精品解析：福建省厦门外国语学校2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题

厦外2023-2024学年第一学期高二12月份阶段性训练 英语试题 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话，每段对话后各有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。 例: How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. What will the man probably do for the woman? A. Help her with math. B. Ask for leave for her. C. Take her to the hospital. 2. What does the man want Mamie to do? A. Drink some coffee. B. Do her homework. C. Take a break. 3. Where are most of Osborn’s classmates from? A. The US. B. Canada. C. Britain. 4. What flowers are in the vase? A. Sunflowers. B. Lilies. C. Roses. 5. What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. A house. B. A picture. C. A gallery. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does the woman expect the man to do? A. Play games with Ted. B. Put away toys. C. Walk the dog. 7. Where is Simon? A. In the bedroom. B. In the yard. C. On the football court. 听第7段对话，回答第8至10题。 8. When does the boy plan to get up tomorrow? A. At 8:00 a. m. B. At 8:30 a. m. C. At 10:00 a. m. 9 What will the woman do tomorrow? A. Attend a conference. B. Wake the boy up. C. Go to the zoo. 10. With whom will the boy have dinner tomorrow? A. His father. B. His uncle. C. The woman. 听第8段对话，回答第11至13题。 11. Why does the man buy gifts today? A. For a graduation ceremony. B. For a wedding. C. For an anniversary. 12. What will the man buy? A. The white gold earrings. B. The diamond earrings. C. The yellow gold ring. 13. How much does the man need to pay? A. $2,000. B. $2,200. C. $3,000 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. What is the woman talking about at first? A. Cooking. B. A storyline. C. Her mother. 15. How does the man feel about Alice’s behavior? A. Understanding. B. Worried. C. Confused. 16. What is the woman going to do tomorrow? A. Bring the man a book. B. Take a helicopter. C. Go to a club. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 17. Where does the speaker live? A. In China. B. In Pakistan. C. In South Africa. 18. What did the local tour guide teach the speaker to do? A. Avoid altitude sickness. B. Keep himself warm. C. Rent a suitable car. 19. What do we know about the cash machine? A. People aren’t allowed to take photos of it. B. It can’t be used to pay electricity bills. C. It set a Guinness World Record. 20. Who is Atiya Saeed? A. A student. B. A teacher. C. A photographer 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Master Gardener Volunteers Wanted Why Become a Master Gardener? The Master Gardener program is an all-volunteer organization where you can develop your own leadership and teaching skills while teaching the younger youth about healthy eating, agriculture, and so on! Master Gardeners involve people in activities to improve their general well-being and overall enjoyment of life by helping them find sound management practices for home and urban natural resources, by creating pleasing environments through people-plant interactions and horticultural (园艺) therapy (疗法), and by contributing to a safe, abundant food supply through home fruit and vegetable production. What Qualifications Must You Meet? Anyone can apply to be a Master Gardener — you don’t need to be an expert or have a degree. You do, however, need to: ●Have certain experience or know a little about gardening or landscape management. ●Be willing to share horticulture information with others. ●Be willing to attend a training program and can devote time to volunteering and continuing education. Besides, to become a Master Gardener volunteer, each applicant needs to complete an application, prepare background screening paperwork and schedule an interview with Extension staff. What Does the Training Involve? Training sessions are offered one day a week over a three-month period and are led by expert educators in the region. Approximately 60 hours of classroom instruction and field study and 60 hours of volunteer internship (实习) work are required to complete the program and become certified. In order to remain a certified Master Gardener, 30 hours of volunteer work and 10 hours of continuing education or advanced training are required each year. 1. What does a Master Gardener do? A. Help raise people’s quality of life by horticulture. B. Promote horticultural practices for commerce. C. Teach the youth how to cook healthy diets. D. Train volunteers to help with gardening. 2. What is required if you want to apply to be a Master Gardener? A. Acquiring excellent teaching skills. B. Having some relevant knowledge. C. Completing given training sessions. D. Obtaining rich volunteer experience. 3. How long will it take to become a qualified Master Gardener? A. About 160 hours within a year. B. About 40 hours within a year. C. About 40 hours within three months. D. About 120 hours within three months. B Q: Last night I saw a comedian on TV making a joke about “old people smell”. I’d never heard of it before, so I did research and was worried to see that people say old people have the same bad smell. Now I’m worrying — do I smell? And if so, how can I get rid of it? —Edith, 76 A: Thank you for your email. I can certainly smell something, and I’m afraid to say that it’s the unpleasant odour (气味) of ageism. I doubt a comedian would dare say something like this about any other group of people. The fact that they feel able to do so shows how ageism is the last acceptable intolerance in our society. It’s morally wrong to group people based on their age. So, to answer your question: no, old people don’t smell. Body odour is the result of various factors. One thing I would note is that as we age, we tend to sweat less. As a result, sometimes older people don’t think they need to wash as frequently, especially when combined with mobility problems—meaning they find it difficult getting in and out of the shower, not realizing that they can still have body odour without sweating. There is also the issue of incontinence (失禁). While this can affect people of any age, it’s more common in old age and is also associated with a smell. There are plenty of treatments for incontinence, so this isn’t something that should arise. I’m sorry to say, but some doctors just blame incontinence for part of getting older. It’s not. The idea that old people smell just feeds into this, but my view is if someone does smell of urine due to incontinence, then this is the failure of doctors to provide adequate help. It’s to do with their incontinence, not their age. —Dr. Max Pemberton 4. According to the text, what is Edith’s top concern? A. A comedian’s joke about “old people smell”. B. Uncertainty of the research about getting old. C. Methods of getting rid of her body odour. D. Worry about old people having the same bad smell. 5. What does the underlined word “ageism” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Prejudice towards old age. B. Ageing problems. C. Failing health of the old. D. Concern for aged people. 6. Dr. Max Pemberton tries to persuade Edith mainly by________. A. showing understanding B. commenting on comedians C. offering practical advice D. analyzing possible reasons 7. Where is this text probably taken from? A. An academic paper. B. An autobiography. C. A health column. D. A medical treatment plan. C Pieter Bruegel’s 1565 realistic painting The Harvesters hangs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. “The work describes farmers cutting wheat nearly as tall as they are,” Ghent University biologist Ive De Smet says. “Nowadays, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see wheat is about knee-high, which is a consequence of selective breeding (培育) from the second half of the 20th century.” De Smet says he’s teaming up with art historian David Vergauwen of Amarant to look at things where they can spot differences in shape, in color, and in size. Wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can help track the transformation of food crops over time. Friends since childhood, they took interest in plants in artwork and began with a visit to the Hermitage Museum in Russia — where they noticed an odd-looking watermelon in an early-17th-century painting by Flemish artist Frans Snyders. “So if you think of a watermelon, you cut it through, it should be dark red on the inside. But that one appeared to be pale and white.” De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job. But Vergauwen said, “This is one of the best painters ever from that era. So if he paints it like that, that’s the way it must have been.” Other paintings showed that both red and white watermelons were raised during the 17th century. The team hopes to set up an online research database of historical plant artwork. They create a social media hashtag (主题标签) for it. Anyone could send pictures of relevant artwork and details of plants when they visit a museum or exhibit through the hashtag. But, they add, the sources need to be realistic. “If you’re going to use, for example, Picasso to understand how a pear looked, you might be misled.” 8. What can we learn from De Smet’s words in paragraph 1? A. Humans have mainly fed on wheat since 1565. B. Wheat has gone through great changes in height. C. The scene in The Harvesters may be unbelievable. D. Selective breeding affects agricultural structure. 9. What is Vergauwen’s attitude to the watermelon painted by Frans Snyders? A. Doubtful. B. Disapproving. C. Favorable. D. Curious. 10. Why is the social media hashtag created? A. To encourage people to focus on art. B. To collect more paintings for their database. C. To advertise their research database. D. To share some historical plant artwork. 11. What is the text mainly about? A. Ancient paintings focused on food crops. B. Two men create a database of plant artwork. C. Plants today are different from their ancestors. D. Old art reveals agricultural information. D The microbiome is the collection of all microbes (微生物), such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other life, which naturally live in an individual, be it a person or a plant. For humans and many other species, the best characterized microbiome centers on the bacteria in the gut (肠). The more microbiologists study these gut microbes, the more they link the bacteria to functions of their hosts. In humans, gut bacteria influence how the body responds to disease-causing bacteria, or interact with the brain, affecting the mood. Andrew Moeller is an evolutionary biologist at Cornell University. Six years ago, he and his colleagues reported the work showing human gut microbes are very similar to those in other primates (灵长类), suggesting their presence predates the evolution of humans. But his follow-up studies indicate the human gut microbiome has changed greatly, compared with our current primate cousins. He found 85 microbial varieties in the guts of wild monkeys, but just 55 in people in US cities. Besides, people in less developed parts of the world have between 60 and 65 of those bacterial groups. “Changes in diet as humans moved on from their hunter-gatherer past and into cities, antibiotic (抗生素) use, more life stresses, and better hygiene are all possible contributors to that great change in gut microbes,” says Reshmi Upreti, a microbiologist at the University of Washington, Bothell. Several researchers have argued that this lower diversity could contribute to increases in various diseases. However, Kyle Meyer, a microbiologist at UC Berkeley, argues such loses are not necessarily a problem. “Maybe we don’t need them,” he points out. But Moeller is worried. “We are really doing some scary stuff to our microbiomes,” he warns. Moeller and others also suggest identifying the missing microbes may be the first step in bringing them back. “If we determine that these groups were providing important functions to keep humans healthy,“Upreti says, “perhaps we can restore them by introducing probiotics (益生菌) to the digestive system through foods and supplements.” 12. What conclusion do microbiologists probably draw about gut microbes? A. They are crucial to humans’ health. B. They can easily adapt to new hosts. C. They encourage the growth of disease-causing bacteria. D. They vary greatly from individual to individual. 13. What do Andrew Moeller’s follow-up studies imply? A. Humans need fewer gut microbes to digest than other primates. B. The variety of human gut microbes has reduced greatly. C. Human gut microbes are very similar to those in monkeys. D. The presence of gut microbes accelerates the evolution of humans. 14. What does Reshmi Upreti suggest? A Ignoring the loss of microbes. B. Recognizing the lost microbes. C. Regaining the lost microbes through balanced diets. D. Recovering the lost microbes with the help of probiotics. 15. What would be the best title for the text? A. The importance of Microbiome to Primates B. The Wide Diversity of Human Microbiome C. The Loss of Gut Bacteria in Modern Humans D. The Number of Gut Bacteria in Different Species 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 As human beings, our ability to predict and prevent trouble is one of those superpowers that set us apart from birds and beasts. ___16___ Dr. Michelle Newman, director of the Laboratory for Anxiety and Depression Research at Pennsylvania State University, presents some characteristics of out-of-control worrying, like focusing on things over which you have no control, or which have a low probability of happening, and “catastrophizing” them. Worrying about a loved one who’s driving and picturing the horrible consequences of an accident is one example. ___17___ Constant worrying and anxiety can increase your blood pressure and heart rate, which has been linked to a higher risk for cardiovascular (心脏血管的) diseases. Anxiety can also over activate your immune system. But isn’t there a benefit to lots of worrying? After all, if your mind is dealing with emergencies and potential threats, you can act now to prevent them, right? ___18___ “Mostly worrying becomes a process to itself that doesn’t lead to problem solving or helping you in any way,” she says. “If you’re worrying about something,” she says, “you’re not taking steps to address the source of your worry, if that’s even possible.” In fact, worry is really a failure to live in the moment, Newman says. ___19___ Exercise, massage and other things that relieve physical tension are also helpful, she says. ___20___ Select a spot you can get to easily every day, but that isn’t a place where you normally spend time, Newman advises. Your goal is to give yourself 20 or 30 minutes a day in that space, devoted only to worrying. “The rest of the day, you tell yourself you aren’t going to worry because you will at that time and place,” Newman explains. “The idea is that by setting apart your worry, you can control it.” A. That’s bad news for several reasons. B. Unfortunately, Newman opposes this idea. C. Activities like yoga that attempt to comfort your mind to the present may help. D. Focusing on a favorite relaxing setting has also proven worry-reducing benefits. E. But nonstop worrying can ruin your life and your immune system to some degree. F. Imagining issues that might lead to your losing your job and your home is another. G Another great way to control your worry is to set aside a specific time and place for it. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分3分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 After ten years of working for a Wall Street bank, I determined to go beyond a nine-to-five job. Scanning advertisements, I learned a financial company was to hire more consultants. With great excitement, I made a(n) ___21___ with a branch president. That day, it went so well that I was ___22___ he would hire me on the spot ___23___ , he told me to come back for 12 more interviews with his top salespeople! Over the next five months, every one of them ___24___ me from working as a consultant in finance. “You are better off in a safe nine-to-five job.” “Eighty percent of newcomers fail within their first year.” The more they attacked my dream, the more my stomach ___25___ . I realized I would have to “fake it till I make it”, though. Eventually, the last interview with the president came. “You’ve got the job!” he announced, and then added, “On one ___26___ that you must resign, participate in our training and take an exam.” I accepted. “It’s 250 questions long and you must pass it without one point lost on the first ___27___ !” I nearly choked at the prospect of taking a huge leap of faith into the unknown. However attracted by this great ___28___ and the courage I had never had, I ___29___ hard and said, “I’ll take it.” As instructed, I cut my lifeline to the bank and leapt into ___30___ waters. After the training, I took the exam and when the scores were displayed, I let out a loud sigh of ___31___ . My experience ___32___ the truth of Thoreau’s words: “If one advances ___33___ in the direction of his dreams and ___34___ to live the life which he had imagined, he will meet success ___35___ in common hours.” 21. A. appointment B. arrangement C. prediction D. decision 22. A. glad B. skeptical C. negative D. positive 23. A. Thus B. Moreover C. Instead D. Then 24. A. separated B. discouraged C. banned D. dismissed 25. A. loosened B. changed C. tightened D. swelled 26. A. situation B. condition C. position D. occasion 27. A. question B. point C. day D. try 28. A. achievement B. advertisement C. risk D. firm 29. A. swallowed B. shook C. clapped D. worked 30. A. still B. unproven C. rough D. known 31. A. belief B. sorrow C. relief D. regret 32. A. recognized B. tested C. contradicted D. confirmed 33 A. confidently B. freely C. randomly D. lonely 34. A. threatens B. agrees C. attempts D. promises 35. A. unexpected B. unfinished C. unfamiliar D. unpractical 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Lucy Black recently became the youngest person to travel to every country in the world. By the age of 23, she has visited all the countries in an effort to challenge ______36______ (she) and push the limits of ______37______ she believed was possible for a female traveler. Lucy ______38______ (primary) used planes, boats, and trains to get around. It was not all plain sailing and there were many difficulties Lucy met, including ______39______ (arrange) visas to enter some countries. But the challenges ______40______ (outweigh) by the memorable experiences on her way. “There’re so many incredible experiences that can come out of traveling alone because you arc more open to the connections with the ______41______ (local) than you would be in a big group,” she said. Lucy had the pleasure of meeting ______42______ variety of people and experiencing different cultures. But the most ______43______ (value) experience of all was discovering a new sense of independence, she said. For Lucy, nothing beats traveling, which she described ______44______ her favorite part of being alive. _______45_______ I would be lying if I said 1 wasn’t enjoying taking time over the past year to recover from all the wear and tear I have done to my body over the past three years,” she added. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 你校英语俱乐部将举办英语演讲比赛，请以Family Education Shapes Me为主题，写一篇演讲稿，内容包括： 1. 你所接受的家庭教育(parenting style/pattern); 2. 成长的启示。 Family Education Shapes Me ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was a broke university student. I should have been going to university on a scholarship because I came from a low-income family, but a last-minute £100-a-year pay rise for my mum pushed my family over the threshold (门槛) for what defined “low-income” and I was suddenly no longer qualified for £15,000 a year in scholarship money. This news came after I’d been accepted by the university and signed the lease (租约) for my accommodation. Despite my family not being labelled low-income anymore, I still wouldn’t receive any financial support from my family as all the income went toward taking care of my disabled brother and paying their own bills. It would be tight, but because I had savings from my part-time job, I decided to go to university anyway. After paying my rent, I had £10.20 a week for everything else including food, toiletries, and school supplies. As I was in a new city, I really wanted to make friends, which was difficult when most of the social activities were expensive. Therefore, I jumped at the chance to do a relatively cheap coffee shop trip with my roommates who were pleasant to me. I had £20 with me to get a cheap cup of coffee and my food shopping for a few weeks. So I headed for the coffee shop. While paying, I pulled out the note and a handful of change and realized I could pay without breaking the note, so I put it back in my pocket. It wasn’t until I arrived at the supermarket that I realized the note was gone. What should I do? I was desperate it was the equivalent (相等物) of two weeks of money. My roommates helped me look for the note. However, it was in vain. Finally, I went to school empty-handed. 注意： (1) 续写词数应为150词左右； (2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 P1: As a final attempt, I messaged the coffee shop’s Facebook page asking if they’d seen it. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ P2: I said, “Oh, ...This isn’t mine; my note was an old worn one.” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 厦外2023-2024学年第一学期高二12月份阶段性训练 英语试题 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话，每段对话后各有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。 例: How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. What will the man probably do for the woman? A. Help her with math. B. Ask for leave for her. C. Take her to the hospital. 2. What does the man want Mamie to do? A. Drink some coffee. B. Do her homework. C. Take a break. 3. Where are most of Osborn’s classmates from? A. The US. B. Canada. C. Britain. 4. What flowers are in the vase? A. Sunflowers. B. Lilies. C. Roses. 5. What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. A house. B. A picture. C. A gallery. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does the woman expect the man to do? A. Play games with Ted. B. Put away toys. C. Walk the dog. 7. Where is Simon? A. In the bedroom. B. In the yard. C. On the football court. 听第7段对话，回答第8至10题。 8. When does the boy plan to get up tomorrow? A. At 8:00 a. m. B. At 8:30 a. m. C. At 10:00 a. m. 9. What will the woman do tomorrow? A. Attend a conference. B. Wake the boy up. C. Go to the zoo. 10. With whom will the boy have dinner tomorrow? A. His father. B. His uncle. C. The woman. 听第8段对话，回答第11至13题。 11. Why does the man buy gifts today? A. For a graduation ceremony. B. For a wedding. C. For an anniversary. 12. What will the man buy? A. The white gold earrings. B. The diamond earrings. C. The yellow gold ring. 13. How much does the man need to pay? A. $2,000. B. $2,200. C. $3,000 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. What is the woman talking about at first? A. Cooking. B. A storyline. C. Her mother. 15. How does the man feel about Alice’s behavior? A. Understanding. B. Worried. C. Confused. 16. What is the woman going to do tomorrow? A. Bring the man a book. B. Take a helicopter. C. Go to a club. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 17. Where does the speaker live? A. In China. B. In Pakistan. C. In South Africa. 18. What did the local tour guide teach the speaker to do? A. Avoid altitude sickness. B. Keep himself warm. C. Rent a suitable car. 19. What do we know about the cash machine? A. People aren’t allowed to take photos of it. B. It can’t be used to pay electricity bills. C. It set a Guinness World Record. 20. Who is Atiya Saeed? A. A student. B. A teacher. C. A photographer 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Master Gardener Volunteers Wanted Why Become a Master Gardener? The Master Gardener program is an all-volunteer organization where you can develop your own leadership and teaching skills while teaching the younger youth about healthy eating, agriculture, and so on! Master Gardeners involve people in activities to improve their general well-being and overall enjoyment of life by helping them find sound management practices for home and urban natural resources, by creating pleasing environments through people-plant interactions and horticultural (园艺) therapy (疗法), and by contributing to a safe, abundant food supply through home fruit and vegetable production. What Qualifications Must You Meet? Anyone can apply to be a Master Gardener — you don’t need to be an expert or have a degree. You do, however, need to: ●Have certain experience or know a little about gardening or landscape management. ●Be willing to share horticulture information with others. ●Be willing to attend a training program and can devote time to volunteering and continuing education. Besides, to become a Master Gardener volunteer, each applicant needs to complete an application, prepare background screening paperwork and schedule an interview with Extension staff. What Does the Training Involve? Training sessions are offered one day a week over a three-month period and are led by expert educators in the region. Approximately 60 hours of classroom instruction and field study and 60 hours of volunteer internship (实习) work are required to complete the program and become certified. In order to remain a certified Master Gardener, 30 hours of volunteer work and 10 hours of continuing education or advanced training are required each year. 1. What does a Master Gardener do? A. Help raise people’s quality of life by horticulture. B. Promote horticultural practices for commerce. C Teach the youth how to cook healthy diets. D. Train volunteers to help with gardening. 2. What is required if you want to apply to be a Master Gardener? A. Acquiring excellent teaching skills. B. Having some relevant knowledge. C. Completing given training sessions. D. Obtaining rich volunteer experience. 3. How long will it take to become a qualified Master Gardener? A. About 160 hours within a year. B. About 40 hours within a year. C. About 40 hours within three months. D. About 120 hours within three months. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了园艺大师志愿者项目相关信息，包括成为园艺大师的作用、申请资质以及培训内容等。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Master Gardeners involve people in activities to improve their general well - being and overall enjoyment of life by helping them find sound management practices for home and urban natural resources, by creating pleasing environments through people - plant interactions and horticultural (园艺) therapy (疗法), and by contributing to a safe, abundant food supply through home fruit and vegetable production.(园艺大师通过帮助人们找到家庭和城市自然资源的有效管理方法，通过人与植物的互动和园艺疗法创造宜人的环境，以及通过家庭水果和蔬菜生产为安全、丰富的食物供应做出贡献，使人们参与到活动中来，提高他们的总体幸福感和整体生活享受。)”可知，园艺大师通过园艺疗法帮助提高人们的生活质量，故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据“What Qualifications Must You Meet?”部分中的“Have certain experience or know a little about gardening or landscape management.(有一定的经验或了解一点园艺或景观管理。)”可知，如果你想申请成为园艺大师，需要有一定的相关知识。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据“What Does the Training Involve?”部分中的“Training sessions are offered one day a week over a three-month period and are led by expert educators in the region. Approximately 60 hours of classroom instruction and field study and 60 hours of volunteer internship (实习) work are required to complete the program and become certified.(培训课程为期三个月，每周开展一次，由该地区的资深教育工作者授课。学员需完成总计约 60 小时的课堂教学与实地研习，以及 60 小时的志愿实习工作，方可结业并取得相关认证。) ”可知，成为合格的园艺大师在三个月内大约需要120小时（60 + 60）。故选D。 B Q: Last night I saw a comedian on TV making a joke about “old people smell”. I’d never heard of it before, so I did research and was worried to see that people say old people have the same bad smell. Now I’m worrying — do I smell? And if so, how can I get rid of it? —Edith, 76 A: Thank you for your email. I can certainly smell something, and I’m afraid to say that it’s the unpleasant odour (气味) of ageism. I doubt a comedian would dare say something like this about any other group of people. The fact that they feel able to do so shows how ageism is the last acceptable intolerance in our society. It’s morally wrong to group people based on their age. So, to answer your question: no, old people don’t smell. Body odour is the result of various factors. One thing I would note is that as we age, we tend to sweat less. As a result, sometimes older people don’t think they need to wash as frequently, especially when combined with mobility problems—meaning they find it difficult getting in and out of the shower, not realizing that they can still have body odour without sweating. There is also the issue of incontinence (失禁). While this can affect people of any age, it’s more common in old age and is also associated with a smell. There are plenty of treatments for incontinence, so this isn’t something that should arise. I’m sorry to say, but some doctors just blame incontinence for part of getting older. It’s not. The idea that old people smell just feeds into this, but my view is if someone does smell of urine due to incontinence, then this is the failure of doctors to provide adequate help. It’s to do with their incontinence, not their age. —Dr. Max Pemberton 4. According to the text, what is Edith’s top concern? A. A comedian’s joke about “old people smell”. B. Uncertainty of the research about getting old. C. Methods of getting rid of her body odour. D. Worry about old people having the same bad smell. 5. What does the underlined word “ageism” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Prejudice towards old age. B. Ageing problems. C. Failing health of the old. D. Concern for aged people. 6. Dr. Max Pemberton tries to persuade Edith mainly by________. A. showing understanding B. commenting on comedians C. offering practical advice D. analyzing possible reasons 7. Where is this text probably taken from? A. An academic paper. B. An autobiography. C. A health column. D. A medical treatment plan. 【答案】4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。76岁的Edith老人因某脱口秀演员取笑年纪大的人身上有难闻的“老人味”，向医生Max Pemberton提问请教，Max Pemberton给予了专业细致的解释，反驳了“老人都有体味”的偏见。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I’d never heard of it before, so I did research and was worried to see that people say old people have the same bad smell. Now I’m worrying-do I smell? And if so, how can I get rid of it?(我以前从未听说过，所以我做了调查，看到人们说老年人也有同样的臭味，我很担心。现在我担心了——我有味道吗?如果是这样，我该如何摆脱它?)”可知，Edith最关心的是担心老人有同样的臭味。故选D。 【5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的““I doubt a comedian would dare say something like this about any other group of people. The fact that they feel able to do so shows how ageism is the last acceptable intolerance in our society. It’s morally wrong to group people based on their age.”(我怀疑一个喜剧演员敢对其他任何群体说这样的话。他们之所以觉得可以这么做，恰恰说明ageism是当今社会最后一种被默许的偏见。基于年龄将人归类在道德上是错误的。)”可知，喜剧演员随意拿“老人味”开涮，是对老年人群体的不公平看待，由此推测“ageism”的含义是对老年人的偏见。故选A项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Body odour is the result of various factors. One thing I would note is that as we age, we tend to sweat less. As a result, sometimes older people don’t think they need to wash as frequently, especially when combined with mobility problems—meaning they find it difficult getting in and out of the shower, not realising that they can still have body odour without sweating.(体味是多种因素共同作用的结果。我要注意的一件事是，随着年龄的增长，我们往往会出汗更少。因此，有时老年人认为他们不需要那么频繁地洗澡，尤其是在行动不便的情况下——这意味着他们很难进出淋浴，没有意识到他们在不出汗的情况下仍然会有体味。)”可知，Max Pemberton医生试图通过分析可能的原因来说服Edith。故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Now I’m worrying-do I smell? And if so, how can I get rid of it?( 现在我很担心——我身上有味道吗?如果是的话，我怎么才能摆脱它呢?)”以及文章一问一答的篇章展开模式可推知，文章可能来自健康专栏。故选C。 C Pieter Bruegel’s 1565 realistic painting The Harvesters hangs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. “The work describes farmers cutting wheat nearly as tall as they are,” Ghent University biologist Ive De Smet says. “Nowadays, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see wheat is about knee-high, which is a consequence of selective breeding (培育) from the second half of the 20th century.” De Smet says he’s teaming up with art historian David Vergauwen of Amarant to look at things where they can spot differences in shape, in color, and in size. Wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can help track the transformation of food crops over time. Friends since childhood, they took interest in plants in artwork and began with a visit to the Hermitage Museum in Russia — where they noticed an odd-looking watermelon in an early-17th-century painting by Flemish artist Frans Snyders. “So if you think of a watermelon, you cut it through, it should be dark red on the inside. But that one appeared to be pale and white.” De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job. But Vergauwen said, “This is one of the best painters ever from that era. So if he paints it like that, that’s the way it must have been.” Other paintings showed that both red and white watermelons were raised during the 17th century. The team hopes to set up an online research database of historical plant artwork. They create a social media hashtag (主题标签) for it. Anyone could send pictures of relevant artwork and details of plants when they visit a museum or exhibit through the hashtag. But, they add, the sources need to be realistic. “If you’re going to use, for example, Picasso to understand how a pear looked, you might be misled.” 8. What can we learn from De Smet’s words in paragraph 1? A. Humans have mainly fed on wheat since 1565. B. Wheat has gone through great changes in height. C. The scene in The Harvesters may be unbelievable. D. Selective breeding affects agricultural structure. 9. What is Vergauwen’s attitude to the watermelon painted by Frans Snyders? A. Doubtful. B. Disapproving. C. Favorable. D. Curious. 10. Why is the social media hashtag created? A. To encourage people to focus on art. B. To collect more paintings for their database. C. To advertise their research database. D. To share some historical plant artwork. 11. What is the text mainly about? A. Ancient paintings focused on food crops. B. Two men create a database of plant artwork. C. Plants today are different from their ancestors. D. Old art reveals agricultural information. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以在大都会艺术博物馆展出的一幅1565年的绘画作品“The Harvesters”为例，结合其它艺术作品，说明了可以通过过去的艺术作品了解当时的农业情况。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The work describes farmers cutting wheat nearly as tall as they are,(这幅作品描述的是农民割几乎和他们一样高的麦子)”和“Nowadays, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see wheat is about knee-high, which is a consequence of selective breeding from the second half of the 20th century.(如今，如果你走过一块麦田，你基本上会看到小麦大约有膝盖那么高，这是20世纪下半叶选择性育种的结果)”可知，小麦的高度由一人高变成齐膝高，在高度上经历了很大的变化。故选B。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“But Vergauwen said, “This is one of the best painters ever from that era. So if he paints it like that, that’s the way it must have been.”(但Vergauwen说：“这是那个时代最好画家之一。所以如果他把它画成那样，那就一定是那样的。”)”可知，Vergauwen认为Frans Snyders画的西瓜是真实的，表示支持。故选C。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The team hopes to set up an online research database of historical plant artwork. They create a social media hashtag (主题标签) for it.(该团队希望建立一个历史植物艺术品的在线研究数据库，他们为此创建了一个社交媒体标签)”和“ Anyone could send pictures of relevant artwork and details of plants when they visit a museum or exhibit through the hashtag.(任何人在参观博物馆或展览时都可以通过这个标签发送相关艺术作品的图片和植物的细节)”可知，社交媒体标签被创建是为了收集更多的与植物有关的绘画作品，建立一个在线数据库，提供研究资源。故选B。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can help track the transformation of food crops over time.(小麦只是历史艺术作品如何帮助追踪粮食作物随时间而变化的一个例子)”并结合全文内容可知，本文通过在大都会艺术博物馆展出的一幅1565年的绘画作品“The Harvesters”，看到了小麦的变化，反映了当时的农业情况；并结合其它艺术作品，说明过去的艺术作品可以展现当时的农业情况。故选D。 D The microbiome is the collection of all microbes (微生物), such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other life, which naturally live in an individual, be it a person or a plant. For humans and many other species, the best characterized microbiome centers on the bacteria in the gut (肠). The more microbiologists study these gut microbes, the more they link the bacteria to functions of their hosts. In humans, gut bacteria influence how the body responds to disease-causing bacteria, or interact with the brain, affecting the mood. Andrew Moeller is an evolutionary biologist at Cornell University. Six years ago, he and his colleagues reported the work showing human gut microbes are very similar to those in other primates (灵长类), suggesting their presence predates the evolution of humans. But his follow-up studies indicate the human gut microbiome has changed greatly, compared with our current primate cousins. He found 85 microbial varieties in the guts of wild monkeys, but just 55 in people in US cities. Besides, people in less developed parts of the world have between 60 and 65 of those bacterial groups. “Changes in diet as humans moved on from their hunter-gatherer past and into cities, antibiotic (抗生素) use, more life stresses, and better hygiene are all possible contributors to that great change in gut microbes,” says Reshmi Upreti, a microbiologist at the University of Washington, Bothell. Several researchers have argued that this lower diversity could contribute to increases in various diseases. However, Kyle Meyer, a microbiologist at UC Berkeley, argues such loses are not necessarily a problem. “Maybe we don’t need them,” he points out. But Moeller is worried. “We are really doing some scary stuff to our microbiomes,” he warns. Moeller and others also suggest identifying the missing microbes may be the first step in bringing them back. “If we determine that these groups were providing important functions to keep humans healthy,“Upreti says, “perhaps we can restore them by introducing probiotics (益生菌) to the digestive system through foods and supplements.” 12. What conclusion do microbiologists probably draw about gut microbes? A. They are crucial to humans’ health. B. They can easily adapt to new hosts. C. They encourage the growth of disease-causing bacteria. D. They vary greatly from individual to individual. 13. What do Andrew Moeller’s follow-up studies imply? A. Humans need fewer gut microbes to digest than other primates. B. The variety of human gut microbes has reduced greatly. C. Human gut microbes are very similar to those in monkeys. D. The presence of gut microbes accelerates the evolution of humans. 14. What does Reshmi Upreti suggest? A. Ignoring the loss of microbes. B. Recognizing the lost microbes. C. Regaining the lost microbes through balanced diets. D. Recovering the lost microbes with the help of probiotics. 15. What would be the best title for the text? A. The importance of Microbiome to Primates B. The Wide Diversity of Human Microbiome C. The Loss of Gut Bacteria in Modern Humans D. The Number of Gut Bacteria in Different Species 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了微生物学家通过对肠道菌群的研究发现，人类在进化过程中，肠道微生物的种类减少了很多，并在最后提出，如果确定失去的菌群如果有益健康，就要想办法恢复他们。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“The more microbiologists study these gut microbes, the more they link the bacteria to functions of their hosts. In humans, gut bacteria influence how the body responds to disease-causing bacteria, or interact with the brain, affecting the mood.(微生物学家对这些肠道微生物研究得越多，就越能将细菌与宿主的功能联系起来。在人类中，肠道细菌会影响身体对致病细菌的反应，或与大脑相互作用，影响情绪)”可知，微生物学家通过研究，认为肠道微生物群对人类健康至关重要。故选A项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“But his follow-up studies indicate the human gut microbiome has changed greatly, compared with our current primate cousins. He found 85 microbial varieties in the guts of wild monkeys, but just 55 in people in US cities. Besides, people in less developed parts of the world have between 60 and 65 of those bacterial groups.(但他的后续研究表明，与我们目前的灵长类近亲相比，人类肠道微生物群发生了巨大变化。他在野生猴子的肠道中发现了85种微生物，但在美国城市居民的肠道中只有55种。此外，世界上欠发达地区的人有60到65个这样的细菌群)”可以推断，人类在进化过程中，肠道微生物的种类减少了很多。故选B项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段““If we determine that these groups were providing important functions to keep humans healthy,“Upreti says, “perhaps we can restore them by introducing probiotics (益生菌) to the digestive system through foods and supplements.”( “如果我们确定这些菌群为保持人类健康提供了重要功能，”乌普雷蒂说，“也许我们可以通过食物和补充剂向消化系统引入益生菌来恢复它们”)”可知，Upreti建议，确定失去的那些菌群对人类健康有益，那就借助益生菌来恢复它们，restore与recover意思相近，意为“使恢复”。故选D项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The more microbiologists study these gut microbes, the more they link the bacteria to functions of their hosts.(微生物学家对这些肠道微生物研究得越多，就越能将细菌与宿主的功能联系起来)”及第二段“But his follow-up studies indicate the human gut microbiome has changed greatly, compared with our current primate cousins. He found 85 microbial varieties in the guts of wild monkeys, but just 55 in people in US cities. (但他的后续研究表明，与我们目前的灵长类近亲相比，人类肠道微生物群发生了巨大变化。他在野生猴子的肠道中发现了85种微生物，但在美国城市居民的肠道中只有55种)”可知，文章主要讲述了微生物学家通过对肠道菌群的研究发现，人类在进化过程中，肠道微生物的种类减少了很多，并在最后提出，如果确定失去的菌群如果有益健康，就要想办法恢复他们，C项“现代人类肠道细菌的流失”符合句意。故选C项。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 As human beings, our ability to predict and prevent trouble is one of those superpowers that set us apart from birds and beasts. ___16___ Dr. Michelle Newman, director of the Laboratory for Anxiety and Depression Research at Pennsylvania State University, presents some characteristics of out-of-control worrying, like focusing on things over which you have no control, or which have a low probability of happening, and “catastrophizing” them. Worrying about a loved one who’s driving and picturing the horrible consequences of an accident is one example. ___17___ Constant worrying and anxiety can increase your blood pressure and heart rate, which has been linked to a higher risk for cardiovascular (心脏血管的) diseases. Anxiety can also over activate your immune system. But isn’t there a benefit to lots of worrying? After all, if your mind is dealing with emergencies and potential threats, you can act now to prevent them, right? ___18___ “Mostly worrying becomes a process to itself that doesn’t lead to problem solving or helping you in any way,” she says. “If you’re worrying about something,” she says, “you’re not taking steps to address the source of your worry, if that’s even possible.” In fact worry is really a failure to live in the moment, Newman says. ___19___ Exercise, massage and other things that relieve physical tension are also helpful, she says. ___20___ Select a spot you can get to easily every day, but that isn’t a place where you normally spend time, Newman advises. Your goal is to give yourself 20 or 30 minutes a day in that space, devoted only to worrying. “The rest of the day, you tell yourself you aren’t going to worry because you will at that time and place,” Newman explains. “The idea is that by setting apart your worry, you can control it.” A. That’s bad news for several reasons. B. Unfortunately, Newman opposes this idea. C. Activities like yoga that attempt to comfort your mind to the present may help. D. Focusing on a favorite relaxing setting has also proven worry-reducing benefits. E. But nonstop worrying can ruin your life and your immune system to some degree. F. Imagining issues that might lead to your losing your job and your home is another. G. Another great way to control your worry is to set aside a specific time and place for it. 【答案】16. E 17. F 18. B 19. C 20. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作为人类，我们预测和预防麻烦的能力是将我们与鸟类和野兽区分开来的超能力之一，但是无休止的担忧会在一定程度上毁掉你的生活和免疫系统。文章介绍了一些有助于缓解焦虑的方法。 【16题详解】 根据上文“As human beings, our ability to predict and prevent trouble is one of those superpowers that set us apart from birds and beasts.(作为人类，我们预测和预防麻烦的能力是将我们与鸟类和野兽区分开来的超能力之一)”结合后文说明了过度担忧带来的问题，可知本句与上文构成转折关系，故E选项“但是无休止的担忧会在一定程度上毁掉你的生活和免疫系统”符合语境，故选E。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Worrying about a loved one who’s driving and picturing the horrible consequences of an accident is one example.(一个例子是，担心一个正在开车的爱人，想象一场事故的可怕后果)”可知，上文提到了想象，F选项中Imagining对应上文中picturing。故F选项“想象可能导致你失去工作和房子的问题是另一个问题”符合语境，列举了两个具体的例子。故选F。 【18题详解】 根据上文“After all, if your mind is dealing with emergencies and potential threats, you can act now to prevent them, right?(毕竟，如果你一直在思考应对突发状况和潜在威胁，你就可以未雨绸缪，防患于未然，不是吗？)”以及后文““Mostly worrying becomes a process to itself that doesn’t lead to problem solving or helping you in any way,” she says. “If you’re worrying about something,” she says, “you’re not taking steps to address the source of your worry, if that’s even possible.”(她说：“大多数情况下，担忧只停滞于这一过程本身，并不能使问题得到解决，也不能在任何方面对你有所帮助。”她说。“如果你正在担忧某件事，那并不表示你在采取措施解决问题，即使这个问题可能确实存在解决办法。”)”可知，后文主要说明了纽曼反对人们采取行动来预防，与上文是转折关系，故B选项“不幸的是，纽曼反对这个想法”符合语境，故选B。 【19题详解】 根据后文“Exercise, massage and other things that relieve physical tension are also helpful, she says.(她说，锻炼、按摩和其他可以缓解身体紧张的事情也很有帮助)”可知，后文提到锻炼等活动可以缓解身体紧张，故C选项“像瑜伽这样试图安慰你当下的心灵的活动可能会有帮助”符合语境，故选C。 【20题详解】 根据后文“Select a spot you can get to easily every day, but that isn’t a place where you normally spend time, Newman advises. Your goal is to give yourself 20 or 30 minutes a day in that space, devoted only to worrying. “The rest of the day, you tell yourself you aren’t going to worry because you will at that time and place,” Newman explains. “The idea is that by setting apart your worry, you can control it.”(选择一个你每天都能轻松到达的地方，但这不是你通常花时间去的地方，Newman建议。你的目标是每天给自己20到30分钟的时间，专注于担忧。“剩下的时间里，你告诉自己不用担心，因为到时候你会担心的，”纽曼解释道。“这个想法是说，通过把你的担忧分开，你可以控制它。”)”可知，本段的主旨是给焦虑留出特定的时间和地点来缓解，故G选项“另一个控制焦虑的好方法是为它留出一个特定的时间和地点”符合语境，故选G。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分3分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 After ten years of working for a Wall Street bank, I determined to go beyond a nine-to-five job. Scanning advertisements, I learned a financial company was to hire more consultants. With great excitement, I made a(n) ___21___ with a branch president. That day, it went so well that I was ___22___ he would hire me on the spot ___23___ , he told me to come back for 12 more interviews with his top salespeople! Over the next five months, every one of them ___24___ me from working as a consultant in finance. “You are better off in a safe nine-to-five job.” “Eighty percent of newcomers fail within their first year.” The more they attacked my dream, the more my stomach ___25___ . I realized I would have to “fake it till I make it”, though. Eventually, the last interview with the president came. “You’ve got the job!” he announced, and then added, “On one ___26___ that you must resign, participate in our training and take an exam.” I accepted. “It’s 250 questions long and you must pass it without one point lost on the first ___27___ !” I nearly choked at the prospect of taking a huge leap of faith into the unknown. However, attracted by this great ___28___ and the courage I had never had, I ___29___ hard and said, “I’ll take it.” As instructed, I cut my lifeline to the bank and leapt into ___30___ waters. After the training, I took the exam and when the scores were displayed, I let out a loud sigh of ___31___ . My experience ___32___ the truth of Thoreau’s words: “If one advances ___33___ in the direction of his dreams and ___34___ to live the life which he had imagined, he will meet success ___35___ in common hours.” 21. A. appointment B. arrangement C. prediction D. decision 22. A. glad B. skeptical C. negative D. positive 23. A. Thus B. Moreover C. Instead D. Then 24. A. separated B. discouraged C. banned D. dismissed 25. A. loosened B. changed C. tightened D. swelled 26. A. situation B. condition C. position D. occasion 27 A. question B. point C. day D. try 28. A. achievement B. advertisement C. risk D. firm 29. A. swallowed B. shook C. clapped D. worked 30. A. still B. unproven C. rough D. known 31. A. belief B. sorrow C. relief D. regret 32. A. recognized B. tested C. contradicted D. confirmed 33. A. confidently B. freely C. randomly D. lonely 34. A. threatens B. agrees C. attempts D. promises 35. A. unexpected B. unfinished C. unfamiliar D. unpractical 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了作者辞掉了朝九晚五的工作，成功挑战一份新工作“金融顾问”的面试过程。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我非常兴奋，与一位分会会长进行了预约。A. appointment约会，预约；B. arrangement安排；C. prediction预测；D. decision决定。根据前文“Scanning advertisements, I learned a financial company was to hire more consultants. ”可知，看到广告招聘，故作者和负责人做了预约进行应聘。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天，一切进展顺利，我确信他会当场雇用我。相反，他告诉我再回来参加他的12次顶级销售人员的面试。A. glad愉快的，高兴的；B. skeptical怀疑的；C. negative消极的；D. positive积极的，确定的。根据前文“it went so well ”可知，作者确定他当场会雇佣作者。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. Thus因此；B. Moreover此外；C. Instead相反；D. Then然后。根据后文“he told me to come back for 12 more interviews with his top salespeople!”可知，此处与前文构成转折关系。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的五个月中，每个人都劝我不要做金融顾问。A. separated分离；B. discouraged劝阻；C. banned禁止；D. dismissed辞退。根据后文“You are better off in a safe nine-to-five job.”可知，面试官们劝阻作者不要去做这份工作，而是做一份朝九晚五的工作。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们越是攻击我的梦想，我的胃就越紧。A. loosened松垮；B. changed改变；C. tightened缩紧；D. swelled膨胀。根据“The more they attacked my dream,”可知，作者在面试官的打击下，作者胃部难受。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但有一个条件是，您必须辞职，参加我们的培训并参加考试。A. situation形势；B. condition条件；C. position位置；D. occasion场合。根据“ you must resign, participate in our training and take an exam.”可知，面试官提供给作者该工作是有条件的。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有250个问题，并且你必须在第一次尝试中不丢掉一分。A. question问题；B. point分数；C. day天；D. try尝试。根据“without one point lost ”可知，此处强调面试官要求或者在第一次的尝试中不丢掉一分。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个巨大的冒险和我从未有过的勇气吸引了我，我用力咽了咽口水，说：“我接受”。A. achievement成就；B. advertisement广告；C. risk冒险；D. firm公司。根据前文“It’s 250 questions long and you must pass it without one point lost”可知，面试官要求作者第一次通过并且不丢掉一分，这是一次冒险。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. swallowed吞咽；B. shook摇晃；C. clapped鼓掌；D. worked工作。根据后文“said, “I’ll take it.””可知，作者下决心接受该挑战，艰难地咽了咽口水。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：像指示的那样，我把我的生命线系在了银行上，跳进了一个未知的领域。A. still静止的；B. unproven未被证明的；C. rough粗糙的；D. known已知的。此处water为比喻手法，指代的是作者即将从事的金融领域这对作者来说，是未知的。故选B。 31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在培训之后，我参加了考试，当分数出来的时候，我松了一口气。A. belief信念；B. sorrow悲伤；C. relief宽慰；D. regret后悔。根据“let out a loud sigh”可知，作者顺利通过开始，故松了一口气。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的经历证实了梭罗的话的正确性：如果一个人朝着梦想的目标自信地走下去，努力按照想象中的方式去生活，那么他将在一个平常的时刻与成功不期而遇。A. recognized认出；B. tested测试；C. contradicted冲突；D. confirmed证实。根据作者的经历，可知印证了梭罗的话。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. confidently自信地；B. freely自由地；C. randomly随机地；D. lonely孤独地。根据作者的经历可知，作者在面对挑战依旧自信地接受了挑战。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. threatens威胁；B. agrees同意 ；C. attempts尝试，努力去做；D. promises承诺。根据作者的经历，作者强调的是面对挑战要努力的去尝试。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. unexpected出乎意料的；B. unfinished未完成的；C. unfamiliar不熟悉的；D. unpractical不实际的。根据前文的“If one advances ____13____ in the direction of his dreams and ___14___ to live the life which he had imagined,”可知，此处强调的是只要坚持，成功总会在一个意料不到的情况下到来。故选A。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Lucy Black recently became the youngest person to travel to every country in the world. By the age of 23, she has visited all the countries in an effort to challenge ______36______ (she) and push the limits of ______37______ she believed was possible for a female traveler. Lucy ______38______ (primary) used planes, boats, and trains to get around. It was not all plain sailing and there were many difficulties Lucy met, including ______39______ (arrange) visas to enter some countries. But the challenges ______40______ (outweigh) by the memorable experiences on her way. “There’re so many incredible experiences that can come out of traveling alone because you arc more open to the connections with the ______41______ (local) than you would be in a big group,” she said. Lucy had the pleasure of meeting ______42______ variety of people and experiencing different cultures. But the most ______43______ (value) experience of all was discovering a new sense of independence, she said. For Lucy, nothing beats traveling, which she described ______44______ her favorite part of being alive. _______45_______ I would be lying if I said 1 wasn’t enjoying taking time over the past year to recover from all the wear and tear I have done to my body over the past three years,” she added. 【答案】36. herself 37. what 38. primarily 39. arranging 40. were outweighed 41. locals 42. a 43. valuable 44. as 45. But 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了露西·布莱克成为了世界上最年轻的环游世界各国的人。 【36题详解】 考查代词。句意：23岁时，她走遍了所有的国家，努力挑战自己，挑战她认为女性旅行者可能达到的极限。动词challenge后缺宾语，和主语指的是同一个人，意为“挑战她自己”，所以用反身代词 。故填herself。 【37题详解】 考查连词。句意：23岁时，她走遍了所有的国家，努力挑战自己，挑战她认为女性旅行者可能达到的极限。空处引导宾语从句， 从句中缺少主语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填 what。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：露西主要使用飞机、船只和火车来四处走动。修饰 uesd 这一动词应用副词形式。故填 primarily。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这并不是一帆风顺的，露西遇到了许多困难，包括安排进入一些国家的签证。介词including后接动名词形式。故填 arranging。 【40题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：但她旅途中难忘的经历压倒了挑战。本句陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。主语challenges与outweigh之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，注意主谓一致。故填were outweighed。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：她说：“独自旅行会带来很多不可思议的经历，因为与其和一大群人在一起旅行，你更愿意与当地人建立联系。”local 一词有名词意义，表示“当地人”，也有形容词性，这里作名词讲，需要用复数，the locals 指当地的人们。故填 locals。 【42题详解】 考查冠词。句意：露西很高兴能遇到各种各样的人，体验不同的文化。a variety of为固定搭配， 表示各种各样的。故填 a。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但她说，最宝贵的经验是发现一种新的独立意识。修饰名词应用形容词。故填 valuable。 【44题详解】 考查介词。句意：对露西来说，没有什么比旅行更好的了，她说这是她生活中最喜欢的部分。describe as为固定搭配，意为“把……描述为”。故填 as。 【45题详解】 考查连词。句意：但如果我说我不喜欢在过去的一年里花时间从过去三年对我身体的磨损中恢复过来，那就是在撒谎。该句和前句存在转折关系，所以用转折连词。故填 But。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 你校英语俱乐部将举办英语演讲比赛，请以Family Education Shapes Me为主题，写一篇演讲稿，内容包括： 1. 你所接受的家庭教育(parenting style/pattern); 2. 成长的启示。 Family Education Shapes Me ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 Good morning, boys and girls, The topic of my speech today is Family Education Shapes Me. Family education has always deeply influenced me. It has benefited me a lot. Remember once, my teacher gave me a prize when I got full marks in an exam. But when I got home, my mother found a mistake on the paper and asked me to explain the situation to the teacher. I did what Mom said. The teacher asked me to keep the prize as a reward for my honesty. Although I lost full marks, I gained the most beautiful qualities. My honest family upbringing has served me well all my life and has cleared away many obstacles in my life. Thank you for your listening! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以Family Education Shapes Me为主题写一篇演讲稿，内容包括良好的家庭教育方式和成长的启示。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 影响：influence→affect 解释：explain→account for 获得：gain→obtain 记住：remember→keep in mind 2. 句式拓展 合并句子 原句：Family education has always deeply influenced me. It has benefited me a lot. 拓展句：Family education has always deeply influenced me, which has benefited me a lot. 【点睛】[高分句型1]I did what Mom said.(运用了what引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2]Although I lost full marks, I gained the most beautiful qualities.(运用了although引导的让步状语从句) 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was a broke university student. I should have been going to university on a scholarship because I came from a low-income family, but a last-minute £100-a-year pay rise for my mum pushed my family over the threshold (门槛) for what defined “low-income” and I was suddenly no longer qualified for £15,000 a year in scholarship money. This news came after I’d been accepted by the university and signed the lease (租约) for my accommodation. Despite my family not being labelled low-income anymore, I still wouldn’t receive any financial support from my family as all the income went toward taking care of my disabled brother and paying their own bills. It would be tight, but because I had savings from my part-time job, I decided to go to university anyway. After paying my rent, I had £10.20 a week for everything else including food, toiletries, and school supplies. As I was in a new city, I really wanted to make friends, which was difficult when most of the social activities were expensive. Therefore, I jumped at the chance to do a relatively cheap coffee shop trip with my roommates who were pleasant to me. I had £20 with me to get a cheap cup of coffee and my food shopping for a few weeks. So I headed for the coffee shop. While paying, I pulled out the note and a handful of change and realized I could pay without breaking the note, so I put it back in my pocket. It wasn’t until I arrived at the supermarket that I realized the note was gone. What should I do? I was desperate it was the equivalent (相等物) of two weeks of money. My roommates helped me look for the note. However, it was in vain. Finally, I went to school empty-handed. 注意： (1) 续写词数应为150词左右； (2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 P1: As a final attempt, I messaged the coffee shop’s Facebook page asking if they’d seen it. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ P2: I said, “Oh, ...This isn’t mine; my note was an old worn one.” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 As a final attempt, I messaged the coffee shop’s Facebook page asking if they’d seen it. Least expecting a reply from them, I logged off with enormous disheartenment and continuous self-blame. How I wished I was careful enough so that the note would not slip out without my notice. However, five minutes, an alert from Facebook broke off my negative thoughts. “Yes, we indeed found a 20-dollar note. Please come ASAP!” The above words from the coffee shop instantly fueled me with energy. Without hesitation, I rushed back with a rapturous heart. Hardly had I entered the shop when a sweet-looking barista handed me a shiny 20-dollar note and asked tentatively, “Sir, is it yours?” I said, “Oh, ... This isn’t mine; my note was an old worn one.” Beaming a most radiant smile, the barista explained gently that this note was from my most kind-hearted roommates, who, after witnessing my despair and devastation, would like to extend a helping hand. Hearing this, I felt a surge of warmth swelled up in my heart and my eyes were instantly moistened with grateful tears. Yes, life might be hard for me in a new city. But with the unreserved generosity and unwavering support from my roommate, I knew I could pull through any difficulty and rise to any challenge. Indeed, life is not a bed of roses, but love from my roommates make the world go around. Plus, I am bound to pay forward their kindness by helping more needy people like me. 【解析】 【导语】本篇文章以人物和故事发展为线索展开。作者家庭贫困，但因为母亲的年薪多了100美元而失去了申请奖学金的资格。虽然家里无法给作者提供经济支持，但作者决定靠赚来的兼职收入支付大学费用。作者在学校里渴望交朋友，但很多活动都很费钱，所以作者选择了和室友一起喝咖啡这种便宜的出行活动。后来作者发现自己的20美元钞票不见了，这相当于作者两周的生活费，但作者和室友却无论如何都找不到了。作者抱着一丝希望在咖啡店的Facebook上留言，然后很快就收到了咖啡店的回复，但作者去认领钱时发现这不是自己的那张钱，原来是室友悄悄让咖啡店给作者的。这件事让作者很感动，不再害怕在新城市中的生活，因为有一群慷慨有爱的室友。 【详解】1. 续写线索： ①由续写第一段首句“作为最后一次尝试，我在咖啡店的Facebook页面上发了一条信息，问他们是否看到了。”可知，第一段可以描写发完消息后作者收到了咖啡店的回复，上面说找到了作者的钱，于是作者快速过去取钱，去了之后店员拿出一张20美元询问是否属于他。 ②由续写第二段首句“我说：‘哦，……这不是我的，我的钞票是一张破旧的。’”可知，第二段可以描写店员解释说这张钱是室友给的，室友的善意让作者非常感动。 2. 段落续写： 在咖啡店Facebook上询问——内心很沮丧——Facebook上回复找到了作者的钱——作者去店里取钱——店员拿着钞票询问作者——作者说不是自己的钱——店员解释了这张钱的来源——作者内心很感动 3. 词汇积累： 行为类 ①打断：break off/interrupt ②伸出援手：extend a helping hand/reach out/help out/come to one’s assistance ③渡过难关：pull through difficulty/go through difficulty 情绪类 ①沮丧：disheartenment/frustration/depression ②兴高采烈的：rapturous/cheerful/delighted ③感激的：grateful/thankful 【点睛】【高分句型1】How I wished I was careful enough so that the note would not slip out without my notice.(使用了感叹句以及so that引导状语从句) 【高分句型2】Hardly had I entered the shop when a sweet-looking barista handed me a shiny 20-dollar note and asked tentatively, “Sir, is it yours?”(使用了Hardly…when…句型和倒装句) 【高分句型3】Beaming a most radiant smile, the barista explained gently that this note was from my most kind-hearted roommates, who, after witnessing my despair and devastation, would like to extend a helping hand.(使用了现在分词作状语、that引导宾语从句、who引导非限制性定语从句、动名词作宾语、不定式作宾语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $