专题07 冠词（复习讲义）（北京专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦冠词核心考点，涵盖不定冠词（a/an）、定冠词（the）及零冠词的基本用法与易混点，依“考情精解-知能架构-考点攻坚”逻辑展开，通过考点梳理（如a/an发音区分、the特指修饰）、方法指导（抽象名词具体化）、真题训练（2024-2025模拟题），系统构建复习体系。 讲义突出语境化与策略性，如设计“a university/an hour”发音对比练习、“the+名词+定语从句”特指辨析实例，结合传统文化热点语篇，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。分层真题训练配合固定搭配积累表，助力学生高效突破难点，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

高三英语语法总复习专题（一） 冠词 专题07 冠词 目录 01 析·考情精解 1 02 构·知能架构 1 03 破·考点攻坚 2 （一） 不定冠词 (a/an) 的基本用法与习惯搭配 2 （二） 定冠词 (the) 的基本用法与习惯搭配 3 （三）零冠词的基本用法与习惯搭配 5 01 析·考情精解 2021-2025 北京卷语法填空真题，未出现冠词（a/an/the）相关考点的单句练习，但冠词作为英语中一个必不可少的语法点，有很多命题的空间，2026年高考英语冠词考点可聚焦“语境判断+易混点辨析”：核心考a/an区分（依发音非字母，如a unique culture、an honest man）、the表特指（名词带定语从句/介词短语修饰）；易考抽象名词具体化（a great success）、固定搭配中零冠词与the的差异（go to hospital vs the hospital）；语篇贴合传统文化、科技等热点，侧重通过语境判断“泛指/特指”，而非死记规则，类指表达（the+单数/a+单数/复数零冠词）或成区分点。 02 构·知能架构 03 破·考点攻坚 冠词是置于名词前并限定名词的意义的虚词。冠词分为不定冠词a/an、和定冠词the，名词前若不用冠词时，又称作零冠词。不定冠词之所以冠以“不定”二字，是因为其主要特点是“不确定”或者“泛指”；定冠词之所以冠以“定”字，是因为其主要特点是“确指”或“特指”。 （一） 不定冠词 (a/an) 的基本用法与习惯搭配 1. 不定冠词的形式 不定冠词有a; an两种形式，当紧接着冠词的音素为辅音音素 (注意：不是辅音字母) 时用a；当紧接着冠词的音素为元音音素 (注意：不是元音字母) 时用an。请判断： ___ university ___ hour ___ useful instrument ___ European country ___ X-ray test ___ one-eyed giant ___ SOS signal ___ ugly man ___ honor ___ 11-year-old boy 2. 不定冠词的基本用法 (1) 泛指，表类别。如：An anthropologist studies human beings and their societies. (2) 表示数量一个，相当于one。如： She is an anthropologist. It was a cold winter night and the moon was shining. (3) 用于姓名或称谓前，表“某一……”，相当于a certain。如： A Mr. Wang is waiting for you. The house next door has been bought by a Mr. Jones. 考点拓展：抽象或专有名词具体化时需用不定冠词限定的情况。 (1) 某些表示特性、状态、情绪情感的抽象名词有时具体化，表示具体的人或事，如 surprise, pleasure, concern, success, failure, comfort, pity, worry, honor, wonder (2) 某些物质名词具体化时：如rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food, drink, chalk, sugar等表“一场，一种， 一份……”。 a heavy rain/ snow/wind/ fog a soft drink (3) education , history, knowledge, time, world等具体化, “表某一段或某方面或某种……” China is a country with a long history. She has a detailed knowledge of this period. (4) 专有名词具体化，表示与某个专有名词同类的或相仿的一个，或某人的一部作品。 He is said to be a Shylock and he has bought a Ford. 3. 必会习惯搭配（但不限于此，需同学们平时留意积累） all of a sudden ______ come to an end ______ as a matter of fact ______ a great many______ at a loss ______ at a time ______ at a distance ______ have a word with sb. ______ have a good time ______ keep a record ______ make a living ______ make a promise ______ once upon a time ______ have a gift for sth. ______ get a lift/ ride ______ in a sense ______ go/be on a diet ______ as a result/consequence ______ 4. 特殊位置： such/many/half/what + a(an) (+ adj. ) + n. as/so/how/too + adj. + a(an) + n. 例：such a high price = so high a price what a great mistake = how great a mistake （二） 定冠词 (the) 的基本用法与习惯搭配 1. 表示特指或确指 I bought a book yesterday; the book is very interesting. He is the man whom you’re looking for. 2. 单数可数名词前使用定冠词表示类别。如： The telephone was invented by Alexander G. Bell. 3. 世界上独一无二的事物 (太阳、地球、天空、宇宙等) the sun, the sky, the moon, the universe 但：如果这些名词前有形容词修饰时，前面常使用a /an。 a bluer sky a half/full moon 4. 用在方位名词前（注意不是方位副词） in the northeast of China go to the south on the left 5. 在表江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠、海峡、海湾等专有名词前，要用定冠词the。 the Yellow River黄河；the Pacific太平洋；the Red Sea红海；the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉； the British Isles不列颠群岛；the Taiwan Strait台湾海峡；the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠 但：山和河流用在前面时，不用冠词，如：Mount Tai, River Nile； 以人名命名的海峡或岛屿前也不用冠词，如：Cook Strait, Stewart Island 6. 用在由最高级，序数词，或only，same, very等词修饰的名词前。如： She is the most hard-working student in the class. He is always the first to come and the last to leave. This is the only way to the top of the mountain. 考点拓展 · 不定冠词可以用于“a most+adj.+n.”的结构，“most” 此时相当于“very”，不具最高级意义。 Shanghai is a most attractive city. · 当对同一人或物在不同情况下进行自身对比时，处于表语位置的最高级形容词前不加 the。 Shanghai is most beautiful at night. Vegetables are best when they are fresh. He’s busiest on Sunday. · 序数词前使用a，表示“再一，又一”，而不强调次序。如：She went there a second time. · 用于形容词比较级前表示“两者当中较……的”。如：The taller of the two is Tom. 7. 用于结构 “动词 + sb. + 介词 + the + 身体某一部位”, 这时the通常不用人称代词替代，如： catch sb. by the arm lead sb. by the hand hit sb. in the face pat sb. on the shoulder 此外注意结构：be red in the face, be lame in the right leg, be blind in the left eye 8. “the + 形容词”，表示 “一类人或物”。如： the wounded __________ the dying __________ the unknown __________ 9. “the + 姓氏的复数” 表示 “一家人/夫妇”。如： The Smiths are at table now. 10. 表示演奏乐器时，乐器名词前加定冠词the。如： He is playing the guitar. 注：在中国乐器名称前不用冠词。如：play erhu 11. 指世纪的整十的年代，如： in the 1980s / 1980’s in the 1670s/1670’s 12. 表示具体计量单位，意思是“按……计算”, 如: by the hour / day/ week/ month/ year/ dozen/ yard/ ton/ kilo/ thousand 但: 非具体计量单位名词前不加定冠词，如：Meat is sold by weight. 13. the more…, the more…句式，表示“越……, 越……”如：The sooner we start, the safer. 14. 必会习惯搭配（但不限于此，需同学们平时留意积累）： at the moment ______ by the way ______ in the way ______ （区别in a way _______） for the time being ______ in the end ______ (联想come to an end ____________) make the most of ______ go to the doctor’s ______ on the whole ______ on the radio/phone ______ on the spot/ scene ______ the other day ______ to tell the truth ______ in the public eye ______ on the one hand…, on the other hand ______ （三）零冠词的基本用法与习惯搭配 1. 表泛指或类别，用于不可数名词前或者可数名词复数前。如： Computers are used in almost every field. Snow is falling. 2. 用于学科名称、语言、球类、棋类、三餐前如： an expert on English (但: the English language) play basketball/chess have breakfast 3. 用于季节、月份、周、节日名词前。 They will stay at home on Christmas Day. 比较：If winter comes, can spring be far behind? I don’t like the spring of Changchun. 但：中国传统节日常用定冠词 the Spring Festival 4. 当名词前已有限定词修饰时，如: my, this, ’s , a kind/sort/type/variety of…。 5. 表示独一无二的职位或头衔做表语、同位语、主语补足语及宾语补足语时用零冠词。 He was elected chairman of the society. Tom, monitor of our class, will move to America next month. 6. 两个词指同一对象时，第二个冠词可省略；有些名词常成对出现，第二个冠词也省略。 She is a singer and actress. a knife and fork, a needle and thread, the king and queen 7. 系动词turn (变成) 后的单数名词作表语时零冠词。如： She has turned scientist. 8. 在as, though引导的倒装句中，名词用零冠词。如： Child as/though Tom is, you can’t fool him. 9. 必会习惯搭配（但不限于此，需同学们平时留意积累）： at present ______ at table ______ ahead of time______ by mistake______ by chance______ by day/night______ catch fire______ come to power______ in peace_______ in charge_______ little by little_______ in use/ danger/trouble/public /debt __________________________________________________ lose heart______ (区分lose one’s heart ____________) on second thought_______ out of control/date/temper/reach/breath/danger/respect/curiosity/order/work _________________ 1. （2025 石景山一模A）Released in 2023, DeepSeek is ______ open-source artificial intelligence system. 2. （2025 朝阳二模A）Tang Wensheng, 81, born in New York, is ______ outstanding Chinese interpreter. 3. （2025 丰台期末A）Tourism plays ______ important role in social engagement, appreciating nature, physical health and healthy diet. 4. （2024 西城二模）Black-faced spoonbills, ______ rare and endangered species, were sighted at Dongting after a five-year absence. 5. （2024 丰台一模）The dinner party is ______ threat, announced a recent lifestyle column in The Times. 6. （2024 朝阳一模）His painting of a prehistoric flying animal became the cover of ______ important scientific journal Nature in 2006, a highlight in his career as a science artist. 7. （2024 海淀一模）Consumers should purchase batteries that are only listed by ______ nationally recognized testing laboratory. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高三英语语法总复习专题（一） 冠词 专题07 冠词 目录 01 析·考情精解 1 02 构·知能架构 1 03 破·考点攻坚 2 （一） 不定冠词 (a/an) 的基本用法与习惯搭配 2 （二） 定冠词 (the) 的基本用法与习惯搭配 3 （三）零冠词的基本用法与习惯搭配 5 01 析·考情精解 2021-2025 北京卷语法填空真题，未出现冠词（a/an/the）相关考点的单句练习，但冠词作为英语中一个必不可少的语法点，有很多命题的空间，2026年高考英语冠词考点可聚焦“语境判断+易混点辨析”：核心考a/an区分（依发音非字母，如a unique culture、an honest man）、the表特指（名词带定语从句/介词短语修饰）；易考抽象名词具体化（a great success）、固定搭配中零冠词与the的差异（go to hospital vs the hospital）；语篇贴合传统文化、科技等热点，侧重通过语境判断“泛指/特指”，而非死记规则，类指表达（the+单数/a+单数/复数零冠词）或成区分点。 02 构·知能架构 03 破·考点攻坚 冠词是置于名词前并限定名词的意义的虚词。冠词分为不定冠词a/an、和定冠词the，名词前若不用冠词时，又称作零冠词。不定冠词之所以冠以“不定”二字，是因为其主要特点是“不确定”或者“泛指”；定冠词之所以冠以“定”字，是因为其主要特点是“确指”或“特指”。 （一） 不定冠词 (a/an) 的基本用法与习惯搭配 1. 不定冠词的形式 不定冠词有a; an两种形式，当紧接着冠词的音素为辅音音素 (注意：不是辅音字母) 时用a；当紧接着冠词的音素为元音音素 (注意：不是元音字母) 时用an。请判断： ___ university ___ hour ___ useful instrument ___ European country ___ X-ray test ___ one-eyed giant ___ SOS signal ___ ugly man ___ honor ___ 11-year-old boy 【答案】 _a_ university _an_ hour _a_ useful instrument _a_ European country _an_ X-ray test _a_ one-eyed giant _an_ SOS signal _an_ ugly man _an_honor _an_ 11-year-old boy 2. 不定冠词的基本用法 (1) 泛指，表类别。如：An anthropologist studies human beings and their societies. (2) 表示数量一个，相当于one。如： She is an anthropologist. It was a cold winter night and the moon was shining. (3) 用于姓名或称谓前，表“某一……”，相当于a certain。如： A Mr. Wang is waiting for you. The house next door has been bought by a Mr. Jones. 考点拓展：抽象或专有名词具体化时需用不定冠词限定的情况。 (1) 某些表示特性、状态、情绪情感的抽象名词有时具体化，表示具体的人或事，如 surprise, pleasure, concern, success, failure, comfort, pity, worry, honor, wonder (2) 某些物质名词具体化时：如rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food, drink, chalk, sugar等表“一场，一种， 一份……”。 a heavy rain/ snow/wind/ fog a soft drink (3) education , history, knowledge, time, world等具体化, “表某一段或某方面或某种……” China is a country with a long history. She has a detailed knowledge of this period. (4) 专有名词具体化，表示与某个专有名词同类的或相仿的一个，或某人的一部作品。 He is said to be a Shylock and he has bought a Ford. 3. 必会习惯搭配（但不限于此，需同学们平时留意积累） all of a sudden ______ come to an end ______ as a matter of fact ______ a great many______ at a loss ______ at a time ______ at a distance ______ have a word with sb. ______ have a good time ______ keep a record ______ make a living ______ make a promise ______ once upon a time ______ have a gift for sth. ______ get a lift/ ride ______ in a sense ______ go/be on a diet ______ as a result/consequence ______ 【答案】 all of a sudden __突然地__ come to an end __结束__ as a matter of fact __事实上__ a great many __许多__ at a loss __茫然不知所措__ at a time __每次__ at a distance __在远处__ have a word with sb. __与……说句话__ have a good time__玩地开心__ keep a record__保持记录__ make a living __谋生__ make a promise__给出承诺__ once upon a time __很久以前__ have a gift for sth. __有…….天赋__ get a lift/ ride __搭便车__ in a sense __在某种意义上__ go/be on a diet__节食__ as a result/consequence __因此__ 4. 特殊位置： such/many/half/what + a(an) (+ adj. ) + n. as/so/how/too + adj. + a(an) + n. 例：such a high price = so high a price what a great mistake = how great a mistake （二） 定冠词 (the) 的基本用法与习惯搭配 1. 表示特指或确指 I bought a book yesterday; the book is very interesting. He is the man whom you’re looking for. 2. 单数可数名词前使用定冠词表示类别。如： The telephone was invented by Alexander G. Bell. 3. 世界上独一无二的事物 (太阳、地球、天空、宇宙等) the sun, the sky, the moon, the universe 但：如果这些名词前有形容词修饰时，前面常使用a /an。 a bluer sky a half/full moon 4. 用在方位名词前（注意不是方位副词） in the northeast of China go to the south on the left 5. 在表江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠、海峡、海湾等专有名词前，要用定冠词the。 the Yellow River黄河；the Pacific太平洋；the Red Sea红海；the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉； the British Isles不列颠群岛；the Taiwan Strait台湾海峡；the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠 但：山和河流用在前面时，不用冠词，如：Mount Tai, River Nile； 以人名命名的海峡或岛屿前也不用冠词，如：Cook Strait, Stewart Island 6. 用在由最高级，序数词，或only，same, very等词修饰的名词前。如： She is the most hard-working student in the class. He is always the first to come and the last to leave. This is the only way to the top of the mountain. 考点拓展 · 不定冠词可以用于“a most+adj.+n.”的结构，“most” 此时相当于“very”，不具最高级意义。 Shanghai is a most attractive city. · 当对同一人或物在不同情况下进行自身对比时，处于表语位置的最高级形容词前不加 the。 Shanghai is most beautiful at night. Vegetables are best when they are fresh. He’s busiest on Sunday. · 序数词前使用a，表示“再一，又一”，而不强调次序。如：She went there a second time. · 用于形容词比较级前表示“两者当中较……的”。如：The taller of the two is Tom. 7. 用于结构 “动词 + sb. + 介词 + the + 身体某一部位”, 这时the通常不用人称代词替代，如： catch sb. by the arm lead sb. by the hand hit sb. in the face pat sb. on the shoulder 此外注意结构：be red in the face, be lame in the right leg, be blind in the left eye 8. “the + 形容词”，表示 “一类人或物”。如： the wounded __________ the dying __________ the unknown __________ 【答案】 the wounded __受伤的人__ the dying __垂死的人__ the unknown __未知的事物__ 9. “the + 姓氏的复数” 表示 “一家人/夫妇”。如： The Smiths are at table now. 10. 表示演奏乐器时，乐器名词前加定冠词the。如： He is playing the guitar. 注：在中国乐器名称前不用冠词。如：play erhu 11. 指世纪的整十的年代，如： in the 1980s / 1980’s in the 1670s/1670’s 12. 表示具体计量单位，意思是“按……计算”, 如: by the hour / day/ week/ month/ year/ dozen/ yard/ ton/ kilo/ thousand 但: 非具体计量单位名词前不加定冠词，如：Meat is sold by weight. 13. the more…, the more…句式，表示“越……, 越……”如：The sooner we start, the safer. 14. 必会习惯搭配（但不限于此，需同学们平时留意积累）： at the moment ______ by the way ______ in the way ______ （区别in a way _______） for the time being ______ in the end ______ (联想come to an end ____________) make the most of ______ go to the doctor’s ______ on the whole ______ on the radio/phone ______ on the spot/ scene ______ the other day ______ to tell the truth ______ in the public eye ______ on the one hand…, on the other hand ______ 【答案】 at the moment__眼下__ by the way__顺便是__ in the way__阻挡__ （区别in a way _从某程度上_） for the time being __暂时__ in the end__最终__ (联想come to an end _结束_) make the most of__充分利用__ go to the doctor’s__去诊所；去就诊__ on the whole __总体上__ on the radio/phone_在播出/通话中__ on the spot/ scene__在现场__ the other day__几天前__ to tell the truth __讲实话__ in the public eye __在公众眼中__ on the one hand…, on the other hand __ 一方面，而另一方面__ （三）零冠词的基本用法与习惯搭配 1. 表泛指或类别，用于不可数名词前或者可数名词复数前。如： Computers are used in almost every field. Snow is falling. 2. 用于学科名称、语言、球类、棋类、三餐前如： an expert on English (但: the English language) play basketball/chess have breakfast 3. 用于季节、月份、周、节日名词前。 They will stay at home on Christmas Day. 比较：If winter comes, can spring be far behind? I don’t like the spring of Changchun. 但：中国传统节日常用定冠词 the Spring Festival 4. 当名词前已有限定词修饰时，如: my, this, ’s , a kind/sort/type/variety of…。 5. 表示独一无二的职位或头衔做表语、同位语、主语补足语及宾语补足语时用零冠词。 He was elected chairman of the society. Tom, monitor of our class, will move to America next month. 6. 两个词指同一对象时，第二个冠词可省略；有些名词常成对出现，第二个冠词也省略。 She is a singer and actress. a knife and fork, a needle and thread, the king and queen 7. 系动词turn (变成) 后的单数名词作表语时零冠词。如： She has turned scientist. 8. 在as, though引导的倒装句中，名词用零冠词。如： Child as/though Tom is, you can’t fool him. 9. 必会习惯搭配（但不限于此，需同学们平时留意积累）： at present ______ at table ______ ahead of time______ by mistake______ by chance______ by day/night______ catch fire______ come to power______ in peace_______ in charge_______ little by little_______ in use/ danger/trouble/public /debt __________________________________________________ lose heart______ (区分lose one’s heart ____________) on second thought_______ out of control/date/temper/reach/breath/danger/respect/curiosity/order/work _________________ 【答案】 at present __目前__ at table __就餐__ ahead of time__提前__ by mistake__错误地__ by chance__偶然__ by day/night__白天/夜间__ catch fire_着火_ come to power__上台__ in peace__处于和平状态__ in charge__掌管，负责__ little by little__渐渐__ in use/ danger/trouble/public /debt_使用中/处于危险/处于麻烦/公开地/负债_ lose heart__灰心__ (区别lose one’s heart __倾心爱上__) on second thought___进一步考虑后___ out of control/date/temper/reach/breath/danger/respect/curiosity/order/work__失控/过时/发火/够不着/气喘吁吁/脱离危险/出于尊敬/出于好奇/发生故障/失业__ 1. （2025 石景山一模A）Released in 2023, DeepSeek is ______ open-source artificial intelligence system. 2. （2025 朝阳二模A）Tang Wensheng, 81, born in New York, is ______ outstanding Chinese interpreter. 3. （2025 丰台期末A）Tourism plays ______ important role in social engagement, appreciating nature, physical health and healthy diet. 4. （2024 西城二模）Black-faced spoonbills, ______ rare and endangered species, were sighted at Dongting after a five-year absence. 5. （2024 丰台一模）The dinner party is ______ threat, announced a recent lifestyle column in The Times. 6. （2024 朝阳一模）His painting of a prehistoric flying animal became the cover of ______ important scientific journal Nature in 2006, a highlight in his career as a science artist. 7. （2024 海淀一模）Consumers should purchase batteries that are only listed by ______ nationally recognized testing laboratory. 【答案和解析】 1. 答案：an；解析：不定冠词an用于以元音音素（/əʊ/）开头的单词前，open-source发音以元音音素起始，此处表“一个开源人工智能系统”，为泛指，符合不定冠词表泛指的核心用法。 2. 答案：an；解析：outstanding发音以元音音素/aʊ/开头，故用an，表“一位杰出的中文翻译家”，为泛指，核心考点是“a/an的选择依据是单词发音（而非拼写）”。 3. 答案：an；解析：固定搭配“play an important role”（发挥重要作用），important以元音音素/ɪ/开头，需用an，考点结合“固定搭配+元音音素开头的an用法”。 4. 答案：a；解析：rare发音以辅音音素/r/开头，故用a，表“一种珍稀濒危物种”，为泛指，核心考点是“辅音音素开头的单词前用a”。 5. 答案：a；解析：threat发音以辅音音素/θ/开头，用a表“一种威胁”，为泛指，强调不定冠词对单数可数名词的泛指功能。 6. 答案：an；解析：important以元音音素/ɪ/开头，用an修饰单数可数名词journal，表“一本重要的科学期刊”，为泛指，契合“首次提及某事物用不定冠词”的逻辑。 7. 答案：a；解析：nationally recognized修饰核心名词laboratory，laboratory发音以辅音音素/l/开头，故用a，表“一家全国认可的检测实验室”，考点是“冠词选择看核心名词的发音，而非修饰词”。 4 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $