UNIT 2 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（译林版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语词汇拓展与主语从句语法核心知识点，构建从基础词汇（如telescope、astronomer）到拓展词汇（如universe→universal→universally的词形转换），再到核心词汇用法（comprise的“包含/构成”辨析、foundation的搭配），最终系统讲解主语从句连接词（that/whether、连接代词/副词）、形式主语it结构及注意事项（陈述语序、主谓一致）的递进学习支架。 资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，词汇部分通过词形转换表和语境例句（如comprise的即学活用含含义辨析与一句多译）帮助学生构建词汇网络，主语从句通过“连接词确定四步法”和分类训练（如对点训练中填空与句型转换）培养逻辑思维，分层练习题（单句填空、短文填空）课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生巩固应用，有效提升学习能力。

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．telescope n. 望远镜 2．astronomer n. 天文学家 3．agency n. 机构；代理处 4．comprise vt. 包括，包含；组成，构成 5．scan vt. &vi. 扫描；细看；浏览 n．扫描检查；快速查阅 拓展词汇 6．universe n. 宇宙，天地万物→universal adj. 普遍的，全世界的→universally adv. 普遍地，到处 7．crucial adj. 至关重要的，关键性的→crucially adv. 至关重要地，关键地 8．orbit vt. &vi. 围绕……运动，沿轨道运行n.(天体等运行的)轨道→orbital adj. 轨道的；环城的 9．merely adv. 仅仅，只不过→mere adj. 仅仅，只不过 10．administration n. 行政部门；管理，行政→administrative adj. 管理的，行政的→administrator n. 管理人，行政官 11．foundation n. 基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会→found v. 创办，成立→foundational adj. 基础的，基本的 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．be plain to see 显而易见的 2．lay the foundation for 为……打下基础 Ⅲ.重点句型 With a dish the size of 30 football fields, FAST is able to carry out observations with extraordinary sensitivity. FAST拥有30个足球场大小的天线，能够以极高的灵敏度进行观测。 [核心词汇·练透] comprise vt.包括，包含；组成，构成 (1)comprise vt.包括，包含，由……组成(以整体作为主语，部分作为宾语；此时不用于进行时态) comprise＝be comprised of＝consist of/be made up of/ be composed of (2)comprise vt.组成，构成(以部分作为主语，整体作为宾语)comprise＝compose＝make up It is important to respect the different people who comprise a team. 尊重团队中不同的人是重要的。 [名师点津] (1)comprise of或be composed by/from的表达均不正确； (2)表示“包含，由……组成”之意时，只有consist of后可跟动词­ing形式。 [即学活用] 写出下列句中comprise的含义 ①Women comprise 51 percent of the population of France.构成 ②The committee comprises men of widely different views.包含 一句多译 ③这个小组由十个人组成。 a．Ten people make up/comprise/compose the group. b．The group consists of/comprises/is made up of/is composed of/is comprised of ten people. foundation n．基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会 (1)lay the foundation for　为……打下基础 (2)found vt.　兴建，创建；建立，创立 found...on/upon...　在……上建立…… It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. 它还为跨文化的同理心提供了一个相当坚实的基础。 [名师点津]　found的过去式和过去分词都是founded；而find的过去式和过去分词都是found。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①The foundation (found) of the university took place over 100 years ago. ②The castle is founded on/upon solid rock. ③Law was an order of peace founded (found) on fairness. 主语从句 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中作主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前置于句首，也可用形式主语it代替，而将主语从句放至句末。 一、主语从句的连接词及其句法功能 1．连接词that和whether/if (1)that引导主语从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有实际意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。 That we are invited to the concert this evening is good news to us. 我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会，这对我们来说是个好消息。 (2)whether/if引导主语从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。 Whether the plan will be carried out is still unknown. 这个计划是否会实施还不知道。 [名师点津]　whether 引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句不可以位于句首，可用it作形式主语，if引导的从句后置作真正主语。 2．连接代词(who，whose，whom，what, which，whichever，whoever，whomever，whatever等) 连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 Who will go to the concert is not known. 不知道谁会去听音乐会。 Whoever comes in first will receive a prize. 无论谁先到都可以得到奖品。 Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others. 无论你在业余时间做什么，都不应该伤害其他人。 [名师点津]　who引导的主语从句强调一件事情，而whoever引导的主语从句强调人。 3．连接副词(when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等) 连接副词引导主语从句，在从句中作状语。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这件事是怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 When we will have a meeting is an important question. 我们何时将举行会议是个重要的问题。 Where I spend my summer vacation is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。 [名师点津]　主语从句引导词的确定步骤： (1)分析句式结构，明确主语从句在句中的功能； (2)明确主语从句所表达的意义； (3)明确主语从句中所需要的成分及意义； (4)确定从句的引导词。 [对点训练1] 用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空 ①What comes next is the endless series of steps. ②It is not a problem whether we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time. ③Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps. ④How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. ⑤Why John was late for the class has been unexplained. ⑥Which part of the country he will travel to needs discussing. ⑦Where/When the English party will be held has not yet been decided. ⑧Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 完成句子 ⑨That she could come to help us made us very happy. 她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。 ⑩Whether she is coming or not doesn't matter too much. 她来不来都无关紧要。 二、主语从句中用it作形式主语的结构 1．It＋be＋形容词(obvious, true, important, strange等)＋主语从句 It is important that he should know about this. 他应该知道此事是重要的。 [名师点津]　在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为important/necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“should＋动词原形”形式，其中should可省略。 2．It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder, an honour，a pity, a/no surprise等)＋主语从句 It's a pity that he didn't come. 很遗憾他没来。 3．It ＋be＋过去分词(said, reported, thought, suggested, proved等)＋主语从句 It is suggested that the meeting be put off. 有人建议会议延期召开。 [名师点津]　在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“should＋动词原形”形式，其中should可省略。 4．It＋不及物动词(happen, look, matter, occur, strike等)＋主语从句 It happens that his sister is my good friend. 碰巧他姐姐是我的好朋友。 5．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋主语从句 It surprised him why they came to visit him suddenly. 让他吃惊的是他们为什么突然都来看他。 [对点训练2] 完成句子 ①It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. 通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能。 ②It's suggested that the old man should go to the countryside to have a rest. 建议这位老人应当去乡村休息一下。 ③It is a pity that you disagree with the plan. 很遗憾，你不赞成这个计划。 ④It is doubtful whether she will be able to come to the party. 她是否能来参加这个聚会还很难说。 ⑤It happened that the harvest was bad that year. 碰巧那年收成不好。 句型转换 ⑥That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us. →It surprised us that he suddenly fell ill last month. ⑦Whether they will sell the house hasn't been decided yet. →It hasn't been decided yet whether they will sell the house. ⑧That light travels in straight lines is known to all. →It is known to all that light travels in straight lines. 三、主语从句中应注意的问题 1．主语从句要用陈述语序 What we will do next should be decided. 应该决定一下我们下一步该做什么。 2．主谓一致 (1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。 Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much. 毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很困惑。 [名师点津]　what引导的主语从句作主语且表语是名词时，主句谓语动词的单复数应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。 What the school needs most are books. 这所学校最需要的是书。 (2)由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。 When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet. 他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。 When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear. 他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。 [对点训练3] 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①What surprised me most was (be) that the man in rags was a millionaire. ②What he needs most is (be) money. ③When and where the meeting will be held has been decided (decide) already. ④That the coal workers are still alive is (be)a wonder. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．If you are monitoring a weak radio signal, you need two big radio telescopes (telescope)． 2．The success of this experiment is crucial to the project as a whole. 3．Early astronomers (astronomer) thought that the Earth was the centre of the universe. 4．He said nothing, merely (mere) smiling and watching her. 5．When he graduated in 2016, he landed a job at an advertising agency (agent) near Shichahai, a popular scenic area in Beijing. 6．The group is comprised of two guitarists, a drummer, and a lead singer. 7．Their brains were scanned (scan) so that researchers could monitor the progress of the disease. 8．Their anxiety to go to the Great Wall was plain to see (see)． 9．The students in middle schools should lay a solid foundation (found) in English. 10．The Earth is only one of the numerous planets in the universe. Ⅱ.单句语法填空——语法专练 1．What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out­of­this­world scenes. 2．What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles. 3．What caused the serious traffic accident remains (remain) unknown. 4．It is a pity that we won't be able to go camping this Sunday. 5．Whoever pollutes (pollute) the environment will be punished. 6．It is not sure whether he will come to your house or not. 7．The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program. 8．What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. 9．It's possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. 10．It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it is awkward and challenging, or we think it's annoying and unnecessary. 11．What parents say and do has a lifelong effect on their children. 12．It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. Ⅲ.用适当的连接词完成短文 It is known 1.that homework is an important part of school life in most countries around the world. However, 2.whether homework has a great educational value is still a debate among teachers. Some think that homework takes too much time away from other more useful activities. Others see homework as reinforcing (加强) school lessons so that 3.what students have learned will not be forgotten. 4．What is often ignored in this debate is the role of parental involvement (参与) and 5.whether or not the child's home provides support for effective homework. It is not clear to some people 6.how parental involvement can influence the effectiveness of homework. It is true 7.that parents in low income families don't have the time to make homework more important than other things or aren't able to afford a computer or additional books. However, 8.that only middle­class parents support their children's education is quite obviously wrong. Not all rich parents give the support they should, and some parents living in the poorest conditions find time and energy to involve themselves in their children's homework. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $