易错11 情态动词和虚拟语气（6大易错点+易错闯关训练）（易错专练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

易错11 情态动词和虚拟语气（6大易错点+易错闯关训练） 目 录 第一部分 易错点剖析 1 易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三 易错01 “情态动词+被动语态”用法 1 易错02 if虚拟条件句及省略用法 3 易错03 谓语用“(should)+动词原形”场合 5 易错04 特殊句型中虚拟语气用法 7 易错05 情态动词特殊用法 8 易错06 “情态动词+have done”用法 10 第二部分 易错点闯关 11 闯关01 单句填空 11 闯关02 语篇填空（迪士尼动画电影《疯狂动物城2》爆火） 15 易错01 “情态动词+被动语态”用法 易错典题 【例1】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2024浙江1月卷) However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes __________ (offer) in smaller packs. 【答案】be offered 【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 【错因分析】错误答案1：offered（只考虑被动忽略了情态动词后接动词原形要求）；错误答案2：be offering（没有抓住“be+过去分词”核心要点） 避错攻略 【方法总结】 紧紧抓住“情态动词+be +过去分词”，这里情态动词包括can/could, may/might, will/would, should/ought to, must等。有时为了增加难度或迷惑性，可能在情态动词后边插入副词起干扰作用。 【干货必记】“情态动词+be +过去分词”用法梳理 情态动词 被动语态示例 must The homework must be handed in before tomorrow morning. 作业必须在明天早上之前上交。 can/could The task can be finished in two hours. 这项任务可以在两小时内完成。 may/might Some changes might be made to the plan later. 之后这个计划可能会做一些修改。 should/ough to More attention ought to be paid to environmental protection. 应该更加重视环境保护。 need The machine needn’t be repaired right now.这台机器现在不需要修理。 举一反三 1.（2024全国甲卷）What should (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 【答案】be done 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 2.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still _________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【答案】be employed 【解析】考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 3.（2022浙江卷）To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting _________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind? 【答案】be appreciated 【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系，且置于情态动词can 之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。故填be appreciated。 4.（2020全国III卷）The artist was sure he would _________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. 【答案】be chosen 【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。 易错02 if虚拟条件句及省略用法 易错典题 【例2】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2026高三·江苏·专题练习) If I (be) more careful, the accident could have been avoided. 【答案】had been 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我当时更小心一些，事故本可以避免。根据主句“the accident could have been avoided”可知，本句表示与过去事实相反的假设，if条件句需用过去完成时(had + 过去分词)。故填had been。 【错因分析】错误答案1：was（没有根据主句判断出本题考查虚拟语气）；错误答案2：were（认为这是与现在事实相反，用were）。 避错攻略 【方法总结】意义一致两个宝：一是牢记句型二是状语标志。 【干货必记1】if虚拟条件句基本用法 场合 从句谓语 主句谓语 与现在事实相反 动词过去式(be用were) would/could/might+动词原形 与过去事实相反 had +动词过去分词 would/could/might have done 与将来事实相反 1.动词过去式(be用were) 2.were to +动词原形3.should +动词原形 would/could/might +动词原形 If it were sunny today, we would go to the park. 如果今天晴天，我们就去公园了。 If she had seen you yesterday, she would have asked you about it. 要是她昨天看到你，她就要向你问起这件事。 If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨我们就不去爬山了。 【干货必记2】if虚拟条件句省略用法 场合 省略示例 1.if错综条件句和主句与不同时间相反，则根据主从句位置和事实区别对待对号入座 If she had taken the medicine, she would feel better now. 要是她当时吃了药，现在就会感觉好一些了。 If I were you, I would have accepted that job offer. 我要是你的话，当时就会接受那份工作邀请了。 2.if条件句若省略if，则把were/ should/ had提前到句首构成部分倒装句 Were I you, I would choose to study abroad.= If I were you, I would choose to study abroad.我要是你，就会选择出国留学。 Had he known the truth, he would have told us earlier.= If he had known the truth, he would have told us earlier.要是他当时知道真相早就告诉我们了。 3.有些句子没有明确的 if 条件句，但通过without, but for或otherwise暗示了虚拟的条件，这类句子被称为“含蓄条件句” Without water, plants would die soon.没有水，植物很快就会枯死。 But for the traffic jam, she would have caught the flight.要不是堵车，她本可以赶上那趟航班的。 She forgot to set the alarm; otherwise, she wouldn’t have been late for class.她忘记设闹钟了，否则她不会上课迟到的。 举一反三 1.（2026高三·江苏·专题练习）If you (tell) me yesterday, I would know what to do now. 【答案】had told 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你昨天告诉我，我现在就知道该怎么做了。这是一个错综时间条件句。条件句中“yesterday”表明是与过去事实相反的假设，按照虚拟语气规则，与过去事实相反时，if从句要用过去完成时“had + 过去分词”，所以这里应填had told。主句now表明是与现在事实相反的假设，用would /could/should /might+动词原形。故填had told。 【易错题型】if虚拟句判断从句与哪种事实相反是做题关键，其中寻找now，yesterday等时间状语是捷径。 2.（2026高三·广东·专题练习） (be) I in your position, I would do things differently. 【答案】Were 【解析】考查虚拟语气倒装结构。句意：如果我处在你的立场，我会用不同的方式处理事情。根据语意可知，本句表示与现在事实相反的假设，需用虚拟语气，be动词用were。原句是“If I were in your position, ...”，当从句有were时，if可省略，并将were提前，构成倒装结构。句首首字母大写。故填Were。 3.（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）The printer is of good quality. If it (break) down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. 【答案】should break/ broke 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：这台打印机质量很好。如果它在第一年内坏了，我们会自费修理。空处是if引导的条件状语从句的谓语动词，根据句意及主句“we would repair it at our expense”可知，句子应用了虚拟语气，表达将来的假设情况，空处应用should break或过去式形式broke。故填should break/broke。 【易错题型】if虚拟句与将来事实相反，从句谓语有三种方式：动词过去式(be用were) ；were to +动词原形；should +动词原形。 易错03 谓语用“(should)+动词原形”场合 易错典题 【例3】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (25-26高三上·全国·课后作业) What do you think of the proposal that improvement __________ (make) in the type of vacuum cleaner? 【答案】be made/should be made 【解析】考查被动语态和虚拟语气。句意：你对改进真空吸尘器的建议有什么看法？that引导的是同位语从句，proposal意为“建议”，that从句中要用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，improvement和make之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用should be made，should可省略，因此空格处是(should) be made。故填(should) be made。 【错因分析】错误答案1：can be made（虽然判断用被动语态但是忽略了虚拟用法）；错误答案2：should make（判断用虚拟语气但是忽略了被动语态）。 避错攻略 【方法总结】虚拟语气三看：一看句型，二看语境，三看主被动， 【干货必记】名词性从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”三大典型场合 用法 标志词 示例 一二三四类动词（接从句谓语用should+动词，且should可以省略） 坚持insist命令order, command建议advise, suggest, recommend要求demand, desire, require, request She insisted that she (should) go to the hospital alone.她坚持要自己一个人去医院。 He suggested that we (should) start the project at once.他建议我们立刻启动这个项目。 一二三四类动词名词后接从句，该从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。 order, command, advice, suggestion, requirement My advice is that you (should) apologize to her sincerely.我的建议是你真诚地向她道歉。 The order was that the troops (should) set off before dawn.命令是部队在黎明前出发。 It is strange that..从句用should+动词，should可省。若动作已经发生，则应用should have done。 necessary, strange, impossible It is strange that he should refuse such a good offer.真奇怪，他竟然拒绝这么好的机会。 It is unbelievable that she should have lied to her parents.令人难以置信的是，她竟然对父母撒谎。 举一反三 1.（25-26高三上·上海·月考）My suggestion is that the problem (discuss) at the meeting as soon as possible. 【答案】 (should) be discussed 【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：我的建议是这个问题应该尽快在会议上讨论。分析句子结构可知，“suggestion(建议)”后接表语从句时，从句需用虚拟语气，其结构为“(should) + 动词原形”，其中should可省略。再结合语义，the problem与discuss之间是被动关系，因此需用被动语态(should) be discussed。故填 (should) be discussed。 2．（24-25高三上·重庆·月考）It is highly recommended that this book (revise) before getting published. 【答案】be revised/should be revised 【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：强烈建议这本书在出版前修改一下。空处应填从句谓语动词，由句意及句中的It is highly recommended that可知此处为表示建议、要求、命令的动词之后的虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用，此时that从句的谓语动词应用(should)+动词原形，从句主语this book与revise之间为被动关系，谓语动词应用被动语态，故填should be revised/be revised。 3.（25-26高二上·全国·课后作业）It is vital that enough money (collect) to fund the project. 【答案】should be collected/be collected 【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：筹集到足够的资金来资助这个项目是至关重要的。在“It is vital that...”句型中，that引导的主语从句需用虚拟语气，结构为“(should) + 动词原形”，should可以省略；且money与collect之间是被动关系，即“钱被筹集”，需用被动语态(should) be collected。故填(should) be collected。 4.（25-26高二上·全国·课后作业）My demand is that the information referred to in my report ____________ (email) to Mr Brown without delay. 【答案】should be emailed/be emailed 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我的要求是将我报告中提到的资料立即用电子邮件发给Brown先生。demand表示“要求”，表语从句中应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语部分用“(should)+动词原形”，动词email和主语the information之间是被动关系，故填(should) be emailed。 易错04 特殊句型中虚拟语气用法 易错典题 【例4】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (25-26高三上·全国·课后作业) If only we (find) out the secret between them earlier! 【答案】had found 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要是我们早点发现他们之间的秘密就好了！分析句子可知，“If only”意为“要是……就好了”，句子要用虚拟语气，句中表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词用“had+动词过去分词”，“find”的过去分词为“found”，故空格处应用“had found”。故填had found。 【错因分析】错误答案1：have found（忽略了if only…虚拟语气用法）；错误答案2：found（忽略了if only…表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时）。 【干货必记】特殊句型虚拟语气用法梳理 用法 示例 1.I would rather that…从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在、将来相反用一般过去时 I would rather that he came to the party tomorrow.我宁愿他明天来参加派对。 2.I wish that…从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had done, did, would do I wish that the exam would be easier next week.我希望下周的考试能简单一点。 3.if only表示“如果……该多好”与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had done, did, would do If only they had won the game yesterday.要是他们昨天赢了比赛该多好。 4.It is high/about time that..后面常用did或should do, should不能省，意为“早该……” It is about time that you finished/should finish your homework.你早该写完作业了。 5.“It looks as if...”句型意为 “看起来好像……”，用于根据表象或观察对某事做出推测或判断, 与过去、现在相反，分别用had done, did It looks as if the window had been broken by someone last night.看起来好像窗户昨晚被人打破了。 举一反三 1.（2025高三·全国·专题练习）She wishes she (not say) those hurtful words yesterday. 【答案】hadn’t said 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：她希望她昨天没有说那些伤人的话。say“说”，wish后的宾语从句表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用虚拟语气，时态用过去完成时，从句为否定句，谓语用hadn’t said。故填hadn’t said。 2.（2026高三·广东·专题练习）I would rather you (not tell) him the news yesterday. Now he is so upset. 【答案】hadn’t told 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我宁愿你昨天没有告诉他那个消息。他现在非常沮丧。would rather后的从句要用虚拟语气，时间状语yesterday表明这是与过去的事实相反，从句应用过去完成时。故填hadn’t told。 3.（2026高三·广东·专题练习）I’d rather you (not mention) this to anyone else in the future. 【答案】didn’t mention 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我宁愿你以后不要向其他人提起这件事。“would rather”后接宾语从句时，从句需用虚拟语气；结合“in the future”可知，此处表与将来事实相反的假设，谓语用一般过去时，否定形式为“didn’t + 动词原形”。故填didn’t mention。 4.（25-26高一上·江苏镇江·月考）She felt as though her heart (stop) beating the moment she heard the shocking news. 【答案】had stopped 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：当她听到那令人震惊的消息时，仿佛自己的心脏瞬间停止了跳动。as though/as if引导的从句常用来表达与事实不符的虚拟语气，或描述主观感受中的夸张状态，根据上文felt可知从句表示对过去事实的虚拟，用过去完成时。故填had stopped。 易错05 情态动词特殊用法 易错典题 【例5】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2025高三·全国·专题练习) you make so much noise, Jimmy? Your little sister is still sleeping. 【答案】Must 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：Jimmy，你非要弄出这么大的噪音吗？你妹妹还在睡觉。根据后文内容可知，此处表示说话人的不满，情态动词must意为“偏要，非要……不可，后接动词原形，且位于句首首字母大写。故填Must。 【错因分析】部分考生此题毫无做题思路，那是因为不熟悉情态动词must表示“偏偏，偏要”特殊用法。 【干货必记】情态动词特殊用法梳理 用法 示例 1.表示“推测”时，can用于否定句中表示“不可能” He can't be in the classroom now; I just saw him in the library.他现在不可能在教室里，我刚在图书馆见他。 2.may/might as well do sth.表示建议，意为“不妨做某事” We may as well take the bus; the subway is under repair. 我们不妨坐公交吧，地铁正在检修。 3.“May you+动词原形”表示祝愿，意为“祝你……！ May you have a happy and healthy new year!祝你新年快乐、身体健康！ 4.mustn't意为“不允许，禁止 You mustn't take photos in this museum; it's against the rules.你不许在这个博物馆拍照，这是违反规定的。 5.must表示“偏要”，指说话人对发生的事情表示不满 Why must it rain on the day we planned a picnic?为什么偏偏在我们计划野餐的这天下雨？ 6.should表示“推测”,常意为“按道理说应该” The train should arrive in ten minutes; it's never late.火车按理说十分钟后应该到，它从来不会晚点。 7.would用于否定句表示顽固倾向，意为“老是不”“总是不” My car wouldn’t start this morning, so I had to take the bus to work.我的车今早怎么都发动不了，我只好坐公交上班。 举一反三 1.（25-26高三上·全国·课后作业）The magazine be Lucy’s. We can see her name on the cover. 【答案】must 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：这本杂志一定是露西的。我们可以在封面上看到她的名字。根据“We can see her name on the cover. (我们可以在封面上看到她的名字。)”可知，这本杂志“一定”是露西的，表示对现在情况的肯定推测，应用情态动词must。故填must。 2.（25-26高三·江苏扬州·月考）Tina (lie) on the grass observing stars when she was young. 【答案】would lie 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：蒂娜年轻时会躺在草地上看星星。根据时间状语“when she was young”可知，lie是过去常做的行为，would作情态动词，它常用于表示意愿、请求、假设或过去习惯性的行为，情态动词+动词原形。故填would lie。 3.（24-25高三下·安徽·开学考试）We as well take the subway to get there since the traffic is so bad. 【答案】may/might 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：既然交通如此拥挤，我们还是乘地铁去吧。此处是固定搭配：may as well或者might as well‌意为“只好（做）；（做……）也无妨”。故填may或者might。 易错06 “情态动词+have done”用法 易错典题 【例6】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (25-26高三下·全国·期末) He must (pass) the exam, because he was so happy the whole day. 【答案】have passed 【解析】考查情态动词+have done的结构。句意：他一定是通过了考试，因为他一整天都那么开心。根据下文“because he was so happy the whole day”可知，他一整天都那么开心，所以他一定是通过了考试。本题考查“must have done”的结构，表示对过去情况的非常肯定的推测，即“一定已经做了某事”。故填have passed。 【错因分析】部分考生知道情态动词后接动词原形，就填写pass(忽略了must have done表示对过去行为的推断用法。 【干货必记】情态动词+have done用法梳理 用法 示例 1.can’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。 The ground is dry; it can’t have rained last night.地面是干的，昨晚不可能下过雨。 2.could have done本可以做某事。否定式表示“不可能做了某事”。 She could have won the competition, but she gave up halfway.她本可以赢得比赛，却中途放弃了。 3.may/might have done表示对过去的推测，意思是“可能已经…”。 I might have left my umbrella in the restaurant.我也许把伞落在餐厅了。 4. must have done表示对过去的推测，意思是“想必已经.”，用于肯定句中。 You look tired. You must have worked late last night. 你看起来很疲惫，昨晚想必是工作到很晚了。 5.should/ought to have done表示“本应该做某事而没有做”。 You ought to have apologized to her. It was your fault.你本应该向她道歉的，那是你的错。 6.shouldn’t have done表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。 She shouldn’t have eaten so much ice cream; now she has a stomachache.她本不该吃那么多冰淇淋的，现在胃疼了。 7.needn’t have done表示“作了不必做或不需要做的事”。 We needn’t have hurried. The meeting was delayed for an hour.我们本没必要那么匆忙的，会议推迟了一个小时。 举一反三 1.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）The spokesman did not regret what he had said at the conference but felt that he could (express) it indirectly. 【答案】have expressed 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：发言人对他在会上所说的话并不后悔，只是觉得他本可以间接地表达出来。根据“The spokesman did not regret what he had said at the conference but felt”可知，此处是指他本可以间接地表达出来，是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以应用could have done表示“本可以做某事”。动词express意为“表达”。故填have expressed。 2.（25-26高三上·全国·课后作业）They ought to (arrive) at lunchtime but the flight was delayed. 【答案】have arrived 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：他们本应在午餐时间到达的，但航班却延误了。根据句中的ought to和the flight was delayed可知，此处表示“本应该做某事而没做”，用ought to have done表示。故填have arrived。 3.（25-26高三上·全国·课后作业）There was plenty of time. She needn’t (hurry). 【答案】have hurried 【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：还有充足的时间，她本不必着急的。根据空前needn’t可知，needn’t have done是情态动词的固定用法，意为“本不必做某事（而实际上做了）”，强调过去已经发生的动作本不必做，hurry的过去分词形式为hurried。故填have hurried。 4.（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）It might (rain) yesterday evening because the ground is wet now. 【答案】have rained 【解析】考查“情态动词+have done”。句意：昨天晚上可能下雨了，因为现在地面是湿的。由“yesterday evening because the ground is wet now”可知，此处是对过去可能发生过的事情的推测，might have done意为“可能做过某事”，因此空格处是have rained。故填have rained。 闯关一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（25-26高三上·广东广州·期中）Learning a second language can greatly (strong) your communication skills and open up more job opportunities in the future. 【答案】strengthen 【解析】考查动词。句意：学习第二门语言可以极大地增强你的交流技能，并为以后带来更多的工作机会。此处在句中作谓语动词，故应用动词“strengthen增加，加强”，且空前为情态动词can，故此处应用动词原形，故填strengthen。 2.（25-26高三下·江苏扬州·期末）You not be too careful when crossing the road. 【答案】can 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：过马路的时候越小心越好。根据“not be too careful”可知，此处用固定表达can not… too…表示“再……也不为过，越……越好”。故填can。 3.（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）She said she visit me today, but she was not sure. 【答案】might 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：她说她今天可能会来看我，但她不确定。根据句意和后文she was not sure及句子结构可知，此处为一般过去时，应用情态动词may的过去式might“可能”表示可能性，和动词原形构成复合谓语。故填might。 4.（2026高三下·全国·专题练习）It is raining heavily outside. You as well stay here for the night. 【答案】may/might 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：外面雨下得很大。你不妨在这儿过夜。may/might as well“不妨”，固定短语。故填may/might。 5.（2026高三下·全国·专题练习）If you have a cigarette, choose a seat in the first row of the smoking section. 【答案】must 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：如果你一定要吸烟，那你就选吸烟区第一排的座位。must意为“非要，一定”。if you must do sth.表示虽不赞同，但可允许，意为“如果你一定要做某事”。故填must。 6.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）There’s a lot of noise from next door. They be having a party. 【答案】must 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：隔壁很吵。他们一定在开派对。根据句意可知，设空处表示肯定的猜测，需用情态动词must。故填must。 7.（24-25高三下·江苏扬州·期中）You can’t imagine a well-behaved man be so rude to a lady. 【答案】should 【解析】考查should用法。句意：你无法想象一个彬彬有礼的男人竟然对一位女士如此粗鲁。结合句意可知，此处表示“竟然”，使用情态动词should，故填should。 8.（25-26高三·全国·课后作业）Grandma Li (sit) for hours doing nothing when she was in her nineties. 【答案】would sit 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：李奶奶90多岁的时候，经常一坐就是几个小时，什么也不做。表示“过去常常做某事（不清楚现在是否还做）”用would do。根据句意，故填would sit。 9.（25-26高三·全国·课后作业）I love the weekend, because I get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 【答案】needn’t 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。由句意及空前的I love the weekend可知此处表示“不需要”，应用情态动词needn’t，故填needn’t。 10．（25-26高三上·全国·课后作业）You’d better send Lisa back home, because it’s too late and she not go home alone at night. 【答案】dare 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你最好送丽莎回家，因为太晚了，她不敢晚上一个人回家。由go home alone at night可知，句子表示“她不敢晚上一个人回家”，dare not do sth.意为“不敢做某事”，因此空格处是情态动词dare。故填dare。 11．（2026高三·江苏·专题练习）Susan hasn’t arrived yet. She (miss) the train, as there’s usually heavy traffic at this time. 【答案】may have missed 【解析】考查情态动词表推测。 句意：苏珊还没到。她可能没赶上火车，因为这个时间通常交通很拥堵。 根据前句 “Susan hasn’t arrived yet”和后句“as there’s usually heavy traffic at this time”的语境，此处是对过去发生事情的可能性推测，用may have done的结构。 故填may have missed。 12.（25-26高三上·全国·课后作业）I saw her just now. She have gone to Beijing. 【答案】can’t/couldn’t 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我刚才看见她了。她不可能去北京了。分析句子可知，空处应用情态动词表达“对过去情况的否定推测”。前半句I saw her just now (我刚才看见她了)表明“她去北京”这一情况不可能发生。can’t/couldn’t have done用于对过去事情的否定推测，意为 “不可能做过某事”，符合语境。故填can’t/couldn’t。 13.（25-26高三上·全国·课后作业）He could (pass) the exam, but he was too careless. 【答案】have passed 【解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：他本来可以通过考试的，但他太粗心了。设空处应填have passed，could have done表示“本来能够做某事但未做”，符合句意“本来可以通过考试”。故填have passed。 14.（25-26高三上·全国·课后作业）There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You should (come), but why didn’t you? 【答案】have come 【解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：昨天的聚会很有趣。你本应该来的，但你为什么没来？此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，使用虚拟语气，应用should have done结构，意为“本应该做某事，而实际上没做”，come的过去分词为come。故填have come。 15.（25-26高二上·重庆·月考）If only I (listen) to your advice; I wouldn’t have made such a terrible mistake. 【答案】had listened 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要是我当时听了你的建议就好了，那样我就不会犯下如此严重的错误了。根据下文“I wouldn’t have made such a terrible mistake.(我就不会犯下如此严重的错误了)”可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以if从句的时态用过去完成时，即谓语动词用had+动词的过去分词形式。故答案为had listened。 16.（2026高三·广东·专题练习）If he (take) the doctor’s advice, he would be fully recovered now. 【答案】had taken 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他当初听了医生的建议，现在就会完全康复了。句子是错综时间条件句，从句表与过去事实相反的假设，谓语需用“had +过去分词”结构；“take”的过去分词为taken。故填had taken。 17.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业） I had picked him up earlier, he wouldn’t have had to walk so far. 【答案】If 【解析】考查虚拟语气中的条件状语从句引导词。句意：如果我早点去接他，他就不必走这么远了。根据句意以及“had picked”和“wouldn’t have had”可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中用“if+主语+had+过去分词”结构，故填If。 18.（25-26高二上·陕西西安·月考）It is desired that accurate and timely weather warnings (transmit) to all coastal communities before the storm arrives. 【答案】should be transmitted/be transmitted 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：希望在风暴到来之前，准确及时的天气警报能被传送到所有沿海社区。“It is desired that...”是固定句型，意为“希望……”，其中that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”；transmit(传送)是主语从句中谓语，与主语weather warnings之间是被动关系，用虚拟语气，即(should) be transmitted。故填(should) be transmitted。 19.（2025高三·全国·专题练习）But for your timely help, we (lose) the match yesterday. 【答案】would have lost 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是你及时的帮助，我们昨天就会输掉比赛。分析句子可知，句中“but for”（要不是）是含蓄虚拟条件句的标志，表明句子是对过去情况的假设。对于过去情况的虚拟，主句谓语动词应使用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”的结构。本句中，“lose the match”（输掉比赛）是过去可能发生的情况，因此应填“would have lost”。故填would have lost。 20.（25-36高三·全国·课后作业）When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____________ (be) broken. 【答案】were 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：当一支铅笔的一部分放在一杯水里时，它看起来好像断了。根据句意，此处考查as if引导的表语从句的虚拟语气， 表示与现在事实相反的情况，应用一般过去时，be动词使用were。故填were。 闯关二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （25-26高二上·江西赣州·月考）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Released on November 26, 2025, Zootopia 2 is a lively animated comedy sequel to Disney’s 2016 hit, 1 (direct) by Byron Howard. The film continues the adventures of Judy Hopps, 2 optimistic rabbit police officer, and Nick Wilde, her clever fox partner, now 3 (official) working together at the Zootopia Police Department. Set during Zootopia’s 100th anniversary celebration, the story follows Judy and Nick as they investigate a mysterious case 4 (involve) the city’s climate wall — a crucial structure maintaining its 12 distinct ecosystems. Their mission leads them 5 Gary De’Snake, a blue-scaled snake who reveals long-hidden secrets about Zootopia’s origins and the historical conflict between mammals and reptiles (哺乳动物和爬行动物). The film expands on the original’s theme of overcoming prejudice, exploring how fear and misinformation divide 6 (community). Judy and Nick’s partnership 7 (test) as they go undercover, face dangerous criminals, and challenge societal biases. With amazing animation and lighthearted humor, Zootopia 2 delivers a 8 (power) message: true unity comes from embracing differences, seeking 9 (true), and building trust. Zootopia 2 offers valuable lessons about friendship, courage, and standing up against injustice in an entertaining adventure 10 will leave audiences both laughing and reflecting. 【答案】1．directed 2．an 3．officially 4．involving 5．to 6．communities 7．is tested 8．powerful 9．truth 10．that/which 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了迪士尼动画电影《疯狂动物城2》。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：《疯狂动物城2》于 2025年11月26日上映，是迪士尼2016年热门动画电影的一部生动的动画喜剧续集，由拜伦・霍华德执导。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，direct与逻辑主语Zootopia 2之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填directed。 2．考查冠词。句意：影片继续讲述乐观的兔子警官朱迪・霍普斯和她聪明的狐狸搭档尼克・王尔德的冒险故事，如今二人已在动物城警察局正式共事。officer为可数名词，此处表示泛指，，且optimistic是以元音音素开头，所以使用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 3．考查副词。句意：影片继续讲述乐观的兔子警官朱迪・霍普斯和她聪明的狐狸搭档尼克・王尔德的冒险故事，如今二人已在动物城警察局正式共事。空处修饰动词working，应使用副词officially作状语。故填officially。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：故事设定在动物城建城100周年庆典期间，朱迪和尼克着手调查一起神秘案件，该案件牵涉到城市的气候墙——这是一座维持动物城12个独特生态系统的关键建筑。空处应为非谓语动词作后置定语，involve与逻辑主语case之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式。故填involving。 5．考查介词。句意：他们的任务将他们引向了加里・德斯内克，一条蓝鳞蛇，他揭露了关于动物城起源以及哺乳动物与爬行动物之间历史冲突的长期隐藏秘密。固定短语lead sb. to sb./sth.，意为 “把某人引向某人/某物”，所以此处应使用介词to。故填to。 6．考查名词复数。句意：这部电影延续了前作“克服偏见”的主题，探讨了恐惧和虚假信息如何分裂各个群体。 community是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，所以应使用名词复数形式。故填communities。 7．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：朱迪和尼克的搭档关系受到了考验，他们不仅要卧底潜伏、对抗危险罪犯，还要挑战社会偏见。句子主语 Judy and Nick’s partnership 与谓语 test 之间是被动关系（搭档关系被考验），全文整体为一般现在时，因此用一般现在时的被动语态 is tested。故填is tested。 8．考查形容词。句意：凭借令人惊叹的动画效果和轻松诙谐的幽默，《疯狂动物城2》传达了一个强有力的信息：真正的团结来自接受差异、寻求真相和建立信任。空处修饰名词message，应使用形容词powerful作定语。故填powerful。 9．考查名词。句意：凭借令人惊叹的动画效果和轻松诙谐的幽默，《疯狂动物城2》传递了一个强有力的信息：真正的团结源于接纳差异、追求真相和建立信任。空处作seeking的宾语，应使用名词truth，意为“真相”，为不可数名词。故填truth。 10．考查定语从句。句意：《疯狂动物城2》以一场妙趣横生的冒险之旅，传递了关于友谊、勇气以及反抗不公的深刻启示，这部影片既能让观众开怀大笑，又能引发他们的深度思考。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词adventure，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词使用that或者which引导。故填that或which。 7 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 易错11 情态动词和虚拟语气（6大易错点+易错闯关训练） 目 录 第一部分 易错点剖析 1 易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三 易错01 “情态动词+被动语态”用法 1 易错02 if虚拟条件句及省略用法 2 易错03 谓语用“(should)+动词原形”场合 3 易错04 特殊句型中虚拟语气用法 4 易错05 情态动词特殊用法 5 易错06 “情态动词+have done”用法 6 第二部分 易错点闯关 7 闯关01 单句填空 7 闯关02 语篇填空（迪士尼动画电影《疯狂动物城2》爆火） 8 易错01 “情态动词+被动语态”用法 易错典题 【例1】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2024浙江1月卷) However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes __________ (offer) in smaller packs. 避错攻略 【方法总结】 紧紧抓住“情态动词+be +过去分词”，这里情态动词包括can/could, may/might, will/would, should/ought to, must等。有时为了增加难度或迷惑性，可能在情态动词后边插入副词起干扰作用。 【干货必记】“情态动词+be +过去分词” 情态动词 被动语态示例 must The homework must be handed in before tomorrow morning. 作业必须在明天早上之前上交。 can/could The task can be finished in two hours. 这项任务可以在两小时内完成。 may/might Some changes might be made to the plan later. 之后这个计划可能会做一些修改。 should/ough to More attention ought to be paid to environmental protection. 应该更加重视环境保护。 need The machine needn’t be repaired right now.这台机器现在不需要修理。 举一反三 1.（2024全国甲卷）What should (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 2.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still _________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 3.（2022浙江卷）To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting _________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind? 4.（2020全国III卷）The artist was sure he would _________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. 易错02 if虚拟条件句及省略用法 易错典题 【例2】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 避错攻略 【方法总结】意义一致两个宝：一是牢记句型二是状语标志。 【干货必记1】if虚拟条件句基本用法 场合 从句谓语 主句谓语 与现在事实相反 动词过去式(be用were) would/could/might+动词原形 与过去事实相反 had +动词过去分词 would/could/might have done 与将来事实相反 1.动词过去式(be用were) 2.were to +动词原形3.should +动词原形 would/could/might +动词原形 If it were sunny today, we would go to the park. 如果今天晴天，我们就去公园了。 If she had seen you yesterday, she would have asked you about it. 要是她昨天看到你，她就要向你问起这件事。 If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨我们就不去爬山了。 【干货必记2】if虚拟条件句省略用法 场合 省略示例 1.if错综条件句和主句与不同时间相反，则根据主从句位置和事实区别对待对号入座 If she had taken the medicine, she would feel better now. 要是她当时吃了药，现在就会感觉好一些了。 If I were you, I would have accepted that job offer. 我要是你的话，当时就会接受那份工作邀请了。 2.if条件句若省略if，则把were/ should/ had提前到句首构成部分倒装句 Were I you, I would choose to study abroad.= If I were you, I would choose to study abroad.我要是你，就会选择出国留学。 Had he known the truth, he would have told us earlier.= If he had known the truth, he would have told us earlier.要是他当时知道真相早就告诉我们了。 3.有些句子没有明确的 if 条件句，但通过without, but for或otherwise暗示了虚拟的条件，这类句子被称为“含蓄条件句” Without water, plants would die soon.没有水，植物很快就会枯死。 But for the traffic jam, she would have caught the flight.要不是堵车，她本可以赶上那趟航班的。 She forgot to set the alarm; otherwise, she wouldn’t have been late for class.她忘记设闹钟了，否则她不会上课迟到的。 举一反三 1.（2026高三·江苏·专题练习）If you (tell) me yesterday, I would know what to do now. 2.（2026高三·广东·专题练习） (be) I in your position, I would do things differently. 3.（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）The printer is of good quality. If it (break) down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. 易错03 谓语用“(should)+动词原形”场合 易错典题 【例3】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (25-26高三上·全国·课后作业) What do you think of the proposal that improvement __________ (make) in the type of vacuum cleaner? 避错攻略 【方法总结】虚拟语气三看：一看句型，二看语境，三看主被动， 【干货必记】名词性从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”三大典型场合 用法 标志词 示例 一二三四类动词（接从句谓语用should+动词，且should可以省略） 坚持insist命令order, command建议advise, suggest, recommend要求demand, desire, require, request She insisted that she (should) go to the hospital alone.她坚持要自己一个人去医院。 He suggested that we (should) start the project at once.他建议我们立刻启动这个项目。 一二三四类动词名词后接从句，该从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。 order, command, advice, suggestion, requirement My advice is that you (should) apologize to her sincerely.我的建议是你真诚地向她道歉。 The order was that the troops (should) set off before dawn.命令是部队在黎明前出发。 It is strange that..从句用should+动词，should可省。若动作已经发生，则应用should have done。 necessary, strange, impossible It is strange that he should refuse such a good offer.真奇怪，他竟然拒绝这么好的机会。 It is unbelievable that she should have lied to her parents.令人难以置信的是，她竟然对父母撒谎。 举一反三 1.（25-26高三上·上海·月考）My suggestion is that the problem (discuss) at the meeting as soon as possible. 2．（24-25高三上·重庆·月考）It is highly recommended that this book (revise) before getting published. 3.（25-26高二上·全国·课后作业）It is vital that enough money (collect) to fund the project. 4.（25-26高二上·全国·课后作业）My demand is that the information referred to in my report ____________ (email) to Mr Brown without delay. 易错04 特殊句型中虚拟语气用法 易错典题 【例4】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 【干货必记】特殊句型虚拟语气用法梳理 用法 示例 1.I would rather that…从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在、将来相反用一般过去时 I would rather that he came to the party tomorrow.我宁愿他明天来参加派对。 2.I wish that…从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had done, did, would do I wish that the exam would be easier next week.我希望下周的考试能简单一点。 3.if only表示“如果……该多好”与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had done, did, would do If only they had won the game yesterday.要是他们昨天赢了比赛该多好。 4.It is high/about time that..后面常用did或should do, should不能省，意为“早该……” It is about time that you finished/should finish your homework.你早该写完作业了。 5.“It looks as if...”句型意为 “看起来好像……”，用于根据表象或观察对某事做出推测或判断, 与过去、现在相反，分别用had done, did It looks as if the window had been broken by someone last night.看起来好像窗户昨晚被人打破了。 举一反三 1.（2025高三·全国·专题练习）She wishes she (not say) those hurtful words yesterday. 2.（2026高三·广东·专题练习）I would rather you (not tell) him the news yesterday. Now he is so upset. 3.（2026高三·广东·专题练习）I’d rather you (not mention) this to anyone else in the future. 4.（25-26高一上·江苏镇江·月考）She felt as though her heart (stop) beating the moment she heard the shocking news. 易错05 情态动词特殊用法 易错典题 【例5】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2025高三·全国·专题练习) you make so much noise, Jimmy? Your little sister is still sleeping. 【干货必记】情态动词特殊用法梳理 用法 示例 1.表示“推测”时，can用于否定句中表示“不可能” He can't be in the classroom now; I just saw him in the library.他现在不可能在教室里，我刚在图书馆见他。 2.may/might as well do sth.表示建议，意为“不妨做某事” We may as well take the bus; the subway is under repair. 我们不妨坐公交吧，地铁正在检修。 3.“May you+动词原形”表示祝愿，意为“祝你……！ May you have a happy and healthy new year!祝你新年快乐、身体健康！ 4.mustn't意为“不允许，禁止 You mustn't take photos in this museum; it's against the rules.你不许在这个博物馆拍照，这是违反规定的。 5.must表示“偏要”，指说话人对发生的事情表示不满 Why must it rain on the day we planned a picnic?为什么偏偏在我们计划野餐的这天下雨？ 6.should表示“推测”,常意为“按道理说应该” The train should arrive in ten minutes; it's never late.火车按理说十分钟后应该到，它从来不会晚点。 7.would用于否定句表示顽固倾向，意为“老是不”“总是不” My car wouldn’t start this morning, so I had to take the bus to work.我的车今早怎么都发动不了，我只好坐公交上班。 举一反三 1.（25-26高三上·全国·课后作业）The magazine be Lucy’s. We can see her name on the cover. 2.（25-26高三·江苏扬州·月考）Tina (lie) on the grass observing stars when she was young. 3.（24-25高三下·安徽·开学考试）We as well take the subway to get there since the traffic is so bad. 易错06 “情态动词+have done”用法 易错典题 【例6】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (25-26高三下·全国·期末) He must (pass) the exam, because he was so happy the whole day. 【干货必记】情态动词+have done用法梳理 用法 示例 1.can’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。 The ground is dry; it can’t have rained last night.地面是干的，昨晚不可能下过雨。 2.could have done本可以做某事。否定式表示“不可能做了某事”。 She could have won the competition, but she gave up halfway.她本可以赢得比赛，却中途放弃了。 3.may/might have done表示对过去的推测，意思是“可能已经…”。 I might have left my umbrella in the restaurant.我也许把伞落在餐厅了。 4. must have done表示对过去的推测，意思是“想必已经.”，用于肯定句中。 You look tired. You must have worked late last night. 你看起来很疲惫，昨晚想必是工作到很晚了。 5.should/ought to have done表示“本应该做某事而没有做”。 You ought to have apologized to her. It was your fault.你本应该向她道歉的，那是你的错。 6.shouldn’t have done表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。 She shouldn’t have eaten so much ice cream; now she has a stomachache.她本不该吃那么多冰淇淋的，现在胃疼了。 7.needn’t have done表示“作了不必做或不需要做的事”。 We needn’t have hurried. The meeting was delayed for an hour.我们本没必要那么匆忙的，会议推迟了一个小时。 举一反三 1.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）The spokesman did not regret what he had said at the conference but felt that he could (express) it indirectly. 2.（25-26高三上·全国·课后作业）They ought to (arrive) at lunchtime but the flight was delayed. 3.（25-26高三上·全国·课后作业）There was plenty of time. She needn’t (hurry). 4.（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）It might (rain) yesterday evening because the ground is wet now. 闯关一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（25-26高三上·广东广州·期中）Learning a second language can greatly (strong) your communication skills and open up more job opportunities in the future. 2.（25-26高三下·江苏扬州·期末）You not be too careful when crossing the road. 3.（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）She said she visit me today, but she was not sure. 4.（2026高三下·全国·专题练习）It is raining heavily outside. You as well stay here for the night. 5.（2026高三下·全国·专题练习）If you have a cigarette, choose a seat in the first row of the smoking section. 6.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）There’s a lot of noise from next door. They be having a party. 7.（24-25高三下·江苏扬州·期中）You can’t imagine a well-behaved man be so rude to a lady. 8.（25-26高三·全国·课后作业）Grandma Li (sit) for hours doing nothing when she was in her nineties. 9.（25-26高三·全国·课后作业）I love the weekend, because I get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 10．（25-26高三上·全国·课后作业）You’d better send Lisa back home, because it’s too late and she not go home alone at night. 11．（2026高三·江苏·专题练习）Susan hasn’t arrived yet. She (miss) the train, as there’s usually heavy traffic at this time. 12.（25-26高三上·全国·课后作业）I saw her just now. She have gone to Beijing. 13.（25-26高三上·全国·课后作业）He could (pass) the exam, but he was too careless. 14.（25-26高三上·全国·课后作业）There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You should (come), but why didn’t you? 15.（25-26高二上·重庆·月考）If only I (listen) to your advice; I wouldn’t have made such a terrible mistake. 16.（2026高三·广东·专题练习）If he (take) the doctor’s advice, he would be fully recovered now. 17.（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业） I had picked him up earlier, he wouldn’t have had to walk so far. 18.（25-26高二上·陕西西安·月考）It is desired that accurate and timely weather warnings (transmit) to all coastal communities before the storm arrives. 19.（2025高三·全国·专题练习）But for your timely help, we (lose) the match yesterday. 20.（25-36高三·全国·课后作业）When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____________ (be) broken. 闯关二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （25-26高二上·江西赣州·月考）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Released on November 26, 2025, Zootopia 2 is a lively animated comedy sequel to Disney’s 2016 hit, 1 (direct) by Byron Howard. The film continues the adventures of Judy Hopps, 2 optimistic rabbit police officer, and Nick Wilde, her clever fox partner, now 3 (official) working together at the Zootopia Police Department. Set during Zootopia’s 100th anniversary celebration, the story follows Judy and Nick as they investigate a mysterious case 4 (involve) the city’s climate wall — a crucial structure maintaining its 12 distinct ecosystems. Their mission leads them 5 Gary De’Snake, a blue-scaled snake who reveals long-hidden secrets about Zootopia’s origins and the historical conflict between mammals and reptiles (哺乳动物和爬行动物). The film expands on the original’s theme of overcoming prejudice, exploring how fear and misinformation divide 6 (community). Judy and Nick’s partnership 7 (test) as they go undercover, face dangerous criminals, and challenge societal biases. With amazing animation and lighthearted humor, Zootopia 2 delivers a 8 (power) message: true unity comes from embracing differences, seeking 9 (true), and building trust. Zootopia 2 offers valuable lessons about friendship, courage, and standing up against injustice in an entertaining adventure 10 will leave audiences both laughing and reflecting. 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $