Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas-(配套教参)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册(外研版)

本讲义围绕“The Well That Changed the World”语篇，系统梳理核心词汇（如donate, foundation）、语法点（过去分词作定语、同位语从句、“so...that...”结构等）及重点句型（“not...but...”等），构建“语篇引入-语言解析-练习巩固”的学习支架，助力学生逐步掌握语言知识与语篇理解。 该资料亮点突出，语言能力层面通过词汇链（如donate-donor-donation）、语法详解（如“介词+which”定语从句）提升学生语言运用能力，文化意识层面借Ryan助非洲儿童的故事培育社会责任感，思维品质层面设计主旨题、细节题引导分析推断。课中辅助教师系统教学，课后帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺。

Unit 2　Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas [对应学生用书P26] Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas [对应学生用书P26] The Well That Changed the World As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy，Ryan had trouble① believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn't get enough clean water[1].He looked across② the classroom at the drinking fountain③.It was very close－only ten steps away.So，Ryan asked himself，“Why do some African children have to walk ten kilometres to get water every day？And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick[2]？”Young Ryan thought，“Life is easy for me，but hard for those people.Why don't I help？” [1]spoken by his teacher是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the words，相当于which were spoken by his teacher。that引导同位语从句，解释the words的具体内容。 [2]本句包含了“so...that...”引导的结果状语从句； makes them sick是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。 At first，his plan was to earn money④ to build a single well somewhere in Africa[3].He cleaned windows and did gardening⑤ for his family and neighbours.He soon reached his first target⑥ of $70，but when he gave the money to a charity，he was told that it actually cost $2，000 to build a well[4].Seventy dollars was only enough for a hand pump.Ryan understood that a hand pump wouldn't help the children.What they needed[5] was a well dug near their homes[6]. [3]动词不定式短语作表语，其中“to build a．..Africa”是动词不定式短语作目的状语。 [4]“it costs (sb) some money to do sth”句式，意为“做某事花费(某人)……钱”。 [5]What引导的主语从句，What在从句中作宾语。 [6]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a well。 Two thousand dollars was a lot of money[7]，but Ryan didn't give up.He was determined to⑦ help other children have clean water.He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to⑧ donate⑨ money.At the same time，a friend of Ryan's mother helped make his story go public⑩[8].After several months，Ryan had raised the $2，000，with which a well was built near a primary school⑪ in Uganda[9].The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours to get water.They were grateful to⑫ him and invited him to visit. [7]表示时间、距离、长度、价值、金额、重量等的可数名词复数作主语时，常被看作整体，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 [8]“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。 [9]“介词＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the $2，000。 In Uganda，Ryan at last saw the finished well[10] with his own eyes.But that was not all.He also saw hundreds of delighted⑬ students who had turned out⑭ to welcome him.They sang and danced happily.Some even offered him food and gifts.At first Ryan was nervous，but soon a great warmth filled him.He really had made a difference for these children.He broke into a joyful smile⑮. [10]过去分词finished作前置定语，修饰well。 Later，Ryan's experience led him to⑯ set up⑰ a foundation⑱ [11] to encourage more people to help[12].Many inspired people gave him their support.Ryan's foundation continues to attract support from⑲ more and more people，so the work of building more wells can go on⑳.Today，over 800，000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from㉑ the life-changing㉒ gift of clean，safe water. [11]宾语补足语。 [12]动词不定式短语作目的状语。 Now，as an adult，Ryan says that the question to ask[13] is not “Why don't I help？”，but“How can I help today？”．This insight㉓ grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality㉔. [13]动词不定式作后置定语，修饰the question。 ①have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有困难 ②look across 强调从一边看到另一边 [辨析]　look over强调迅速地检查look through可以表示“翻查，翻找”，也可以表示“(假装)没有注意到” ③fountain n.[C]喷水池 drinking fountain n.[C](设于公共场所的)喷泉式饮水器 ④earn money挣钱 earn vt.& vi.挣得，挣钱 ⑤do gardening做园艺；做园艺工作 ⑥reach one's target实现某人的目标 ⑦be determined to do...决心做…… ⑧persuade sb to do sth(＝ persuade sb into doing sth)说服某人做某事 ⑨donate vt.捐赠，捐献 [搭配]　donate...to...将……捐赠给…… [词链]　donate(vt.)—donor(n.[C]捐赠者；献血者)—donation(n.[C，U]捐赠物，捐赠) ⑩go public公之于世，公开(秘密等) ⑪a primary school小学 a secondary school中学 ⑫be grateful to sb (for sth)(因某事)感激某人 ⑬delighted adj.高兴的，愉快的，快乐的 词链　delighted(adj.)←delight(n.[C]令人高兴的事；[U]高兴 vt.使愉快)→delightful(adj.令人愉快的) ⑭turn out出席，在场 ⑮break into a smile突然笑起来 break into...突然开始…… ⑯lead sb to do sth使某人做某事 ⑰set up建立；开办 ⑱foundation n.[C]基金会 ⑲attract support from...吸引……的支持 ⑳go on (with sth)(尤指停顿或中断之后)继续(做某事)，持续 ㉑benefit from...得益于…… ㉒life-changing adj.改变生活的 构词法　由“名词＋现在分词”构成的复合形容词常作定语或表语。常见的此类形容词还有 peace-loving(热爱和平的)，time-saving(节省时间的)等。 ㉓insight n.[C]顿悟，猛醒 ㉔make one's dream a reality ＝ realize one's dream实现某人的梦想 reality n.[C，U]真实，现实 改变世界的井 六岁的加拿大男学生瑞安难以相信老师说的话——在欠发达的非洲国家，许多人都喝不到足够的干净的水。瑞安的目光掠过教室，望向对面的喷泉式饮水器。它是那么近——只有十步远。因此，瑞安问自己：“为什么有的非洲孩子每天不得不步行十公里去取水？为什么水会那么脏，以至于他们喝了会生病？”年幼的瑞安想：“我的生活很舒适，可他们的生活却很艰难，我为什么不去帮助他们呢？” 起初，他的计划是挣些钱在非洲建一口井。通过帮助家人和邻居擦玻璃、做园艺，瑞安很快就达成了他的第一个目标——挣了70美元。但是当他把这笔钱交给慈善机构的时候，却被告知建一口井实际上要花2000美元。70美元只够买一个手摇泵。瑞安明白，一个手摇泵无法帮到(非洲的)孩子们，他们需要的是在离家不远处打一口井。 2000美元可是一大笔钱，但是瑞安没有放弃。他下定决心要帮助其他孩子获得干净的水。他开始向他的同班同学和邻居求助，劝说他们捐款。与此同时，瑞安妈妈的一位朋友帮忙将他的事情传播了出去。几个月后，瑞安筹到了2000美元，用这笔钱在乌干达的一所小学旁边建了一口井。这所学校的孩子们再也不用走几小时的路去打水了。他们非常感激瑞安，邀请他前来参观。 在乌干达，瑞安终于亲眼见到了已经完工的井。不仅如此，他还看到了几百名学生兴高采烈地欢迎他。他们高兴地唱着跳着。有的学生还为他送上了食物和礼物。一开始瑞安还有点紧张，但很快地他就感到一阵温暖。他真的改变了这些孩子的生活。他突然开心地笑了起来。 后来，这段经历促使瑞安建立了一个基金会，以鼓励更多的人提供帮助。许多深受鼓舞的人都给予瑞安支持。瑞安的基金会不断吸引着越来越多的人给予帮助，从而使打井事业能够继续。如今，这份能够改变人一生的礼物——干净卫生的水——已经惠及了非洲16个国家的80多万人。 如今，瑞安已长大成人，他说现在的问题不再是“我为什么不去帮助他们？”而是“如今我该如何去帮助他们？”。这份领悟，始于一个有勇气和毅力实现梦想的六岁男孩那颗坚定不移的心。 [对应学生用书P29] Ⅰ.重点单词 核心单词 1．fund v.为……提供基金，资助 2．recycle v.再利用，回收利用 3．earn v.挣(钱) 4．insight n.顿悟，猛醒 拓展单词 5．contribution n.贡献→contribute v.贡献 6．relief n.减轻，缓解→relieve vt.使减轻；使解除(痛苦、忧愁等) 7．shortage n.短缺，不足，缺乏→short adj.短的；短暂的；短缺的 8．effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的→effect n.效果；影响 9．donate v.捐赠，捐献→donation n.捐赠，捐献→donor n.捐献者；赠送人 10．reality n.真实，现实→real adj.真的→really adv.真正地；实际上 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．look across 往对面看 2．earn/make money 挣钱 3．turn out 出席 4．break into a smile 突然笑起来 5．set up 建立 6．benefit from 从……之中获益 7．make one's dream a reality 使某人梦想成真 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语 Knowing that the kids now have money for school is what keeps me going (让我继续前进) and gives me more energy. 2．“have trouble (in) doing sth”意为“做某事有困难” As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy，Ryan had trouble believing the words (很难相信这些话) spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn't get enough clean water. 3．“It cost(s) (sb) some money to do sth”意为“做某事花费(某人)多少钱” He soon reached his first target of $70，but when he gave the money to a charity，he was told that it actually cost $2，000 to build a well (打一口井实际上要花费2 000美元). 4．“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句 After several months，Ryan had raised the $2，000，with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda (用这笔钱在乌干达一所小学附近打了一口井). 5．“not...but...”意为“不是……而是……” Now，as an adult，Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why don't I help？”，but “How can I help today？” [不是“为什么我不去帮助(别人)？”，而是“今天我该如何帮助(别人)？”]. [对应学生用书P29] Ⅰ.What's the main idea of the passage? A．A Canadian boy built the best well in Africa. B．A Canadian boy raised money to dig a well for his family. C．A Canadian boy wanted to dig more wells for Uganda people. D．A Canadian boy made the world different because of his efforts. 答案　D Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks according to the passage Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer. 1．What inspired the Canadian boy to help? A．The dirty water he found in Uganda. B．What he learned from his teacher. C．The drinking fountain in his school. D．The ten-kilometre distance to the source of water. 2．What did Ryan plan to do at first? A．To help build a well somewhere in Africa. B．To help buy a hand pump. C．To donate some money to a charity. D．To set up a foundation. 3．Which of the following can best describe Ryan? A．Helpful and determined. B．Joyful and warm-hearted. C．Hard-working and grateful. D．Delighted and generous. 4．What's the influence of Ryan's foundation? A．A well was built in Uganda. B．Over 800，000 people in Africa have had clean water. C．Over 800，000 wells have been built. D．All the Africans can drink clean water now. 答案　1－4　BAAB 1．As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy，Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn't get enough clean water. [句式分析] 本句为主从复合句。spoken by his teacher是过去分词短语作定语，修饰the words；that引导同位语从句，解释说明words的内容。 [翻译]　6 岁的加拿大男生瑞安听老师说，非洲的发展中国家有许多人没办法获得足够多干净的水，他对此感到难以置信。 2．He soon reached his first target of $70，but when he gave the money to a charity，he was told that it actually cost $2，000 to build a well. [句式分析] 本句为but连接的并列句。第二个分句是主从复合句，其中when引导时间状语从句，that引导宾语从句。　 [翻译]　他很快就实现了第一个目标 —— 挣到70美元，但当他把这笔钱捐给一家慈善机构时，却被告知打一口井实际上要花费2000美元。 [对应学生用书P31] [核心词汇·练透] contribution n.贡献；捐款；稿件，作品(→contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；有助于；投稿) (1)make a contribution/contributions to...　对……作出贡献 (2)contribute...to...　把……贡献/捐献给…… contribute to...　导致……；向……投稿；有助于…… (教材原句) the contribution these people made to society 这些人对社会所作的贡献 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)In my opinion，reading the English newspaper regularly does contribute to improving (improve) my English level. (2)If you want to contribute to our newspaper，please send me your article before the deadline. (3)我建议大家共同努力，为保护海洋作出贡献。 I make a proposal that we(should) make joint efforts to make contributions/a contribution to ocean protection．(应用文写作之畅议信) relief n.减轻，缓解；宽慰；轻松(→relieve vt.减轻(痛苦、焦虑)) (1)in/with relief　宽慰地；如释重负 much to one's relief　令某人宽慰的是 breathe a sigh of relief　如释重负；松了口气 It is a relief to do sth　做某事令人欣慰。 (2)relieve sb of...　帮助某人减轻……(负担) (教材原句)The amount of relief and comfort experienced by the sick after the skin has been carefully washed and dried，is one of the commonest observations made at a sick bed. 病人在皮肤被仔细清洗和擦干之后所感受到的放松和舒适，是在病床上最常见的现象之一。 [练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子 (1)Hearing her son had been admitted by Tsinghua University，the mother smiled in relief. (2)It is sharing with others rather than keeping my worries to myself that has relieved me of trouble and made my studies more efficient. (3)To her relief (使她感到宽慰的是)，her younger brother recovered quickly after operation. (4) 爱丽丝到了目的地，她如释重负地松了口气。 Reaching her destination，Alice breathed a sigh of relief．(读后续写之情绪描写) earn v.挣(钱)，赚(钱)；博得，赢得 (1)earn/make money　挣钱 earn one's/a living (by...)　(靠……)维持生计/谋生 (2)earn sb sth　为某人赢得/博得某物 earn fame/a reputation　赢得名声 earn the respect/trust of sb　赢得某人的尊敬/信任 (教材原句) At first，his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. 起初，他的计划是挣些钱在非洲某个地方建一口井。 [练通]——补全句子/完成句子 (1)In order to support his family，he made every effort to earn/make money (挣钱). (2)Not only does Kim get to earn his/a living (谋生) by doing what he loves best but he is highly regarded as one of the world's best realistic painters. (3)他不遗余力地进行了一系列的改革，使他的国家繁荣起来，这使他赢得了良好的声誉。 He spared no effort to carry out a series of reforms to make his country prosperous，which helped him earn his good reputation．(2023·全国甲卷，应用文) turn out 出席，参加；证明是，结果是；生产，制造 (1)turn out (to be)...　结果是…… It turns out that...　结果是……，证明是…… (2)turn on/off　打开/关掉 turn down　关小；拒绝 turn in　上交 turn up　出现；到场；调高(音量等) turn to　转向；求助于 turn around/round　转身；(使)好转 (教材原句)He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him. 他还看到了数百名兴高采烈的学生到场迎接他。 [练通]——用turn的相关短语填空 (1)You had better turn up punctually or a few minutes earlier than the appointed time. (2)The baby is sleeping.I would appreciate it if you could turn the music down． (3)Anyone who is to take part in the activity must turn in the relevant application within five days. (4)I thought she was just a stranger，but turned out that she was a friend of my sister. make a difference 有影响；起(重要)作用 (1)make a difference to...　对……有作用/有影响 make some/no/little difference (to...)　(对……)有一些/没有作用或影响 It makes a difference (to sb)＋wh-从句　……(对某人来说)有影响/有关系。 (2)tell the difference between...and...　区分……与……的差别 (教材原句)He really had made a difference for these children. 他真的改变了这些孩子的生活。 [练通]——补全句子/完成句子 (1)After all，it is our joint efforts that make a difference to the environment protection (对环境保护产生了影响).Let's take action right now. (2)The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell the difference between them (辨别他们的不同). (3)有时仅仅一点善举也很有意义，使得这个世界更加美丽和谐。 Sometimes only a little kindness can make a great difference，making the world more beautiful and harmonious.(读后续写之主旨升华) break into a smile 突然笑起来 break into　破门而入；闯入；突然……起来 (＋名词) break down　出故障；垮掉 break up　拆散；分裂；分解；结束；分手 break in　强行进入；插嘴 break out　爆发；突然发生 break off　折断；突然停止；暂停 break through　突破 break away from　脱离；摆脱 (教材原句)He broke into a joyful smile. 他突然开心地笑了起来。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)If you go on working like that，you will break down sooner or later. (2)—I'm surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken up． —So am I．They seemed very happy together when I last saw them. (3)A fire broke out in this hotel last night and three people were killed. (4)当他听到考试又没通过的坏消息时，约翰哭了起来。 John broke into tears when he heard the bad news that he didn't pass the exam again.(读后续写之情绪描写) reality n.真实，现实；事实(→real adj.真实的→really adv.实际上，真正地→realistic adj.现实的，实事求是的) in reality　实际上 become a reality　变成现实 face/receive reality　面对/接受现实 make one's dream a reality　使某人梦想成真 (教材原句)This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality. 这种顿悟源于一个态度坚定的6岁男孩，他有勇气和毅力实现自己的梦想。 [练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子 (1)Residents really (real)welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (2)Another way of setting realistic (reality) goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives，keeping in mind your beliefs，values and strengths. (3)After years of hard work，his dream of setting up his foundation has become a reality (成为现实). [重点句型·通关] “not...but...”意为“不是……而是……” (1)“not...but...”连接两个并列的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近一致”原则，即要与but后的主语保持一致。 (2)与“not...but...”用法类似，同样遵循“就近一致”原则的结构还有： neither...nor...既不……也不…… not only...but (also)...不但……而且…… either...or...或者……或者…… (教材原句)Now，as an adult，Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why don't I help？”，but “How can I help today？”． 现在，作为一个成年人，瑞安说要问的问题不是“为什么我不去帮助(别人)？”，而是“今天我该如何帮助(别人)？”。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)You can have a taste of these traditional crafts by either seeing how to make them or trying one by yourself. (2)Neither the experts nor the physician was (be) enthusiastic about the cure for the severe disease. (3)我的父母和我都讲一口流利的英语，这使我们能与外宾沟通很顺畅。 Not only my parents but I speak English fluently，making us communicate with foreign guests smoothly.(应用文写作之申请信) [对应学生用书P34] Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．be under control 在掌控之下 2．renewable freshwater resource 可更新的淡水资源 3．developing countries 发展中国家 4．drinking fountain 喷泉式饮水器 5．ten steps away 十步之遥 6．reach one's target 达到目标 7．be determined to do sth 决心做某事 8．persuade sb to do sth 说服某人做某事 9．make one's story go public 公开某人的故事 10．a primary school 小学 11．be grateful to sb for (因为某事)而感激某人 12．see...with one's own eyes 某人亲眼看到…… 13．lead sb to do sth 导致/使某人做某事 14．the life-changing gift 改变一生的礼物 15．have the courage and perseverance to do sth 有勇气和毅力去做某事 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．We believe that the girl has the courage and perseverance to make her dream a reality (现实). 2．To be frank，it is a great relief (宽慰) to have the task completed in so short a time. 3. 珍妮一到家看到生日礼物突然笑了。 Jenny saw her birthday presents and broke into a smile the moment she reached home. 4. 不是他说的话而是他的善良和诚实感动了在场的人们。 It was not his words but his kindness and honesty that moved those who were present. 5. 有了这项新技术，今年这家汽车厂一周生产九百辆电动汽车。 With the new technology，the factory turns out 900 electric cars a week this year. [对应学生用书P34] 优秀品质和社会责任描写 Ⅰ.常用词汇 课文词汇 1．make a difference有影响，有作用 2．give up 放弃 3．be determined to help other children have clean water 下定决心要帮助其他孩子获得干净的水 4．be grateful to sb感激某人 5．break into a joyful smile露出了高兴的笑容 6．make one's dream a reality 实现梦想 补充词汇 7．be responsible for对……负责 8．be concerned about 担心，关切…… 9．be ready to help sb out随时准备帮助某人摆脱困境 10．reach out to...向……提供帮助 11．inspire sb to do sth激励某人做某事 Ⅱ.常用句型 课本原句 1．At first，his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. 起初，他的计划是挣些钱在非洲挖一口井。 2．Two thousand dollars was a lot of money，but Ryan didn't give up.He was determined to help other children have clean water. 2000美元可不是一笔小数目，但是瑞安没有放弃。他下定决心要帮助其他孩子获得干净的水。 3．Later，Ryan's experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. 后来，这段经历促使瑞安建立了一个基金会，以鼓励更多的人伸出援手。 其他表达 4．In his spare time，he would work as a volunteer，helping people in need. 在空闲时间里，他会做志愿者去帮助有需要的人。 5．Born into a poor family，he studied hard and went to college，after which he chose to return to his hometown to help more children. 出生于贫苦家庭的他努力学习并考上了大学，之后他选择回到家乡帮助更多的孩子们。 6．No matter what difficulties he encounters，he believes that he has the courage and confidence to overcome them. 无论遇到什么困难，他都相信自己有勇气和信心去克服它们。 Ⅲ.写作微练 1．从那天起，每次我遇到需要帮助的人，我都会向他们施以援手，希望把我得到的善意传下去。 From that day on，every time I meet someone who needs help，I always reach out to them，hoping to pass on the kindness offered to me. 2．从这次经历中，我充分意识到作为一名医生的责任和巨大的价值，因此，这激励了我继续追求梦想。 From this experience，I was fully aware of the responsibility and great value as a doctor，which，therefore，inspired me to continue to pursue my dream. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $