Unit 4 Section 2 Reading and Thinking-(配套练习)【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册(人教版)

[对应知能达标训练P46] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．We have launched (发起) a series of campaigns so as to strengthen people's awareness of taking exercise. 2．As we all know，Yang Liwei and Wang Yaping are famous astronauts (航天员) in China. 3．Chest pains can be a warning signal (信号) of heart problems. 4．Roy didn't do well in the exam，making his parents disappointed (失望的). 5．We made up our minds to carry on with two independent (独立的) studies. 6．The determined (意志坚定的) expression on his face suggested that he wouldn't give in. 7．My friend Li Ming had the desire to make a robot himself as a child. 8．Our goal is to create a peaceful community with shared future for mankind． Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．I have a strong desire to visit (visit) the old village，where you can see the beautiful scenery. 2．The campaign of “building a green campus” has been launched (launch) in our school recently. 3．These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed (disappoint)，but the desire to explore (explore) the universe never died. 4．As the train was pulling out，the boy waved his hands to his parents on board，with tears rolling down his cheeks. 5．He imagined all sorts of exciting things about living independently(independent) and teaching in a village.(读后续写之心理描写) 6．She was the first woman astronaut to give (give) a video lecture in space while orbiting in the capsule. 7．Determined (determine) to give his mother a surprise，Tom arrived home ahead of time. 8．Although she had some health problems，she carried on working (work) hard late into the night. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．Encouraged by what the teacher said，the boy returned to his seat，determined to study harder． 受到老师话语的鼓舞，那个男孩回到了座位上，决心更加努力学习。 2．Our teacher demands that we should exercise for an hour every day so as to/in order to keep healthy． 我们的老师要求我们每天锻炼一个小时，以便保持健康。 3．I have a good command of English and am easy to get along with.That's why I'm writing to apply for the job. 我精通英语，而且容易相处。那就是我写信申请这份工作的原因。 4．Only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful． 只有用这种方式他们才能独立成长、真正成功。 5．As a result，I am writing the letter in the hope of offering you some practical tips． 因此，我写信希望给你一些实用的建议。 6．In the China­Ireland Cultural Festival，I have not only broadened my horizons but also appreciated the two splendid civilizations. 在中国—爱尔兰文化节，我不仅扩大了视野，而且还欣赏了两种灿烂的文明。 Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Mankind is exploring space in the hope of 1.finding (find) out more about the universe.China's space programme started 2.later(late) than those of Russia and the US，3.but it has made great progress in a short time.China became the third country in the world to independently send 4.humans (human) into space in 2003，5.when Yang Liwei 6.successfully(successful) orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk，7.followed(follow) by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. On 23 July 2020，China sent Tianwen 1 8.to explore(explore) the surface of Mars.From 2021 9.to 2022，China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own space station.In 2022，the launch of the Mengtian module 10.signaled (signal) the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A From a very young age，my fascination with space was excited by my dad，an amateur(业余的) astronomer.I remember being woken up in the middle of the night and taken to the yard to look at the Moon and Jupiter through his telescope.My childhood was filled with a love for space，and my parents wholeheartedly encouraged my growing interest in space science. I first saw meteorites(陨石) at the Geological Museum in London.My mother often took me to the museum after school.The moment that left a lasting mark on me was in a small，dark corner where giant meteorites stood.At first，I thought they were models due to their size，but they were real rocks from outer space，awakening a lifelong fascination. In my early 30s，I decided it was time to realize my dream of having a meteorite.I walked into the desert(沙漠) and to my surprise，I found a meteorite on my first journey.Then I met Steve Arnold，my future co­host on “Meteorite Men”．Steve，already an experienced meteorite hunter，contacted me after a global online search for individuals interested in meteorites.We formed a partnership，carrying on many explorations across the United States，Europe，and even Siberia in search of meteorites. In 1997，Steve and I were approached by a California production company.They helped us produce “Meteorite Men”，a show that showcased our adventures looking for these treasures.“Meteorite Men”soon became a global phenomenon，reaching millions of viewers and inspiring new meteorite discoveries. As a meteorite lover，my journey continues.While there are places I dream of exploring，such as Antarctica and Greenland，constraints(限制) like expense and danger sometimes limit the realization of these dreams.However，my dedication(献身)to the world of meteorites remains unchanged. [语篇解读]　记叙文。作者讲述了自己与陨石之间的故事。 1．Which of the following best describes the author's parents? A．Traditional. B．Strict. C．Knowledgeable. D．Supportive. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“my fascination with space was excited by my dad” “my parents wholeheartedly...space science”和第二段中的“My mother often took me to the museum after school.”可知，作者的父母非常支持作者对太空的爱好，因此Supportive(支持的；鼓励的)最能形容作者的父母。故选D。 2．In what way was the Geological Museum important to the author? A．It influenced his school choice. B．It changed his attitude toward life. C．It excited his interest in meteorites. D．It brought back his happy moments with his mother. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I first saw meteorites at the Geological Museum in London.”和“The moment that left a lasting mark on me was in a small，dark corner where giant meteorites stood.”以及“awakening a lifelong fascination”可知，作者在Geological Museum第一次看到陨石，从此与陨石结下不解之缘。故选C。 3．How did the California company help the author? A．By assisting in the creation of his show. B．By donating exploration equipment. C．By funding his desert adventures. D．By inviting him to Greenland. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They helped us produce ‘Meteorite Men’，a show that showcased our adventures looking for these treasures.”可知，这家公司帮助作者制作了“Meteorite Men”节目。故选A。 4．In writing the text，the author intends to . A．introduce the popular “Meteorite Men” B．express his lifelong love for meteorites C．thank his parents for their upbringing D．remember a like­minded good friend 解析　B　写作意图题。阅读全文可知，受父亲的影响，作者童年时期对太空非常着迷，在博物馆的参观进一步激发了他对陨石的兴趣。之后他走进沙漠，开启了寻找陨石的探险之路。后来，作者结识了Steve Arnold，两人合作在全球范围内寻找陨石。为了分享对陨石的热爱、记录寻找陨石之旅，在一家公司的帮助下，作者和Steve制作了“Meteorite Men”节目，引发全球轰动。由此可知，作者通过这篇文章表达了自己对陨石的终生热爱。故选B。 B For any astronaut hoping to survive on the surface of the moon，growing crops will be essential.Now，scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface，after showing it's possible to grow thale cress，a small flowering plant，in lunar soil. The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions，and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement.“For future，longer space missions，we may use the moon as a launching platform，” explained Professor Rob Ferl.“It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that's already there to grow plants.” Until now，scientists have not grown plants in the soil.“So，what happens when you grow plants in lunar soil? What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse? Could we have lunar farmers？” Professor Ferl questioned. To answer these questions，researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in lunar soil，add water，nutrients，and light，and see what happened.The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code has already been fully mapped. For comparison，the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils，including those that simulate Martian soils.To their delight，the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew.However，they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grown in the control soils.Some of the plants grown in the lunar soils were smaller，while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size. Growing plants in lunar soils may also change the moon itself，according to Dr.Stephen Elardo.“The moon is a very，very dry place，” he said.How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them，with the added water and nutrients? Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants? The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow­up studies. [语篇解读]　说明文 。文章介绍了科学家在月球土壤中种植植物的研究过程。 5．What's the second paragraph mainly about? A．The significance of the findings. B．The plants grown in the lunar soil. C．The missions of future space exploration. D．The hope for setting up a lunar settlement. 解析　A　标题归纳题。根据第二段“The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions，and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement.”可知，本段主要介绍这项研究结果的意义。故选A。 6．Why did researchers use thale cress in the experiment? A．Its genes are suitable for lunar soil. B．It has a long evolutionary history. C．It has been tested with lunar soil before. D．People have a good knowledge of its genes. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code has already been fully mapped.”可知，研究人员之所以选择沟谷荠，是因为人们对它的基因很了解。故选D。 7．What did researchers find about the plants grown in lunar soil? A．They absorbed few nutrients. B．They didn't grow well enough. C．They grew slowly in the dark. D．They needed more water to grow bigger. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第四段“Some of the plants grown in the lunar soils were smaller，while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size.”可知，研究人员发现月球土壤中生长的植物长得不够好。故选B。 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Scientists Grow Plants in Lunar Soil B．Scientists Conduct a Study on Lunar Soil C．Scientists Prepare for Farming on the Moon D．Scientists Hope to Collect More Lunar Soil 解析　A　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now，scientists have taken ‘one small step’ towards growing plants on the lunar surface，after showing it's possible to grow thale cress，a small flowering plant，in lunar soil.”可知，纵观全文，本文主要讲述了科学家在月球土壤中种植沟谷荠的研究过程。所以短文的标题为“科学家在月球土壤中种植植物”。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 75 years after humans successfully put their first object into space，it's much easier to launch a satellite，but a lot messier once we're up there. 1 There are around 5，000 satellites in orbit with fewer than half actually working.When a satellite stops functioning，it keeps orbiting at very high speeds，making a great threat for the useful ones. 2 Scientists are struggling for strategies to tackle the problem.One suggested solution is to refuel the dead satellites and bring them back to life.Another concept is to use a robot with four arms to catch a dead satellite before pulling it into the atmosphere to burn it up. This is hard both technically and politically，though. 3 And the world hasn't yet reached a consensus (共识) on why we should clear the space junk and there are no real rules that govern how we work out there. First why should we keep things clean in orbit? We use satellites to check the weather，find our way around，and for financial purposes.Space data gives us not just beautiful pictures of the earth，but also information about climate change，natural disasters and other things that can help humans with earthbound challenges. 4 Then how can we humans think as one big community? Governments should make powerful regulations.Companies ought to engage in shared practices and scientists are expected to think up practical methods. 5 Only in this way can we keep those orbital highways open for the next generation and beyond before they are deadly blocked by space junk. A．They provide services closely related to our life. B．So space sustainability has become a big concern. C．Space is getting increasingly crowded and dangerous. D．Operating a robot from hundreds of miles away is tough. E．Anyway，we should quicken the pace of clearing up. F．So we depend largely on space and it needs to be tidied up. G．All of these have been integrated into the solutions we really need. [语篇解读]　说明文。文章主要介绍了随着太空技术的不断发展，太空垃圾问题日益严重，以及针对这一问题，人们正在探讨和采取的应对措施。 1．解析　C　根据上文“75 years after humans successfully put their first object into space，it's much easier to launch a satellite，but a lot messier once we're up there.”以及下文“There are around 5，000 satellites in orbit with fewer than half actually working.When a satellite stops functioning，it keeps orbiting at very high speeds，making a great threat for the useful ones.”可知，空处指的是太空中的混乱情况。选项C与上下文语境相符，其中“dangerous”与下文“a great threat”对应。故选C。 2．解析　B　根据下文“Scientists are struggling for strategies to tackle the problem.One suggested solution is to refuel the dead satellites and bring them back to life.Another concept is to use a robot with four arms to catch a dead satellite before pulling it into the atmosphere to burn it up.”可推测，空处提及的是一个有待解决的问题。选项B提出，太空可持续性已成为一个重大问题，引出下文，符合语境，其中“a big concern”与下文“the problem”相呼应。故选B。 3．解析　D　根据上文“This is hard both technically and politically，though.”可知，用机器人抓住失效的卫星并将其拖入大气层烧毁一事很困难。空处应继续解释为什么这些解决方案实施起来困难重重，选项D自然延续上文内容，解释了为什么这些解决方案实施起来非常困难，符合语境。故选D。 4．解析　F　根据上文“Space data gives us not just beautiful pictures of the earth，but also information about climate change，natural disasters and other things that can help humans with earthbound challenges.”可知，太空数据提供了很多信息，本段主要介绍太空数据对我们的用处。选项F符合语境，其中“we depend largely on space”有承上作用，“it needs to be tidied up”有启下作用，并呼应段首“First why should we keep things clean in orbit？”。故选F。 5．解析　G　根据上文“Then how can we humans think as one big community? Governments should make powerful regulations.Companies ought to engage in shared practices and scientists are expected to think up practical methods.”可知，本段主要从几方面介绍人类应该怎样做来清理太空垃圾。选项G符合语境，其中“All of these”与上文的几方面措施对应。故选G。 Ⅲ.完形填空 Salman Nawaz Dhair，an experienced engineer at Larsen and Toubro，quit his job to become an ordinary taxi driver for people in emergencies.He proudly claims that over 500 people have 1 his taxi in their times of need，and he says his 65，000­rupee job could never offer him this level of 2 ． One night，his wife 3 pregnancy failure but no taxi stopped for them.That 4 drove him to start driving a taxi，free of 5 for anyone who needs to get to the hospital.His passion was further 6 by what happened a few months ago.Around 2 in the morning，he saw two men standing by the roadside, 7 in need of a taxi.He 8 and realized they had a woman with them who had 75% burns.He gave them a blanket to 9 her，and drove as fast as he could to the nearest hospital.For the next few days，he kept checking to see if she had 10 — and fortunately，she did.Now they are friends，and she still expresses her 11 to him for that early morning. Now aged 74，he speaks 11 languages and is 12 as an advanced engineer.But the highlight of his life is that until today he has transported more than 500 13 cases to the hospital and tried his best to give each one a 14 to survive.“For that，if I am forever called an 15 taxi driver — I gladly accept.” He said. [语篇解读]　记叙文。主要介绍了Salman Nawaz Dhair是一名经验丰富的工程师，他辞去工作，转而做一名普通的出租车司机，为有紧急情况的人提供帮助。 1．A.driven B．ridden C．needed D．entered 解析　B　根据上文中的“become an ordinary taxi driver for people in emergencies”和空后的“his taxi in their times of need”可知，他是一名出租车司机，那些有需要的人乘坐他的出租车。故选B。 2．A.satisfaction B．inspiration C．obligation D．relaxation 解析　A　根据句中的“proudly”和空前的“his 65，000­rupee job could never offer him this level of”可知，他为出租车司机这份工作感到自豪，认为之前6.5万卢比的工作带不来现在所享有的满足感。故选A。 3．A.discovered B．prevented C．suffered D．witnessed 解析　C　根据空后的“pregnancy failure”可知，他的妻子遭受了妊娠失败这种紧急事件。故选C。 4．A.affair B．pressure C．mistake D．misfortune 解析　D　根据上文中的“his wife 3 pregnancy failure but no taxi stopped for them”可知，他的妻子妊娠失败，但没有出租车愿意送他们到医院救治，这是一件不幸的事件。故选D。 5．A.ticket B．charge C．debt D．tax 解析　B　根据空前的“free of”和空后的“for anyone who needs to get to the hospital”可知，他对那些需要紧急前往医院的人免出租车费用。故选B。 6．A.pursued B．recognized C．strengthened D．monitored 解析　C　根据空前的“His passion was further”和空后的“by what happened a few months ago”并结合下文他及时送一名烧伤女士去医院的事情可知，几个月前发生的那件事情进一步增强了他开出租车的热情。故选C。 7．A.calmly B．badly C．hardly D．usually 解析　B　根据下文中的“they had a woman with them who had 75% burns”可知，他们带了一名烧伤的女士，所以他们急需一辆出租车去医院。故选B。 8．A.pulled up B．stood up C．cheered up D．dressed up 解析　A　根据下文中的“He gave them a blanket”可知，他停车了。故选A。 9．A.assist B．cover C．hide D．comfort 解析　B　根据空前的“He gave them a blanket”可知，他给他们一条毯子，把这位女士盖住。故选B。 10．A.responded B．rested C．breathed D．survived 解析　D　根据下文中的“give each one a 14 to survive”可知，此处为原词复现，指的是他去看她是否活了下来。故选D。 11．A.support B．affection C．gratitude D．trust 解析　C　根据空前的“expresses her”并结合上文他开车送她去医院可知，她对他的行为表示感激。故选C。 12．A.successful B．responsible C．generous D．creative 解析　A　根据第一段中的“Salman Nawaz Dhair，an experienced engineer”可知，他曾是一名成功的高级工程师。故选A。 13．A.health B．disaster C．emergency D．injury 解析　C　根据第一段中的“become an ordinary taxi driver for people in emergencies”可知，这里是原词复现，指的是急诊病例。故选C。 14．A.purpose B．reason C．choice D．chance 解析　D　根据空前的“tried his best to give each one a”和空后的“to survive”可知，他尽全力让那些遭受紧急情况的人有机会活下来。故选D。 15．A.intelligent B．outgoing C．interesting D．ordinary 解析　D　根据第一段中的“become an ordinary taxi driver for people in emergencies”可知，此处是原词复现，假如他能够让那些遭遇紧急情况的人及时获得救治，即便自己被人叫作一名普通的出租车司机，自己也甘之如饴。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $