精品解析：上海市陆行中学2025-2026学年高一上学期期中英语试题

陆行中学2025学年第一学期期中质量检测 高一英语试卷 满分100分，考试时间90分钟 （请大家仔细审题，语法、填空题答案以及翻译按序号写在答题纸上，其余按试卷题号涂在答题卡对应题号处，按要求答题。） I．Listening Comprehension (19%) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you-hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．A．Husband and wife. B．Mother and son. C．Teacher and student. D．Employer and employee. 2．A．Shopping. B．Study. C．Sport. D．Food. 3．A．The train is late. B．The train is crowded. C．The train is empty. D．The train is on time. 4．A．Have a rest. B．Take two weeks off. C．Continue his work outdoors. D．Go to the park with the woman. 5．A．In a bank. B．In a hotel. C．In a hospital. D．In a university. 6．A．Print the paper at the computer centre. B．Take the paper to the computer centre. C．Buy a used printer for the computer. D．Put some more paper in the printer. 7．A．Lock the door carefully. B．Open the door. C．Fix the lock himself. D．Call a repairman. 8．A．She never takes any medicine B．She hasn't got a bad cold. C．She will take some medicine in a week. D．She will get over her bad cold soon. 9．A．She has been on the trip and enjoyed it. B．She wouldn't consider going on the field trip. C．She thinks the class is too advanced for the man. D．She thinks there's a good reason to take the trip. 10．A．He is going to attend Jason's presentation. B．He prefers Jason's former presentation. C．He'd like to do the next presentation himself. D．He's expecting Jason's next presentation. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages. After each passage, you will be asked several questions. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11．A．On Tuesdays and Thursdays. B．On Mondays and Thursdays. C．On Thursdays and Fridays. D．On Mondays and Tuesdays. 12．A．Once a week. B．Twice a week. C．Three times a month. D．Every two weeks. 13．A．Class attendance. B．Research work. C．Homework performance. D．Group discussion. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following conversation. 14．A．Feeding a hair y dog. B．Breaking a mirror. C．Walking under a ladder. D．Having a black cat across your path. 15．A．Because they are important in our daily lives. B．Because they can improve your health. C．Because they are a part of American culture. D．Because they keep you from evil spirits. 16．A．Make a hotdog and eat it. B．Give a dog a hair sandwich. C．Bite a slice of buttered bread. D．Try to raise some eyebrows. Ⅱ．Grammar Ⅰ(14%) Section A (8%) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Travel Young, Travel Far Dear Young Dreamer, You wrote to me about your problem. You dream of travelling, and you wonder how, as a teenager, you ____1____ make it happen. I understand that you are not very happy about taking the subjects that ____2____ (not interest) you. You don't think you will ever need much of what you are studying right now. While some of your lessons may not seem directly related ____3____ your needs at the moment, you are learning valuable study skills. You do need these skills to analyse the world around you, to process information, and above all, to think for yourself. These exact skills will help you deal with difficulties ____4____ stand between you and your travel dreams. I say dream big but stay practical. However, it's the practical part that most people miss. Even ____5____ (pleasant) life has its difficulties, but a challenge won't prevent you from ____6____ (reach) your dreams if you stay rooted in the practical, in the action you can take to bring yourself closer to your dreams. Work hard, make a plan and then actually stick to ____7____. Travel was a goal that I believed would finally signal that I had made it through to the other side of my troubled background. I made it there. You can, too. As a teen, you have some limitations when making your travel plans. Your parents have a say in where and how you travel. The amount of money they can spend on your travel is also a factor. Cost will determine your experience — ____8____ you visit Europe, take part in a student exchange programme, or stay and work to help with family finances. Considering the limitations that have shaped your life until now, I hope you will maintain your travel dreams. Sincerely yours, Shannon Section B (6%) Directions: Complete the sentences by using the relative pronouns or relative adverbs. 9. He is not so stubborn a man ____________ refuses to listen to reasonable suggestions. (用适当的词填空) 10. Nobody knows the exact number of people and cattle ________ were killed in the flood. (用适当的词填空) 11. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were influenced. 12. The slowdown of breathing rates helps frogs to save energy in long winters ________ it is difficult to find food. (用适当的词填空) 13. For some people, tourism is regarded as travel to certain places ________ the unique plants and animals are the main attractions. (用适当的词填空) 14. The two women, both of ________ are now in their eighties, have been writing to each other ever since. How did they do it? (用适当的词填空) Ⅲ．Vocabulary (10%) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. unfortunately B. recycled C. end D. travelled E. pollution F. produces G.burned H. stress I. contains J. locally K. label It is often hard to determine whether the food we eat is eco-friendly or not. However, it is clear that some types of food have a bigger environmental impact than others. What can we do in our everyday lives to make a difference? Firstly, we should avoid food that has ___15___ a long way. Food transport is a big source of CO2, which causes global warming. In other words, it is best to eat food that is; produced ___16___. Secondly, we should eat less fast food. Due to its convenience, fast food has become very popular, but it is ___17___ very bad for the environment. The industry ___18___ a lot of waste: unnecessary packaging, along with other single-use plastics, is one big part of the problem. Most takeaway containers will probably ___19___ up in the rubbish dump. However, we can encourage restaurants to use ___20___ materials to pack their meals. Thirdly, we should avoid those types of food that cause huge environmental ___21___. For example, rainforests around the world are being ___22___ down to make room for cattle farms and palm oil plantations. To protect the rainforest, we should eat less beef and avoid food that ___23___ palm oil. ____24____ and climate change are global problems, so we all need to work together. The good news is that every little bit counts. By using our resources in a more efficient way, we can save a lot of money at the same time as we save the environment. IV．Reading Comprehension (36%) Section A (10%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A Roman Holiday Last week I visited Rome for the first time. I spent three busy days in the Italian capital, seeing lots of tourist attractions and walking down streets lit with Christmas ____25____. Here are the things that I loved about the city. Rome is one of the most ancient cities in the world and is full of wonderful historic sites from its ____26____ past. These include the Roman Forum, which was once the ____27____ of public and political life in Ancient Rome, as well as the vast Coliseum, the largest outdoor theatre ever built and one of the greatest wonders in the world. The ____28____ of buildings and temples are fascinating: you can’t quite believe how old they are. I studied the masterpieces of the Renaissance period at school and was excited to see them in real life. When I walked around the museum in Vatican City, I saw plenty of famous ____29____. The best part of the visit was, without doubt, the Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted in the early 16th century by the great Michelangelo. It was so breathtaking that I couldn’t tear my eyes away from it. In Rome, there is a large offering of ____30____ for tourists, but some of it isn’t very good in quality. I made an effort to find some restaurants to taste the popular meals of the ____31____, like pasta with tomatoes, onions and bacon. I also loved eating ice cream and drinking hot chocolate under the Christmas lights. Rome has not only lots of ____32____ stores, but also plenty of shops that are in my price range. It was a perfect ____33____ to buy presents for my family and friends. There was also a Christmas market, where I bought a sparkly decoration for the tree. I love visiting new places, especially ____34____ cities. I have been very lucky this year because I also visited Amsterdam in the summer. Hopefully I’ll travel even more in the future. 25. A. descriptions B. elements C. materials D. decorations 26. A. global B. original C. distant D. traditional 27. A. organization B. center C. routine D. destination 28. A. remains B. entrances C. settlements D. positions 29. A. structures B. sculptures C. weapons D. aspects 30. A. food B. site C. schedule D. exploration 31 A. downtown B. statue C. facility D. region 32. A. crowded B. energetic C. fancy D. convenient 33. A. behavior B. opinion C. feature D. opportunity 34. A. capital B. high-end C. unique D. shocked Section B (18%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I start every summer with the best of intentions: to attack one big book from the past, a classic that I was supposed to have read when young and ambitious. Often the pairings of books and settings have been purely accidental: Moby Dick on a three-day cross-country train trip; The Magic Mountain in a New England beachside cottage with no locks on the doors, no telephones or televisions in the rooms, and little to do beyond row on the salt pond. Attempting The Man Without Qualities on a return to Hawaii, my native state, however, was less fruitful: I made it through one and a quarter volumes, then decided that I’d got the point and went swimming instead. But this summer I find myself at a loss. I’m not quite interested in Balzac, say, or Tristram Shandy. There’s always War and Peace, which I’ve covered some distance several times, only to get bogged down in the “War” part, set it aside for a while, and realize that I have to start over from the beginning again, having forgotten everyone’s name and social rank. How appealing to simply fall back on a favorite — once more into The Waves or Justine, which feels almost like cheating, too exciting and too much fun to properly belong in serious literature. And then there’s Stendhal’s The Red and the Black, which happens to be the name of my favorite cocktail of the summer, created by Michael Cecconi at Savoy and BackForty. It is easy to drink, and knocking back three or four seems like such a delightful idea. Cecconi’s theory: “I take whatever is fresh at the green market and turn it into liquid.” The result is a pure shot of afternoon in the park, making one feel cheerful and peaceful all at once, lying on uncut grass with eyes shut, sun beating through the lids... 35. What can we infer about the author from the first paragraph? A. He has a cottage in New England. B. He shows talents for literature. C. He enjoys reading when traveling. D. He admires a lot of great writers. 36. Why does the author say reading his favorite books feels like cheating? A. He finishes them quickly. B. He should read something serious. C. He barely understands them. D. He has read them many times before. 37. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Books of Summer. B. My Summer Holidays. C. To Read or Not to Read. D. It’s Never Too Late to Read. (B) The governess was one of the most familiar figures in mid-Victorian life and literature. The 1851 Census revealed that 25,000 women earned their living teaching and caring for other women’s children. Most governesses lived with their employers and were paid a small salary on top of their board and lodging. From the 1840s novelists started to put governesses into their fiction. In 1847 Charlotte Bronte published Jane Eyre, the story of a governess who eventually marries her employer, Mr Rochester. The same year William Thackeray started publishing Vanity Fair, in which a scheming young governess called Becky Sharp cheats her way through the high society. It made sense for the Victorian heroine to be a governess. Just like an orphan, the governess had to make her own way in the world, with no resources to call upon. Her status as a “lady” allowed her to mix in the best circles, but the fact that she worked meant that she also encountered all sorts of people and situations that would have been far-fetched for a girl who lived with her parents. Who became a governess? The first part of the 19th century was marked by deep economic distress. A series of bank failures meant that many middle-class families found themselves destitute overnight. Young men from good homes could go out to work from the age of 15 without being ashamed. But their sisters, educated to be “ladies”, would have felt humiliated to be seen serving in a shop or working in a factory alongside working-class girls. The only possibility was to get a job as a teacher. Who employed a governess? The upper classes had employed governesses for centuries. But from the beginning of the 19th century the wealthier sections of the middle classes followed suit. Employing a governess sent a signal that the lady of the house was too “genteel” to teach her daughters herself. Just as she employed servants to clean her house, she paid another woman to raise her children. Hiring a governess became a status symbol. What did the governess teach? The governess could find herself teaching “the three Rs” (reading, writing and arithmetic) to the youngest. If her pupils were older teens, the governess would also be expected to instruct them in key “accomplishments” such as drawing, playing piano, and dancing, all designed to attract a husband in a crowded marriage market. The governess might also be in charge of small boys up to the age of eight. She was expected to look after her pupils’ moral education too, setting a good example of modest, moral behaviour. 38. The reason why governesses flooded Victorian literature is that ________. A. the Victorian readers preferred stories of orphaned governesses B. governesses were more morally desirable than the leisured ladies who don’t work C governesses proved the possibility of climbing the social ladder without resources D. governesses had access to the complex world where they experienced various adventures 39. Which is TRUE according to the text? A. Most governesses had to choose between free accommodation and humble wages. B. The governess was not allowed to teach young boys. C. Governessing was the most ladylike and respectable vocation available for women. D The wealthy employers wished to learn from the governess how to teach their own daughters. 40. Which historical illustration best depicts the duty of a governess mentioned in the text? A. The New governess: “Why are you staring so intently, Blanche, dear?” Blanche: “I was trying to count the freckles (雀斑) on your face, Miss Sandpole, but I can’t!” B. The New governess: “If you saw a poor man starving in the street, wouldn’t you give him some of your pudding, Tommy?” Tommy: “I’d give him some of yours.” C. Proud Mother (to the new Governess): “And here is a pencil, Miss Green, and a note-book in which I wish you to write down all the clever and remarkable things the dear children may say during your walk.” D. The new Governess: “How dare you Tommy! I shall tell your mommy!” Tommy: “Oh, I don’t care what mommy says!” (C) The Enduring Hope of Jane Goodall During World War II, young Jane Goodall was often woken by air-raid sirens. While her sister rushed to the bomb shelter, Jane refused to leave her bed. “They had to take me down with all my bedclothes,” she recalls. Eight decades later, in the same house, she displayed the same stubbornness. As a camera crew were bustling about searching for furniture, Goodall stood still. Speaking softly yet with strong belief, she suggested her bedroom instead. Then she led the group upstairs, successful. Goodall’s quiet determination enabled her to patiently wait for others to come around. In 1960, the 26-year-old sat for months in Tanzanian forests, waiting for chimpanzees to accept her presence. Her patience provided the opportunity to observe them closely, leading to her remarkable discovery of tool use among chimps. This finding transformed our understanding of human-animal relationships, earning her global fame. While pursuing her Ph.D. at Cambridge in 1962, professors criticized her for using human names and emotions to describe chimps. Rather than confront them, she recalls, “I just quietly went on doing what I knew was right.” Though she later adopted more scientific language, her belief in chimps as intelligent social animals is now widely accepted and has paved the way for tighter restrictions on lab testing of chimpanzees. After Goodall shifted from research to activism in the 1980s, her steady, non-confrontational approach allowed her to become one of the most productive environmentalists in modern history. She made the best use of her own life story — drawing on the powerful image of a lone woman living among the animals — to get people excited about environmentalism in an era when it was a marginal activity. Through the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI), which she founded in 1977, she raised funds for habitat conservation projects, poverty-alleviation programs, and animal shelters. And as she travelled around the world, she added countless new stories to her collection: on history, animal behavior, human originality and more. These, rather than protests, became her campaign tools. “If I’m trying to change somebody who disagrees with me — I choose not to be holier-than-thou (自命清高的),” she says. “You’ve got to reach the heart. And I do that through storytelling.” 41. Paragraphs 1 & 2 are intended to show Jane Goodall ________. A. was very clever since she was a little girl B. remained calm even under wartime conditions C. was very determined to do what she thought was right D. respected other people and didn’t bother to change their mind 42. According to the article, which of the following statements is true about Goodall? A. Her patience with observing chimps helped her make great discoveries. B. The way that Goodall studied wild chimps was encouraged by her professors. C. She helped make chimpanzees more available in lab testing. D. She founded the Jane Goodall Institute to raise money for Tanzania. 43. After Goodall shifted from research to advocacy, she would try to ________ if she wanted to change someone’s mind. A. tell amazing stories B. set them a good example C. share her feelings with them D. teach them to think for themselves V．GrammarⅡ (7%) Directions: Complete the sentences by using the given verbs in their proper forms 44. In Finland, babies come with a box. For the past 75 years, Finland’s mothers-to-be ________ (give) a box by the government. It’s a starter kit of nappies, clothes, sheets and toys. (所给词的适当形式填空) 45. I loved going to school because I knew Mrs. Mary Argo ________ (add) humor through the day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 46. It’s reported that by the end of this year, huge amounts of good earth ________ (wash) away due to cutting down too many trees. (所给词的适当形式填空) 47. The old factory didn’t stop production until the government ________ (send) a formal shutdown notice last month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 48. When it comes to ________ (select) a site for the new greenhouse, experts will determine the best location based on sunlight and water source. (所给词的适当形式填空) 49. In a hospital in Brazil, different kinds of gifts are chosen by a soon-to-be mother as she asks her husband for advice. The gifts ________ (give) to each person who comes to the hospital when the baby is born. (所给词的适当形式填空) 50. The cake ________ (bake) in the oven right now. Soon you’ll have something to eat. (所给词的适当形式填空) VI．Reading (8%) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Talk — A powerful tool in family education It is found that American students spend less than 15% of their time in school. ___51___. A study published earlier this month by researchers at North Carolina State University, for example, finds that parental involvement — checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home — has a more powerful influence on students’ academic performance than anything at the school the students attend. Another study, published in the Review of Economics and Statistics, reports that the effort put forth by parents reading stories aloud is very effective. And a third study concludes that schools would have to increase their spending by more than $1,000 per pupil in order to achieve the same results that are gained with parental involvement. ___52___ But it is also revealed in researches that parents, of all backgrounds, don’t need to buy expensive educational toys or digital devices for their kids in order to give them an advantage. They don’t need to drive their offspring to enrichment classes or test-preparation courses. What they need to do with their children is much simpler: talk. But not just any talk. ___53___ For example, a study conducted by researchers at the UCLA School of Public Health found that two-way adult-child conversations were six times as powerful in promoting language development as the ones in which the adult did all the talking. Engaging in this mutual back-and-forth gives children a chance to try out language for themselves, and also gives them the sense that their thoughts and opinions matter. The content of parents’ conversations with kids matters, too. Children who hear talk about counting and numbers at home start school with much more extensive mathematical knowledge, report researchers from the University of Chicago. While the conversations parents have with their children change as kids grow older, the effect of these exchanges on academic achievement remains strong. Research finds that parents play an important role in what is called “academic socialization” — setting expectations and making connections between current behavior and future goals. ___54___. A. Parental involvement makes up for what schools are not able to do. B. They have a wide range of activities after school. C Talking with children is a very simple task. D. A number of recent studies remind us that parents are even more important than schools. E. Engaging in these sorts of conversations has a greater impact on educational accomplishment. F. Recent research has indicated exactly what kinds of talk at home encourage children’s success at school. VII．Translation (14%) (3+3+4+4) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 55. 我提醒我女儿下个礼拜三她要代表全班把这个礼物送给他们的数学老师。(behalf) (汉译英) ________________________________________________ 56. 人们普遍认为一次性塑料制品虽然很方便，却给气候变化带来了负面影响。（assume）（汉译英） ________________________________________________ 57. 自从他定居西安以来，他已经出去旅行了好几次，因为那些历史遗迹让他感到很震撼。(set out) (汉译英) ________________________________________________ 58. 近年来，这家公司将碳足迹纳入考虑范围，开发出众多节能产品，减少了包装废弃物。（consideration）（汉译英） ________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 陆行中学2025学年第一学期期中质量检测 高一英语试卷 满分100分，考试时间90分钟 （请大家仔细审题，语法、填空题答案以及翻译按序号写在答题纸上，其余按试卷题号涂在答题卡对应题号处，按要求答题。） I．Listening Comprehension (19%) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you-hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．A．Husband and wife. B．Mother and son. C．Teacher and student. D．Employer and employee. 2．A．Shopping. B．Study. C．Sport. D．Food. 3．A．The train is late. B．The train is crowded. C．The train is empty. D．The train is on time. 4．A．Have a rest. B．Take two weeks off. C．Continue his work outdoors. D．Go to the park with the woman. 5．A．In a bank. B．In a hotel. C．In a hospital. D．In a university. 6．A．Print the paper at the computer centre. B．Take the paper to the computer centre. C．Buy a used printer for the computer. D．Put some more paper in the printer. 7．A．Lock the door carefully. B．Open the door. C．Fix the lock himself. D．Call a repairman. 8．A．She never takes any medicine. B．She hasn't got a bad cold. C．She will take some medicine in a week. D．She will get over her bad cold soon. 9．A．She has been on the trip and enjoyed it. B．She wouldn't consider going on the field trip. C．She thinks the class is too advanced for the man. D．She thinks there's a good reason to take the trip. 10．A．He is going to attend Jason's presentation. B．He prefers Jason's former presentation. C．He'd like to do the next presentation himself. D．He's expecting Jason's next presentation. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages. After each passage, you will be asked several questions. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11．A．On Tuesdays and Thursdays. B．On Mondays and Thursdays. C．On Thursdays and Fridays. D．On Mondays and Tuesdays. 12．A．Once a week. B．Twice a week. C．Three times a month. D．Every two weeks. 13．A．Class attendance. B．Research work. C．Homework performance. D．Group discussion. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following conversation. 14．A．Feeding a hair y dog. B．Breaking a mirror. C．Walking under a ladder. D．Having a black cat across your path. 15．A．Because they are important in our daily lives. B．Because they can improve your health. C．Because they are a part of American culture. D．Because they keep you from evil spirits. 16．A．Make a hotdog and eat it. B．Give a dog a hair sandwich. C．Bite a slice of buttered bread. D．Try to raise some eyebrows. Ⅱ．Grammar Ⅰ(14%) Section A (8%) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Travel Young, Travel Far Dear Young Dreamer, You wrote to me about your problem. You dream of travelling, and you wonder how, as a teenager, you ____1____ make it happen. I understand that you are not very happy about taking the subjects that ____2____ (not interest) you. You don't think you will ever need much of what you are studying right now. While some of your lessons may not seem directly related ____3____ your needs at the moment, you are learning valuable study skills. You do need these skills to analyse the world around you, to process information, and above all, to think for yourself. These exact skills will help you deal with difficulties ____4____ stand between you and your travel dreams. I say dream big but stay practical. However, it's the practical part that most people miss. Even ____5____ (pleasant) life has its difficulties, but a challenge won't prevent you from ____6____ (reach) your dreams if you stay rooted in the practical, in the action you can take to bring yourself closer to your dreams. Work hard, make a plan and then actually stick to ____7____. Travel was a goal that I believed would finally signal that I had made it through to the other side of my troubled background. I made it there. You can, too. As a teen, you have some limitations when making your travel plans. Your parents have a say in where and how you travel. The amount of money they can spend on your travel is also a factor. Cost will determine your experience — ____8____ you visit Europe, take part in a student exchange programme, or stay and work to help with family finances. Considering the limitations that have shaped your life until now, I hope you will maintain your travel dreams. Sincerely yours, Shannon 【答案】1. can 2. don’t interest 3. to 4. that##which 5 the most pleasant 6. reaching 7. it 8. whether 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要针对青少年的旅行梦想给出建议，强调当下学习技能的价值，建议既要心怀梦想也要脚踏实地，兼顾现实限制。 【1题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：你梦想旅行，想知道作为一名青少年，你如何能让它成为现实。此处表示“能够、可以”，用情态动词can，表能力和可能性。故填can。 2题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：我理解你对学习那些不吸引你的科目不太开心。此处为定语从句的谓语动词，描述客观情况用一般现在时；主语that指代先行词the subjects为复数，否定形式用don’t interest。故填don’t interest。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：虽然你现在的一些课程可能看起来与你的需求没有直接关联，但你正在学习宝贵的学习技能。此处为固定搭配“be related to”，意为“与……相关”，用介词to。故填to。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这些确切的技能将帮助你应对阻碍你实现旅行梦想的困难。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为difficulties，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 【5题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：即使是最愉快的生活也会有困难，但如果你脚踏实地，采取行动让自己更接近梦想，挑战也不会阻止你实现梦想。此处修饰名词life，结合句意以及even可知，此处表示“最愉快的”，用pleasant的最高级the most pleasant。故填the most pleasant。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：即使是最愉快的生活也会有困难，但如果你脚踏实地，采取行动让自己更接近梦想，挑战也不会阻止你实现梦想。此处位于介词from之后，用reach的动名词形式reaching作宾语。故填reaching。 【7题详解】 考查代词。句意：努力学习，制定计划，然后切实遵守它。此处指代前文的a plan，用代词it作宾语。故填it。 【8题详解】 考查连词。句意：成本将决定你的经历——无论是去欧洲旅行、参加交换生项目，还是留下来工作以补贴家用。此处为固定搭配“whether...or...”，意为“无论是……还是……”，用连词whether。故填whether。 Section B (6%) Directions: Complete the sentences by using the relative pronouns or relative adverbs. 9. He is not so stubborn a man ____________ refuses to listen to reasonable suggestions. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他并不是一个固执到拒绝听取合理建议的人。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词man被so修饰，所以此处使用关系代词as。故填as。 10. Nobody knows the exact number of people and cattle ________ were killed in the flood. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：没有人知道在洪水中丧生的人和牲畜的确切数量。空处引导定语从句，先行词为“people and cattle”，既指人又指物，在从句中作主语，只能使用关系代词that。故填that。 11. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were influenced. 【答案】whose 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句连接词。句意：这本书通过那些生活受到影响的人的眼睛讲述地震的故事。本句为定语从句修饰先行词those，且先行词在从句中做定语，需填关系代词whose。故填whose。 12. The slowdown of breathing rates helps frogs to save energy in long winters ________ it is difficult to find food. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：呼吸频率的减慢有助于青蛙在食物难以寻觅的漫长冬季节省能量。空处引导定语从句，先行词为“long winters”，指时间，在从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when。故填when。 13. For some people, tourism is regarded as travel to certain places ________ the unique plants and animals are the main attractions. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：对一些人来说，旅游被视为前往某些地方的旅行，在这些地方独特的动植物是主要的吸引力。空处引导定语从句，先行词为“certain places”，指地点，在从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where。故填where。 14. The two women, both of ________ are now in their eighties, have been writing to each other ever since. How did they do it? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这两位如今都已八十多岁的女士从那以后就一直相互通信。她们是怎么做到的？空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“The two women”，指人，在从句中作介词“of”的宾语，需用关系代词whom。故填whom。 Ⅲ．Vocabulary (10%) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. unfortunately B. recycled C. end D. travelled E. pollution F. produces G.burned H. stress I. contains J. locally K. label It is often hard to determine whether the food we eat is eco-friendly or not. However, it is clear that some types of food have a bigger environmental impact than others. What can we do in our everyday lives to make a difference? Firstly, we should avoid food that has ___15___ a long way. Food transport is a big source of CO2, which causes global warming. In other words, it is best to eat food that is; produced ___16___. Secondly, we should eat less fast food. Due to its convenience, fast food has become very popular, but it is ___17___ very bad for the environment. The industry ___18___ a lot of waste: unnecessary packaging, along with other single-use plastics, is one big part of the problem. Most takeaway containers will probably ___19___ up in the rubbish dump. However, we can encourage restaurants to use ___20___ materials to pack their meals. Thirdly, we should avoid those types of food that cause huge environmental ___21___. For example, rainforests around the world are being ___22___ down to make room for cattle farms and palm oil plantations. To protect the rainforest, we should eat less beef and avoid food that ___23___ palm oil. ____24____ and climate change are global problems, so we all need to work together. The good news is that every little bit counts. By using our resources in a more efficient way, we can save a lot of money at the same time as we save the environment. 【答案】15. D 16. J 17. A 18. F 19. C 20. B 21. H 22. G 23. I 24. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍日常饮食中可采取的环保措施，如选择本地食物、少吃快餐、避免环境破坏性食物，以减少环境影响。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：首先，我们应避免经过长途运输的食物。根据下文“Food transport is a big source of CO₂”可知，空处用动词作谓语，travelled意为“运输，旅行”，此处表示食物经过长途运输，符合语境。故选D。 【16题详解】 考查副词。句意：换句话说，最好食用本地生产的食物。根据上文“avoid food that has travelled a long way”可知，空处用副词修饰produced，locally意为“本地地”，此处表示“本地生产”，与“长途运输”形成对比，符合语境。故选J。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：由于方便，快餐变得非常流行，但不幸的是，它对环境非常有害。根据前文“fast food has become very popular”与后文“very bad for the environment”（对环境有害）的转折关系可知，空处用副词表转折后的遗憾，unfortunately意为“不幸地”，符合语境。故选A。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：快餐行业产生大量垃圾：不必要的包装以及其他一次性塑料是主要问题之一。根据后文“a lot of waste”可知，空处用动词作谓语，produces意为“产生”，此处表示快餐行业产生垃圾，符合语境。故选F。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：大多数外卖餐盒最终可能会被扔进垃圾场。根据“the rubbish dump”可知，空处用动词，“end up”是固定搭配，意为“最终成为，最终处于”，此处表示餐盒最终被丢弃到垃圾场，符合语境。故选C。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：不过，我们可以鼓励餐馆使用可回收材料来包装食物。根据前文“single-use plastics”可知，空处用形容词修饰materials，recycled意为“可回收的”，此处表示“使用可回收材料”，符合环保理念。故选B。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：第三，我们应该避免那些造成巨大环境压力的食物。根据下文“rainforests around the world are being burned down”可知，这类食物的生产给环境带来负担，stress 意为“压力”，environmental stress表示“环境压力”，符合语境。故选H。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：例如，世界各地的雨林正被烧毁，以腾出空间建造牧场和棕榈油种植园。根据“to make room for cattle farms and palm oil plantations”可知，空处用动词，burned意为“烧毁”，“burn down”表示“烧毁”，此处表示雨林被烧毁，符合语境。故选G。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：为了保护雨林，我们应少吃牛肉，并避免食用含有棕榈油的食物。根据“palm oil”可知，空处用动词作谓语，contains意为“包含，含有”，此处表示“含有棕榈油的食物”，符合语境。故选I。 【24题详解】 考查名词。句意：污染和气候变化是全球性问题，因此我们都需要共同努力。根据前文多次提到的环保、垃圾、雨林破坏等问题可知，空处用名词，与climate change并列，pollution意为“污染”，符合语境。故选E。 IV．Reading Comprehension (36%) Section A (10%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A Roman Holiday Last week I visited Rome for the first time. I spent three busy days in the Italian capital, seeing lots of tourist attractions and walking down streets lit with Christmas ____25____. Here are the things that I loved about the city. Rome is one of the most ancient cities in the world and is full of wonderful historic sites from its ____26____ past. These include the Roman Forum, which was once the ____27____ of public and political life in Ancient Rome, as well as the vast Coliseum, the largest outdoor theatre ever built and one of the greatest wonders in the world. The ____28____ of buildings and temples are fascinating: you can’t quite believe how old they are. I studied the masterpieces of the Renaissance period at school and was excited to see them in real life. When I walked around the museum in Vatican City, I saw plenty of famous ____29____. The best part of the visit was, without doubt, the Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted in the early 16th century by the great Michelangelo. It was so breathtaking that I couldn’t tear my eyes away from it. In Rome, there is a large offering of ____30____ for tourists, but some of it isn’t very good in quality. I made an effort to find some restaurants to taste the popular meals of the ____31____, like pasta with tomatoes, onions and bacon. I also loved eating ice cream and drinking hot chocolate under the Christmas lights. Rome has not only lots of ____32____ stores, but also plenty of shops that are in my price range. It was a perfect ____33____ to buy presents for my family and friends. There was also a Christmas market, where I bought a sparkly decoration for the tree. I love visiting new places, especially ____34____ cities. I have been very lucky this year because I also visited Amsterdam in the summer. Hopefully I’ll travel even more in the future. 25. A. descriptions B. elements C. materials D. decorations 26. A. global B. original C. distant D. traditional 27. A. organization B. center C. routine D. destination 28. A. remains B. entrances C. settlements D. positions 29. A. structures B. sculptures C. weapons D. aspects 30. A. food B. site C. schedule D. exploration 31. A. downtown B. statue C. facility D. region 32. A. crowded B. energetic C. fancy D. convenient 33. A. behavior B. opinion C. feature D. opportunity 34. A. capital B. high-end C. unique D. shocked 【答案】25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. D 34. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者首次游览罗马的经历，分享了对这座城市的历史遗迹、文艺复兴杰作、特色美食及购物体验的喜爱，表达了对游览首都城市的热衷。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在这座意大利首都度过了忙碌的三天，参观了许多旅游景点，漫步在点缀着圣诞装饰的街道上。A. descriptions描述；B. elements元素；C. materials材料；D. decorations装饰。根据前文“seeing lots of tourist attractions and walking down streets lit with Christmas”和常识可知，圣诞期间街道会有“装饰”，“Christmas decorations”为固定搭配，意为“圣诞装饰”。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：罗马是世界上最古老的城市之一，从其遥远的过去起就布满了奇妙的历史遗迹。A. global全球的；B. original原始的；C. distant遥远的；D. traditional传统的。根据前文“one of the most ancient cities”可知，罗马的过去是“遥远的”，“distant past”意为“遥远的过去”，符合语境。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中包括罗马广场，它曾是古罗马公共和政治生活的中心，以及巨大的斗兽场——有史以来最大的露天剧场，也是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一。A. organization组织；B. center中心；C. routine常规；D. destination目的地。根据前文“These include the Roman Forum”可知，它曾是古罗马公共和政治生活的“中心”，“center of... life”意为“……生活的中心”。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些建筑和寺庙的遗迹令人着迷：你简直不敢相信它们有多古老。A. remains遗迹；B. entrances入口；C. settlements定居点；D. positions位置。根据前文“Rome is one of the most ancient cities in the world and is full of wonderful historic sites”和后文“how old they are”可知，此处指建筑和寺庙的“遗迹”。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我漫步在梵蒂冈城的博物馆时，我看到了许多著名的雕塑。A. structures建筑、建筑物；B. sculptures雕塑；C. weapons武器；D. aspects方面。根据前文“I studied the masterpieces of the Renaissance period”和“museum in Vatican City”可知，博物馆中陈列的文艺复兴杰作包括著名的“雕塑”，符合语境。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在罗马，有很多供游客选择的食物，但有些质量不是很好。A. food食物；B. site地点；C. schedule日程；D. exploration探索。根据后文“I made an effort to find some restaurants to taste the popular meals”可知，此处指罗马有很多“食物”供游客选择。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我努力找了一些餐厅，品尝这个地区受欢迎的美食，比如番茄、洋葱和培根意大利面。A. downtown市中心；B. statue雕像；C. facility设施；D. region地区。根据前文“in Rome”和“popular meals”可知，这些美食是罗马这个“地区”的特色。故选D项。 32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：罗马不仅有很多高档商店，还有很多我能承受价格的商店。A. crowded拥挤的；B. energetic有活力的；C. fancy高档的、精致的；D. convenient方便的。根据后文“but also plenty of shops that are in my price range”可知，前文指“高档的”商店，二者形成价格对比。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是给家人和朋友买礼物的绝佳机会。A. behavior行为；B. opinion观点；C. feature特征；D. opportunity机会。根据前文“plenty of shops that are in my price range”可知，罗马的购物环境为买礼物提供了“绝佳机会”。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢参观新地方，尤其是首都城市。A. capital首都；B. high-end高端的；C. unique独特的；D. shocked震惊的。根据前文作者游览罗马（意大利首都），以及后文“because I also visited Amsterdam in the summer.”可知，作者特别喜欢游览“首都”城市。故选A项。 Section B (18%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I start every summer with the best of intentions: to attack one big book from the past, a classic that I was supposed to have read when young and ambitious. Often the pairings of books and settings have been purely accidental: Moby Dick on a three-day cross-country train trip; The Magic Mountain in a New England beachside cottage with no locks on the doors, no telephones or televisions in the rooms, and little to do beyond row on the salt pond. Attempting The Man Without Qualities on a return to Hawaii, my native state, however, was less fruitful: I made it through one and a quarter volumes, then decided that I’d got the point and went swimming instead. But this summer I find myself at a loss. I’m not quite interested in Balzac, say, or Tristram Shandy. There’s always War and Peace, which I’ve covered some distance several times, only to get bogged down in the “War” part, set it aside for a while, and realize that I have to start over from the beginning again, having forgotten everyone’s name and social rank. How appealing to simply fall back on a favorite — once more into The Waves or Justine, which feels almost like cheating, too exciting and too much fun to properly belong in serious literature. And then there’s Stendhal’s The Red and the Black, which happens to be the name of my favorite cocktail of the summer, created by Michael Cecconi at Savoy and BackForty. It is easy to drink, and knocking back three or four seems like such a delightful idea. Cecconi’s theory: “I take whatever is fresh at the green market and turn it into liquid.” The result is a pure shot of afternoon in the park, making one feel cheerful and peaceful all at once, lying on uncut grass with eyes shut, sun beating through the lids... 35. What can we infer about the author from the first paragraph? A. He has a cottage in New England. B. He shows talents for literature. C. He enjoys reading when traveling. D. He admires a lot of great writers. 36. Why does the author say reading his favorite books feels like cheating? A. He finishes them quickly. B. He should read something serious. C. He barely understands them. D. He has read them many times before. 37. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Books of Summer. B. My Summer Holidays. C. To Read or Not to Read. D. It’s Never Too Late to Read. 【答案】35. C 36. B 37. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者每年夏天都打算阅读经典名著的经历，今年却陷入选择困境，既不想读某些经典，又觉得重读喜爱的书不像正经文学阅读，还提到了一款同名鸡尾酒。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I start every summer with the best of intentions: to attack one big book from the past, a classic that I was supposed to have read when young and ambitious. Often the pairings of books and settings have been purely accidental: Moby Dick on a three-day cross-country train trip; The Magic Mountain in a New England beachside cottage with no locks on the doors, no telephones or televisions in the rooms, and little to do beyond row on the salt pond. Attempting The Man Without Qualities on a return to Hawaii, my native state, however, was less fruitful: I made it through one and a quarter volumes, then decided that I’d got the point and went swimming instead.(每年夏天，我都怀着美好的愿望开始：攻克一本过去的巨著，一本我年轻时满怀抱负本该读过的经典。书籍和阅读场景的搭配往往纯属偶然：在三天的越野火车旅行中读《白鲸记》；在新英格兰海滨小屋读《魔山》，那间小屋门没有锁，房间里没有电话和电视，除了在咸水湖里划船几乎无事可做。然而，回到家乡夏威夷时尝试读《没有个性的人》却没那么顺利：我读完了一卷零四分之一，然后觉得自己已经领会了主旨，就去游泳了。)”可知，作者在不同的旅行场景（越野火车旅行、海滨小屋度假、返乡夏威夷）中都安排了阅读经典名著的计划，即便有时未能读完，但能看出他有在旅行时阅读的习惯，且享受这种阅读方式。故选C项。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“How appealing to simply fall back on a favorite — once more into The Waves or Justine, which feels almost like cheating, too exciting and too much fun to properly belong in serious literature.(简单地重温一本心爱的书是多么吸引人啊——再读一遍《海浪》或《朱斯汀》，这感觉几乎像是作弊，因为它们太令人兴奋、太有趣了，不适合归入严肃文学的范畴。)”可知，作者认为自己本该阅读经典名著这类严肃文学，而重读喜爱的书过于有趣，不符合严肃阅读的初衷，所以觉得像“作弊”。故选B项。 【37题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“I start every summer with the best of intentions: to attack one big book from the past, a classic that I was supposed to have read when young and ambitious.(每年夏天，我都怀着美好的愿望开始：攻克一本过去的巨著，一本我年轻时满怀抱负本该读过的经典。)”和第二段中的“But this summer I find myself at a loss.(但今年夏天我却不知所措。)”以及全文围绕作者每年夏天的阅读计划、经历和困惑展开可知，“夏日的书籍”最能概括文章核心主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选A项。 (B) The governess was one of the most familiar figures in mid-Victorian life and literature. The 1851 Census revealed that 25,000 women earned their living teaching and caring for other women’s children. Most governesses lived with their employers and were paid a small salary on top of their board and lodging. From the 1840s novelists started to put governesses into their fiction. In 1847 Charlotte Bronte published Jane Eyre, the story of a governess who eventually marries her employer, Mr Rochester. The same year William Thackeray started publishing Vanity Fair, in which a scheming young governess called Becky Sharp cheats her way through the high society. It made sense for the Victorian heroine to be a governess. Just like an orphan, the governess had to make her own way in the world, with no resources to call upon. Her status as a “lady” allowed her to mix in the best circles, but the fact that she worked meant that she also encountered all sorts of people and situations that would have been far-fetched for a girl who lived with her parents. Who became a governess? The first part of the 19th century was marked by deep economic distress. A series of bank failures meant that many middle-class families found themselves destitute overnight. Young men from good homes could go out to work from the age of 15 without being ashamed. But their sisters, educated to be “ladies”, would have felt humiliated to be seen serving in a shop or working in a factory alongside working-class girls. The only possibility was to get a job as a teacher. Who employed a governess? The upper classes had employed governesses for centuries. But from the beginning of the 19th century the wealthier sections of the middle classes followed suit. Employing a governess sent a signal that the lady of the house was too “genteel” to teach her daughters herself. Just as she employed servants to clean her house, she paid another woman to raise her children. Hiring a governess became a status symbol. What did the governess teach? The governess could find herself teaching “the three Rs” (reading, writing and arithmetic) to the youngest. If her pupils were older teens, the governess would also be expected to instruct them in key “accomplishments” such as drawing, playing piano, and dancing, all designed to attract a husband in a crowded marriage market. The governess might also be in charge of small boys up to the age of eight. She was expected to look after her pupils’ moral education too, setting a good example of modest, moral behaviour. 38. The reason why governesses flooded Victorian literature is that ________. A. the Victorian readers preferred stories of orphaned governesses B. governesses were more morally desirable than the leisured ladies who don’t work C. governesses proved the possibility of climbing the social ladder without resources D. governesses had access to the complex world where they experienced various adventures 39. Which is TRUE according to the text? A. Most governesses had to choose between free accommodation and humble wages. B. The governess was not allowed to teach young boys. C. Governessing was the most ladylike and respectable vocation available for women. D. The wealthy employers wished to learn from the governess how to teach their own daughters. 40. Which historical illustration best depicts the duty of a governess mentioned in the text? A. The New governess: “Why are you staring so intently, Blanche, dear?” Blanche: “I was trying to count the freckles (雀斑) on your face, Miss Sandpole, but I can’t!” B. The New governess: “If you saw a poor man starving in the street, wouldn’t you give him some of your pudding, Tommy?” Tommy: “I’d give him some of yours.” C. Proud Mother (to the new Governess): “And here is a pencil, Miss Green, and a note-book in which I wish you to write down all the clever and remarkable things the dear children may say during your walk.” D. The new Governess: “How dare you Tommy! I shall tell your mommy!” Tommy: “Oh, I don’t care what mommy says!” 【答案】38. D 39. C 40. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。女家庭教师是维多利亚中期社会生活中以及文学作品中最常见的形象之一，文章描述了这一现象及其背后的原因。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Her status as a “lady” allowed her to mix in the best circles, but the fact that she worked meant that she also encountered all sorts of people and situations that would have been far-fetched for a girl who lived with her parents.(她身为“淑女”的身份使她能够融入最上层的社交圈，但她的职业身份又意味着她会接触到各种各样的人和情况，而这些对于一个与父母同住的女孩来说是难以想象的。)”可知，女家庭教师既保有“淑女”身份又需工作，因而能接触到不同阶层与复杂的社会境况，经历各种奇遇，这一点在当时的其他“淑女”角色中较为少见，故文学作品中常以她们为主角。故选D。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Who became a governess?”中的“But their sisters, educated to be “ladies”, would have felt humiliated to be seen serving in a shop or working in a factory alongside working-class girls. The only possibility was to get a job as a teacher.(但她们的姐妹们，从小就被教育要成为“淑女”，要是被人看到在商店里当售货员，或者和工人阶级的女孩们一起在工厂里干活，会觉得很丢脸。唯一的出路就是去当老师。)”可知，女家庭教师是当时女性所能从事的最娴淑高贵的、最受人尊敬的职业。故选C。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“What did the governess teach?”中的“She was expected to look after her pupils’ moral education too, setting a good example of modest, moral behaviour.(她还需要顾及学生的道德教育，以谦逊、正直的行为树立良好的榜样。)”可知，选项B所示的场景和对话中，教师通过“给路边挨饿的穷人一些布丁”一事对孩子进行品德教育，最能体现文本所述的“道德教育”职责。故选B。 (C) The Enduring Hope of Jane Goodall During World War II, young Jane Goodall was often woken by air-raid sirens. While her sister rushed to the bomb shelter, Jane refused to leave her bed. “They had to take me down with all my bedclothes,” she recalls. Eight decades later, in the same house, she displayed the same stubbornness. As a camera crew were bustling about searching for furniture, Goodall stood still. Speaking softly yet with strong belief, she suggested her bedroom instead. Then she led the group upstairs, successful. Goodall’s quiet determination enabled her to patiently wait for others to come around. In 1960, the 26-year-old sat for months in Tanzanian forests, waiting for chimpanzees to accept her presence. Her patience provided the opportunity to observe them closely, leading to her remarkable discovery of tool use among chimps. This finding transformed our understanding of human-animal relationships, earning her global fame. While pursuing her Ph.D. at Cambridge in 1962, professors criticized her for using human names and emotions to describe chimps. Rather than confront them, she recalls, “I just quietly went on doing what I knew was right.” Though she later adopted more scientific language, her belief in chimps as intelligent social animals is now widely accepted and has paved the way for tighter restrictions on lab testing of chimpanzees. After Goodall shifted from research to activism in the 1980s, her steady, non-confrontational approach allowed her to become one of the most productive environmentalists in modern history. She made the best use of her own life story — drawing on the powerful image of a lone woman living among the animals — to get people excited about environmentalism in an era when it was a marginal activity. Through the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI), which she founded in 1977, she raised funds for habitat conservation projects, poverty-alleviation programs, and animal shelters. And as she travelled around the world, she added countless new stories to her collection: on history, animal behavior, human originality and more. These, rather than protests, became her campaign tools. “If I’m trying to change somebody who disagrees with me — I choose not to be holier-than-thou (自命清高),” she says. “You’ve got to reach the heart. And I do that through storytelling.” 41. Paragraphs 1 & 2 are intended to show Jane Goodall ________. A. was very clever since she was a little girl B. remained calm even under wartime conditions C. was very determined to do what she thought was right D. respected other people and didn’t bother to change their mind 42. According to the article, which of the following statements is true about Goodall? A. Her patience with observing chimps helped her make great discoveries. B. The way that Goodall studied wild chimps was encouraged by her professors. C. She helped make chimpanzees more available in lab testing. D. She founded the Jane Goodall Institute to raise money for Tanzania. 43. After Goodall shifted from research to advocacy, she would try to ________ if she wanted to change someone’s mind. A. tell amazing stories B. set them a good example C. share her feelings with them D. teach them to think for themselves 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了简·古道尔凭借坚定的意志、耐心和非对抗性方式，在黑猩猩研究及环保活动中取得卓越成就，传递持久希望的故事。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“While her sister rushed to the bomb shelter, Jane refused to leave her bed. “They had to take me down with all my bedclothes,” she recalls. (当姐姐冲向防空洞时，简却拒绝下床。“他们不得不把我连人带被褥一起抬下去，”她回忆道。)”以及第二段中的“As a camera crew were bustling about searching for furniture, Goodall stood still. Speaking softly yet with strong belief, she suggested her bedroom instead. Then she led the group upstairs, successful.(当摄制组忙着寻找拍摄用的家具时，古道尔站着不动。她语气柔和却信念坚定地提议用自己的卧室。随后她带领团队上楼，最终成功说服了大家。)”可知，这两段通过简·古道尔在童年和晚年的两个事例，展现了她坚持做自己认为正确之事的坚定意志。故选C项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Her patience provided the opportunity to observe them closely, leading to her remarkable discovery of tool use among chimps.(她的耐心让她有机会近距离观察黑猩猩，进而得出了一项非凡的发现——黑猩猩会使用工具。)”可知，简·古道尔观察黑猩猩时的耐心帮助她取得了重大发现。故选A项。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“If I’m trying to change somebody who disagrees with me — I choose not to be holier-than-thou,” she says. “You’ve got to reach the heart. And I do that through storytelling.(“如果我想改变那些与我意见相左的人——我不会自命清高，”她说。“你必须触动他们的心灵。而我是通过讲故事来做到这一点的。”)”可知，简·古道尔从研究转向倡导活动后，若想改变他人想法，会通过讲述精彩故事的方式。故选A项。 V．GrammarⅡ (7%) Directions: Complete the sentences by using the given verbs in their proper forms 44. In Finland, babies come with a box. For the past 75 years, Finland’s mothers-to-be ________ (give) a box by the government. It’s a starter kit of nappies, clothes, sheets and toys. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been given 【解析】 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：在芬兰，婴儿出生时会附带一个盒子。过去75年来，芬兰的准妈妈们都会收到政府发放的这个盒子。里面装有尿布、衣服、床单和玩具等新生儿用品。时间状语“For the past 75 years”表示从过去持续到现在的时间段，谓语动词需用现在完成时；主语“Finland’s mothers-to-be”与动词“give”之间为被动关系，需用被动语态；现在完成时的被动语态结构为“have/has been +过去分词”，主语为复数，助动词用have，give的过去分词为given。故填have been given。 45. I loved going to school because I knew Mrs. Mary Argo ________ (add) humor through the day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would add 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我以前特别喜欢上学，因为我知道Mary Argo老师总能让一整天的时光都充满欢声笑语。分析句子结构可知，because引导的状语从句中，knew后为省略了引导词that的宾语从句，根据空前为一般过去时的谓语“loved”和“knew”可知，从句也应用过去的某种时态，且此处表示“过去已知的、会发生的动作”，应用过去将来时，符合“描述过去上学时已知老师将会带来幽默”的语境。故填would add。 46. It’s reported that by the end of this year, huge amounts of good earth ________ (wash) away due to cutting down too many trees. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have been washed 【解析】 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：据报道，到今年年底，由于砍伐了太多树木，大量的沃土将会被冲走。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“by the end of this year”可知，此处表示未来完成的时间点，谓语动词需用将来完成时；主语“huge amounts of good earth”与动词“wash away”之间为被动关系，需用被动语态；将来完成时的被动语态结构为“will have been +过去分词”，wash的过去分词为washed。故填will have been washed。 47. The old factory didn’t stop production until the government ________ (send) a formal shutdown notice last month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】sent 【解析】 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：这家老工厂直到上个月政府发出正式的停产通知才停止生产。此处为时间状语从句中的谓语动词，根据时间状语“last month”可知，此处动作发生在过去，谓语动词用一般过去时；send的过去式为sent。故填sent。 48. When it comes to ________ (select) a site for the new greenhouse, experts will determine the best location based on sunlight and water source. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】selecting 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当涉及到为新温室选址时，专家们将根据光照和水源确定最佳位置。根据固定句型“when it comes to doing sth. (当涉及到做某事时)”可知，to为介词，后接动名词形式selecting，作宾语。故填selecting。 49. In a hospital in Brazil, different kinds of gifts are chosen by a soon-to-be mother as she asks her husband for advice. The gifts ________ (give) to each person who comes to the hospital when the baby is born. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be given 【解析】 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：在巴西的一家医院里，一位准妈妈会挑选各种各样的礼物，并征求丈夫的意见。这些礼物将在婴儿出生时送给每一位来医院的人。根据“when the baby is born”可知，动作发生在未来，谓语动词需用一般将来时；主语“The gifts”与动词“give”之间为被动关系，需用被动语态；一般将来时的被动语态结构为“will be+过去分词”，give的过去分词为given。故填will be given。 50. The cake ________ (bake) in the oven right now. Soon you’ll have something to eat. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being baked 【解析】 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：蛋糕现在正在烤箱里烤着。很快你就有东西吃了。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“right now”可知，此处表示动作正在进行，谓语动词需用现在进行时；主语“The cake”与动词“bake”之间为被动关系，需用被动语态；现在进行时的被动语态结构为“am/is/are being +过去分词”，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用is，bake的过去分词为baked。故填is being baked。 VI．Reading (8%) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Talk — A powerful tool in family education It is found that American students spend less than 15% of their time in school. ___51___. A study published earlier this month by researchers at North Carolina State University, for example, finds that parental involvement — checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home — has a more powerful influence on students’ academic performance than anything at the school the students attend. Another study, published in the Review of Economics and Statistics, reports that the effort put forth by parents reading stories aloud is very effective. And a third study concludes that schools would have to increase their spending by more than $1,000 per pupil in order to achieve the same results that are gained with parental involvement. ___52___ But it is also revealed in researches that parents, of all backgrounds, don’t need to buy expensive educational toys or digital devices for their kids in order to give them an advantage. They don’t need to drive their offspring to enrichment classes or test-preparation courses. What they need to do with their children is much simpler: talk. But not just any talk. ___53___ For example, a study conducted by researchers at the UCLA School of Public Health found that two-way adult-child conversations were six times as powerful in promoting language development as the ones in which the adult did all the talking. Engaging in this mutual back-and-forth gives children a chance to try out language for themselves, and also gives them the sense that their thoughts and opinions matter. The content of parents’ conversations with kids matters, too. Children who hear talk about counting and numbers at home start school with much more extensive mathematical knowledge, report researchers from the University of Chicago. While the conversations parents have with their children change as kids grow older, the effect of these exchanges on academic achievement remains strong. Research finds that parents play an important role in what is called “academic socialization” — setting expectations and making connections between current behavior and future goals. ___54___. A. Parental involvement makes up for what schools are not able to do. B. They have a wide range of activities after school. C. Talking with children is a very simple task. D. A number of recent studies remind us that parents are even more important than schools. E. Engaging in these sorts of conversations has a greater impact on educational accomplishment. F Recent research has indicated exactly what kinds of talk at home encourage children’s success at school. 【答案】51. D 52. A 53. F 54. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了沟通是家庭教育中的有力工具，多项研究表明父母参与对孩子学业表现影响重大，而简单的双向交流比昂贵的教育资源更有效。 【51题详解】 根据上文“It is found that American students spend less than 15% of their time in school. (研究发现，美国学生在学校的时间不到15%。)”以及下文“A study published earlier this month by researchers at North Carolina State University, for example, finds that parental involvement — checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home — has a more powerful influence on students’ academic performance than anything at the school the students attend. (例如，北卡罗来纳州立大学的研究人员本月早些时候发表的一项研究发现，父母的参与——检查作业、参加学校会议和活动、在家讨论学校活动——对学生学业表现的影响比学生所在学校的任何事情都要大。)”可知，前文指出学生在校时间短，下文通过研究说明父母参与的影响大于学校，空格处需引出“父母比学校更重要”的核心观点。D选项“A number of recent studies remind us that parents are even more important than schools. (最近的多项研究提醒我们，父母甚至比学校更重要。)”中的“more important than schools”与下文研究结论相呼应，衔接上下文，符合语境。故选D项。 【52题详解】 根据下文“But it is also revealed in researches that parents, of all backgrounds, don’t need to buy expensive educational toys or digital devices for their kids in order to give them an advantage. (但研究也显示，无论背景如何，父母不需要为孩子购买昂贵的教育玩具或数码设备来让他们获得优势。)”可知，下文用“but”转折，强调父母无需花费过多，空格处需先说明父母参与的作用。A选项“Parental involvement makes up for what schools are not able to do. (父母的参与弥补了学校无法做到的事情。)”承接上文父母参与的重要性，与下文“无需昂贵投入”形成转折，符合语境。故选A项。 【53题详解】 根据上文“But not just any talk. (但不是随便什么谈话都可以。)”以及下文“For example, a study conducted by researchers at the UCLA School of Public Health found that two-way adult-child conversations were six times as powerful in promoting language development as the ones in which the adult did all the talking. (例如，加州大学洛杉矶分校公共卫生学院的研究人员进行的一项研究发现，成人与儿童的双向对话在促进语言发展方面的效果是成人单向说话的六倍。)”可知，前文强调谈话需有特定类型，下文举例说明双向对话的效果，空格处需引出“何种谈话对孩子有益”的话题。F选项“Recent research has indicated exactly what kinds of talk at home encourage children’s success at school. (最近的研究确切地指出了家庭中什么样的谈话能鼓励孩子在学校取得成功。)”中的“what kinds of talk”呼应上文“not just any talk”，引出下文具体研究案例，符合语境。故选F项。 【54题详解】 根据上文“Research finds that parents play an important role in what is called “academic socialization” — setting expectations and making connections between current behavior and future goals. (研究发现，父母在所谓的“学业社会化”中扮演着重要角色——设定期望，并将当前行为与未来目标联系起来。)”可知，前文介绍父母与孩子关于“学业社会化”的谈话，空格处需说明这类谈话的影响。E选项“Engaging in these sorts of conversations has a greater impact on educational accomplishment. (参与这类谈话对学业成就有更大的影响。)”中的“these sorts of conversations”指代上文“academic socialization”相关的谈话，“greater impact on educational accomplishment”点明其积极作用，符合语境。故选E项。 VII．Translation (14%) (3+3+4+4) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 55. 我提醒我女儿下个礼拜三她要代表全班把这个礼物送给他们的数学老师。(behalf) (汉译英) ________________________________________________ 【答案】I reminded my daughter that she would present this gift to their math teacher on behalf of the whole class next Wednesday. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、动词和宾语从句。表示“提醒某人作某事”用remind sb. that...，其中that引导宾语从句，“提醒”这一动作发生在过去，应用过去式reminded；表示“我女儿”用my daughter；表示“把这个礼物送给某人”用present this gift to sb.，主句谓语是一般过去时reminded，宾语从句谓语应用过去将来时would present；表示“他们的数学老师”用their math teacher，作宾语；表示“代表”用短语on behalf of；表示“全班”用the whole class，作宾语；表示“下礼拜三”用next Wednesday，作时间状语。故翻译为I reminded my daughter that she would present this gift to their math teacher on behalf of the whole class next Wednesday. 56. 人们普遍认为一次性塑料制品虽然很方便，却给气候变化带来了负面影响。（assume）（汉译英） ________________________________________________ 【答案】It is widely assumed that although disposable plastic products are very convenient, they have negative impacts on climate change. 【解析】 【详解】 考查固定句型、状语从句和动词搭配。根据句意，表示“人们普遍认为”可使用“It is widely assumed that...”结构，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句；表示“尽管一次性塑料制品非常方便”可以为although引导的让步状语从句，表示“一次性塑料制品”为disposable plastic products作主语，表示“很方便”为very convenient，谓语动词为be动词，此处讲述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，所以be动词为is；主句部分“却给气候变化带来了负面影响”中，主语为“他们”为they，表示“对……产生负面影响”为have negative impacts on，表示“气候变化”为climate change作宾语。故翻译为It is widely assumed that although disposable plastic products are very convenient, they have negative impacts on climate change. 57. 自从他定居西安以来，他已经出去旅行了好几次，因为那些历史遗迹让他感到很震撼。(set out) (汉译英) ________________________________________________ 【答案】Since he settled in Xi’an, he has set out on trips several times, as the historical relics there never fail to amaze him. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、短语和连词。表示“自从……以来”用连词since，引导时间状语从句，从句谓语用一般过去时，主句谓语用现在完成时，表示“定居西安”用短语settled in Xi’an；表示“出去旅行”用动词短语has set out on trips；表示“好几次”用several times；表示“因为”用as引导原因状语从句；表示“历史遗迹”用名词短语historical relics，作从句主语；“让他感到很震撼”可用never fail to amaze him，fail to do是固定搭配，意为“未能做某事”，amaze是动词，意为“使惊奇”。故翻译为Since he settled in Xi’an, he has set out on trips several times, as the historical relics there never fail to amaze him. 58. 近年来，这家公司将碳足迹纳入考虑范围，开发出众多节能产品，减少了包装废弃物。（consideration）（汉译英） ________________________________________________ 【答案】In recent years, the company has taken carbon footprint into consideration, developed a large number of energy-efficient products, and reduced packaging waste. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和短语。表示“近年来”短语为in recent years；主语“这家公司”用the company；表示“将……纳入考虑范围”可用take…into consideration；表示“碳足迹”短语为carbon footprint；表示“开发”用动词develop；表示“众多节能产品”为a large number of energy-efficient products；and连接并列谓语；表示“减少”用动词reduce；表示“包装废弃物”为packaging waste。表示过去的动作对现在的影响用现在完成时。故翻译为In recent years, the company has taken carbon footprint into consideration, developed a large number of energy-efficient products, and reduced packaging waste. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $