期末复习语法整理归纳（背诵+练习）2025-2026学年外研版八年级英语上册

全册常考语法整理归纳 2025-2026学年外研版英语（2024）八年级上册

 

语法项目：现在完成时

常考易错点：

①现在完成时的谓语构成：助动词 have/has + 动词的过去分词。不规则动词的过去分词要牢记

②要注意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响

③already 常用于肯定句中，yet 常用于疑问句或否定句中

④含有 since 或 for 引导的时间状语的现在完成时中：since 作介词时后接时间点，作连词时所引导的从句用一般过去时；for 则加一段时间

   对 since 或 for 引导的时间状语提问用 how long，句中谓语动词为延续性动词。since 或 for 引导的时间状语可以进行同义转换

⑤当句中含有表示过去的时间状语时，不能用现在完成时

⑥要注意 have/has been to (去过)和 have/has gone to (去了)的区别

 

例句：

He has already finished doing his homework.他已经做完了他的家庭作业。

He hasn't finished doing his homework yet(否定句)他还没有做完他的家庭作业。

Have you found your ruler yet?你已经找到你的尺子了吗？

Since he was a child,he has lived in England. 自他是个孩子起，他就住在英格兰。

They have had the house since five years ago.他们已经拥有这所房子五年了。

How long have they been here?他们在这里多久了？

He has gone to Beijing.Have you been there? 他去北京了。你去过那儿吗？

 

语法项目：动词不定式和动名词作宾语

常考易错点：

①熟记后接动词不定式作宾语的动词或短语，如 want,plan, hope, wish, choose, decide, learn, refuse, expect, would like 等

②动词不定式的否定形式是 not to do sth

③熟记后接动名词作宾语的动词或短语，如 enjoy,finish, keep, mind, practise, suggest, feel like, give up 等

 

例句：

I want to learn English well.我想学好英语。

He hopes to become a famous writer.他希望成为一名著名的作家。

She decided to visit her grandparents next weekend.她决定下周末去看望她的祖父母。

I hope not to be late for the meeting.我希望开会不要迟到。

Did they enjoy eating mooncakes?他们喜欢吃月饼吗？

We finished cleaning the classroom.我们打扫完教室了。

 

语法项目：动词不定式作宾语补足语

常考易错点：

①熟记常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词，如 ask,tell, want, teach, invite, allow 等。

②熟记常见的接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词，如 make,let, have, see, hear, notice, watch 等。

③help 后可以接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，也可以接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

 

例句：

The teacher told the students to review the lessons before the exam.老师告诉学生们在考试前复习功课。

The school invited a famous scientist to give a lecture.学校邀请了一位著名的科学家来做讲座。

I heard him sing a song just now.我刚才听见他唱了一首歌。

I often help my mother(to) do the housework on weekends. 我经常在周末帮妈妈做家务。

 

语法项目：动词不定式作目的状语

常考易错点：

①含义：为了做某事。

②位置：可以放在句首，也可以放在句末。

 

例句：

She goes there to enjoy the fresh air.她去那儿享受新鲜空气。

To keep healthy,she exercises every morning. 为了保持健康，她每天早上锻炼。

He reads a lot of books to improve his knowledge.他阅读大量书籍以增长知识。

 

语法项目：过去进行时

常考易错点：

①表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，其谓语结构为：was/were+ 动词的现在分词（第一、三人称单数用 was）。

②肯定句结构：主语+ was/were + 动词的现在分词 + 其他。

③否定句结构：主语+ was/were + not + 动词的现在分词 + 其他。

④一般疑问句结构：Was/Were+ 主语 + 动词的现在分词 + 其他？肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were.否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.

 

例句：

I was having dinner at 7:00 yesterday evening.昨晚七点，我正在吃饭。

I was not having dinner at 7:00 yesterday evening.昨晚七点，我没在吃饭。

—Were you having dinner at 7:00 yesterday evening?昨晚七点你正在吃饭吗？

—Yes,I was. /No, I wasn't. 是的，我在吃。/不，我没有。

练习题

 

 习题一：单项选择（选择正确的选项完成句子）

1. He ______ in this city since he was born.

   A. lived  B. has lived  C. lives

 

2. My mother asked me ______ more vegetables.

   A. eat  B. to eat  C. eating

 

3. —Where is Mr. Wang?

   —He ______ to the library.

   A. has been  B. has gone  C. went

 

4. I enjoy ______ to music in my free time.

   A. listen  B. to listen  C. listening

 

5. They ______ basketball at 4:00 yesterday afternoon.

   A. played  B. were playing  C. are playing

 

6. It took me two hours ______ my homework.

   A. finish  B. to finish  C. finishing

 

7. The teacher made the student ______ the classroom again.

   A. clean  B. to clean  C. cleaning

 

8. We have known each other ______ five years.

   A. since  B. for  C. in

 

9. I saw him ______ into the room just now.

   A. go  B. to go  C. going

 

10. She decided ______ a new computer.

    A. buy  B. to buy  C. buying

 

 习题二：用所给词的适当形式填空

1. He ______ (read) a book when I called him last night.

2. I have already ______ (finish) my homework.

3. My parents want me ______ (become) a doctor.

4. We practise ______ (speak) English every day.

5. They ______ (play) football at this time yesterday.

6. She has ______ (teach) in this school for ten years.

7. The boy refused ______ (accept) the gift.

8. I heard her ______ (sing) in the next room.

9. He enjoys ______ (watch) movies on weekends.