专题01 语法串讲1（动词时态和语态复习 ）（期末复习讲义）九年级英语上学期人教版

该初中英语期末复习讲义通过表格系统梳理动词时态和语态知识体系，涵盖一般现在时等七种时态及被动语态，每个知识点从定义、构成、句型到时间标志分层呈现，重点标注现在完成时延续性动词转换、被动语态时态对应等难点，清晰展现知识内在联系。 讲义亮点在于情境化例句设计（如“故宫参观”“伦敦旅行”）和分层练习体系，随堂训练夯实基础，链接中考真题提升综合运用能力，培养语言能力与文化意识。易错总结（如when/while用法区别）助力突破难点，支持教师实施分层教学，满足不同学生复习需求。

专题01 语法串讲1（动词时态和语态复习 ） （期末复习讲义） 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 动词时态和被动语态 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 七种时态 知识点01一般现在时 定义：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态。 构成：do,does/be(am,is,are)——动词变三单 past now future 当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词的变化形式 ①在动词原形后加-s。如:play/plays, like/likes, work/works... ②以s、 x、 o或ch、 sh结尾的动词,在词尾加-es。如:do/does, go/goes, teach/teaches, wash/washes... ③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变“y”为“i”再加-es。如:carry/carries, study/studies... ④以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-s。如:stay/stays, play/plays 基本句型: 句型： do does(三单) am,is,are 陈述句 I drink water every morning. She drinks water every morning. She is late for school. 否定句 I don’t drink water every morning. She doesn’t drink water every morning. She is not late for school. 疑问句 Do you drink water every morning? Yes, I do./No,I don’t. Does she drink water every morning? Yes,she does./No,she doesn’t. Is she late for school? Yes,she is./No,she isn’t. 时间标志：一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays. 如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫) They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意) (1)表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。 如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转) Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快) (2)条件状语从句中(以if,unless,as soon as引导)满足“主将从现”，表条件用一般现在时。 如：If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家) We will stay at home as soon as it rains tomorrow. 随堂训练 1.Mike often 　　　　　　(收集)stamps and plays basketball in his spare time.  【答案】collects　本题考查动词的时态。由and plays可知,此空为一般现在时,主语Mike为第三人称单数,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 2.And then it just 　　　　　(grow) and makes the world a better place.  【答案】grows　本题考查动词的时态。此处主语it为第三人称单数。由于and连接的前后两个动词为并列关系,根据makes可知时态为一般现在时,故填grows。 3.We can see clearly that Mongolia 　　　　　　(位于) between China and Russia on the map.  【答案】lies　句意:我们在地图上可以清楚地看到蒙古位于中国和俄罗斯之间。本题考查动词的时态。时态用一般现在时,Mongolia是第三人称单数,因此从句的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 4.Mary is crazy about reading. She b　　　　　　 a lot of books from the school library every time.  【答案】borrows　句意:Mary酷爱阅读。她每次都从学校图书馆借很多书。本题考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据from the school library可确定是“借书”;又由Mary is crazy about...可知本句是一般现在时,且主语She是第三人称单数,故答案是borrows。 知识点02一般过去时 定义： 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。 构成：did/be(was,were)——动词变过去式 动词过去式的规则变化。 一“直” 一般情况下,在动词原形末尾直接加-ed,如:play/played, look/looked... 二“去” 以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉字母e,再加-ed,如:live/lived, use/used... 三“双” 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop/stopped, plan/planned... 四“改” 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先把“y”变为“i”再加-ed,如:study/studied, worry/worried... 基本句型: 句型： did was,were 陈述句 I saw him yesterday. She was a student. 否定句 I didn’t see him yesterday. She wasn’t a student. 疑问句 Did you see him yesterday? Yes, I did./No,I didn’t. Was she a student? Yes,she was./No,she wasn’t. 时间标志：yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time等。 如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的) Little Tom broke the window at half past nine yesterday.(小汤姆昨天早上九点半把窗子打破了) He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市) 1.While I was watching TV, the doorbell r　　　　　　.  【答案】rang　由While I was watching TV可知事情发生在过去,因此用一般过去时,答案是rang。 2.Luckily, he was discovered and picked up by a London-bound (开往伦敦的) ship. So he 　　　　　　(land) in London by accident.  【答案】landed　本题考查时态。根据 was discovered and picked up 可知事情发生在过去,因此用一般过去时,故填landed。 3.Although I 　　　　　　(上学,参加)a class last year, my Spanish is still terrible!  【答案】attended　句意:虽然我去年上了一门课,但我的西班牙语还是很糟糕!本题考查动词的时态。根据时间状语last year可知设空处应用一般过去时。 4.And we never 　　　　　　(忘记)the lunch or the dinner, though, which we all made together over campfires.  【答案】forgot　句意:不过我们从没有忘记午餐和晚餐,那是我们一起在篝火上做的。本题考查动词的时态。made提示设空处用一般过去时。 5.After a long day, Tom l　　　　　　 down on the bed and went to sleep.  【答案】lay　句意:漫长的一天后,Tom在床上躺下,然后睡着了。本题考查动词时态。通过and和went可知,此处用一般过去时,lie(躺)的过去式是lay。 6.They didn't like vegetables or fruits. They 　　　　　　(更喜欢) to eat junk food.  【答案】preferred　句意:他们不喜欢蔬菜和水果,更喜欢吃垃圾食品。本题考查动词和动词时态。根据设空处提示词可知是动词prefer。根据前句中的didn't like可知是在讲述过去的事情,应该使用一般过去时,故答案是preferred。 知识点03现在进行时 定义：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 构成：助动词be (am is are ) +doing——动词变现在分词 动词现在分词的变化规则。 直接在动词原形之后加-ing look/looking, think/ thinking, study/studying 以不发音的字母-e结尾的动词,去e再加-ing come/coming, take/taking, dance/dancing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing run/running,swim/swimming,shop/shopping,stop/stopping, begin/beginning 少数几个以-ie结尾的动词,要变ie为y,再加-ing die/dying, lie/lying, tie/tying 句型： be (am is are ) +doing 陈述句 He is washing the dishes now. 否定句 He is not washing the dishes now. 疑问句 Is he washing the dishes now? Yes, he is./No,he isn’t. 时间标志：现在进行时的时间状语有:now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days等。 如：What are you doing now?(你现在在干什么？) I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说) (1) 表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。 如：I’m coming now.(我就来) What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？) He is leaving soon.(他就要走了) 1.The child 　　　　　　(cry)over there. What's wrong with him?  【答案】is crying　此题考查动词的时态。根据第二句句意“他怎么了?”可知,男孩应该正在那边哭,故填is crying。 2.He says that many summer camps 　　　　　　(wait) for instructions from the government now.  【答案】are waiting　句意:他说许多夏令营现在正在等待政府的指令。本题考查动词的时态。结合句意及now可知,设空处应用现在进行时。 3.Parents send their kids to many after-school classes. They are always c　　　　　　 them with other children.   【答案】comparing　句意:父母把孩子送到很多课外班补习。他们总是拿其他孩子跟自己的孩子进行比较。本题考查动词和动词的时态。them指代前文提到的their kids;结合下文中with other children可知是将他们进行比较(compare);由设空处前are always可知这里用现在进行时,故答案是comparing。 4.While we 　　　　　　(eat)breakfast, Claudio went upstairs to collect his things.  【答案】were eating　本题考查动词的时态。关键词While提示了设空处为进行时态,由went可知应该使用过去进行时。 知识点04过去进行时 定义：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 构成：助动词be (was，were ) +doing——动词变现在分词 基本句型: 句型： be (was,were) +doing 陈述句 He was washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 否定句 He was not washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 疑问句 Was he washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday? Yes, he was./No,he wasn’t. 时间标志：过去进行时的时间状语有：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。 如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭) (1) when和while引导的时间状语从句用进行时。 易错总结 while和when都是表示同时，到底句子中是用when还是while主要看从句和主句中所使用的动词是短暂性 动作(瞬时动词)还是延续性动作,进行时态一般是延续性的，过去式一般是短暂性动作。区别如下： 1、若主句表示的是一个短暂性的动作，而从句表示的是一个持续性动作时，两者都可用。如： He fell asleep when [while] he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。 I met him when [while] I was taking a walk in the park. 我在公园散步时遇到了他。 2、若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，通常要用 while。如： Don't talk while you're eating. 吃饭时不要说话。 I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候，我默不作声。 3、若从句是一个短暂性动作，而主句是一个持续性动作，可以 when 但不用 while。如： When he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他进来时，我在听收音机。 It was raining hard when we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。 4、若主、从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作，一般要用 when。如： I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。 1.My mother　　　(cook)dinner when I got home yesterday.  【答案】was cooking　句意:昨天我到家的时候,妈妈正在做饭。本题考查动词的时态。从句when I got home yesterday为过去时,所以主句应用过去进行时。 2.I saw Jeff in the park.He　　　 (sit)on the grass and reading a book.  【答案】was sitting　句意:我在公园里看到了Jeff。他正坐在草地上读书。本题考查动词的时态。根据前句的时态可知本空应用过去的某种时态,再根据and reading可知此空应用过去进行时。 3.—Why did the car hit the boy? —Because the driver 　　　 (talk)on the phone at that time.  【答案】was talking　句意:——为什么这辆车撞到这个男孩了?——因为司机那个时候正在打电话。本题考查动词时态。根据句意和关键词at that time可知,设空处应使用过去进行时。 知识点05一般将来时 定义：表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。 构成：will+do/be(am,is,are) going to do 基本句型: 句型： will do be(am,is,are) going to do 陈述句 I’ll go to the zoo tomorrow. I am going to the zoo tomorrow. 否定句 I won’t go to the zoo tomorrow. I am not going to the zoo tomorrow. 疑问句 Will you go to the zoo tomorrow? Yes, I will./No,I won’t. Are you going to the zoo tomorrow? Yes,I am./No,I am not. 时间标志：一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow等。 (1)用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”用于所有人称。 如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了) You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了) (2)be going to和will之间的区别。 1. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. 3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. 4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you. 1.Next year, they 　　　　　　(make) a CD of their songs and start a charity.   【答案】will make/are going to make 　根据 Next year 可知是明年的计划,所以使用一般将来时。主语是they,故答案是will make/are going to make。 2.But surely, people believe, his dream 　　　　　　(come) true in the near future.  【答案】will come　本题考查动词的时态。根据时间状语in the near future可知用一般将来时。 知识点06现在完成时 定义：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。 构成：have (has)+done——动词变过去分词 基本句型: past now future 句型： have done has done 陈述句 I have seen that film before. She has seen that film before. 否定句 I haven’t seen that film before She hasn’t seen that film before. 疑问句 Have you (ever) seen that film before? Yes, I have./No,I haven’t. Has she (ever) seen that film before? Yes, she has./No,she hasn’t. 时间标志：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。 如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画) He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国) (1)for和since的用法及区别。for与一段时间连用，since与时间点连用。注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。 2010 2020 如：I have lived here for 10 years.(我已经住在这10年了) I have lived here since 2010. (since 10 years ago) (从2010年开始，我就已经住在这了) 在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表： 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep open be open close Be closed begin/start be on come be here go be there finish be over die be dead catch a cold have a cold put on wear get up be up wake up awake fall asleep be asleep lose not have join be in leave be away arrive/reach be （2）句型： It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语 如：May I borrow your book?How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)如“狗死了一个星期了”应说成 “the dog has been dead for a week” 而不能说“the dog has died for a week”; 现在完成时中的时间状语： ★already通常用于肯定句中，意为―已经，位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。 例如：We have already cleaned the classroom. Have you finished it already？ ★yet用于疑问句中表示―已经；用于否定句中，表示还(没)。 例如：—Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？ —No, not yet. 是, 还没有。 ★ever意为曾经，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。 例如： Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那里吗？ Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发生过什么事。 ★never意为（曾经）从未、没有, 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever与否定词not连用相当于never。例如： I haven’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。 (3)have been to与have gone to的区别： have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里, have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。 1.She looked at me and said,“Oh, thank you very much, but someone 　　　(give) me food earlier and I’m quite full now.  【答案】has given　根据后面一句提到“我现在很饱了”可知,已经有人给过她食物了,所以用现在完成时,故填has given。 2.You might be surprised to hear that the number of people sleeping rough(露宿)in London has doubled in the last five years and has i　　　 by 30% across the rest of the country during the last two years.  【答案】increased 　句意:听到这些你可能会吃惊。在过去的五年中,伦敦露宿街头的人的数量已经翻倍,而近两年,英国其他地方的数量增长了30%。根据句意及首字母可知填increased。注意要用过去分词和has构成现在完成时。 3.She 　　　(study) English in the school since she left her hometown.  【答案】has studied　句意:她自从离开家乡就在这所学校学习英语。时态为现在完成时。 4.My mother　　　(be)a good example for me since I was young.  【答案】has been　句意:我妈妈从我小的时候就给我树立了好的榜样。本题考查动词时态。由题干中的since I was young可知主句应用现在完成时,结构为have/has done。 5.It’s nice to see you again. We　　　(see)each other since 2014.  【答案】haven’t seen　句意:再次见到你很高兴。自从2014年我们就没见到过。本题考查时态。通过时间状语since 2014可知,应该是现在完成时。 知识点07过去完成时 定义：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。 构成：had+done——动词变过去分词 past past now 时间标志：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when,before等引出状语从句。 (1) 过去完成时时间状语有：有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for… 或since…构成的时间状语。 如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came. The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了) 被动语态 知识点01被动语态定义： 主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。 主动语态改写为被动语态： 主动句： 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语(人/物) + 其他 + 状语 (动作的执行者) (各种时态形式) (动作的承受者) 被动句： 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + by +人 / 物 + 其他 + 状语 (动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者) 主动语态： I play basketball. 被动语态：Basketball is played by me. 知识点02 被动语态的构成。 被动语态由“助动词be +动词的过去分词”构成。 助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。被动语态后的by短语有时可省去。具体结构见下表： 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 ①be ② do/does be(am,is,are)+done 一般过去时 ①was/were ②did be(was,were)+done 一般将来时 will + do be(am,is,are) going to + do will be done be(am is are) going to be done 过去将来时 would+do be(was,were) going to+do would be done be(was,were) going to be done 现在完成时 have/has + done have(has) been done 过去完成时 had + done had been done 现在进行时 be(am,is,are) + doing be(am,is,are)+being done 过去进行时 be(was,were) +doing be(was,were)+being done 情态动词 情态动词 + do 情态动词 + be + done 不定时 to do to be done 知识点03易错总结 1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表示被动意义。如： This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 The kind of shirts sells well here.这种样式的衬衫在这里卖得很好。 2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如： School uniforms look good on us.我们穿着校服很好看。 The cake smells delicious.蛋糕闻起来很香。 1.If we don't protect the environment well, we'll be 　　　　　　(惩罚)sooner or later.  【答案】　punished　本题考查被动语态。此处表被动,应用过去分词。 2.They live in huts—little “houses”. These houses 　　　　　　(make)of wood and grass.   【答案】are made　本题考查时态和语态。主语为复数;根据live可知,时态为一般现在时。be made of 由……制成,故填are made。 3.It 　　　　　　(invent) for people to see each other while talking online.   【答案】　is/was invented　本题考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知,主语It和动词invent之间为被动关系,即它被发明来供人们视频通话。 4.When he was little, he 　　　　　　(influence) by his mother who was interested in literature.  【答案】was influenced　本题考查时态和语态。主句主语he和influence 是被动关系,故用被动语态。根据从句时态可知事情发生在过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。 5.Alone and hungry, he walked on the streets of the city. Unexpectedly, he 　　　　　　(call) into a big house.  【答案】was called　本题考查时态和语态。根据语境可知,他被叫进一所大房子,主语he和call之间为被动关系,谓语应用被动语态,时态为一般过去时,故填was called。 6.Mark Quinn hit upon the idea after studying how a person's happiness could be 　　　　　　(影响)by social media(媒体).  【答案】influenced　从句的主语happiness与influence之间是被动关系,因此使用被动语态。 7.Most programs will not 　　　　　　(allow)to have more than 30 kids.  【答案】be allowed　句意:大多数项目不被允许超过30个孩子。主语Most programs与allow之间是被动关系,因此设空处应用被动语态。 8.“Why? Your bright sunny smile 　　　　　　(love) by everybody, not how many hairs you have!”Miss Beautiful smiled.  【答案】is loved　主语smile与love之间是被动关系,且根据语境可知设空处用一般现在时的被动语态。表被动的by也提示用被动语态。 9.I've found a friendly guide here and yesterday I 　　　　　　(show) around the city.  【答案】was shown　句意:我在这儿找到了一个很友好的导游,昨天他带我参观了这座城市。本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。show sb. around领某人参观。 10.For example, it mentioned that the zipper was 　　　　　　(invent)by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.  【答案】invented　句意:例如,它提到了拉链是1893年由Whitcomb Judson发明的。设空处的提示词invent与其主语the zipper是被动关系,因此使用被动语态。 11.First of all, I think more bike lanes should 　　　　　　(build).  【答案】be built　句意:首先,我认为应该建设更多的自行车专用道。本题考查含有情态动词的被动语态。设空处的提示词build与从句的主语bike lanes是被动关系,且设空处前出现情态动词should,因此设空处填be built。 12.The read-a-thons are　　　　　　(举行)not only to raise money, but also to encourage teenagers to read.  【答案】held　句意:举行阅读马拉松不仅仅是为了募集资金,而且也为了鼓励青少年阅读。本题考查被动语态。此处与句子主语是被动关系,且空前有are,故填held。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1.It's 　 　(report) that tea has helped the farmers in Yunnan find a way to make a living.  2.A lot of trees 　 　(plant) in our city in spring every year.  3.His new novel is very popular and it 　 　(sell) out last week.  4.Mr.Green 　 　(invite) to sing an English song at the party and he sang well.  5.A speech competition 　 　(hold) in our school last week.  6.I think a lot of jobs 　 　(do) by machines and robots in the future.  7.When he is 18 years old, he 　 　(allow) to drive a car with a driver's license.  8.As we all know, the telephone 　 　(invent) by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.  9.He 　 　(interview) at the TV station and then arrived home at 10:00 p.m.  10.—Why have I never seen this kind of mobile phone? —Because it 　 　(produce) last month. It's the newest type.  11.Nowadays teenagers 　 　(encourage) to do voluntary work for their local communities.  12.Many labs 　 　(build) in the next 5 years to develop science and technology in China.  13.The lawyer 　 　(pay) if he wins.  14.In old days, the poor 　 　(force) to work for their bosses for over 18 hours a day.  15.—Will you come to Selina's birthday party? —I won't come unless I 　 　(invite).  【答案】1.reported　2.are planted　3.was sold　4.was invited　5.was held　6.will be done　7.is allowed　8.was invented9.had been interviewed　10.was produced　11.are encouraged　12.will be built　13.will be paid　14.were forced　15.am invited 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） （2025·福建厦门·一模）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Chinese lacquerware (漆器) is one of the oldest kinds of traditional art in China. Making lacquerware 1 (require) patience and skills. There are several steps in making it. First, choosing the materials is important. Wood, bamboo, or clay are commonly used. Then, the object is covered 2 many layers (层) of special lacquer from tree sap (树液). Each layer has to dry 3 (full) before the next one is added. After that, once enough layers are put on, the surface is made smooth 4 polishing. Lacquerware comes in many 5 (form), including plates, bowls, and cups. It is often decorated (装饰) with beautiful patterns like flowers and animals. The patterns are 6 (paint) or carved into the surface. In the past, lacquerware was mostly used by rich people because it was expensive to make. 7 now it is available to more people, and some items are more affordable. 8 (it) beauty is admired worldwide. Visitors to Chinese museums can often see 9 (wonder) examples of lacquerware. In modern times, many people still make lacquerware, trying to keep this ancient art. There are also competitions for the 10 (good) designs. Chinese lacquerware is a symbol of the skills and creativity of the artists. Whether you see it in a museum or use it in your daily life, lacquerware is sure to leave you a lasting impression. 【答案】1．requires 2．with 3．fully 4．by 5．forms 6．painted 7．But 8．Its 9．wonderful 10．best 【导语】本文介绍了中国传统艺术形式之一——漆器的制作工艺、形式、历史和现代应用。 1．句意：制作漆器需要耐心和技巧。根据“Making lacquerware”可知，此处用一般现在时，且动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填requires。 2．句意：然后，物体被涂上多层来自树液的特殊漆。be covered with“被覆盖”，固定搭配。故填with。 3．句意：每一层都必须完全干燥后才能添加下一层。dry为动词，需用副词修饰，full的副词形式为fully。故填fully。 4．句意：在那之后，一旦涂上足够的层数，表面就会通过抛光变得光滑。by为介词，后跟动名词形式。故填by。 5．句意：漆器有多种形式，包括盘子、碗和杯子。form为可数名词，此处用复数形式表泛指。故填forms。 6．句意：图案被画或刻在表面上。根据“or carved”可知，此处用过去分词painted与carved并列，作are的表语，表示被动意义。故填painted。 7．句意：但现在它对更多人来说是可以获得的，而且一些东西更实惠。根据“In the past”和“now”可知，此处表示转折关系，且空格后有逗号，所以用连词but。句首首字母大写，故填But。 8．句意：它的美受到全世界的赞赏。此处用形容词性物主代词修饰名词beauty。句首首字母大写，故填Its。 9．句意：参观中国博物馆的游客经常能看到漆器的精彩例子。example为可数名词，此处用形容词wonderful修饰。故填wonderful。 10．句意：也有最佳设计的比赛。for为介词，后跟形容词最高级作宾语补足语。故填best。 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） 1．（2025·天津·模拟预测）—It’s over twenty years since we ________ here. —How time flies! We ________ in Tianjin for so long. A．have come; have lived B．came; have lived C．came; lived D．have lived; came 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——自从我们来到这里已经二十多年了。——时间过得真快！我们在天津住了这么久。 考查时态。since引导时间状语从句，从句中动词come是短暂性动词，用一般过去时，第一空是动词 过去式came，表示“从过去某个时间点开始”；for so long表示一段时间，且动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时，第二空是have lived。故选B。 2．（2025·天津·模拟预测）—Do you know if we ________ a school leavers’ party? —I think if we ________ too many tasks next term, we will. A．will have; have B．will have; don’t have C．don’t have; won’t have D．will have; won’t have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道我们会不会举办毕业派对吗？——我觉得如果下学期我们没有太多任务的话，我们会举办的。 考查动词时态。根据“—Do you know if we...a school leavers’ party?  —I think if we...too many tasks next term, we will.”可知，第一空所在句是if引导的宾语从句，询问未来是否举办派对，需用一般将来时will have；第二空所在句是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，结合“we will”可知从句表否定含义，需用don’t have。故选B。 3．（2025·江西抚州·模拟预测）The film Zootopia 2 ________ very popular since it was first shown on Nov. 26th. A．became B．has become C．was becoming D．become 【答案】B 【详解】句意：电影《疯狂动物城2》自11月26日首映以来，一直非常受欢迎。 考查现在完成时态。根据“since”这一标志词可知，“since+一般过去时的从句”通常与现在完成时 (have/has+过去分词) 连用，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在。故选B。 4．（2025·安徽宣城·二模）Yesterday when Mom called to tell us that she couldn’t come back, Dad ______ for us. A．cooks B．is cooking C．cooked D．was cooking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨天当妈妈打电话告诉我们她不能回来时，爸爸正在为我们做饭。 考查动词时态。根据“when Mom called to tell us that she couldn’t come back”可知当妈妈打电话的时候，爸爸正在做饭，故此处用过去进行时was/were doing。故选D。 5．（2025·江西景德镇·三模）—I can’t believe you ________ the secret to others! —I’m sorry. I thought it was okay to share. A．tell B．told C．will tell D．tells 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我不敢相信你把秘密告诉了别人！——对不起，我以为分享没关系。 考查动词时态。根据上下文“I can’t believe”表示对过去已发生事情的惊讶，且答句“I thought”表明动作已发生，因此空白处需用一般过去时。故选B。 6．（2025·全国·模拟预测）I didn’t hear what you said just now because I ________ a phone. A．will answer B．am answering C．have answered D．was answering 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我刚才没听到你说的话，因为我在接电话。 考查动词时态。根据“I didn’t hear”和“just now”可知，此处描述过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。其结构为“was/were+动词现在分词”。故选D。 7．（2025·江西宜春·一模）—Where is Grace? —I’m not sure. Maybe she ________ her baseball lesson. A．had B．was having C．is having D．will have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——格蕾丝在哪里？——我不确定。也许她正在上棒球课。 考查时态辨析。had有，过去式；was having有，过去进行时；is having有，现在进行时；will have有，一般将来时。根据“I’m not sure. Maybe she...her baseball lesson.”可知，不确定格蕾丝的位置，推测她也许正在上棒球课，用现在进行时表示此时正在发生的动作。故选C。 8．（2025·江西赣州·一模）—I feel so proud that Zheng Qinwen, the young Chinese tennis player, won the second place in the Australian Open. —Me, too. It’s also surprising to find she ________ to seventh in her field in just a few months. A．climbed B．has climbed C．is climbing D．climbs 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我为年轻的中国网球运动员郑钦文在澳大利亚公开赛中获得第二名而感到骄傲。——我也是。同样令人惊讶的是，她在短短几个月内就攀升到了她领域的第七名。 考查现在完成时。climbed过去式；has climbed现在完成时；is climbing现在进行时；climbs一般现在时。根据时间状语“in just a few months”可知，她在短短几个月内已经达到了第七名，这个动作已经完成，并对现在产生了影响，应用现在完成时。故选B。 9．（2025·安徽亳州·二模）—Bruce _________ so much in the past two years. —Yeah, he _________ be shy, but now he is outgoing and active. A．has changed; used to B．changed; is used to C．changed; used to D．has changed; is used to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——在过去的两年里，布鲁斯改变了很多。——是啊，他过去是害羞的，但现在他外向且活跃。 考查现在完成时和动词短语辨析。第一空，时间状语“in the past two years”表示从过去到现在的一段时间，需用现在完成时，主语“Bruce”是第三人称单数，故用“has changed”；第二空，“used to”后接动词原形，表示“过去常常做某事（现在不做了）”，而“is used to”表示“习惯于”，后接名词或动名词，根据“but now he is outgoing and active”可知，过去害羞但现在不害羞了，故用“used to”。故选A。 10．（24-25九年级上·江苏常州·月考）We’re not sure if they ________ the concert in two weeks. If it ________, they must practice hard. A．will hold, holds B．will hold, is held C．hold, will be held D．hold, holds 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们不确定他们是否会在两周后举办音乐会。如果音乐会如期举行，他们必须努力练习。 考查动词时态和语态。第一句是if引导的宾语从句，结合“in two weeks”及宾语从句的“主现从不限”原则可知，空处用一般将来时（will do）；第二句是if引导的条件状语从句，主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时，且主语it与hold之间是动宾关系，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/are done）。故选B。 11．（2025·江西抚州·模拟预测）—What rules do we have to follow in the cinema? —Oh, you ________ to talk in a low voice in the cinema. But you are allowed to eat in it. A．don’t require B．didn’t require C．are required D．were required 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们在电影院必须遵守什么规则？——哦，在电影院里你被要求小声说话。不过你可以在里面吃东西。 考查动词时态和语态。don’t require一般现在时，主动语态；didn’t require一般过去时，主动语态；are required一般现在时，被动语态；were required一般过去时，被动语态。根据“rules...follow in the cinema”可知，“你”是“被要求”小声说话，应用被动语态；此处描述的是电影院的常规规则，用一般现在时。故选C。 12．（2026·安徽亳州·一模）Mary ________ for her excellent drawing in the school art competition last week. A．praised B．was praised C．was praising D．has praised 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Mary上周因其在学校艺术比赛中的出色画作而受到表扬。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语“last week”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；主语Mary与动词praise之间是被动关系，表示“Mary被表扬”，应用被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were+动词过去分词，主语Mary是第三人称单数，故be动词用was。故选B。 13．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）—Excuse me, can I park in the street? —I’m sorry. You can park on neither side of the street, or you ________. A．fined B．will fine C．were fined D．will be fined 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，我能在这条街上停车吗？——抱歉。这条街的两边都不能停车，否则你会被罚款。 考查动词时态和语态。根据语境，此处是“如果停车，就会被罚款”，表示将来可能发生的被动动作，因此用一般将来时的被动语态will be fined。故选D。 14．（2025·安徽黄山·二模）My advice on how to save paper ________ by my class last Monday. A．accepted B．was accepted C．is accepted D．has accepted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我关于如何节约纸张的建议上周一被班级采纳了。 考查一般过去时被动语态。主语advice与动词accept构成被动关系，且时间状语last Monday表示过去，故用一般过去时被动语态，主语是不可数名词，be动词用was，结构为was+动词过去分词形式。故选B。 15．（2025·江西吉安·二模）People ________ if they cut down the trees. A．will punish B．will be punished C．were punished D．are punished 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果人们砍伐树木，他们将会被惩罚。 考查条件状语从句的时态和被动语态。will punish将惩罚；will be punished将被惩罚；were punished被惩罚了；are punished被惩罚。if引导的条件从句使用一般现在时，主句需用一般将来时；且主语“people”与动词“punish”之间为被动关系，故主句需用一般将来时的被动语态，即“will be punished”。故选B。 16．（2025·安徽宣城·二模）—Excuse me. Can I bring these things onto the plane? —Sorry, knives or scissors ______ to go with people. A．isn’t allowed B．won’t be allowed C．aren’t allowed D．wasn’t allowed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，我能带这些东西上飞机吗？——抱歉，刀或剪刀不允许随身携带。 考查时态和语态。此处描述客观情况，用一般现在时，主语和动词allow之间是被动关系，且主语是复数，be动词用are。故选C。 17．（2025·江西吉安·一模）Eason ________ by his Chinese teacher and he decided to learn more about Chinese in the next few years. A．encourages B．encouraged C．is encouraged D．was encouraged 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Eason受到了他中文老师的鼓励，他决定在接下来的几年里学习更多中文知识。 考查动词时态和语态。主语“Eason”是动作“encourage”的承受者，需用被动语态；根据后半句“decided”可知，事情发生在过去，因此用一般过去时的被动语态“was encouraged”。故选D。 18．（2025·安徽滁州·三模）—Why do the elephants in Thailand have to ________? —Because humans there catch them for their ivory to make money. A．protect B．protected C．be protected D．are protected 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——为什么泰国的大象必须受到保护？——因为那里的人类为了赚钱而捕获它们的象牙。 考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知，主语“the elephants”与动词“protect”之间构成动宾关系，应用被动语态，根据空前的“have to”可知，此处是含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be done。故选C。 19．（2025·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）Sorry, your car can’t ________ in front of the hotel. A．put B．putting C．be put D．be putting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：抱歉，您的车不能停放在酒店门前。 考查被动语态。主语your car是被停放的对象，所以此处需用被动语态，C选项正确。故选C。 20．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）— It’s said that iQIYI Land ________ in Yangzhou since March, 2025. — Really? It will become a new popular attraction in our hometown. A．has built B．were built C．will be built D．has been built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——据说爱奇艺乐园自2025年3月起已在扬州开建。——真的吗？它将成为我们家乡的新热门景点。 考查现在完成时被动语态。根据“since March, 2025”可知，句子用现在完成时，iQIYI Land与build之间是被动关系，用被动语态。故选D。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 语法串讲1（动词时态和语态复习 ） （期末复习讲义） 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 动词时态和被动语态 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 七种时态 知识点01一般现在时 定义：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态。 构成：do,does/be(am,is,are)——动词变三单 past now future 当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词的变化形式 ①在动词原形后加-s。如:play/plays, like/likes, work/works... ②以s、 x、 o或ch、 sh结尾的动词,在词尾加-es。如:do/does, go/goes, teach/teaches, wash/washes... ③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变“y”为“i”再加-es。如:carry/carries, study/studies... ④以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-s。如:stay/stays, play/plays 基本句型: 句型： do does(三单) am,is,are 陈述句 I drink water every morning. She drinks water every morning. She is late for school. 否定句 I don’t drink water every morning. She doesn’t drink water every morning. She is not late for school. 疑问句 Do you drink water every morning? Yes, I do./No,I don’t. Does she drink water every morning? Yes,she does./No,she doesn’t. Is she late for school? Yes,she is./No,she isn’t. 时间标志：一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays. 如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫) They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意) (1)表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。 如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转) Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快) (2)条件状语从句中(以if,unless,as soon as引导)满足“主将从现”，表条件用一般现在时。 如：If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家) We will stay at home as soon as it rains tomorrow. 随堂训练 1.Mike often 　　　　　　(收集)stamps and plays basketball in his spare time.  2.And then it just 　　　　　(grow) and makes the world a better place.  3.We can see clearly that Mongolia 　　　　　　(位于) between China and Russia on the map.  4.Mary is crazy about reading. She b　　　　　　 a lot of books from the school library every time.  知识点02一般过去时 定义： 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。 构成：did/be(was,were)——动词变过去式 动词过去式的规则变化。 一“直” 一般情况下,在动词原形末尾直接加-ed,如:play/played, look/looked... 二“去” 以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉字母e,再加-ed,如:live/lived, use/used... 三“双” 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop/stopped, plan/planned... 四“改” 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先把“y”变为“i”再加-ed,如:study/studied, worry/worried... 基本句型: 句型： did was,were 陈述句 I saw him yesterday. She was a student. 否定句 I didn’t see him yesterday. She wasn’t a student. 疑问句 Did you see him yesterday? Yes, I did./No,I didn’t. Was she a student? Yes,she was./No,she wasn’t. 时间标志：yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time等。 如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的) Little Tom broke the window at half past nine yesterday.(小汤姆昨天早上九点半把窗子打破了) He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市) 1.While I was watching TV, the doorbell r　　　　　　.  2.Luckily, he was discovered and picked up by a London-bound (开往伦敦的) ship. So he 　　　　　　(land) in London by accident.  3.Although I 　　　　　　(上学,参加)a class last year, my Spanish is still terrible!  4.And we never 　　　　　　(忘记)the lunch or the dinner, though, which we all made together over campfires.  5.After a long day, Tom l　　　　　　 down on the bed and went to sleep.  6.They didn't like vegetables or fruits. They 　　　　　　(更喜欢) to eat junk food.  知识点03现在进行时 定义：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 构成：助动词be (am is are ) +doing——动词变现在分词 动词现在分词的变化规则。 直接在动词原形之后加-ing look/looking, think/ thinking, study/studying 以不发音的字母-e结尾的动词,去e再加-ing come/coming, take/taking, dance/dancing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing run/running,swim/swimming,shop/shopping,stop/stopping, begin/beginning 少数几个以-ie结尾的动词,要变ie为y,再加-ing die/dying, lie/lying, tie/tying 句型： be (am is are ) +doing 陈述句 He is washing the dishes now. 否定句 He is not washing the dishes now. 疑问句 Is he washing the dishes now? Yes, he is./No,he isn’t. 时间标志：现在进行时的时间状语有:now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days等。 如：What are you doing now?(你现在在干什么？) I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说) (1) 表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。 如：I’m coming now.(我就来) What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？) He is leaving soon.(他就要走了) 1.The child 　　　　　　(cry)over there. What's wrong with him?  2.He says that many summer camps 　　　　　　(wait) for instructions from the government now.  3.Parents send their kids to many after-school classes. They are always c　　　　　　 them with other children.   4.While we 　　　　　　(eat)breakfast, Claudio went upstairs to collect his things.  知识点04过去进行时 定义：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 构成：助动词be (was，were ) +doing——动词变现在分词 基本句型: 句型： be (was,were) +doing 陈述句 He was washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 否定句 He was not washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 疑问句 Was he washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday? Yes, he was./No,he wasn’t. 时间标志：过去进行时的时间状语有：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。 如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭) (1) when和while引导的时间状语从句用进行时。 易错总结 while和when都是表示同时，到底句子中是用when还是while主要看从句和主句中所使用的动词是短暂性 动作(瞬时动词)还是延续性动作,进行时态一般是延续性的，过去式一般是短暂性动作。区别如下： 1、若主句表示的是一个短暂性的动作，而从句表示的是一个持续性动作时，两者都可用。如： He fell asleep when [while] he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。 I met him when [while] I was taking a walk in the park. 我在公园散步时遇到了他。 2、若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，通常要用 while。如： Don't talk while you're eating. 吃饭时不要说话。 I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候，我默不作声。 3、若从句是一个短暂性动作，而主句是一个持续性动作，可以 when 但不用 while。如： When he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他进来时，我在听收音机。 It was raining hard when we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。 4、若主、从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作，一般要用 when。如： I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。 1.My mother　　　(cook)dinner when I got home yesterday.  2.I saw Jeff in the park.He　　　 (sit)on the grass and reading a book.  3.—Why did the car hit the boy? —Because the driver 　　　 (talk)on the phone at that time.  知识点05一般将来时 定义：表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。 构成：will+do/be(am,is,are) going to do 基本句型: 句型： will do be(am,is,are) going to do 陈述句 I’ll go to the zoo tomorrow. I am going to the zoo tomorrow. 否定句 I won’t go to the zoo tomorrow. I am not going to the zoo tomorrow. 疑问句 Will you go to the zoo tomorrow? Yes, I will./No,I won’t. Are you going to the zoo tomorrow? Yes,I am./No,I am not. 时间标志：一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow等。 (1)用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”用于所有人称。 如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了) You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了) (2)be going to和will之间的区别。 1. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. 3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. 4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you. 1.Next year, they 　　　　　　(make) a CD of their songs and start a charity.   2.But surely, people believe, his dream 　　　　　　(come) true in the near future.  知识点06现在完成时 定义：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。 构成：have (has)+done——动词变过去分词 基本句型: past now future 句型： have done has done 陈述句 I have seen that film before. She has seen that film before. 否定句 I haven’t seen that film before She hasn’t seen that film before. 疑问句 Have you (ever) seen that film before? Yes, I have./No,I haven’t. Has she (ever) seen that film before? Yes, she has./No,she hasn’t. 时间标志：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。 如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画) He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国) (1)for和since的用法及区别。for与一段时间连用，since与时间点连用。注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。 2010 2020 如：I have lived here for 10 years.(我已经住在这10年了) I have lived here since 2010. (since 10 years ago) (从2010年开始，我就已经住在这了) 在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表： 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep open be open close Be closed begin/start be on come be here go be there finish be over die be dead catch a cold have a cold put on wear get up be up wake up awake fall asleep be asleep lose not have join be in leave be away arrive/reach be （2）句型： It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语 如：May I borrow your book?How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)如“狗死了一个星期了”应说成 “the dog has been dead for a week” 而不能说“the dog has died for a week”; 现在完成时中的时间状语： ★already通常用于肯定句中，意为―已经，位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。 例如：We have already cleaned the classroom. Have you finished it already？ ★yet用于疑问句中表示―已经；用于否定句中，表示还(没)。 例如：—Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？ —No, not yet. 是, 还没有。 ★ever意为曾经，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。 例如： Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那里吗？ Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发生过什么事。 ★never意为（曾经）从未、没有, 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever与否定词not连用相当于never。例如： I haven’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。 (3)have been to与have gone to的区别： have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里, have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。 1.She looked at me and said,“Oh, thank you very much, but someone 　　　(give) me food earlier and I’m quite full now.  2.You might be surprised to hear that the number of people sleeping rough(露宿)in London has doubled in the last five years and has i　　　 by 30% across the rest of the country during the last two years.  3.She 　　　(study) English in the school since she left her hometown.  4.My mother　　　(be)a good example for me since I was young.  5.It’s nice to see you again. We　　　(see)each other since 2014.  知识点07过去完成时 定义：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。 构成：had+done——动词变过去分词 past past now 时间标志：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when,before等引出状语从句。 (1) 过去完成时时间状语有：有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for… 或since…构成的时间状语。 如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came. The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了) 被动语态 知识点01被动语态定义： 主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。 主动语态改写为被动语态： 主动句： 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语(人/物) + 其他 + 状语 (动作的执行者) (各种时态形式) (动作的承受者) 被动句： 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + by +人 / 物 + 其他 + 状语 (动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者) 主动语态： I play basketball. 被动语态：Basketball is played by me. 知识点02 被动语态的构成。 被动语态由“助动词be +动词的过去分词”构成。 助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。被动语态后的by短语有时可省去。具体结构见下表： 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 ①be ② do/does be(am,is,are)+done 一般过去时 ①was/were ②did be(was,were)+done 一般将来时 will + do be(am,is,are) going to + do will be done be(am is are) going to be done 过去将来时 would+do be(was,were) going to+do would be done be(was,were) going to be done 现在完成时 have/has + done have(has) been done 过去完成时 had + done had been done 现在进行时 be(am,is,are) + doing be(am,is,are)+being done 过去进行时 be(was,were) +doing be(was,were)+being done 情态动词 情态动词 + do 情态动词 + be + done 不定时 to do to be done 知识点03易错总结 1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表示被动意义。如： This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 The kind of shirts sells well here.这种样式的衬衫在这里卖得很好。 2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如： School uniforms look good on us.我们穿着校服很好看。 The cake smells delicious.蛋糕闻起来很香。 1.If we don't protect the environment well, we'll be 　　　　　　(惩罚)sooner or later.  2.They live in huts—little “houses”. These houses 　　　　　　(make)of wood and grass.   3.It 　　　　　　(invent) for people to see each other while talking online.   4.When he was little, he 　　　　　　(influence) by his mother who was interested in literature.  5.Alone and hungry, he walked on the streets of the city. Unexpectedly, he 　　　　　　(call) into a big house.  6.Mark Quinn hit upon the idea after studying how a person's happiness could be 　　　　　　(影响)by social media(媒体).  7.Most programs will not 　　　　　　(allow)to have more than 30 kids.  8.“Why? Your bright sunny smile 　　　　　　(love) by everybody, not how many hairs you have!”Miss Beautiful smiled.  9.I've found a friendly guide here and yesterday I 　　　　　　(show) around the city.  10.For example, it mentioned that the zipper was 　　　　　　(invent)by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.  11.First of all, I think more bike lanes should 　　　　　　(build).  12.The read-a-thons are　　　　　　(举行)not only to raise money, but also to encourage teenagers to read.  基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1.It's 　 　(report) that tea has helped the farmers in Yunnan find a way to make a living.  2.A lot of trees 　 　(plant) in our city in spring every year.  3.His new novel is very popular and it 　 　(sell) out last week.  4.Mr.Green 　 　(invite) to sing an English song at the party and he sang well.  5.A speech competition 　 　(hold) in our school last week.  6.I think a lot of jobs 　 　(do) by machines and robots in the future.  7.When he is 18 years old, he 　 　(allow) to drive a car with a driver's license.  8.As we all know, the telephone 　 　(invent) by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.  9.He 　 　(interview) at the TV station and then arrived home at 10:00 p.m.  10.—Why have I never seen this kind of mobile phone? —Because it 　 　(produce) last month. It's the newest type.  11.Nowadays teenagers 　 　(encourage) to do voluntary work for their local communities.  12.Many labs 　 　(build) in the next 5 years to develop science and technology in China.  13.The lawyer 　 　(pay) if he wins.  14.In old days, the poor 　 　(force) to work for their bosses for over 18 hours a day.  15.—Will you come to Selina's birthday party? —I won't come unless I 　 　(invite).  重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） （2025·福建厦门·一模）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Chinese lacquerware (漆器) is one of the oldest kinds of traditional art in China. Making lacquerware 1 (require) patience and skills. There are several steps in making it. First, choosing the materials is important. Wood, bamboo, or clay are commonly used. Then, the object is covered 2 many layers (层) of special lacquer from tree sap (树液). Each layer has to dry 3 (full) before the next one is added. After that, once enough layers are put on, the surface is made smooth 4 polishing. Lacquerware comes in many 5 (form), including plates, bowls, and cups. It is often decorated (装饰) with beautiful patterns like flowers and animals. The patterns are 6 (paint) or carved into the surface. In the past, lacquerware was mostly used by rich people because it was expensive to make. 7 now it is available to more people, and some items are more affordable. 8 (it) beauty is admired worldwide. Visitors to Chinese museums can often see 9 (wonder) examples of lacquerware. In modern times, many people still make lacquerware, trying to keep this ancient art. There are also competitions for the 10 (good) designs. Chinese lacquerware is a symbol of the skills and creativity of the artists. Whether you see it in a museum or use it in your daily life, lacquerware is sure to leave you a lasting impression. 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） 1．（2025·天津·模拟预测）—It’s over twenty years since we ________ here. —How time flies! We ________ in Tianjin for so long. A．have come; have lived B．came; have lived C．came; lived D．have lived; came 2．（2025·天津·模拟预测）—Do you know if we ________ a school leavers’ party? —I think if we ________ too many tasks next term, we will. A．will have; have B．will have; don’t have C．don’t have; won’t have D．will have; won’t have 3．（2025·江西抚州·模拟预测）The film Zootopia 2 ________ very popular since it was first shown on Nov. 26th. A．became B．has become C．was becoming D．become 4．（2025·安徽宣城·二模）Yesterday when Mom called to tell us that she couldn’t come back, Dad ______ for us. A．cooks B．is cooking C．cooked D．was cooking 5．（2025·江西景德镇·三模）—I can’t believe you ________ the secret to others! —I’m sorry. I thought it was okay to share. A．tell B．told C．will tell D．tells 6．（2025·全国·模拟预测）I didn’t hear what you said just now because I ________ a phone. A．will answer B．am answering C．have answered D．was answering 7．（2025·江西宜春·一模）—Where is Grace? —I’m not sure. Maybe she ________ her baseball lesson. A．had B．was having C．is having D．will have 8．（2025·江西赣州·一模）—I feel so proud that Zheng Qinwen, the young Chinese tennis player, won the second place in the Australian Open. —Me, too. It’s also surprising to find she ________ to seventh in her field in just a few months. A．climbed B．has climbed C．is climbing D．climbs 9．（2025·安徽亳州·二模）—Bruce _________ so much in the past two years. —Yeah, he _________ be shy, but now he is outgoing and active. A．has changed; used to B．changed; is used to C．changed; used to D．has changed; is used to 10．（24-25九年级上·江苏常州·月考）We’re not sure if they ________ the concert in two weeks. If it ________, they must practice hard. A．will hold, holds B．will hold, is held C．hold, will be held D．hold, holds 11．（2025·江西抚州·模拟预测）—What rules do we have to follow in the cinema? —Oh, you ________ to talk in a low voice in the cinema. But you are allowed to eat in it. A．don’t require B．didn’t require C．are required D．were required 12．（2026·安徽亳州·一模）Mary ________ for her excellent drawing in the school art competition last week. A．praised B．was praised C．was praising D．has praised 13．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）—Excuse me, can I park in the street? —I’m sorry. You can park on neither side of the street, or you ________. A．fined B．will fine C．were fined D．will be fined 14．（2025·安徽黄山·二模）My advice on how to save paper ________ by my class last Monday. A．accepted B．was accepted C．is accepted D．has accepted 15．（2025·江西吉安·二模）People ________ if they cut down the trees. A．will punish B．will be punished C．were punished D．are punished 16．（2025·安徽宣城·二模）—Excuse me. Can I bring these things onto the plane? —Sorry, knives or scissors ______ to go with people. A．isn’t allowed B．won’t be allowed C．aren’t allowed D．wasn’t allowed 17．（2025·江西吉安·一模）Eason ________ by his Chinese teacher and he decided to learn more about Chinese in the next few years. A．encourages B．encouraged C．is encouraged D．was encouraged 18．（2025·安徽滁州·三模）—Why do the elephants in Thailand have to ________? —Because humans there catch them for their ivory to make money. A．protect B．protected C．be protected D．are protected 19．（2025·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）Sorry, your car can’t ________ in front of the hotel. A．put B．putting C．be put D．be putting 20．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）— It’s said that iQIYI Land ________ in Yangzhou since March, 2025. — Really? It will become a new popular attraction in our hometown. A．has built B．were built C．will be built D．has been built 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $