寒假作业11 语法填空特训（巩固培优）九年级英语人教版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业11 语法填空特训 解｜题｜技｜巧 中考语法填空解题技巧 一、解题五步法 1. 通读全文，把握主旨（30秒内） 2. 分析空格类型，精准定位考点 语法填空空格分两类，解题策略不同： - 给出提示词（约6-7题）：提示词多为动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词，需根据语法规则变形。 ①动词：优先判断时态/语态（结合语境），再看非谓语（to do/doing/done）。 例：If you keep ______ (practice) English, you will improve.（提示词practice，keep后接doing，填practicing）。 -②名词：考虑单复数（根据冠词a/an、数词、代词these/those判断）、所有格（名词后加’s或s’）。例：There are three ______ (child) in the park.（提示词child，three后接复数，填children）。 -③形容词/副词：判断原级、比较级、最高级（根据than、the、语境程度判断），或形容词变副词（修饰动词、形容词、句子需用副词）。 例：She sings ______ (beautiful) than her sister.（提示词beautiful，than后用比较级，填more beautifully）。 -④代词：根据语境填人称代词（主格/宾格）、物主代词（形容词性/名词性）、反身代词。 例：My book is here, where is ______ (you)?（提示词you，此处需名词性物主代词，填yours）。 - 未给提示词（约3-4题）：需填冠词、介词、连词、情态动词、代词（it/there等），依赖固定搭配和逻辑分析。 ①冠词：a/an（泛指单数可数名词，an接元音音素开头）、the（特指、序数词前、独一无二的事物前）。例：______ sun rises in the east.（特指太阳，填The）。 ②介词：固定搭配优先（如look forward to、be interested in、take care of），无固定搭配则根据语境（时间、地点、方式等）判断。例：We will have a party ______ New Year’s Eve.（固定搭配on New Year’s Eve，填on）。 ③连词：并列连词（and/but/or/so/for）、从属连词（that/which/who/where/when/if/because等）。例：I don’t know ______ he will come or not.（whether...or not固定搭配，填whether）。 ④情态动词：根据语境填can/may/must/should/will等，注意语气（肯定、否定、疑问）。例：You ______ finish your homework before watching TV.（表义务，填should）。 3.填完后需回归上下文，检查： - 时态是否与全文基调一致：若全文为一般现在时，空格不可随意用过去式（除非有明确过去时间状语，如yesterday、last week）。 - 逻辑是否连贯：如填连词时，but表转折、so表因果，需确保前后语义符合逻辑。例：He is young, ______ he knows a lot.（前后转折，填but）。 - 固定搭配是否准确：如“花费时间做某事”是spend time doing sth.，不可填to do。 4. 检查细节，规避常见错误 - 拼写错误：如副词变形（happy→happily，易误写为happyly）、名词复数（knife→knives，易误写为knifes）。 - 主谓一致：集体名词（family、team）作主语时，若表整体用单数，表成员用复数。例：My family ______ (be) big.（表整体，填is）；My family ______ (be) watching TV.（表成员，填are）。 - 大小写：句首单词首字母大写，专有名词（人名、地名、节日）首字母大写。 - 代词格：作主语用主格（I/you/he），作宾语用宾格（me/you/him）。 5.复读全文，确保流畅 最后快速通读一遍，检查所有空格是否填完，语法是否正确，语义是否连贯，无明显逻辑漏洞。 三、避坑指南 1. 不要忽视语境只看语法：如提示词为动词，若只考虑时态而忽略非谓语，易出错（例：He wants ______ (go) to school. 需填to go，而非goes）。 2. 不要死记固定搭配而不结合语境：如“in the tree”（外来物在树上）和“on the tree”（树本身的东西），需根据语境判断。 3. 不要遗漏大小写和拼写：如February易误写为Feburary，Wednesday易误写为Wendesday，需重点记忆不规则拼写。 4. 不要盲目填冠词：不可数名词（如water、music）前一般不加a/an，泛指时不加the。 一、高频考点总结 1. 动词相关（时态、语态、非谓语）：中考语法填空的重中之重，约占3-4题。需重点掌握一般现在/过去时、现在完成时，被动语态（be done），非谓语动词（to do表目的、doing表主动/进行、done表被动/完成）。 2. 名词与代词：约占2题。名词侧重单复数、所有格；代词侧重物主代词、反身代词、不定代词（some/any、few/little）。 3. 形容词与副词：约占1-2题。侧重比较级、最高级变形，形容词变副词的规则（一般加ly，以y结尾变y为i加ly，以e结尾加ly）。 4. 冠词与介词：约占1-2题。冠词侧重a/an/the的区别；介词侧重固定搭配（如in the morning、on Sunday、at 3 o’clock）。 5. 连词：约占1题。并列连词（and/but/or）和从属连词（if/when/because/that/which）为高频考点。 6. 情态动词：约占0-1题。侧重can（能力）、may（许可）、must（必须）、should（建议）的用法。 7. 主谓一致与特殊句式：约占0-1题。特殊句式如there be句型（就近原则）、it作形式主语/宾语。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型（题目难度逐层递增） 一、短文填空(每题1分，共45分) A The Lantern Festival is an important festival in China. It 1 (begin) 2, 000 years ago during the Han Dynasty. It falls on the 15th day of the first lunar month. The lantern show is the most important part of the festival. On the night of the festival, many lanterns are 2 (hang) in the streets and parks. People often go out and watch the lantern show with their family, 3 (relative) or friends. Lantern riddle games are also popular during the Lantern Festival. Riddles 4 (be) written on colourful lanterns. If someone gets 5 right answer, he or she will get a present. Tangyuan is the traditional food of the Lantern Festival and guests are 6 (treat) with it on the festival. It can have many different fillings 7 tastes. Shaped like a round ball, tangyuan is delicious. On the one hand, people eat tangyuan for good luck. On the other hand, the shape of tangyuan means family reunion (团圆). Shows are everywhere all day. In the daytime, people can enjoy the performances such as a dragon lantern dance, a lion dance, a Yangge dance and beating drums with 8 (they) family. At night, except 9 the beautiful lanterns, fireworks form a beautiful scene. Some local governments 10 (usual) organize a fireworks party. B （2021·河北·中考真题）Hi Alice, My name’s Zhao Ming and I’d like to be your pen friend. I’m 16 years old. I have two little brothers. They’re very 11 (love). I often help my parents look 12 them in my spare time. My mother 13 (work) in a toy shop. She loves 14 (she) job. And my father is 15 engineer. He is busy every day, 16 he tries to spend more time with us. I’m in the school basketball team. We usually play 17 (match) on Saturday mornings. Last week, we played against another school. They ran 18 (fast) than us. However, we had better teamwork. Finally, we 19 (win)! How happy we were! This is the 20 (eight) time we beat them. Could you tell me something about you? Please write. Best, Zhao Ming C （2021·湖南怀化·中考真题）Li Wen lives with his grandparents in the countryside. He is 21 14-year-old boy. He 22 (work) hard and does well in school. It is hard to believe that he used to have many 23 (problem) in school. When he was a little boy, he hardly caused any trouble. But after his parents went to work in the city, they could not look after him 24 (careful). So Li Wen disliked study 25 missed classes. Then his parents decided 26 (send) him to a new school. However, he was a shy boy and couldn’t make friends quickly. One day, he wanted to leave the school. His parents were very worried 27 him and came back to talk with him. After a long talk, Li Wen realized that his parents loved 28 (he) deeply. He 29 (move) by his parents. Now, he is much 30 (happy) than before. It’s very important for parents to be there for their children. D My favorite part in Tom Sawyer is when Tom 31 (tell) by his aunt to paint the gate white. The work is a punishment because he missed school one day. Of course, he does not want to do any work. At first, Tom 32 (watch) by his friends and 33 (laugh) at, so he feels quite bad. But soon he turns the situation round, and he 34 (help) by his friends instead. Tom says that he enjoys painting the gate white, and his friends want to try. He asks each friend to give him something valuable, and in return, they 35 (allow) to do some of Tom’s work. E 根据短文内容及所给提示，在文中的空白处填写一个正确的单词或用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 Charlotte Kane and Ella Marks are good friends. The girls’ dreams are to become 36 (direct). They have made movies together 37 they were in the fifth grade. They often spend their spare time 38 (make) movies together in their Noe Valley neighborhood. Charlotte and Ella taught 39 (they) how to use editing software (软件) for their first movie, The Adventures of the Annoying Apple. Because they had so much fun, they decided to start their own production 40 (company). Charlotte named hers Murphy Films, after her dog, and Ella named hers Avocado Films, after the avocado (鳄梨) tree in her yard. They asked their younger sisters, Catiiin Kane, 10, and Maggie Marks, 10, to perform some roles 41 the movies. Now, Charlotte, Ella, Catilin and Maggie are sharing their love of movie-making with the world. They 42 (start) their own film festival this year, called the Noe Valley Girls Film Festival (NVGFF). “It’s 43 pity that there aren’t many film-makers that 44 (be) girls,” Ella said. “We love to make movies so we want to increase the number of girls 45 want to do movie-making, too.” Charlotte added. 一、短文填空(每题1分，共30分) A （2021·浙江杭州·中考真题）All around the world, families celebrate special days together. Traditions for these days 1 (be) very different. Some of them may surprise you. Families in most countries have a special day to celebrate mothers. In Serbia, this day is on 2 second Sunday before Christmas. On that day, children sneak（溜）into their 3 （mother）bedroom and tie her feet with ribbon（丝带）so that she can’t get out of bed. Then they shout, “Mother’s Day, Mother’s Day! What will you pay 4 (get) away?” Then the mother gives 5 (they) small treats and presents as payment so that the kids “free” her. In China, they say that 6 (baby) are one year old when they are born. After that, all children celebrate their birthday on New Year’s Day because that’s when they grow a year 7 (old). Actual birthdays are 8 (usual) celebrated with a big family meal. The tradition is that the “birthday boy” or “birthday girl” should fill their mouth with as many long noodles 9 they can and then eat them. This is because in Chinese culture, long noodles are a symbol 10 long life. B （2022·四川眉山·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Peking Opera（京剧）is a traditional form of Chinese culture. In Peking Opera, each character has their face painted in a special way. By looking at the face painting, the audience（观众）can know whether the character is good 11 bad. Where did this kind of face painting come from? An old story told us that it had something to do 12 the Prince of Lanling. This prince was one of the four most handsome 13 （man）in ancient China. Some soldiers in the prince’s army 14 （think）that he was weak because of his good-looking face. So, to make himself look 15 （strong）than his appearance, the prince wore a mask with an ugly face painted on it. Another face painting story was about Li Longji, 16 emperor in the Tang Dynasty. He loved opera very much. One day, a clown actor（丑角）fell ill right before a performance. The emperor planned 17 （play）this role himself. Then he covered his face with a piece of white square jade（玉）so that others wouldn’t be able to recognize 18 （he）. Ever since then, clown actors 19 （continue）to paint white squares on their faces. As time went on, face painting started being 20 （wide）used to show the characters of different roles. It has become one of the many special art forms of Peking Opera. C （2022·湖北襄阳·中考真题）阅读下面的短文，在短文空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式，使短文的意思完整。 We can find Chinese people growing vegetables tirelessly in every corner of the world. When the Chinese move into a house in 21 foreign country, they always grow vegetables in the garden. Even at the frozen South Pole( 南极), there’s a “vegetable greenhouse” built up by the members of Zhongshan Scientific Research Station, which 22 (true) provides enough vegetables. Such a difficult situation cannot stop those 23 (science) love for vegetable growing. Although more cheap and fresh vegetables 24 (place) on the shelves of supermarkets, the Chinese people’s love for growing vegetables themselves never goes away. Besides, some people even build virtual(虚拟的) farms in smart phones to get the 25 (please) of growing vegetables. Why do many Chinese grow vegetables in both daily lives and the virtual world? Such love comes from the Chinese history. 26 (fill) their stomachs, Chinese people have formed a tradition of hard work. In China’s culture, working hard solves the stomach problem 27 studying satisfies the hunger for knowledge. And now, smarter technologies are used for growing vegetables. Even in the outer space, Chinese astronaut Jing Haipeng showed how he grew vegetables in 28 (spacial) laboratory of Tiangong-2 space station. Nothing can prevent the Chinese people 29 vegetable growing. The “Chinese vegetable gardens” 30 (produce) hopes across the world, and they also carry the best wishes of the Chinese people to their ancestors. 一、短文填空（每题1分，共20分） A （2022·陕西西安·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整正确。 Nowadays, we can call our friends from a thousand kilometers away. We can talk to each other at the tap (轻敲) of a button on WeChat. Developments of technology have brought us 1 (close) together than ever before. It is, of course, the most 2 (convenience) and quickest way of communication. However, do we ever think about what we are losing? As someone who 3 (like) writing and receiving letters, I often feel sad that so few people now give letter writing a fair chance. While you might consider letter writing to be out-of-date, I believe we should all write and send letters more often. To begin with, there is lots of love in a handwritten letter. This is 4 texting or calling doesn’t feel as special as writing. These days, we focus on getting things 5 (do) in the quickest way. Handwritten letters, however, deliver (传递) much more 6 (warm) because they take time for us to prepare. When we receive a letter, we feel we are loved, remembered and missed. In fact, the process of writing a letter can make us feel happy, too. When we sit down and focus on what we are writing, we allow 7 (we) to take a break from the stress of our lives. Moreover, while texts come and go, letters can be 8 (keep) forever. We can always go back and read them again. 9 keeping a letter, we keep a part of that person and his or her relationship with us. 10 pick up your pen! Let’s bring back the art of letter writing. B The end of the handshake: saying hello during the coronavirus Say no to 11 handshake, give up high fives, refuse kisses on the cheek and definitely avoid 12 (hug). All around the world people are changing their daily habits at work and at home to reduce the risk of contracting the coronavirus and prevent it from 13 (spread). China In Beijing, red billboards tell people not to shake hands but to join their own hands together in a sign of greeting. Loudspeakers tell people 14 (make) the traditional gong shou gesture (a fist in the opposite palm) to say hello. France Newspapers have been filled with advice over how to replace handshaking—a daily formality for the French at work and 15 (kiss) on the cheek, a regular greeting habit in France even between people 16 have only just met. Lifestyle expert Philippe Lichtfus, who has been 17 (wide) cited in the media, insists that handshakes are a relatively recent 18 (develop) in human history that began in the Middle Ages. He says simply looking into a person's eyes can suffice as a greeting. Australia Brad Hazzard, the New South Wales health minister, 19 (advise) people not to shake hands and 20 give each other a pat on the back. “I won't say don't kiss.” he said, “but you could be exercising a degree of care and caution with whom you choose to kiss.” 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业11 语法填空特训 解｜题｜技｜巧 中考语法填空解题技巧 一、解题五步法 1. 通读全文，把握主旨（30秒内） 2. 分析空格类型，精准定位考点 语法填空空格分两类，解题策略不同： - 给出提示词（约6-7题）：提示词多为动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词，需根据语法规则变形。 ①动词：优先判断时态/语态（结合语境），再看非谓语（to do/doing/done）。 例：If you keep ______ (practice) English, you will improve.（提示词practice，keep后接doing，填practicing）。 -②名词：考虑单复数（根据冠词a/an、数词、代词these/those判断）、所有格（名词后加’s或s’）。例：There are three ______ (child) in the park.（提示词child，three后接复数，填children）。 -③形容词/副词：判断原级、比较级、最高级（根据than、the、语境程度判断），或形容词变副词（修饰动词、形容词、句子需用副词）。 例：She sings ______ (beautiful) than her sister.（提示词beautiful，than后用比较级，填more beautifully）。 -④代词：根据语境填人称代词（主格/宾格）、物主代词（形容词性/名词性）、反身代词。 例：My book is here, where is ______ (you)?（提示词you，此处需名词性物主代词，填yours）。 - 未给提示词（约3-4题）：需填冠词、介词、连词、情态动词、代词（it/there等），依赖固定搭配和逻辑分析。 ①冠词：a/an（泛指单数可数名词，an接元音音素开头）、the（特指、序数词前、独一无二的事物前）。例：______ sun rises in the east.（特指太阳，填The）。 ②介词：固定搭配优先（如look forward to、be interested in、take care of），无固定搭配则根据语境（时间、地点、方式等）判断。例：We will have a party ______ New Year’s Eve.（固定搭配on New Year’s Eve，填on）。 ③连词：并列连词（and/but/or/so/for）、从属连词（that/which/who/where/when/if/because等）。例：I don’t know ______ he will come or not.（whether...or not固定搭配，填whether）。 ④情态动词：根据语境填can/may/must/should/will等，注意语气（肯定、否定、疑问）。例：You ______ finish your homework before watching TV.（表义务，填should）。 3.填完后需回归上下文，检查： - 时态是否与全文基调一致：若全文为一般现在时，空格不可随意用过去式（除非有明确过去时间状语，如yesterday、last week）。 - 逻辑是否连贯：如填连词时，but表转折、so表因果，需确保前后语义符合逻辑。例：He is young, ______ he knows a lot.（前后转折，填but）。 - 固定搭配是否准确：如“花费时间做某事”是spend time doing sth.，不可填to do。 4. 检查细节，规避常见错误 - 拼写错误：如副词变形（happy→happily，易误写为happyly）、名词复数（knife→knives，易误写为knifes）。 - 主谓一致：集体名词（family、team）作主语时，若表整体用单数，表成员用复数。例：My family ______ (be) big.（表整体，填is）；My family ______ (be) watching TV.（表成员，填are）。 - 大小写：句首单词首字母大写，专有名词（人名、地名、节日）首字母大写。 - 代词格：作主语用主格（I/you/he），作宾语用宾格（me/you/him）。 5.复读全文，确保流畅 最后快速通读一遍，检查所有空格是否填完，语法是否正确，语义是否连贯，无明显逻辑漏洞。 三、避坑指南 1. 不要忽视语境只看语法：如提示词为动词，若只考虑时态而忽略非谓语，易出错（例：He wants ______ (go) to school. 需填to go，而非goes）。 2. 不要死记固定搭配而不结合语境：如“in the tree”（外来物在树上）和“on the tree”（树本身的东西），需根据语境判断。 3. 不要遗漏大小写和拼写：如February易误写为Feburary，Wednesday易误写为Wendesday，需重点记忆不规则拼写。 4. 不要盲目填冠词：不可数名词（如water、music）前一般不加a/an，泛指时不加the。 一、高频考点总结 1. 动词相关（时态、语态、非谓语）：中考语法填空的重中之重，约占3-4题。需重点掌握一般现在/过去时、现在完成时，被动语态（be done），非谓语动词（to do表目的、doing表主动/进行、done表被动/完成）。 2. 名词与代词：约占2题。名词侧重单复数、所有格；代词侧重物主代词、反身代词、不定代词（some/any、few/little）。 3. 形容词与副词：约占1-2题。侧重比较级、最高级变形，形容词变副词的规则（一般加ly，以y结尾变y为i加ly，以e结尾加ly）。 4. 冠词与介词：约占1-2题。冠词侧重a/an/the的区别；介词侧重固定搭配（如in the morning、on Sunday、at 3 o’clock）。 5. 连词：约占1题。并列连词（and/but/or）和从属连词（if/when/because/that/which）为高频考点。 6. 情态动词：约占0-1题。侧重can（能力）、may（许可）、must（必须）、should（建议）的用法。 7. 主谓一致与特殊句式：约占0-1题。特殊句式如there be句型（就近原则）、it作形式主语/宾语。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型（题目难度逐层递增） 一、短文填空(每题1分，共45分) A The Lantern Festival is an important festival in China. It 1 (begin) 2, 000 years ago during the Han Dynasty. It falls on the 15th day of the first lunar month. The lantern show is the most important part of the festival. On the night of the festival, many lanterns are 2 (hang) in the streets and parks. People often go out and watch the lantern show with their family, 3 (relative) or friends. Lantern riddle games are also popular during the Lantern Festival. Riddles 4 (be) written on colourful lanterns. If someone gets 5 right answer, he or she will get a present. Tangyuan is the traditional food of the Lantern Festival and guests are 6 (treat) with it on the festival. It can have many different fillings 7 tastes. Shaped like a round ball, tangyuan is delicious. On the one hand, people eat tangyuan for good luck. On the other hand, the shape of tangyuan means family reunion (团圆). Shows are everywhere all day. In the daytime, people can enjoy the performances such as a dragon lantern dance, a lion dance, a Yangge dance and beating drums with 8 (they) family. At night, except 9 the beautiful lanterns, fireworks form a beautiful scene. Some local governments 10 (usual) organize a fireworks party. 【答案】 1．began 2．hung 3．relatives 4．are 5．the 6．treated 7．and 8．their 9．for 10．usually 【导语】本文主要介绍元宵节以及元宵节的庆祝活动。 1．句意：它始于2000年前的汉朝。根据空后的“2, 000 years ago”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，此处应用动词的过去式形式。故填began。 2．句意：在节日的晚上，许多灯笼挂在街道和公园里。分析句子结构可知，句子主语与谓语为逻辑上的动宾关系，此处应用被动语态，所以空处应用动词的过去分词形式。故填hung。 3．句意：人们经常和家人、亲戚或朋友一起出去看灯展。根据空后的“or friends”可知，此处应用所给词的复数形式。故填relatives。 4．句意：谜语写在五颜六色的灯笼上。句子时态为一般现在时，主语为“Riddles”，所以此处应用be动词are。故填are。 5．句意：如果有人得出了正确的答案，他或她将得到一份礼物。根据“If someone gets…right answer, he or she will get a present.”的句意可知，此处表示特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。 6．句意：汤圆是元宵节的传统食物，在元宵节上，人们会用汤圆招待客人。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句的句子主语与谓语为逻辑上的动宾关系，此处应用被动语态，所以空处应用动词的过去分词形式。故填treated。 7．句意：它可以有很多不同的馅料和口味。根据“It can have many different fillings…tastes.”的句意可知，此处表示并列关系。故填and。 8．句意：白天，人们可以和家人一起欣赏舞龙、舞狮、秧歌和打鼓等表演。根据空后的“family”可知，此处应用所给词的形容词性物主代词形式。故填their。 9．句意：到了晚上，除了美丽的灯笼，烟花也是一道美丽的风景。except for“除了……以外”，固定词组。故填for。 10．句意：一些地方政府通常组织一个烟花晚会。分析句子结构可知，此处应用所给词副词形式，作状语。故填usually。 B （2021·河北·中考真题）Hi Alice, My name’s Zhao Ming and I’d like to be your pen friend. I’m 16 years old. I have two little brothers. They’re very 11 (love). I often help my parents look 12 them in my spare time. My mother 13 (work) in a toy shop. She loves 14 (she) job. And my father is 15 engineer. He is busy every day, 16 he tries to spend more time with us. I’m in the school basketball team. We usually play 17 (match) on Saturday mornings. Last week, we played against another school. They ran 18 (fast) than us. However, we had better teamwork. Finally, we 19 (win)! How happy we were! This is the 20 (eight) time we beat them. Could you tell me something about you? Please write. Best, Zhao Ming 【答案】 11．lovely 12．after 13．works 14．her 15．an 16．but 17．matches 18．faster 19．won 20．eighth 【分析】本文是赵明写给爱丽丝的信，信中介绍了自己的家人以及学校篮球队的情况。 11．句意：他们非常可爱。根据“I have two little brothers.”可知，此处修饰两个小弟弟，在句中作表语，故填lovely。 12．句意：在我的业余时间，我经常帮助我的父母照顾他们。根据“I often help my parents look…them in my spare time.”可知，此处是look after“照顾”，故填after。 13．句意：我妈妈在玩具店工作。本句陈述客观事实，时态是一般现在时，主语是My mother，谓语动词用三单，故填works。 14．句意：她热爱她的工作。此处作定语修饰 job，用形容词性物主代词，故填her。 15．句意：我父亲是一名工程师。此处表泛指，用不定冠词，engineer首字母发元音音素，故填an。 16．句意：他每天都很忙，但他试着花更多的时间和我们在一起。前后两句构成转折关系，用but连接，故填but。 17．句意：我们通常在星期六上午比赛。此处不单指一场比赛，表示复数含义，用名词复数，故填matches。 18．句意：他们跑得比我们快。根据“than”可知，此处用副词比较级，故填faster。 19．句意：最后，我们赢了！根据“Last week”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填won。 20．句意：这是我们第八次打败他们。此处作定语修饰time，用序数词，故填eighth。 C （2021·湖南怀化·中考真题）Li Wen lives with his grandparents in the countryside. He is 21 14-year-old boy. He 22 (work) hard and does well in school. It is hard to believe that he used to have many 23 (problem) in school. When he was a little boy, he hardly caused any trouble. But after his parents went to work in the city, they could not look after him 24 (careful). So Li Wen disliked study 25 missed classes. Then his parents decided 26 (send) him to a new school. However, he was a shy boy and couldn’t make friends quickly. One day, he wanted to leave the school. His parents were very worried 27 him and came back to talk with him. After a long talk, Li Wen realized that his parents loved 28 (he) deeply. He 29 (move) by his parents. Now, he is much 30 (happy) than before. It’s very important for parents to be there for their children. 【答案】 21．a 22．works 23．problems 24．carefully 25．and 26．to send 27．about 28．him 29．was moved 30．happier 【分析】本文向我们介绍一个14岁的男孩李文过去不喜欢学习，经常缺课，但是在跟父母谈过之后，他意识到父母的爱，现在学习努力，成绩很好。 21．句意：他是一个14岁的男孩。此处泛指一个男孩，用不定冠词修饰，“14”英语表达是fourteen，以辅音音素开头，故填a。 22．句意：他学习努力，成绩很好。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是He，动词用三单，故填works。 23．句意：很难相信他过去在学校有很多问题。many修饰可数名词复数，故填problems。 24．句意：但他的父母去城市工作后，他们不能细心照顾他。此处在句中修饰动词，使用副词形式，故填carefully。 25．句意：所以李文不喜欢学习，缺课。“disliked study”和“missed classes”构成并列结构，用and连接，故填and。 26．句意：后来他的父母决定送他去一所新学校。decide to do sth决定做某事，动词不定式作宾语，故填to send。 27．句意：他的父母很担心他，回来和他谈话。be worried about为……感到担心，故填about。 28．句意：经过长时间的交谈，李文意识到他的父母深深地爱着他。此处在动词后作宾语，用宾格，故填him。 29．句意：他被他的父母感动了。主语He是动作move的承受者，根据前句“realized”可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was moved。 30．句意：现在，他比以前快乐多了。根据“than”可知，此处用形容词比较级作表语，故填happier。 D My favorite part in Tom Sawyer is when Tom 31 (tell) by his aunt to paint the gate white. The work is a punishment because he missed school one day. Of course, he does not want to do any work. At first, Tom 32 (watch) by his friends and 33 (laugh) at, so he feels quite bad. But soon he turns the situation round, and he 34 (help) by his friends instead. Tom says that he enjoys painting the gate white, and his friends want to try. He asks each friend to give him something valuable, and in return, they 35 (allow) to do some of Tom’s work. 【答案】31．is told 32．is watched 33．laughed 34．is helped 35．are allowed 【导语】本文主要讲的是《汤姆·索亚历险记》这部小说，作者最喜欢的一段是Tom被阿姨惩罚得把门漆成白色的这段情节。 31．句意：我在《汤姆·索亚历险记》中最喜欢的部分是汤姆阿姨让他把门漆成白色。根据空后的“by his aunt”并分析句子结构可知，空处所在句的主语与谓语为逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态，时态为一般现在时，主语为 “Tom”，所以填is told。故填is told。 32．句意：起初，汤姆被他的朋友看到了并被嘲笑，所以他感觉很糟糕。根据空后的“by his friends”并分析句子结构可知，空处所在句的主语与谓语为逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态，时态为一般现在时，主语为“Tom”，所以填is watched。故填is watched。 33．句意：起初，汤姆被他的朋友看到了并被嘲笑，所以他感觉很糟糕。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句的主语与谓语为逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态，所以此处用动词过去分词形式。故填laughed。 34．句意：但很快，他扭转了局面，转而得到了朋友们的帮助。根据空后的“by his friends”并分析句子结构可知，空处所在句的主语与谓语为逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态，时态为一般现在时，主语为“he”，所以填is helped。故填is helped。 35．句意：他要求每个朋友给他一些有价值的东西，作为回报，他们被允许做汤姆的一些工作。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处所在句的主语与谓语为逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态，时态为一般现在时，主语为“they”，所以填are allowed。故填are allowed。 E 根据短文内容及所给提示，在文中的空白处填写一个正确的单词或用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 Charlotte Kane and Ella Marks are good friends. The girls’ dreams are to become 36 (direct). They have made movies together 37 they were in the fifth grade. They often spend their spare time 38 (make) movies together in their Noe Valley neighborhood. Charlotte and Ella taught 39 (they) how to use editing software (软件) for their first movie, The Adventures of the Annoying Apple. Because they had so much fun, they decided to start their own production 40 (company). Charlotte named hers Murphy Films, after her dog, and Ella named hers Avocado Films, after the avocado (鳄梨) tree in her yard. They asked their younger sisters, Catiiin Kane, 10, and Maggie Marks, 10, to perform some roles 41 the movies. Now, Charlotte, Ella, Catilin and Maggie are sharing their love of movie-making with the world. They 42 (start) their own film festival this year, called the Noe Valley Girls Film Festival (NVGFF). “It’s 43 pity that there aren’t many film-makers that 44 (be) girls,” Ella said. “We love to make movies so we want to increase the number of girls 45 want to do movie-making, too.” Charlotte added. 【答案】 36．directors 37．when 38．making 39．themselves 40．companies 41．in 42．started 43．a 44．are 45．who/that 【导语】本文介绍了两个女孩Charlotte Kane和Ella Marks拍电影、成立公司、举办电影节的事。 36．句意：女孩们的梦想是成为导演。根据“They have made movies together”以及结合提示词“direct”可知，应该是director“导演”，主语是The girls，故此空用复数。故填directors。 37．句意：她们在五年级的时候一起拍过电影。根据“…they were in the fifth grade”可知，此处表示“当……的时候”，应该用when。故填when。 38．句意：他们经常在闲暇时间一起在诺埃谷附近拍电影。spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”。故填making。 39．句意：夏洛特和艾拉在第一部电影中自学了如何使用编辑软件。根据“Charlotte and Ella taught…”可知，此处是“教她们自己”，them的反身代词是themselves。故填themselves。 40．句意：因为他们玩得很开心，所以他们决定创办自己的制作公司。此处表泛指，应该用可数名词的复数。company“公司”的复数是companies。故填companies。 41．句意：她们让10岁的妹妹卡蒂因·凯恩和10岁的玛吉·马克斯在电影中扮演一些角色。根据“…to perform some roles…the movies.”可知，此处指“扮演角色”，perform a role in“在……中扮演角色”。故填in。 42．句意：她们今年开办了自己的电影节，名为诺埃谷少女电影节。根据“called”可知，此句为一般过去时，故此空用start的过去式started。故填started。 43．句意：遗憾的是，没有多少电影制作人是女孩。It’a pity that“遗憾的是”。故填a。 44．句意：遗憾的是，没有多少电影制作人是女孩。根据“girls”可知，be动词应该用are。故填are。 45．句意：我们喜欢拍电影，所以我们想增加想要拍电影的女孩的数量。此处是定语从句，先行词是girls，关系词可以用who或that。故填who/that。 一、短文填空(每题1分，共30分) A （2021·浙江杭州·中考真题）All around the world, families celebrate special days together. Traditions for these days 1 (be) very different. Some of them may surprise you. Families in most countries have a special day to celebrate mothers. In Serbia, this day is on 2 second Sunday before Christmas. On that day, children sneak（溜）into their 3 （mother）bedroom and tie her feet with ribbon（丝带）so that she can’t get out of bed. Then they shout, “Mother’s Day, Mother’s Day! What will you pay 4 (get) away?” Then the mother gives 5 (they) small treats and presents as payment so that the kids “free” her. In China, they say that 6 (baby) are one year old when they are born. After that, all children celebrate their birthday on New Year’s Day because that’s when they grow a year 7 (old). Actual birthdays are 8 (usual) celebrated with a big family meal. The tradition is that the “birthday boy” or “birthday girl” should fill their mouth with as many long noodles 9 they can and then eat them. This is because in Chinese culture, long noodles are a symbol 10 long life. 【答案】 1．are/have been 2．the 3．mother’s 4．to get 5．them 6．babies 7．older 8．usually 9．as 10．of' 【分析】本文介绍了在特殊的日子里，一家人都会在一起庆祝。并举例说明母亲节和孩子的生日是如何庆祝的。 1．句意：现在的传统大不相同。根据“Some of them may surprise you.”可知，此处陈述一种事实，可以用一般现在时或现在完成时，主语是复数，因此be动词用are（一般现在时）或助动词用have（现在完成时）。故填are/have been。 2．句意：在塞尔维亚，这一天是圣诞节前的第二个星期天。空后的second是序数词，需用定冠词the。故填the。 3．句意：那一天，孩子们偷偷溜进妈妈的卧室，用丝带绑住妈妈的脚，让她不能下床。空后的bedroom是名词，此处需用名词所有格形式。故填mother’s。 4．句意：你要付多少钱才能脱身？分析句子结构可知，此处需用动词不定式作付钱的目的。故填to get。 5．句意：然后母亲给他们一些小礼物作为报酬，这样孩子们就“解放”了她。此处是作动词give的宾语，需用宾格代词。故填them。 6．句意：在中国，人们说婴儿出生时只有一岁。此处是主语的位置，be动词是are，因此主语为复数。故填babies。 7．句意：之后，所有的孩子都在元旦庆祝生日，因为那是他们长大一岁的时候。分析语境可知，此处需用形容词的比较级，指到了元旦，孩子又长大了一岁。故填older。 8．句意：真正的生日通常是用一顿丰盛的家庭聚餐来庆祝的。空后的celebrated是动词，需用副词修饰。故填usually。 9．句意：传统上，“生日男孩”或“生日女孩”应该在嘴里塞满尽可能多的面条，然后吃。由“as many long noodles…they can”可知，此处考查as…as sb. can尽可能……。故填as。 10．句意：这是因为在中国文化中，长面条是长寿的象征。此处是a symbol of“……的象征”。故填of。 B （2022·四川眉山·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Peking Opera（京剧）is a traditional form of Chinese culture. In Peking Opera, each character has their face painted in a special way. By looking at the face painting, the audience（观众）can know whether the character is good 11 bad. Where did this kind of face painting come from? An old story told us that it had something to do 12 the Prince of Lanling. This prince was one of the four most handsome 13 （man）in ancient China. Some soldiers in the prince’s army 14 （think）that he was weak because of his good-looking face. So, to make himself look 15 （strong）than his appearance, the prince wore a mask with an ugly face painted on it. Another face painting story was about Li Longji, 16 emperor in the Tang Dynasty. He loved opera very much. One day, a clown actor（丑角）fell ill right before a performance. The emperor planned 17 （play）this role himself. Then he covered his face with a piece of white square jade（玉）so that others wouldn’t be able to recognize 18 （he）. Ever since then, clown actors 19 （continue）to paint white squares on their faces. As time went on, face painting started being 20 （wide）used to show the characters of different roles. It has become one of the many special art forms of Peking Opera. 【答案】 11．or 12．with 13．men 14．thought 15．stronger 16．an 17．to play 18．him 19．have continued 20．widely 【导语】本文主要介绍了京剧中脸谱的来源。 11．句意：通过看人脸画，观众可以知道这个人物是好是坏。根据“whether the character is good…bad”可知，知道人物是好的还是坏的，or“或者”，故填or。 12．句意：一个古老的故事告诉我们，它与兰陵王子有关。have something to do with“与……有关”， 13．句意：这位王子是中国古代四大帅哥之一。one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词，表示“最……之一”，此空应填入man的复数形式men，故填men。 14．句意：王子军队里的一些士兵认为他很虚弱，因为他长得很好看。根据“was”可知，此句是一般过去时，此处的动词用过去式，故填thought。 15．句意：所以，为了让自己看起来比外表更强壮，王子戴了一个画着丑陋面孔的面具。look“看起来”，连系动词，后接形容词作表语，根据“than”可知，此空应填形容词比较级，故填stronger。 16．句意：另一个脸谱的故事是关于唐朝皇帝李隆基的。此处表示“唐朝的一位皇帝”，表泛指，且emperor是以元音音素开头的，故填an。 17．句意：皇帝打算亲自扮演这个角色。plan to do sth“计划做某事”，动词不定式作宾语，故填to play。 18．句意：然后他用一块白方玉把脸蒙起来，这样别人就认不出他来了。此空位于动词recognize后，应填代词宾格作宾语，故填him。 19．句意：从那时起，小丑演员继续在脸上画白色的方块。根据“Ever since then”可知，此句用现在完成时have/has done的结构，主语actors是复数形式，助动词用have，故填have continued。 20．句意：随着时间的推移，脸谱开始被广泛用于表现不同角色的性格。此空修饰动词used，要用副词，wide对应的副词是widely“广泛地”，故填widely。 C （2022·湖北襄阳·中考真题）阅读下面的短文，在短文空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式，使短文的意思完整。 We can find Chinese people growing vegetables tirelessly in every corner of the world. When the Chinese move into a house in 21 foreign country, they always grow vegetables in the garden. Even at the frozen South Pole( 南极), there’s a “vegetable greenhouse” built up by the members of Zhongshan Scientific Research Station, which 22 (true) provides enough vegetables. Such a difficult situation cannot stop those 23 (science) love for vegetable growing. Although more cheap and fresh vegetables 24 (place) on the shelves of supermarkets, the Chinese people’s love for growing vegetables themselves never goes away. Besides, some people even build virtual(虚拟的) farms in smart phones to get the 25 (please) of growing vegetables. Why do many Chinese grow vegetables in both daily lives and the virtual world? Such love comes from the Chinese history. 26 (fill) their stomachs, Chinese people have formed a tradition of hard work. In China’s culture, working hard solves the stomach problem 27 studying satisfies the hunger for knowledge. And now, smarter technologies are used for growing vegetables. Even in the outer space, Chinese astronaut Jing Haipeng showed how he grew vegetables in 28 (spacial) laboratory of Tiangong-2 space station. Nothing can prevent the Chinese people 29 vegetable growing. The “Chinese vegetable gardens” 30 (produce) hopes across the world, and they also carry the best wishes of the Chinese people to their ancestors. 【答案】 21．a 22．truly 23．scientists’ 24．are being placed 25．pleasure 26．To fill 27．and 28．space 29．from 30．are producing 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国人对蔬菜种植的热情。 21．句意：当中国人在外国搬进一所房子时，他们总是在花园里种蔬菜。根据“in...foreign country”可知是泛指“一个国家”，且foreign是以辅音音素开头，应用a修饰，故填a。 22．句意：即使在冰冻的南极，也有中山科考站成员搭建的“蔬菜大棚”，真正提供了足够的蔬菜。true是形容词，此处应用副词修饰动词，故填truly。 23．句意：如此困难的情况不能阻止科学家们对蔬菜种植的热爱。根据“love”可知此处应用形容词或名词所有格修饰名词love，结合“Such a difficult situation cannot stop those”可知是不能阻止那些科学家们对于蔬菜种植的热爱，scientist“科学家”，名词，首先变为复数scientists，再加“ ’ ”，构成名词所有格，故填scientists’。 24．句意：虽然超市的货架上摆放着越来越多便宜新鲜的蔬菜，但中国人对自己种菜的热爱从未消失。place“放置”，是动词，主语vegetables和动词place之间是被动关系，结合语境可知句子应用现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are being done，表示“越来越多便宜新鲜的蔬菜正被摆放在货架上”，主语是复数，be动词用are，故填are being placed。 25．句意：此外，有些人甚至在智能手机上建立虚拟农场，以获得种植蔬菜的乐趣。the...of之间应用名词，此处是指种植蔬菜的乐趣，应用名词pleasure，故填pleasure。 26．句意：为了填饱肚子，中国人形成了努力工作的传统。根据“their stomachs, Chinese people have formed a tradition of hard work”可知中国人形成了努力工作的传统，是为了填饱肚子，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填To fill。 27．句意：在中国文化中，努力工作可以解决肠胃问题，学习可以满足对知识的渴望。分析句子可知，前后句子是并列关系，都是属于中国文化的一部分，应用and连接，故填and。 28．句意：甚至在太空中，中国航天员景海鹏在天宫二号空间实验室展示了他如何种菜。此处是指太空实验室，应用space laboratory，故填space。 29．句意：没有什么能阻止中国人种植蔬菜。固定短语stop sb from doing sth“阻止某人做某事”，故填from。 30．句意：“中国菜园”在世界各地孕育着希望，也承载着中国人民对祖先的美好祝愿。根据“The ‘Chinese vegetable gardens’ ...hopes across the world”结合语境可知，“中国菜园”正在世界各地孕育着希望，应用现在进行时，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are producing。 一、短文填空（每题1分，共20分） A （2022·陕西西安·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整正确。 Nowadays, we can call our friends from a thousand kilometers away. We can talk to each other at the tap (轻敲) of a button on WeChat. Developments of technology have brought us 1 (close) together than ever before. It is, of course, the most 2 (convenience) and quickest way of communication. However, do we ever think about what we are losing? As someone who 3 (like) writing and receiving letters, I often feel sad that so few people now give letter writing a fair chance. While you might consider letter writing to be out-of-date, I believe we should all write and send letters more often. To begin with, there is lots of love in a handwritten letter. This is 4 texting or calling doesn’t feel as special as writing. These days, we focus on getting things 5 (do) in the quickest way. Handwritten letters, however, deliver (传递) much more 6 (warm) because they take time for us to prepare. When we receive a letter, we feel we are loved, remembered and missed. In fact, the process of writing a letter can make us feel happy, too. When we sit down and focus on what we are writing, we allow 7 (we) to take a break from the stress of our lives. Moreover, while texts come and go, letters can be 8 (keep) forever. We can always go back and read them again. 9 keeping a letter, we keep a part of that person and his or her relationship with us. 10 pick up your pen! Let’s bring back the art of letter writing. 【答案】 1．closer 2．convenient 3．likes 4．why 5．done 6．warmth 7．ourselves 8．kept 9．By/Through 10．So 【导语】本文介绍了在当今社会，人们用微信代替了书信，但是作者在本文中介绍了书信的优点并呼吁人们拿起钢笔把写信的艺术带回来。 1．句意：技术的发展使我们比以往任何时候都更紧密地联系在一起。根据后面的“than”可得，这里应该填比较级closer，意为“更近”。故填closer。 2．句意：当然，这是最方便、最快捷的沟通方式。根据“the most”可知，此处填形容词最高级，convenience的形容词是convenient，意为“便利的”。故填convenient。 3．句意：作为一个喜欢写信和收信的人，我经常感到难过，因为现在很少有人给我写信的机会。定语从句中缺少谓语，who指的是前面的someone，所以这里用第三人称单数likes。故填likes。 4．句意：这就是为什么发短信或打电话没有写作那么特别的原因。根据“texting or calling doesn’t feel as special as writing.”可知，这里是由why引导的表语从句。故填why。 5．句意：这些天，我们专注于以最快的方式完成事情。things和do之间是被动的关系，所以本题需用done作宾补。故填done。 6．句意：然而，手写的信件传递了更多的温暖，因为我们需要时间来准备。根据“much more”可知，这里指传递更多温暖，应该填warmth，意为“温暖”，不可数名词。故填warmth。 7．句意：当我们坐下来专注于我们正在写的东西时，我们允许自己从生活的压力中休息一下。allow sb. to do something，we在这里应该作allow的宾语，所以这里填反身代词ourselves，指我们允许自己从生活的压力中休息一下。故填ourselves。 8．句意：此外，当短信来来往往时，信件可以永远保存。这里用的是被动语态，信可以被永久的保存，be动词加动词的过去分词，这里填keep的过去分词kept。故填kept。 9．句意：通过保留一封信，我们保留了那个人的一部分，以及他或她与我们的关系。根据“keeping a letter,”可知，这里指一种方式，因此填by/through，意为“通过”，首字母大写。故填By/Through。 10．句意：所以拿起你的钢笔！让我们把写信的艺术带回来。这里是发起倡议，表示顺承，用so引导，句子开头，首字母大写。故填So。 B The end of the handshake: saying hello during the coronavirus Say no to 11 handshake, give up high fives, refuse kisses on the cheek and definitely avoid 12 (hug). All around the world people are changing their daily habits at work and at home to reduce the risk of contracting the coronavirus and prevent it from 13 (spread). China In Beijing, red billboards tell people not to shake hands but to join their own hands together in a sign of greeting. Loudspeakers tell people 14 (make) the traditional gong shou gesture (a fist in the opposite palm) to say hello. France Newspapers have been filled with advice over how to replace handshaking—a daily formality for the French at work and 15 (kiss) on the cheek, a regular greeting habit in France even between people 16 have only just met. Lifestyle expert Philippe Lichtfus, who has been 17 (wide) cited in the media, insists that handshakes are a relatively recent 18 (develop) in human history that began in the Middle Ages. He says simply looking into a person's eyes can suffice as a greeting. Australia Brad Hazzard, the New South Wales health minister, 19 (advise) people not to shake hands and 20 give each other a pat on the back. “I won't say don't kiss.” he said, “but you could be exercising a degree of care and caution with whom you choose to kiss.” 【答案】 11．a 12．hugging 13．spreading 14．to make 15．kissing 16．who 17．widely 18．development 19．advised 20．instead 【分析】由于新冠疫情的影响，许多国家都在呼吁改变传统的打招呼方式（握手或轻吻脸颊），用其他方式来代替。 11．句意：对握手说不，放弃击掌，拒绝亲吻脸颊，绝对避免拥抱。由于名词“handshake 握手”是首次出现，表泛指用不定冠词a修饰，故填a。 12．句意：对握手说不，放弃击掌，拒绝亲吻脸颊，绝对避免拥抱。hug是动词，表示“拥抱”；由于avoid doing sth表示“避免做某事”，为固定搭配，所以hug要变成hugging，故填hugging。 13．句意：全世界的人们都在改变日常工作和生活的习惯，以便减少感染冠状病毒的风险并防止其传播。spread是动词，表示“传播，扩散”；from是介词，介词后接动词的ing形式，所以spread要变成spreading，故填spreading。 14．句意：扩音器告诉人们做传统的拱手手势（拳头放在对掌）打招呼。make是动词，表示“做”；因为tell sb to do sth表示“告诉某人去做某事”，为固定搭配，所以make要变成to make，故填to make。 15．句意：报纸上都是关于如何取代握手的建议，握手是法国人工作时的日常礼节，亲吻脸颊是法国人的一种常规问候习惯，即使是刚认识的人之间也是如此。kiss是动词，表示“亲吻”；本句and连接了replace的两个宾语，一个是handshaking，另一个是 kiss；由于handshake在句中是ing形式，所以kiss也要变成ing形式，故填kissing。 16．句意：报纸上都是着关于如何取代握手的建议，握手是法国人工作时的日常礼节，亲吻脸颊是法国人的一种常规问候习惯，即使是刚认识的人之间也是如此。本句是一个定语从句，先行词people指人，且在从句“____6____ have only just met.”中做主语，所以用关系代词who引导定语从句，故填who。 17．句意：生活方式专家Philippe Lichtfus（的观点）被媒体广泛引用，他坚持认为握手是人类历史上最新的发展，始于中世纪。空格处缺副词修饰动词“cited 引用”，wide的副词形式是widely，表示“广泛地”，故填widely。 18．句意：生活方式专家Philippe Lichtfus（的观点）被媒体广泛引用，他坚持认为握手是人类历史上最新的发展，始于中世纪。recent是形容词，表示“最近的”，后接名词；develop的名词形式是development，表示“发展”，由于空格前有a，所以填单数，故填development。 19．句意：新南威尔士州卫生部长Brad Hazzard建议人们不要握手，而是相互轻拍对方的后背。根据后文“he said”可知Brad Hazzard说话的动作是在过去，用一般过去时，所以动词“advise 建议”也要用过去式，故填advised。 20．句意：新南威尔士州卫生部长Brad Hazzard建议人们不要握手，而是相互轻拍对方的后背。因为句中说了“not to shake hands 不要握手”，所以可知“give each other a pat on the back 互相拍拍后背”是用来代替握手的，表示“代替”，用副词instead，故填instead。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $