UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（译林版）

本讲义围绕“历史事件和历史人物”主题，以郑和与哥伦布航海事迹为载体，系统梳理表语从句语法规则，整合基础词汇（voyage, fleet等）、拓展词汇（navigate→navigation等）及重点短语（set sail, on behalf of等），通过as far as, as is the case等句型构建语言支架，结合听说读写看任务（如阅读分析航海事迹、写作发表观点）形成完整学习脉络。 资料特色在于对比两位探险家的航海数据（航行时间、船队规模）和运用地图等非文字信息，培养文化意识（国际视野与家国情怀）和思维品质（比较分析能力）。语言能力通过词汇拓展和句型练习提升，课中教师可引导互动讨论，课后学生借助语法填空、完成句子等练习巩固知识，有效查漏补缺。

主题 意识 本单元的主题是“历史事件和历史人物”。通过了解重大历史事件及历史人物的事迹，激发对历史的学习兴趣，培养时空观念，理解和尊重世界各国的历史，在对不同文化的比较、鉴赏、批判和反思的过程中，形成广阔的国际视野并培养深厚的家国情怀。 语法 项目 探究表语从句的基本规则，并能在真实语境中灵活运用。 语言 输入 听 能获取并整合听力材料中有关评价通俗史书的信息。 读 能把握历史文章的文体结构和语言特征；能识别语篇中的隐喻等修辞手法并理解其意义。 看 能理解视频和漫画中的画面、图像、声音、符号、色彩等非文字信息所传达的意义。 语言 输出 写 能运用事实来阐释观点，提高论证的说服力；能掌握并正确使用有效的文章开头方式；能就通俗史书发表观点。 说 能就时空穿越这一话题以口头形式与同伴交流；能与同伴讨论通俗史书，并发表自己的观点。 Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．voyage n．航海，航行，航天 vi.航行，远行 2．fleet n．舰队；捕鱼船队；车队 3．load vt.&vi.装上，装入 n．负载；承载量；大量 4．compass n．罗盘，指南针；圆规 5．log n．航海日志，正式记录；原木 vi.&vt.伐木 6．dismiss vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散 7．acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢 8．insist vi.&vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 9．route n．路线，路途；途径，渠道 10．depart vi.&vt.离开，起程 11．leak vi.漏，渗漏；渗入 vt.漏，渗漏；泄露 n．漏洞 12．panic n．惊恐，恐慌 vi.&vt.(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措 13．regardless adv.不顾，不加理会 14．shore n．岸，滨 15．subsequent adj.随后的，后来的 16．captain n．船长，机长；上校；队长 拓展词汇 17．navigate vt.航行；导航vi.导航→navigation n. 航行；导航 18．strengthen vt.&vi.加强，增强→strong adj.强壮的→strength n．力量；力气；长处 19．harmonious adj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的→harmony n．协调；和睦；融洽；调和 20．proof n．证据，证明→prove v．证明 21．influential adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的→influence n．影响；势力；有影响的人或事物vt.影响；改变 22．financial adj.财政的，金融的，财务的→finance n．财政；金融 23．shortage n．不足，短缺→short adj.短的 24．astonish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊→astonishing adj.令人吃惊的→astonished adj.感到惊讶的→astonishment n．惊讶；惊异 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．set sail 启航 2．a fleet of 机群；一队…… 3．on board 在船(火车、飞机)上 4．in length 长度 5．on behalf of 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了 6．be loaded with 装载着；满载 7．as far as 至于，直到，远到；就……而言 8．have a far­reaching impact on 对……有深远的影响 9．set foot 踏上；踏足 10．pass on 传递；继续；去世 11．expose...to... 使……暴露于……；使……接触…… 12．be remembered as 作为……而被铭记 13．make great discoveries 有重大发现 14．insist on doing 坚持做某事 15．search for 寻找 16．a shortage of... ……的短缺 17．put...in danger 把……放在危险中 18．in panic 惊慌地；惊恐地 19．regardless of 不管，不顾 20．in the distance 在远处 21．contribute to 有助于；捐献；带来，促成；投稿 22．allow for 使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．She followed the tracks as far as the road. 她沿着小径一直走到公路边。 2．As is often the case，little boys tend to be very active and out of control. 小男孩总是很活泼好动，很难控制，这是常见的情况。 3．He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。 Ⅰ.Read the passage and choose the best answers. 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．Zheng He and Christopher Columbus' contributions to the world. B．Two famous explorers: Zheng He and Christopher Columbus. C．The new chapter of the age of Exploration. D．The voyages of two famous explorers. 2．What can we learn about Zheng He's voyages from the first two paragraphs? A．All the ships were over 140 metres in length. B．Zheng He made seven voyages in the name of the Qing Dynasty. C．Some details of the voyages were recorded. D．It took 500 years for the fleet to sail the seas. 3．What helped to prove that Zheng He's voyages were not legends? A．The harmonious relations with other countries and regions. B．The detailed maps of the voyages—Zheng He's Navigation Map. C．Chinese people's better understanding of overseas lands. D．An enormous shipyard was discovered in Nanjing. 4．Which of the following is NOT the challenge during Christopher Columbus's journey? A．The bad weather during the journey. B．The longer time of the journey. C．The ships was leaking badly. D．The shortage of food. 5．Which of the following characters helped Christopher Columbus get out of danger? A．Kind and determined. B．Knowledgeable and Courageous. C．Humorous and clever. D．Brave and modest. 答案　1—5　DCDAB Ⅱ.Read the passage again and fill in the blanks. Zheng He's voyages Christopher Columbus's voyages The first voyage Departure time in the 1.summer of 1405 on 3 August 2.1492 Departure point 3.Taicang Spain Fleet size 200 ships 4.three ships Number of crew members 28,000 people 5.90 crewmen Places of arrival 6.30 countries and regions Caribbean Total number of voyages 7.seven voyages 8.four voyages Ⅲ.Complete the passage according to the text. In the summer of 1405, Zheng He set sail from Taicang on his first voyage. His ships 1.were loaded (load) with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers. Zheng He's seven voyages had a far­reaching impact 2.on China and its neighbours. Zheng He's efforts helped develop and strengthen 3.harmonious (harmony) relations with these countries and regions. Zheng He's accomplishments are now 4.widely (wide) acknowledged, and he is remembered as one of China's most influential explorers. Columbus was born in a port city of Italy in 1451. As a teenager, he loved sailing, and he showed great interest in geography, 5.which inspired him to begin his career as a seaman. Columbus insisted on 6.searching (search) for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. On 3 August 1492, he 7.departed (depart) from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen. Regardless of all the challenges, Columbus managed 8.to keep(keep) everyone out of danger with his knowledge and 9.bravery (brave) across the ocean. Finally, on 12 October, the crew spotted land in 10.the distance. His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration, a period which witnessed many important geographical findings. [核心词汇·练透] on behalf of sb/on one's behalf代表(或代替)某人，为帮助某人；为了某人 in behalf of sb＝in one's behalf　为帮助某人；为了某人的利益 stand for/represent 代表 On behalf of everyone here，I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. 我代表在座各位，祝你回国旅途愉快。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①We collected money in behalf of the homeless. 我们为帮助无家可归者而募捐。 ②On behalf of my whole family, I'd like to extend my sincere gratitude for your help. 我代表我全家对你们的帮助表示真诚的感谢。 ③She made an emotional public appeal on her son's behalf. 她代表她儿子作了感动人心的公开呼吁。 load vt.&vi.装上，装入n.负载；承载量；大量 (1)load up　装好东西，装载货物 load...with... 用……装载…… be loaded with... 装载着；充满着 load...into/onto... 把……装到，……上去 load off one's mind 解除某人的精神负担 (2)a load of＝loads of 大量，许多 take a load off one's mind 打消某人的顾虑 They loaded themselves with food, medical supplies，and oxygen equipment. 他们给自己装上了食物、医疗用品和氧气设备。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①Hardly had we arrived at the farm when we saw a load of/loads of oranges hanging from the branches. 我们一到农场，就看见橘子树上果实累累。 ②When we feel stressful, she always tries to help to take a load off our minds. 当我们感到有压力时，她总是设法帮着减轻我们的负担。 ③Please give children more love instead of higher expectations; otherwise they will be loaded with great pressure. 请给孩子们更多的爱，而不是过高的期望；否则他们将承受巨大的压力。 proof n．证据，证明 (1)There's (no) proof that...　(没)有证据证明…… living proof 活生生的例证 (2)prove v. 证明，证实 prove ＋n./pron. 证明某事或某人 prove sth to sb 向某人证明某事 prove＋宾语＋(to be)＋宾语补足语 证明……(是什么或怎么样) It is proved that... 据证明……；据证实…… prove ＋n./adj./介词短语等 结果是，证明是 She is living proof that anyone can succeed only if she works hard. 只要努力任何人都可以获得成功，她就是活生生的例子。 [即学活用] 同义替换 ①There is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. proof 完成句子 ②All this proved him (to be) an honest man. 这一切都证明他是个诚实的人。 ③The difficulty was how he could prove his ideas to other scientists. 困难在于他怎样向其他科学家证实他的想法。 ④The dictionary proved very useful/ of great use to middle­school students. 这本词典证明对中学生很有用。 acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢 acknowledge (doing) sth　承认(做)某事 acknowledge that... 承认…… acknowledge sb/sth to be/as... 承认某人/某物是…… It is universally/widely acknowledged that... ……是大家所公认的 He is widely acknowledged to be one of the great scientists in the world. 他被公认为世界上最伟大的科学家之一。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①He is widely acknowledged as the best player in the world. ②It's generally acknowledged that education shouldn't be measured only by examination results. 熟词生义 ③I would like to acknowledge all the help my teacher gave. 感谢 句式升级 ④He is widely acknowledged as/to be one of the best medical scientists in China. →It is widely acknowledged that he is one of the best medical scientists in China. (it作形式主语) insist vi.&vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 insist on/upon doing sth　坚持做某事 insist that　“坚持说/坚持认为”，从句用陈述语气；“坚决要求”，从句用虚拟语气“should do” You should respect the views of others, and at the same time insist on what you think is right. 你应该尊重别人的观点，同时坚持你认为是正确的。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①She insisted that the man had stolen (steal) her wallet and that he (should) be sent (send) to the police station. ②But she insists on us eating healthy food. ③He insisted that he had done (do) nothing wrong and (should)be set (set) free. 完成句子 ④The road is covered with snow. I can't understand why they insist on going (坚持去) by motorbike. ⑤She was stubborn and insisted that the work (should)be finished (完成) ahead of schedule. panic n．惊恐，恐慌vi.&vt.(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措 (1)panic sb into doing sth使某人仓促行动 panic over/about/at... 因……而恐慌 (2)in (a) panic 惊恐地；惊慌地 get into a panic 陷入惊(恐)慌(表示动作) throw sb into a panic 使某人陷入恐慌 The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put out the fire. Jenna panicked. 下一刻，粥煮沸了，把火扑灭了。简娜惊慌失措。 [名师点津]　panic的过去式和过去分词都是panicked，现在分词是panicking。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Don't panic over/about/at your exams—I know you—I'm sure you'll do just fine. ②They ran away in such a panic that they dropped their bags and shoes. 完成句子 ③The protests became more violent and many people were panicked into leaving the country. 抗议变得更加激烈，许多人惊慌地离开了那个国家。 ④She got into a panic when the girl thought she'd forgotten her admission card for entrance exam. 当她想到自己忘了带准考证时，这个女孩陷入了恐慌。 regardless of不管，不顾 (1)regardless adv.　不顾，不加理会 regardless of　强调主观的不管，不顾，不认为……重要，从而不加以重视或考虑；其后可接whether，what引导的从句。 (2)despite/in spite of　意为“尽管……”，一般用于客观无法避免的事，其后常接名词，不接从句。 (3)as regards/with regard to　关于；至于 According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. 专家认为，人们所面临的问题不管过去和现在都是一样的。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Regardless of what happened yesterday and what may or may not happen tomorrow, the present moment is where we are. ②In spite of/Despite her terrible illness, she worked hard and succeeded in the scientific research field. ③With regard to reading, there is a saying that there are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people's eyes. allow for使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内 (1)allow of＋n./doing　　容许，允许 (2)allow doing sth 允许做某事 allow sb/sth to do sth 允许某人/某物做某事 allow sb sth 给予某人某物(尤指钱或时间)；让某人拥有某物 The speed of 6G will exceed l25GB/s, allowing for a new generation of virtual reality. 6G的速度将超过每秒125 GB，使得新一代的虚拟现实(技术)成为可能。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①Sleep is so important because it allows the brain to recover from the tiredness of the day. 睡眠很重要，因为它可以让大脑从白天的疲惫中恢复过来。 翻译句子 ②We must allow for delays caused by bad weather. 我们必须考虑到因坏天气所造成的延误。 ③The situation allows of no delay. 形势刻不容缓。 astonish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊 (1)It astonishes sb that...令某人惊讶的是 (2)astonishing adj. 令人感到惊讶的 astonished adj. 感到惊讶的 be astonished at/by sth 因/对某事感到惊讶 be astonished to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶 (3)astonishment n．惊诧；震惊 to one's astonishment 令某人惊讶的是 in astonishment 吃惊地 New China's 70 years of development have resulted in accomplishments that have astonished the world. 新中国七十年发展所取得的成就震惊了世界。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①I was just astonished at the question in my own mind. ②He was astonished to see (see) how his hometown had changed in the past 10 years. ③I find it quite astonishing (astonish) that none of you like the play. ④She looked at the box for a long time, and then her eyes opened wide in astonishment.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [重点句型·通关] He even sailed as far as the east coast of Africa. 他甚至远航到非洲东海岸。 [句式分析] as far as...意为“远到……；(表示程度、范围)就……而言”。 as far as the eye can see　　放眼望去 as far as I know/can tell 就我所知/依我看 as far as one is concerned 就某人而言 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening. 昨天傍晚，他一直散步到火车站。 ②As far as I know, they're coming by car. 据我所知，他们要坐汽车来。 ③As far as the eye can see, these terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top. 放眼望去，这些梯田往往从山底到山顶覆盖着高山。 Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way—as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus. 那些做出重大发现的人必定要经常克服前进道路上的许多挑战——就像探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布那样。 [句式分析] as is the case既可以单独使用，也可以在后面接介词with和in。 (1)as is the case　单独使用时，其含义为“通常情况下，一如既往地”。 (2)as is (often) the case with ＋sb/sth　表示主句所描述的某种情形适合于某人或某物。 (3)as is the case in＋place表示主句所描述的某种情形适合于某个地方。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①As is often the case，humans are the primary cause of species extinction. 通常情况下，人类是物种灭绝的主要原因。 ②As is often the case in China，the logic behind these holiday arrangements may at first seem a little confusing. 在中国情况常常像这样，这些假期安排背后的逻辑乍一看可能有点令人困惑。 ③As is often the case with him，he was fined for speeding. 他因超速而被罚款，这对他而言是常有的事。 On 3 August 1492, he departed from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen. 1492年8月3日，他带着三艘船离开西班牙，船上约有90名船员。 [句式分析] 本句中with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen是with复合结构。with复合结构在句中常作状语，表示方式或伴随情况，有时也可作定语。 with复合结构的常见形式有： 1with＋宾语＋形容词/副词 2with＋宾语＋介词短语 3with＋宾语＋现在分词 4with＋宾语＋过去分词 5with＋宾语＋动词不定式 [名师点津] 在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，不定式表示将来的动作；现在分词说明这一动作和前面的宾语之间是主谓关系，且指这一动作正在进行；过去分词说明这一动作与前面的宾语之间是动宾关系，且指这一动作已完成。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①With so much homework to do (do)，I won't go out to play with you. ②They broke into the house with all the windows shut (shut)． ③With all the work completed (complete), they hurried home for lunch. 完成句子 ④A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house. 一个缺了两颗门牙的小男孩跑进了屋子。 ⑤Don't wash your clothes with the water running. It is a waste of water! 洗衣服时不要让水一直流着，那是在浪费水！ ⑥We live in a village with a river round. 我们住在一个有条小河环绕的村子里。 ⑦The woman with a baby in her arms is my elder sister. 抱孩子的那个妇女是我姐姐。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．This has a lot to do with the way in which they are constructed. 2．The company subsequently (subsequent) reduced its lead time to 45 days. 3．In panic，he began to throw water on the burning saucepan of oil. 4．Guests are requested to vacate their rooms by noon on the day of departure (depart)． 5．They insisted that a guaranteed supply of Chinese food should be written (write) into their contracts. 6．The grasp and the update of knowledge have an influence on competition. 7．Teamwork is acknowledged as the most important aspect of any enterprise. 8．He was dismissed from school for his bad behaviour. 9．Their attitude only strengthened (strength) his resolve to fight on. 10．She signalled her return to form with a convincing (convince) victory. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Early in the 15th century, a huge fleet of ships set sail from Nanjing (从南京启航)． 2．These will no doubt have a far­reaching impact on (对……有深远的影响) your long­term career! 3．He also announced that the premier of the Gabonese Republic would pay a friendly visit (友好访问) to China from September 6th to the 11th. 4．As is often the case with (情况常常如此) many things we fear, once underway, it's not all that bad. 5．Spending too much now will mean a shortage of cash (缺少现金)next year. 6．How did you manage to persuade him (设法说服他)? 7．The wedding marked the beginning (标志着开始) of a new phase in Emma's life. 8．Remember that boys who insist on having their own way (坚持自己的方式), sooner or later come to grief. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $