow a lot of cotton every year.(新疆的农民每年种很多棉花。) bamboo / b m bu / (n. 竹,竹子) bamboo forest(竹林)、bamboo shoot(竹笋)、bamboo chair(竹椅)、bamboo leaves(竹叶) 复数形式为bamboos(表种类)或bamboo(泛指);是中国常见的植物,可用于制作家具、餐具等 Pandas like to eat bamboo leaves and shoots.(熊猫喜欢吃竹叶和竹笋。)/There is a thick bamboo forest at the foot of the mountain.(山脚下有一片茂密的竹林。) popular / p pj l / (adj. 受大众喜爱的,受欢迎的) be popular with sb.(受某人欢迎)、popular music(流行音乐)、popular food(受欢迎的食物)、a popular star(当红明星) 副词形式为popularly;比较级和最高级为more popular、most popular;固定搭配be popular with sb.表“受某人欢迎” Pop music is very popular with young people.(流行音乐很受年轻人欢迎。)/This restaurant is popular for its delicious noodles.(这家餐厅因美味的面条而受欢迎。) key /ki / (adj. 至关重要的;必不可少的;n. 钥匙;关键) key point(关键点)、key factor(关键因素)、key to the door(房门钥匙)、the key to success(成功的关键) 作形容词时,常用搭配key to sth.(……的关键);作名词时,复数形式为keys;形容词形式为key,无副词形式 Hard work is the key to success.(努力是成功的关键。)/This is a key moment in our project, we must be careful.(这是我们项目的关键时刻,必须小心。) news /nju z/ (n. 消息) good news(好消息)、bad news(坏消息)、latest news(最新消息)、watch the news(看新闻) 不可数名词,表“一条消息”用a piece of news;虽以-s结尾,但为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数 I have a piece of good news for you, you passed the exam.(我有个好消息要告诉你,你通过考试了。)/We watch the evening news on TV every day.(我们每天晚上看电视新闻。) prefer /pr f / (v. 更喜欢) prefer coffee to tea(比起茶更喜欢咖啡)、prefer to do sth.(更喜欢做某事)、prefer doing sth.(更喜欢做某事)、prefer sb. to do sth.(宁愿某人做某事) 过去式和过去分词为preferred、preferred(注意双写r);常用搭配prefer A to B(比起B更喜欢A),prefer to do rather than do(宁愿做……而不愿做……) I prefer reading books to watching TV in my free time.(闲暇时,我更喜欢看书而不是看电视。)/She prefers to stay at home on weekends.(她周末更喜欢待在家里。) coffee / k fi/ (n. 咖啡) a cup of coffee(一杯咖啡)、black coffee(黑咖啡)、coffee shop(咖啡店)、drink coffee(喝咖啡) 不可数名词,表“一杯咖啡”用a cup of coffee;常用搭配coffee shop表“咖啡店”,black coffee表“黑咖啡” Would you like a cup of coffee or tea?(你想要一杯咖啡还是茶?)/I usually drink a cup of coffee in the morning to wake up.(我早上通常喝一杯咖啡提神。) secret / si kr t/ (n. 秘密;adj. 秘密的) keep a secret(保守秘密)、a big secret(大秘密)、secret meeting(秘密会议)、secret code(密码) 复数形式为secrets;作形容词时,修饰名词;常用搭配keep a secret表“保守秘密” She told me a secret and asked me to keep it.(她告诉了我一个秘密,让我保密。)/They had a secret meeting in the park yesterday.(他们昨天在公园里开了一场秘密会议。) husband / h zb nd/ (n. 丈夫) her husband(她的丈夫)、husband and wife(夫妻)、ex-husband(前夫)、good husband(好丈夫) 复数形式为husbands;对应词为wife(妻子);husband and wife作主语时,谓语动词用复数 Her husband is a doctor working in a big hospital.(她的丈夫是一家大医院的医生。)/Husband and wife should support each other.(夫妻之间应该互相支持。) adult / d lt/ (n. 成人,成年人;adj. 成年的;成人的) adult education(成人教育)、adult movie(成人电影)、young adult(年轻人)、become an adult(成年) 复数形式为adults;作形容词时,修饰名词;与child(孩子)、teenager(青少年)区分 Adults should take responsibility for their actions.(成年人应该为自己的行为负责。)/This park is suitable for both children and adults.(这个公园适合儿童和成人游玩。) weekend / wi k end/ (n. 周末) on the weekend(在周末)、at the weekend(在周末)、weekend trip(周末旅行)、happy weekend(愉快的周末) 复数形式为weekends;英式英语常用at the weekend,美式英语常用on the weekend;可与介词on/at搭配 I usually go to the library on the weekend.(我通常周末去图书馆。)/We are planning a weekend trip to the mountains.(我们计划去山里进行一次周末旅行。) chat /t t/ (v. 闲聊,闲谈,聊天;n. 聊天) chat with sb.(和某人聊天)、chat online(网上聊天)、have a chat(聊聊天)、chat about sth.(聊某事) 过去式和过去分词为chatted、chatted(注意双写t);作名词时,为可数名词;常用搭配chat with sb.表“和某人聊天” She likes to chat with her friends on the phone every night.(她喜欢每晚和朋友们打电话聊天。)/We had a nice chat about our school life after class.(课后我们愉快地聊了聊校园生活。) relax /r l ks/ (v. 放松,休息) relax oneself(放松自己)、relax after work(下班后放松)、listen to music to relax(听音乐放松)、relax muscles(放松肌肉) 过去式和过去分词为relaxed、relaxed;形容词形式为relaxed(感到放松的)、relaxing(令人放松的);常用搭配relax oneself表“放松自己” I like to relax by reading books after a long day.(漫长的一天过后,我喜欢通过看书放松。)/This music is very relaxing, it makes me feel calm.(这首音乐很舒缓,让我感到平静。)(relaxing用法) yard /j d/ (n. 庭院) front yard(前院)、back yard(后院)、yard sale(庭院拍卖会)、in the yard(在院子里) 复数形式为yards;美式英语中yard表“庭院”,英式英语中常用garden;yard sale是美式表达,表“庭院拍卖会” There is a big tree in the yard of my house.(我家院子里有一棵大树。)/They had a yard sale to sell their old things last weekend.(上周末他们举办了庭院拍卖会,卖掉了旧东西。) biscuit / b sk t/ (n. 饼干) chocolate biscuit(巧克力饼干)、cream biscuit(奶油饼干)、a packet of biscuits(一包饼干)、eat biscuits(吃饼干) 复数形式为biscuits;英式英语中biscuit表“饼干”,美式英语中常用cookie;常用搭配a packet of biscuits表“一包饼干” My little sister likes to eat milk biscuits for breakfast.(我妹妹早餐喜欢吃牛奶饼干。)/Could you pass me a packet of biscuits, please?(请递给我一包饼干好吗?) connect /k nekt/ (v. 沟通;连接) connect A to B(把A和B连接起来)、connect with sb.(与某人沟通)、connect the computer to the Internet(把电脑连上网)、connect by phone(通过电话沟通) 过去式和过去分词为connected、connected;名词形式为connection,意为“连接;联系”;常用搭配connect with sb.表“与某人沟通” The bridge connects the two sides of the river.(这座桥连接了河的两岸。)/It's important to connect with your family regularly.(定期和家人沟通很重要。) ( 1 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $