Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas-(配套教参)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册(外研版)

本讲义围绕人际交往中的沟通与冲突解决核心主题，通过学生求助信与回信文本，系统梳理核心词汇（如mess, let down, concern）、重点句型（形容词作状语、“疑问词+ever”引导名词性从句）及“Loose lips sink ships”等文化背景知识，构建从文本理解到语言运用的递进式学习支架。 该资料以真实生活情境文本提升语言能力，通过问题分析与解决策略培养思维品质，结合文化典故增强文化意识。课中助力教师开展文本解读与语法解析，课后通过词汇练习、写作微练帮助学生巩固知识，查漏补缺，提升综合语言运用能力。

Unit 1　Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas [对应学生用书P1] Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas [对应学生用书P1] Absolute agony①！ Our Agony Aunt answers your questions. Dear Agony Aunt， I'm in a total mess② here－hope you can help me out③！ I'm 17，and a member of our school basketball team.I'm crazy about④ basketball，and pretty good at it too，which is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match.We played well，but I felt the team were let down⑤ by one member，our point guard⑥.The point guard is a key player，but it was like[1] he wasn't even on the court！Disappointed by his behaviour[2]，I said all this to my best friend.I was just letting off steam⑦ really，because I was so angry，but then my friend went and told⑧ everyone else what I'd said．[3] [1]此处like作连词，相当于as if，引导表语从句。 [2]过去分词短语作原因状语，相当于Because I was disappointed by his behaviour。 [3]本句是but连接的并列复合句。but后的分句中包含what引导的宾语从句，作told的宾语，what在该从句中作said的宾语。 This is so totally awkward.I'm really angry with my friend－what should I say to him？And should I say anything at all to my teammate? Embarrassed⑨ and ashamed[4]，I can't concentrate on⑩ anything.Please help! Ben [4]形容词短语作原因状语，相当于Because I am embarrassed and ashamed。 Dear Ben， There is an old American saying，“Loose lips sink ships⑪.”This means that if you speak too much about something，especially to people who you don't know so well，it'll cause all kinds of trouble. The situation here is so much worse because the “loose lips” were your best friend's.Treated this way，you're sure to feel hurt—we should always be able to trust those closest to us，and it hurts even more when we find we can't[5]. [5]本句中过去分词短语Treated this way作状语。closest to us 是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰those。and后的分句中包含when引导的时间状语从句，该从句中we can't是省略that的宾语从句，作find的宾语，can't后省略的内容为trust those closest to us。 [语用]本句中的第一个hurt为形容词，表示“very upset or unhappy because someone has said or done something unkind，dishonest，or unfair”；第二个hurt在本句中为不及物动词，表示“to make someone feel very upset，unhappy，sad，etc.”。此外，hurt还可作及物动词，表示“to injure yourself or someone else”。 But I have to say that it's partly your fault⑫，isn't it？You admit that you were “letting off steam”．It is understandable⑬ in that situation，but we should always think before we speak⑭. Here's what you need to do[6].First，apologise to your teammate.If you ever want to win any more basketball games (and I'm sure you do！)，you need to work together，and that means communicating with each other clearly and resolving⑮ conflicts[7].So have a chat with your teammate.Tell him directly and honestly that you were talking without thinking. Then，talk to your friend.Friendship should be one of the greatest things in the world，but sometimes it can be difficult.Again，your strategy⑯is clear communication.Tell your friend you're angry with him for repeating what you said and making the situation worse，but that you want to move on⑰.[8]Approached⑱ in this way[9]，your friendship will soon be repaired. [6]本句使用了全部倒装结构，副词Here提前，主语是what引导的主语从句what you need to do。 [7]and连接的两个v.-ing短语，并列作means的宾语。 [8]本句中but连接两个并列的宾语从句，均作Tell的宾语，第一个宾语从句为you're angry...worse，其前省略了引导词that，其中包含一个what引导的宾语从句what you said，作repeating的宾语；第二个宾语从句为that you want to move on。当一个动词带有两个或两个以上并列的that从句作宾语时，第一个that可以省略，其余的that不可省略。 [9]过去分词短语作条件状语，相当于If your friendship is approached in this way。 Thirdly，and perhaps most importantly，think about your own behaviour.Don't say too much when you're angry！Filled with anger，you tend to⑲ say whatever comes to your mind⑳.This gives people the wrong signal㉑.Take a deep breath㉒，calm down，and always remember：think first，speak later.If you feel one of your teammates isn't pulling their weight㉓，then raise your concerns in a professional way with㉔ your team coach. If you think about other people's feelings as well as your own，you'll soon find everything works out㉕. Good luck! Agony Aunt ①agony n.[U，C]痛楚，苦难 ②in a mess陷入困境 mess n.[C，usually sing.]困境；杂乱vt.使不整洁 拓展 make a mess of (doing) sth把(做)某事搞得一塌糊涂 mess up 把……弄糟，胡乱地做 messy adj. 肮脏的，凌乱的；混乱的 ③help (sb) out 帮助(某人)摆脱(困境) ④be crazy about...狂热爱好……，热衷于…… 同义　be keen on (doing) sth 热衷于(做)某事 ⑤let down 使失望，辜负 ⑥point guard n. [C] (球队进攻的)控球后卫，组织后卫 ⑦let off steam 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪 steam n. [U]蒸汽，水蒸气 拓展　“生气”或“愤怒”的其他表达： go mad 生气，发火 lose one's temper with sb 对某人发脾气 go bananas 发怒 ⑧go and do sth (对某人做了蠢事感到愤怒或烦恼)竟然干出某事 ⑨embarrassed adj. 尴尬的，害羞的 词链　embarrass(vt. 使窘迫，使尴尬)—embarrassed (adj.)—embarrassing(adj. 令人尴尬的)—embarrassment(n. [U]窘迫，难堪；[C]使人为难的处境) ⑩concentrate on...集中注意力于…… concentrate vt.& vi. 集中(注意力)，聚精会神 concentrate one's mind/attention/energy on...集中某人的注意力/精力于…… concentration n. [U]专心，专注 拓展　表示“集中注意力于，专心于”的常见短语还有： focus on，be absorbed/lost in，be buried in/bury oneself in ⑪loose lips sink ships 祸从口出 loose adj. 控制不严的 lip n. [C](嘴)唇 sink vt. (sank/sunk，sunk)使(船)沉没 ⑫fault n. [U]责任，过错；[C]弱点；故障 ⑬understandable adj. 符合情理的，可以理解的 构词法　-able是一个形容词后缀，意为“可……的，能……的；具有……性质的”。 学以致用　猜测下列单词的意思： adjustable respectable ⑭think before we speak 我们说话前先想清楚 类似表达　think twice ⑮resolve vt.解决(问题或困难) ⑯strategy n. [C]计谋，策略；行动计划 ⑰move on (to sth) 开始做(别的事)；换话题 ⑱approach vt. 熟词生义　着手处理(＝deal with，handle) ⑲tend to do sth 往往会做某事 ⑳come to one's mind 出现在某人的脑海里 ㉑signal n.[C]信号，暗号 ㉒take a deep breath 深吸一口气 breath n.[C]一次吸入的空气 ㉓习语　pull one's weight 做好分内事，尽责 ㉔raise one's concerns with sb 向某人提出担忧 concern n.[C，U]忧虑，担心 ㉕work out (问题)逐渐解决，(复杂情况)逐渐化解；想出；锻炼身体，做运动 文化百科 Loose lips sink ships. This phrase was coined as a slogan during World War Ⅱ when the US Office of War Information attempted to limit the possibility of people unintentionally giving away useful information to the enemy.It was one of several similar slogans which all came under the campaign's basic message—“Careless talk costs lives”． 深陷痛苦！ 我们的知心阿姨解答你的困惑。 亲爱的知心阿姨： 我现在完全是一团糟——希望您能帮助我！ 我17岁，是我们学校篮球队的一员。我非常热爱篮球，也非常擅长打篮球，或许正因如此，当我们输了上一场比赛之后我特别生气。我们打得很好，但我感觉整个球队都对一个队员感到失望，(那就是)我们的控球后卫。控球后卫是关键球员，但他却好像根本不在场上似的！我对他的行为感到失望，就把这些都告诉了我最好的朋友。我其实只是发泄一下情绪，因为我太生气了，但是之后我的朋友居然把我说的话告诉了其他所有人。 这太令人难堪了。我很生我朋友的气——我该跟他说什么呢？另外，我该不该跟我的队友说点什么呢？ 我既窘迫又羞愧，无法集中注意力做任何事。请帮帮我！ 本 亲爱的本： 美国有句老话：“祸从口出。”意思是说，你如果就某事说得太多，尤其是向自己不太了解的人说，就会造成各种麻烦。 现在的情况要糟糕得多，因为那个“大嘴巴”是你最好的朋友。(当)被这样对待时，你肯定会感到受伤——我们应该总是能够信任那些与我们最亲近的人，当发现我们不能信任(他们)的时候，我们会更伤心。 但我不得不说，这其中有一部分是你的错，不是吗？你承认你是在“发泄情绪”。在那种情况下这是可以理解的，但我们每次说话前都应该先想清楚。 现在你需要这样做。首先，向你的队友道歉。如果你想以后赢得更多的篮球比赛(我确定你想！)，你们需要一起努力，那意味着你们彼此间必须沟通清楚，化解冲突。所以跟你那位队友(好好)聊聊，直接而坦诚地告诉他，你是未经思考说了那些话。 然后，跟你的朋友谈谈。友谊应该是世界上最伟大的事物之一，但有时它也会出问题。再一次(强调)，你的策略是进行清楚的沟通。告诉你的朋友，他传话的行为让情况更糟糕了，你对此很生气，但是你想(放下此事)继续向前。以这种方式处理的话，你们的友谊很快就能修复。 第三点，或许也是最重要的一点，反思你自己的行为。生气的时候不要说太多话！满腔怒火的时候，你往往会想到什么就说什么。这会给人们(传递)错误的信号。深呼吸，平静下来，并时刻记住：先思而后言。你如果觉得哪位队友没有尽职尽责，那就以专业的方式向你的球队教练提出你的担忧。 如果你像考虑你自己的感受一样考虑别人的感受，很快你就会发现所有问题都能化解。 祝你好运！ 知心阿姨 [对应学生用书P4] Ⅰ.重点单词 核心单词 1．loose adj.说话随便(轻率)的 2．fault n.责任，过错 3．sink v.使(船)沉没 4．resolve v.解决(问题、困难) 5．strategy n.计谋，策略；行动计划 6．signal n.信号；暗号 拓展单词 7．breath n.一口气→breathe vi.呼吸→breathless adj.喘不过气来的 8．concern n.忧虑，担心 v.(使)担忧；涉及，关系到→concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的；(与某事)有关的→concerning prep.关于，有关，涉及 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．in a mess 乱七八糟；处境困难 2．help out 帮一把 3．let down 使失望，辜负 4．let off steam 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪 5．be angry with sb 生某人的气 6．be sure to do sth 一定会做某事 7．apologise to sb 向某人道歉 8．communicate with 与某人交流 9．move on 离开；继续前进 10．take a breath 吸一口气 11．pull one's weight 做好分内事，尽责 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．“That/This/It is why...”意为“那/这/它是……的原因。” I'm crazy about basketball，and pretty good at it too，which is probably why I was so mad (这或许就是我很生气的原因) when we lost our last match. 2．what引导名词性从句 (1)I was just letting off steam really，because I was so angry，but then my friend went and told everyone else what I'd said (我说的话). (2)Here's what you need to do (你需要做的). 3．形容词(短语)作状语 Embarrassed and ashamed (既尴尬又羞愧)，I can't concentrate on anything. 4．“特殊疑问词＋-ever”引导名词性从句 Filled with anger，you tend to say whatever comes to your mind (想到什么就说什么). [对应学生用书P5] Ⅰ.What's mainly talked about in the passage? A．Ben asks Agony Aunt to help him to win his match back. B．Agony Aunt helps Ben out of his relationship problems. C．Agony Aunt tells Ben to apologise to his friend for quarrels. D．Ben is asked to keep silent for his teammate disappointed him. 答案　B Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks according to the passage 1．lose the match　2.let off steam　3.embarrassed and ashamed　4.Apologised to his teammate　5.move on 6．think first，speak later Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer. 1．What problem caused Ben to write a letter for help? A．He was caught in an awkward situation after a basketball match. B．His best friend let out Ben's secret to others. C．Ben's basketball team lost an important match. D．Ben had bad academic performance at school. 2．What does Agony Aunt think of Ben's behaviour? A．Favorable. B．Opposed. C．Understandable. D．Admirable. 3．What is the most important to Ben according to Agony Aunt? A．Thinking about his own behaviour. B．Making a clear communication. C．Saying his mind clearly in anger. D．Giving other people a correct signal. 4．What is the main purpose of the second letter? A．To introduce how to repair friendship. B．To propose the column Agony Aunt. C．To give suggestions to Ben. D．To present some ways to resolve conflicts. 答案　1—4　ACAC 1．I was just letting off steam really，because I was so angry，but then my friend went and told everyone else what I'd said. [句式分析] 本句中but连接两个并列分句，第一个分句中的because引导原因状语从句；第二个分句中的what引导宾语从句。　　 [翻译]　我真的只是发泄一下情绪，因为我太生气了，但是之后我的朋友居然把我说的话告诉了其他所有人。 2．This means that if you speak too much about something，especially to people who you don't know so well，it'll cause all kinds of trouble. [句式分析] 本句为主从复合句。that引导宾语从句；if引导条件状语从句；who引导定语从句。　 [翻译]　意思是说，如果你就某事说得太多，尤其是向自己不太了解的人说，就会造成各种麻烦。 3．Tell your friend you're angry with him for repeating what you said and making the situation worse，but that you want to move on. [句式分析] 本句为主从复合句。what引导宾语从句；“making the situation worse”是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构；that引导宾语从句。 [翻译]　告诉你的朋友，你对他转述你的话让情况变得更糟糕很生气，但是你想放下此事，继续向前。 [对应学生用书P6] [核心词汇·练透] mess n.困境；混乱；杂乱；不整洁 v.使不整洁；弄脏；弄乱(→messy adj.肮脏的，凌乱的；混乱的) in a mess　乱七八糟；陷入困境；混乱，杂乱 mess up　搞砸；弄脏；弄乱；干扰 (教材原句)I'm in a total mess here—hope you can help me out! 我现在完全是一团糟——希望您能帮帮我！ [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The room is so messy(mess).There are clothes and books everywhere.It takes me ages to find my favorite T-shirt and the textbook I need for tomorrow's class. (2)It took me ages to get this right—I don't want anyone to mess it up again. (3)他的思绪一团糟，心里充满了对自己和挚友之间日益恶化的关系的担忧。 His mind is in a mess，filled with worries about his relationship with his best friend.(读后续写之心理描写) help out帮一把；帮助(某人)克服困难 (1)help sb (to) do sth　帮助某人做某事 help sb with sth　在某方面帮助某人 (2)can't help doing sth＝ can't help but do sth　忍不住做某事 (3)help oneself to sth　自取/自用某物 (4)with the help of...　在……的帮助下 be of great help　非常有帮助 (教材原句)I'm in a total mess here—hope you can help me out! 我现在完全是一团糟——希望您能帮帮我！ [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)That encouragement helped me (to) get(get) through the language barrier.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) (2) I'm writing to show my sincere gratitude for you because you helped me out with the tough situation. (3)In my opinion，when in trouble we'd better ask our teachers，parents，friends or classmates for help，which is of great help to solve the problems. (4)直到现在，每次我回想起这次经历，我都会忍不住想，如果世界上多一些信任和诚实，我们的世界将会多么美好。(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) Till now，every time I recall this experience，I can't help wondering/can't help but wonder if there is more trust and honesty in the world，how charming our world will be.(读后续写之主旨升华) let down 使失望，辜负；把……放下来 let out　释放；放走；发出(叫喊声等)；泄露(消息、秘密等) let alone　更不用说 let...alone　不碰；不打扰 let in　允许进入；让……进来 let off　使爆炸；释放；宽恕 let go (of)　释放；放开，松手 (教材原句)We played well，but I felt the team were let down by one member，our point guard. 我们打得很好，但我感觉整个球队都对一个队员感到失望，(那就是)我们的控球后卫。 [练通]——用let的相关短语填空/完成句子 (1)The girl was frightened to see the snake，and she let out a sharp cry. (2)The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting in the natural light during the day. (3)—Are you getting a new computer this week? —You must be joking! I can't afford to pay my school fees，let alone buy a new computer. (4)In many countries，people let off fireworks to celebrate their traditional festivals. (5)我写信是为了向你道歉，因为我在比赛中的糟糕表现让你失望了。 I am writing to make an apology to you for I let you down because of my bad performance in the match. (应用文写作之道歉信) breath n. 一口气；呼吸；气息(→breathe v.呼吸→breathless adj.上气不接下气的；气喘吁吁的) (1)hold one's breath　屏住呼吸 take a deep breath　深呼吸 lose one's breath　喘不过气来 out of breath　喘不过气来；上气不接下气 (2)breathe a sigh of relief　如释重负；松了口气 (教材原句)Take a deep breath，calm down，and always remember: think first，speak later. 深呼吸，冷静下来，并时刻记住：先思而后言。 [练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子 (1)Furthermore，oceans，which are “the lungs of our planet”，provide most of the oxygen we breathe (breath). (2)The boy took a deep breath (深吸一口气) and held his breath (屏住呼吸) before he got into the water.After a moment，he put his head out of the water and it seemed as if he was quite out of breath(上气不接下气)，but soon he breathed normally. (3)当这个男孩终于苏醒过来时，我们大家都松了一口气。 When the boy finally came to himself，all of us all breathed a sigh of relief．(读后续写之情绪描写) concern n.忧虑，担心vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到(→concerning prep.关于，涉及) (1)express/show concern about/for...　对……表示关心/担心 (2)concern oneself about...　关心…… (3)concerned adj.　关切的；担心的 be concerned about/for...　对……担心/忧虑 be concerned with...　与……有关 (4)as/so far as...be concerned　就……而言 (教材原句)If you feel one of your teammates isn't pulling their weight，then raise your concerns in a professional way with your team coach. 你如果觉得你的队友没有尽职尽责，那就以专业的方式向你的球队教练提出你的担忧。 [练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子 (1)Educators should be concerned more about the problems which are concerned with the healthy growth of the children rather than only show concern for their grades. (2)Recently，we conducted a survey concerning (concern) different ways to learn English beyond the classroom. (3)As far as I am concerned (就我个人而言)，students should do more listening and speaking so that they can develop their communication skills. (4) 我的焦虑和担忧为喜悦和解脱所取代，我很高兴我的辛勤努力和坚持终于得到了回报！ My anxiety and concern gave way to joy and relief —joy for my painstaking efforts and persistence eventually paying off！(读后续写之情绪描写) [重点句型·通关] 形容词(短语)作状语 (1)形容词(短语)作状语用来说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开； (2)形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态，即和主语构成主系表结构。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。 (教材原句)Embarrassed and ashamed，I can't concentrate on anything. 我感到既尴尬又羞愧，做什么事都无法集中精力。 [练通]——单句语法填空/句式升级 (1)After the long journey，the three of them went back home，hungry and tired (tire). (2)It was a real race against time to get the project done. Luckily (lucky)，we made it. (3)I am convinced that you like paper-cutting，so I'd like to invite you to visit the exhibition. →Convinced that you like paper-cutting，I'd like to invite you to visit the exhibition.(形容词短语作状语) “特殊疑问词＋-ever”引导名词性从句 句中whatever引导宾语从句，相当于anything that，在从句中作主语。 (1)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句；在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。 (2)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how。 (3)“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。 (教材原句)Filled with anger，you tend to say whatever comes to your mind. 怒气冲冲的时候，你往往会想到什么就说什么。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish whatever I put my mind to. (2)The little boy is so clever that he can answer the question however hard it is. (3)Across the globe，cultural heritage is passed down through generations and wherever we go，we are surrounded by history. (4)无论我们选择什么方法，是我们内在的兴趣和热情让我们在英语上取得辉煌的进步。 Whatever method we choose，it is our inner interest and enthusiasm that allow us to make brilliant progress in English.(应用文写作之语言学习) [对应学生用书P9] Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．turn to sb for help 向某人寻求帮助 2．be crazy about 着迷于；热衷于 3．point guard (球队进攻的)控球后卫 4．concentrate on 集中精力于…… 5．loose lips sink ships 祸从口出 6．have a chat with sb 与某人聊天 7．most importantly 最为重要的是 8．come to one's mind 出现在某人的脑海里 9．calm down (使)平静下来 10．raise one's concerns with sb 向某人提出自己的担忧 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．When the runners got close to the finishing line，we all held our breath (呼吸). 2．Be grateful to those who have criticized you，as they reminded you of your faults (错误). 3. 汤姆又惊又怕，从房间里跑了出去。 Surprised and afraid，Tom ran out of the room. 4．因为你在期末考试中的出色表现，你可以得到你想要的任何东西作为礼物。You can get whatever you want as a gift for your fantastic performance in the final examination. 5．是我的老师帮助我摆脱了困境，要是没有他的帮助，我不会这么容易做到。 It was my teacher who helped me out．Without his help，I couldn't have managed it so easily. [对应学生用书P9] 心理情感——喜、怒、哀 Ⅰ.常用词汇 课文词汇 1．be crazy about sth酷爱某物 2．be angry with sb 生某人的气 3．be filled with anger充满愤怒 4．let off steam 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪 5．mad 疯狂的，恼怒的 6．let down 使失望，辜负 7．be disappointed by对……感到失望 补充词汇 8．delighted/pleased高兴的；愉快的 9．be content with 满足于 10．fly into a rage 勃然大怒 11．be in high/low spirits情绪高/低 12．grief 伤心；悲痛 13．depressed 沮丧的 Ⅱ.常用句型 课本原句 1．I'm crazy about basketball，and pretty good at it too，which is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match. 我酷爱打篮球，打得也很好，也许正因如此，在我们队输掉了最近的比赛时我相当恼怒。 2．I was just letting off steam really，because I was so angry... 我其实只是想发泄一下怒气，因为我太生气了…… 3．Filled with anger，you tend to say whatever comes to your mind. 当你满腔怒火的时候，你往往想到什么就说什么。 4．Disappointed by his behaviour，I said all this to my best friend. 我对他的所作所为感到失望，就把这些全部告诉了我最好的朋友。 其他表达 5．A sense of joy and happiness suddenly went through him. 突然一阵欣喜涌上他的心头。 6．I'm in low spirits and can't concentrate on anything. 我情绪低落，做什么事都无法集中精力。 Ⅲ.写作微练 1．今天每位学生都兴高采烈，因为暑假即将来临。 Today，every student is in high spirits because the summer vacation is around the corner. 2．如果听到那条新闻，恐怕我们中绝大多数人都会勃然大怒。 Perhaps most of us would fly into a rage if hearing that news. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $