Unit 1 单词系统讲解表2025-2026学年外研版英语七年级上册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了外研版七上英语Unit 1核心词汇，涵盖28个单词及短语，通过“单词-搭配-考点-例句”四维模块，搭建从基础词汇记忆到语境应用的递进式学习支架。 清单以分类呈现知识体系，考点提示标注反义词、搭配规则等关键信息，如“without后接动名词”“mind后接动名词”等语法要点，经典例句提供真实语境应用，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设计“常见搭配+考点提示”实用模块，如“make a mistake”固定搭配及单复数提示，帮助不同基础学生高效掌握，教师可据此设计针对性教学活动，提升课堂实效。

外研版七上英语Unit 1 单词系统讲解表 单词 常见搭配 考点提示 经典例句 without /wɪˈðaʊt/ (prep. 缺乏，没有) without sth.（没有某物）、without doing sth.（没有做某事）、go out without a coat（没穿外套出门） 1. 反义词为with；2. 后接名词、代词或动名词，不接动词原形；3. 可用于否定意义的双重否定结构，如not...without...（没有……就不……） We can't live without water./He went to school without having breakfast. sentence /ˈsentəns/ (n. 句子) make a sentence（造句）、a simple sentence（简单句）、in a sentence（在一个句子中）、sentence structure（句子结构） 1. 复数形式为sentences；2. 常见的句子类型：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句；3. “造句”的固定表达为make a sentence (with sth.) Please make a sentence with the word "happy"./This sentence is too long for me to understand. point out (短语 v. 指出，指明) point out sth.（指出某物）、point out that...（指出……）、point out a mistake（指出一个错误） 1. 动副短语，后接名词作宾语时，名词可放在out前后；接代词作宾语时，代词必须放在point和out之间；2. 同义短语：point to（指向，侧重方向）、point at（指着，侧重具体对象） She pointed out my spelling mistake./He pointed out that the plan was not practical./Point it out if you find anything wrong. mistake /məˈsteɪk/ (n. 错误；v. 弄错) make a mistake（犯错误）、make mistakes（犯多个错误）、by mistake（错误地）、mistake A for B（把A错当成B） 1. 名词复数形式为mistakes；2. 动词词性的过去式和过去分词为mistook、mistaken；3. “犯错误”的固定搭配需注意单复数形式 I made a mistake in the math exam./She often mistakes me for my sister./He took my bag by mistake. polite /pəˈlaɪt/ (adj. 有礼貌的，客气的) be polite to sb.（对某人有礼貌）、a polite request（有礼貌的请求）、speak politely（礼貌地说话，副词形式） 1. 反义词为impolite/rude；2. 副词形式为politely；3. 比较级和最高级为more polite、most polite（也可写作politer、politest） It's polite to say "thank you" when someone helps you./She is always polite to her teachers./He spoke to the old man politely. mind /maɪnd/ (n. 头脑；思想，思维；v. 介意，在乎) change one's mind（改变主意）、keep...in mind（记住……）、make up one's mind（下定决心）、mind doing sth.（介意做某事）、never mind（没关系） 1. 作动词时，后接动名词作宾语，不接动词不定式；2. 常用于疑问句、否定句中表“介意”，肯定句中多表“在乎”；3. 作名词时，常用搭配需熟记 Do you mind opening the window?/He changed his mind at the last minute./Keep these rules in mind when you travel. hers /hɜːz/ (pron. 她的) a book of hers（她的一本书）、This pen is hers.（这支笔是她的） 1. 名词性物主代词，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，即hers = her + 名词；2. 不能与名词连用，可单独作主语、宾语或表语；3. 对应的形容词性物主代词为her This bag is not mine, it's hers./Hers is the red one on the desk./I borrowed a pen from her, and hers is better than mine. dry /draɪ/ (adj. 干的，干燥的；v. 使干燥，变干) dry clothes（干衣服）、a dry climate（干燥的气候）、dry one's hands（擦干手）、dry up（干涸，干透） 1. 形容词的比较级和最高级为drier、driest；2. 动词的过去式和过去分词为dried、dried；3. 反义词为wet（湿的） The clothes are dry now, you can put them away./The river dried up in the hot summer./She dried her hair with a towel. meaning /ˈmiːnɪŋ/ (n. 意义，意思，含义) the meaning of...（……的意思）、a word with many meanings（多义词）、find the meaning（找到含义）、have a meaning（有意义） 1. 复数形式为meanings；2. 动词形式为mean，意为“意思是；打算”；3. 常见搭配the meaning of life（生命的意义） Can you tell me the meaning of this word?/This sentence has two different meanings./What do you mean by saying that?（动词用法） fact /fækt/ (n. 事实；真相) in fact（事实上）、the fact is that...（事实是……）、face the fact（面对事实）、tell the fact（说实话） 1. 复数形式为facts；2. in fact可置于句首、句中或句末，作插入语；3. 后可接that引导的同位语从句 In fact, he doesn't like playing football./The fact that he lied surprised us./We have to face the fact that we failed the exam. need /niːd/ (v. 需要；n. 需要，必要) need sth.（需要某物）、need to do sth.（需要做某事）、need doing sth.（某物需要被做，相当于need to be done）、there is a need for sth.（需要某物） 1. 作实义动词时，有人称和数的变化，后接名词、动词不定式或动名词；2. 作情态动词时，多用于否定句和疑问句，后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化；3. 名词用法的固定搭配需掌握 I need a new pen./You need to finish your homework first./The flowers need watering. (= The flowers need to be watered.)/Need I go there at once?（情态动词） remember /rɪˈmembə/ (v. 记住，记得) remember sth.（记住某事）、remember to do sth.（记得去做某事，未做）、remember doing sth.（记得做过某事，已做）、remember sb.（记得某人） 1. 反义词为forget；2. 后接动词不定式和动名词时含义不同，是重要考点；3. 过去式和过去分词为remembered、remembered Remember to turn off the light when you leave./I remember meeting her at the party last week./Do you remember his name? really /ˈriːəli/ (adv. 确实地，的确；真正地) really good（真的很好）、really like（确实喜欢）、not really（不完全是，不见得） 1. 修饰形容词、副词或动词，置于被修饰词前；2. 是real的副词形式；3. 口语中常用not really表委婉否定 He is really good at playing basketball./Do you really want to go?/—Do you like coffee? —Not really. important /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ (adj. 重要的，重大的) be important to sb.（对某人来说重要）、be important for sb. to do sth.（对某人来说做某事很重要）、an important meeting（重要的会议）、important information（重要信息） 1. 反义词为unimportant；2. 副词形式为importantly；3. 常用句型It's important (for sb.) to do sth.（做某事对某人来说很重要） It's important for us to learn English well./This is an important decision for her./Importantly, we must finish the work on time.（副词用法） plan /plæn/ (v. 计划，打算；n. 计划，方案) plan to do sth.（计划做某事）、make a plan（制定计划）、a plan for sth.（某事的计划）、plan a trip（计划一次旅行） 1. 动词的过去式和过去分词为planned、planned（注意双写n）；2. 名词复数形式为plans；3. “计划做某事”只能用plan to do sth.，不能用plan doing sth. I plan to visit my grandparents this weekend./We made a plan for the summer holiday./Her plan is to study abroad next year. problem /ˈprɒbləm/ (n. 问题，难题；困难) solve a problem（解决问题）、have a problem (with sth.)（在某事上有困难）、a math problem（数学题）、no problem（没问题） 1. 复数形式为problems；2. 与question的区别：problem多指需要解决的“难题、麻烦”，question多指需要回答的“问题”；3. no problem常用于口语表回应请求 Can you help me solve this problem?/I have a problem with my computer./—Can you pass me the book? —No problem. homework /ˈhəʊmwɜːk/ (n. 家庭作业，功课) do homework（做作业）、finish homework（完成作业）、a lot of homework（很多作业）、English homework（英语作业） 1. 不可数名词，不能用a/an修饰，也没有复数形式；2. “做家庭作业”的固定搭配为do homework，不能用make homework；3. 可与介词on搭配，如homework on math（数学作业） I have to do my homework before watching TV./She finished her homework quickly./The teacher gave us a lot of homework on weekends. task /tɑːsk/ (n. 工作，任务) finish a task（完成任务）、a difficult task（困难的任务）、assign a task（分配任务）、team task（团队任务） 1. 复数形式为tasks；2. 与job的区别：task多指具体的、短期的“任务”，job多指长期的、有报酬的“工作”；3. 常用搭配需熟记 Each student has a different task to do./It's a hard task, but we can finish it together./The manager assigned a new task to me. project /ˈprɒdʒekt/ (n. （学校的）课题，研究项目；项目，工程) a school project（学校课题）、a science project（科学研究项目）、finish a project（完成项目）、work on a project（从事一个项目） 1. 复数形式为projects；2. 作名词时，重音在第一个音节；作动词（投射；放映）时，重音在第二个音节（/prəˈdʒekt/）；3. 学校场景中多表示“课题、研究项目” We are doing a project about animals this term./The building project will be finished next year./She projected the photos onto the screen.（动词用法） advice /ədˈvaɪs/ (n. 意见，建议；忠告，劝告) give advice（提建议）、take one's advice（采纳某人的建议）、a piece of advice（一条建议）、some advice（一些建议） 1. 不可数名词，表达“一条建议”用a piece of advice，“多条建议”用pieces of advice；2. 动词形式为advise，常用搭配advise sb. to do sth.（建议某人做某事）；3. 常用搭配需注意单复数表达 My teacher gave me a piece of good advice./You should take his advice and study hard./She advised me to see a doctor.（动词用法） journey /ˈdʒɜːni/ (n. 旅行，旅程；历程，过程) a long journey（长途旅行）、a train journey（火车旅行）、on the journey（在旅途中）、the journey of life（人生历程） 1. 复数形式为journeys；2. 与travel/trip的区别：journey多指长途的、陆路的“旅行”，trip多指短途的、目的为休闲的“旅行”，travel为不可数名词，表“旅行”这一行为；3. 常用搭配需熟记 We had a pleasant journey to Beijing./The journey took us three hours./She wrote a book about her travels in Africa.（travel用法） something /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ (pron. 某物；某事；某些东西) something important（重要的东西，形容词后置）、something to eat（吃的东西）、say something（说点什么）、find something（找到某物） 1. 不定代词，用于肯定句中，否定句和疑问句中常用anything；2. 形容词修饰不定代词时，需后置；3. 可与动词不定式连用，作后置定语 There is something wrong with my phone./I want to eat something sweet./Did you find anything interesting?（anything用法） thought /θɔːt/ (n. 意见，主意，观点；想法；思想；v. think的过去式/过去分词) have a thought（有一个想法）、change one's thought（改变想法）、in thought（在思考中）、thoughts about...（关于……的观点） 1. 作名词时，复数形式为thoughts；2. 是think的过去式和过去分词，think的常用搭配为think about（思考）、think of（想到）、think over（仔细考虑）；3. 作名词时的固定搭配需掌握 I had a sudden thought about the problem./She thought of a good idea yesterday.（动词过去式）/He has deep thoughts about life.（名词复数） life /laɪf/ (n. 生活；生命；人生) daily life（日常生活）、a happy life（幸福的生活）、save one's life（拯救某人的生命）、all one's life（一生） 1. 复数形式为lives（/laɪvz/）；2. 作“生活”讲时，可作可数或不可数名词；作“生命”讲时，为可数名词；3. 常用搭配需熟记 We should enjoy our life./There are many lives in the forest./He has lived in this city all his life. primary school (短语 n. 小学) go to primary school（上小学）、a primary school student（小学生）、at primary school（在小学） 1. 对应词汇：junior high school（初中）、senior high school（高中）；2. primary为形容词，意为“主要的；初级的”；3. 是固定短语，无需加冠词a/an（除非特指） He studied at this primary school for six years./My little sister is in primary school now./Primary education is very important for children. pool /puːl/ (n. 水塘，水洼；游泳池) a swimming pool（游泳池）、a small pool（小水塘）、in the pool（在水塘/游泳池里） 1. 复数形式为pools；2. “游泳池”的完整表达为swimming pool，口语中可直接说pool；3. 与pond的区别：pool多指小而浅的“水塘、水洼”，pond多指自然形成的“池塘” There is a pool in the park after the rain./We often swim in the swimming pool in summer./There are many fish in the pond.（pond用法） protect /prəˈtekt/ (v. 保护；防护) protect sb./sth. from sth.（保护某人/某物免受某物的伤害）、protect the environment（保护环境）、protect oneself（保护自己） 1. 过去式和过去分词为protected、protected；2. 固定搭配protect...from...中的from不能用against替换（在部分语境中against也可表“防御”，但from更常用）；3. 名词形式为protection，意为“保护” We should protect the animals from danger./It's our duty to protect the environment./Wearing sunscreen can give protection from the sun.（名词用法） wind /wɪnd/ (n. 风；v. 缠绕，卷绕) a strong wind（大风）、the wind blows（风吹）、wind up（上发条；结束）、wind around（缠绕） 1. 作名词时，不可数，表达“一阵风”用a gust of wind；2. 作动词时，过去式和过去分词为wound、wound（/waʊnd/）；3. 形容词形式为windy，意为“有风的” The wind is blowing hard today./She wound the string around the box.（动词用法）/Tomorrow will be windy and cold.（形容词用法） wide /waɪd/ (adj. 宽的，宽阔的；adv. 充分地，广泛地) a wide road（宽阔的马路）、wide eyes（睁大的眼睛）、open wide（张得很大）、know wide and far（广为人知） 1. 形容词的比较级和最高级为wider、widest；2. 副词形式除了wide，还有widely，wide表“具体的宽”，widely表“抽象的广泛地”；3. 反义词为narrow（窄的） The river is about 100 meters wide./She opened her eyes wide in surprise./English is widely used in the world.（widely用法） sail /seɪl/ (v. 驾驶（船只）；航行；起航；n. 帆；航行) sail a boat（驾船）、sail across the sea（横渡大海）、set sail（起航）、a white sail（白帆） 1. 动词的过去式和过去分词为sailed、sailed；2. 名词复数形式为sails；3. 名词形式sailing，意为“帆船运动” They sailed to America last year./The ship set sail early in the morning./He likes sailing on the lake.（sailing用法） through /θruː/ (prep. 从一端至另一端，穿过，通过；adv. 穿过，通过；自始至终) go through the forest（穿过森林）、look through the window（透过窗户看）、get through the exam（通过考试）、walk through（走过） 1. 作介词时，表“穿过”指从物体内部穿过，与across（从物体表面穿过）区分；2. 常用搭配look through（浏览）、go through（经历；检查）；3. 作副词时，可表“完成、通过” The light comes through the window./She walked across the street.（across用法）/I looked through the newspaper quickly. storm /stɔːm/ (n. 暴风雨（雪）；v. 猛攻，突袭) a rainstorm（暴雨）、a snowstorm（暴风雪）、in the storm（在暴风雨中）、storm into the room（怒气冲冲地走进房间） 1. 复数形式为storms；2. 形容词形式为stormy，意为“有暴风雨的；暴躁的”；3. 作动词时，多表“怒气冲冲地走；猛攻” A big storm hit the city last night./The weather will be stormy tomorrow.（形容词用法）/He stormed out of the room after arguing with his parents.（动词用法） towards /təˈwɔːdz/ (prep. 向着，朝着（某个方向）；接近；对于) walk towards the door（朝门走去）、towards evening（临近傍晚）、attitude towards sb.（对某人的态度） 1. 也可写作toward，用法相同；2. 后接名词、代词或动名词，不接动词不定式；3. 表“方向”时，与to的区别：towards仅表“朝向”，不表“到达”，to表“朝向并到达” She ran towards her mother when she saw her./We are getting towards the end of the term./What's your attitude towards this plan? hope /həʊp/ (v. 希望，期望，指望；n. 希望，期望) hope to do sth.（希望做某事）、hope that...（希望……）、in hope of（怀着……的希望）、lose hope（失去希望） 1. 作动词时，后接动词不定式或that从句，不接“sb. to do sth.”结构；2. 名词形式为hope，不可数，也可作可数名词（a hope）；3. 过去式和过去分词为hoped、hoped I hope to visit Paris one day./She hopes that her son will be happy./We are in hope of finding a good job. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $