专题02 八上易错点、课文填空、非谓语动词-八年级英语新教材外研版

专题02 八上易错点、课文填空、非谓语动词 一．八上易错点 1..辨析：among 与 between （1）among 在（三者或三者以上）之中 其后通常是一个表示复数或群体意义的名词或代词。 Tina is standing her family members. 蒂娜正站在她的家人之中。 （2）between 在（两者）之间 其后通常是表示两者的名词或代词，或者是由 and 连接的两个人或物。 Tina is standing her father and mother. 蒂娜正站在爸爸妈妈之间。 2.辨析：happen 与 take place （1）happen 发生；碰巧 一般用于偶然或突发性事件 How did the accident ? 事故是怎么发生的？ （2）take place 发生；出现；举行 一般指有计划、有预谋地"发生" The May Fourth Movement in 1919. 1919 年发生了五四运动。 The celebration ceremony in July every year. 庆祝典礼在每年七月举行。 3.辨析：exciting 与 excited （1）exciting 令人兴奋的，使人激动的 常说明事物的特征或性质 The story is . 这个故事令人兴奋。 （2）excited 兴奋的，激动的 常说明人的感受 Sarah was to see the scientist. 看到这位科学家，萨拉很激动。 4.make的用法 （1）make sb do sth 让某人做某事 make 后接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 His father always him get up before six o'clock.他爸爸总是让他在六点钟之前起床。 （2）make sb/sth + 形容词 让某人/某物…… 该结构中的形容词作宾语补足语。 You should your parents happy.你应该让你父母开心。 （3） make sb+ 名词 让某人成为…… 该结构中的名词作宾语补足语。 They made Jack their team .他们选杰克为他们的队长。 5.辨析: receive 与 accept 两者都可用作及物动词，都会有"收到"之意，但用法不同。 receive 收到，强调客观上收到但不一定愿意接受 accept 接受，强调主观上愿意接受 The man a letter just now.刚才这位男士收到了一封信。 Will you the invitation to his birthday party?你将接受他的生日聚会邀请吗？ 6.either...or...要么……要么……；或者……或者…… 用来连接两个独立的单词、短语或句子。此处 either 用作连词，意为"或者"。 He does his homework in the library at home.他要么在图书馆做作业，要么在家里做作业。 You can choose the red one the blue one.你可以选择红色的那个或者蓝色的那个。 注意 either...or...连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们常说的"就近原则"。 Either you or I going there tomorrow.明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。 Either you or he to clean the classroom today.要么是你，要么是他今天得打扫教室。 7.辨析: another, other, others, the other 与 the others another 是指三个或三个以上同类事物中的"另一个"，可接数词修饰单数可数名词 other 作形容词或代词，泛指"别的"；其他的"作代词"泛指"其他的人或物" others 作代词，泛指"其他的人或物" the other 作代词，特指"另一个"。one...the other 意为"一个……另一个……"；the other 之后也可接数词或复数名词，特指"其他的" the others 作代词，特指"其他的人或物" I don't like this one. Please show me . 我不喜欢这个，请给我看看别的。 We learn Chinese,maths, English and subjects. 我们学习语文、数学、英语和其他科目。 Some animals sleep in water. dig holes under the ground. 一些动物睡在水里。其他的一些则在地下挖洞。 He has two brothers.One is a teacher, and is a doctor. 他有两个哥哥，一个是教师，另一个是医生。 You two stay here,and go with me. 你们两个留在这里，其余的人跟我走。 8.hundred的用法 （1） hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百万），billion（十亿）等数词，前面有具体数字时，表示确切数目，其后不加-s，也不和 of 连用。 three hundred 三百 five thousand 五千 （2）hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of 表示"数百/千/百万/十亿……"，它们表示一个不确定的数目，前面没有具体数字，这时 hundred,thousand, million 和 billion 后要加-s，而且与 of 连用。 hundreds of students 数百名学生 thousands of workers 数千名工人 9.辨析：win 与 beat 二者均可用作及物动词，用法区别如下： win 获胜；赢得 (宾语是比赛、奖品等) beat 打败；战胜 (宾语是人或队、组等) We the basketball game. 我们赢得了篮球比赛。 We the team from No. 1 Middle School. 我们打败了第一中学代表队。 助记 beat “打败”对手；win “赢得”比赛。 10.解析：however 与 but 二者均可表示“但是”，但用法不同。 however (副词) 可置于句首、句中或句末，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。 but (连词) 连接两个并列分句，直接引出分句，其后一般不用逗号。 Some people are very shy in public. , others aren't. 一些人在公共场合很害羞。然而，其他人不这样。 I called you, you did not answer. 我给你打电话，但是你没接。 二．课文填空 （1） Unit3 The power of curiosity (压缩版） testing，inventions，electricity，curiosity，influence，research，lightning，drives，influence，pioneer，despite， exploration，failure，future，scientist Albert Einstein said the greatest 1 would be impossible without 2 —it is the key to new discoveries. Benjamin Franklin had a deep curiosity about 3 . He did lots of 4 and flew a kite in a storm, which led him to 5 the lightning rod to protect buildings from 6 . Wan Hu, a 7 of space 8 in the Ming Dynasty, was curious about space and invented a "flying chair". He lost his life while 9 it. 10 this 11 , his curiosity gave future explorers ideas. Zhang Heng, a Chinese 12 and inventor, was curious about the world. He studied the sky and earth, then invented the first earthquake detector. His curiosity still 13 scientists today. Curiosity 14 people to explore and discover—it opens doors to a new world! （2） Unit4 Digital shock (压缩版） a great deal of，carry，payment，century，forever，convenient，digital，cash，smartphone，except for，oven， wallet，order I studied in China for a year and came back to the UK for Christmas. Three days felt like a 1 —I met my family, but faced lots of 2 problems here. I wanted to buy food and rode a shared bike, but it took 3 to find one. The 20-minute ride cost me 4 money! In the shop, I tried to pay with my 5 and digital 6 , but the 7 system didn’t work. The shopkeeper asked for 8 , but I didn’t 9 my wallet—I had to go home to get it. Back home, I was tired, so I 10 food through an app. The delivery was slow, and the food was cold when it arrived. I had to heat it in the 11 one by one. 12 this day, my holiday was great. I’m looking forward to going back to China, where technology makes life much more 13 ! 语法精讲 非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式，在句子中不能单独作谓语。 包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(-ing,-ed)三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。 动词不定式 形式：动词不定式基本形式由“to do”构成。它的否定形式“not to do”。有时可以省略to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义。help sb.(to) do sth. make sb. do sth. 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy for us to speak English.讲英语对我们来说不容易。 不定式作主语时,常常可用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面 表语 My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。 多数情况下,不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责”等 宾语 I wish to speak to the manager. 我想跟经理说话。 只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语 宾补 She asked me not to speak Chinese in class.她让我在课上不要讲汉语。 在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to 定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗? 不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面 状语 I’m sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。 I went to the library to study English.(表目的) 我去图书馆学英语了。 不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致 1.不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,常用结构为:It+be+adj.(+for/of sb.)+动词不定式。如: To learn English well is useful.→It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。如: It’s very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。 It’s very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦。 2.不定式作宾语 ①一些谓语动词后能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:would like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如: Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看电影吗? ②在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。如: I find it easy to read English every day. 3.不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如: Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西让他关小收音机。 tell,ask,want,allow,get,would like,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如: My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 注意:还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补。这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice)。但变被动语态时,必须加上to。如: My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 4.不定式作定语 ①不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系或主谓关系。 ②如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如: There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。 5.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,构成“疑问句+不定式”结构,在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 如The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉同学们做什么。 He didn’t know where to go.他不知道去哪里。(where to go = where he should go) 6.常见的一些后跟不带to的动词不定式结构: Why not do...,Why don’t you do...,had better do...,would rather do,could/would/will you please do... I would rather stay at home.我宁愿待在家里。 随堂训练 一．单项选择 1．（24-25八年级上·四川泸州·期末）My mom wants me ________ some milk every day. It is good for my health. A．drink B．to drink C．drinking D．drinks 2．（24-25八年级上·四川广元·期末）—What do you think of the math problem? —It is so difficult. I really don’t know ________. A．how to do it B．what to do it C．how to do D．what do it 3．（24-25八年级上·四川广元·期末）It is necessary ________ to our parents when we have problems. A．talks B．talking C．talk D．to talk 4．（24-25八年级上·西藏林芝·期末）Try to sing more English songs, and you will find ________ interesting ________ a foreign language. A．it, learning B．that, learn C．it, learn D．it, to learn 5．（25-26八年级上·西藏日喀则·期末）Our English teacher always encourages us ________ English in public. A．speak B．speaks C．to speak D．will speak 6．（25-26八年级上·西藏日喀则·期末）I think it’s important ________ healthy. A．keep B．keeping C．to keep D．keeps 7．（25-26七年级上·安徽·期末）—Do you want ________ shopping with me? —Yes. Let’s go. A．go B．to go C．goes D．going 8．（25-26八年级上·江苏南京·期末）My sister hopes __________ a famous singer one day. A．become B．becomes C．becoming D．to become 9．（24-25八年级上·安徽安庆·期末）There is no difference between the two sweaters, so I really don’t know ________. A．which one to choose B．which choose one C．which to choose one D．to choose which one 10．（24-25八年级上·山东滨州·期末）Different club activities at school can offer students fun. Among the clubs, many students like to join the nature club because they can learn _______ plants in the right place. A．what to plant B．which to plant C．how to plant D．when to plant 二．用所给词的适当形式填空 1.I hope　 　 (find)a good job in a foreign company after I graduate from high school.  2.He found it hard　　 　　 (catch up with)his classmates.  3.Father asks me　　 　　 (not play)computer games before finishing my homework.  4.All the children like Mr. White very much because he often makes them　　 　　 (laugh).  5.Let him　　 　　 (have)a rest.I think he must be tired after the long walk.  6.We have two rooms　　 　　 (live)in,but I can’t decide which one　　 　　 (choose).  7..I prefer　　 　　 TV rather than　　 　　 a book. 我宁愿看电视也不愿意读书。 动名词 动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。 动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被状语修饰；它也有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。 功能 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃太多对你的健康有害。 有时可用it作形式主语 宾 语 动词 宾语 I like playing basketball very much. 我非常喜欢打篮球。 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为 介词 宾语 Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是被用来寄信的。 / 表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby. 他的爱好是集邮。 多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换成作主语 定语 She is in the reading room. 她在阅览室里。 We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,置于所修饰词之前 注意:英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的有:finish,enjoy,mind,miss,be worth,be busy,practice,have fun,have trouble/problems(in),spend...(in)...,feel like,be used to 等。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词: 完成实践值得忙(finish,practice,be worth,be busy) 继续习惯别放弃(keep on,be used to,give up) 考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can’t help,feel like) 喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind) 1.动词后接不定式和动名词的区别 (1) Stop talking,please.请不要说话。 Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来想一会儿。 (2) I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。 Please remember to post my letter.请记得把我的信寄走。 (3) I forgot to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了。 I forgot bringing my homework.我忘记已把作业带来了。 (4) He tried speaking English to us.他试着用英语和我们谈话。 Please try to do better next time.下次设法做得更好些。 (5) Go on to do the other exercises after you finish this one.做完这个练习题后,接着做其他的。 Go on doing the exercises after a short rest.短暂休息之后,继续做这些练习。 (6) I regret to do this,but I have no choice.我很遗憾要这样做,但我没有办法。 I don’t regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔告诉她我的想法。 (7) I meant to go,but my father would not allow me to.我想去,但我父亲不肯让我去。 Doing that means wasting time.那样做意味着浪费时间。 2.need,require,want 后跟不定式和动名词的区别 当need,require,want作“需要”解时,后加动名词主动式等于加不定式的被动式。如: The window needs cleaning.=The window needs to be cleaned.那个窗户需要(被)擦了。 常见使用不定式的句型 (1)It’s time to do sth.=It’s time for sth.是该做……的时候了。 It’s time to go to bed.=It’s time for bed.到睡觉的时间了。 (2)There is no time left(for sb.)to do sth.(对某人来说)没有时间做某事了。 There is no time left for me to think more about it.我没有时间再考虑这件事了。 (3)It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.某人花费时间做某事。 It takes me half an hour to read English every day.我每天花半个小时读英语。 (4)be+形容词+enough to do sth.足够……做某事。 The child is old enough to dress himself.这小孩够大了,能自己穿衣服了。 (5)be+too+形容词+to do sth.太……而不能做某事。 The man was too excited to speak.那个人激动得说不出话来。 (6)be ready to do sth.准备做某事。 He is ready to go shopping.他准备去购物。 (7)prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做A也不做B。 He preferred to go to work on foot rather than take a bus.他宁愿步行去上班也不愿乘公交车。 注意:含有介词to的固定短语 在初中阶段的英语学习中,学生常常会遇到含有介词的短语,而其中有些短语中所含的介词为to,它后面需要接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式,学生们很容易将这种情况与不定式符号to后接动词原形混淆。 (1)devote oneself to 献身/致力于…… He has devoted himself to helping disabled people.他致力于帮助残疾人。 (2)look forward to期盼,盼望 We are so much looking forward to seeing you again.我们非常盼望再见到你。 (3)be used to...习惯……;适应…… She is quite used to working hard.她很习惯努力工作。 随堂训练 一．单项选择 1．（25-26八年级上·云南·期末）They are looking forward to ________ the Mogao Caves. A．visit B．visits C．visited D．visiting 2．（24-25八年级上·河北衡水·期末）My father likes news on TV after dinner. A．watching B．seeing C．looking D．reading 3．（25-26九年级上·江苏镇江·期中）To stay healthy, the young lady pays more attention to ________ her body. A．shape B．shapes C．shaping D．to shape 4．（24-25八年级上·安徽六安·期末）—Would you like ________ swimming with me this afternoon? —Sorry, it’s too hot. I feel like ________ a cartoon on TV at home. A．going; watching B．to go; watch C．going; to watch D．to go; watching 5．（24-25九年级上·安徽安庆·期中）They were wondering where ________ the office party and I suggested ________ to the Chinese restaurant near the station. A．to hold; going B．holds; to go C．to hold; to go D．holding; going 6．（23-24八年级下·云南丽江·期末）—What do you think of the movie last night? —Wonderful. It’s worth ________ again. A．watch B．to watch C．watched D．watching 7．（24-25七年级上·湖北黄石·期中）—Eddie, it’s time _____ homework, you shouldn’t spend your time _____ TV! —OK, mom! A．do, watch B．to do, watched C．doing, to watch D．to do, watching 8．（24-25八年级下·上海杨浦·期末）Our monitor suggested ________ to the museum this weekend to learn more about history. A．go B．to go C．going D．to going 9．（24-25八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）Jerry used to ______ at home when he was free, but now he gets used to ______ out to play with his friends. A．stay; going B．staying; go C．stay; go D．staying; going 10．（24-25八年级下·广东汕头·期末）We have problems ________ speaking English. A．practiced B．practicing C．to practice D．practice 二．填空 1．（24-25八年级上·云南文山·期末）All Chinese people look forward to Tian’anmen Square. (visit) 2．（24-25八年级上·新疆乌鲁木齐·期末）On weekends, I enjoy (hang) out with my friends at the park in the nice weather. 3．（24-25八年级上·四川达州·期末）In The Volunteers: To the War II, all the national heroes feel like (win) the final victory. 4．（25-26八年级上·西藏日喀则·期末）Mike enjoys (go) fishing in the countryside. 5．（24-25八年级上·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·期末）In many countries, rubbish or leaving it behind is impolite. (drop) 6．（24-25八年级上·内蒙古呼和浩特·期末）Would you mind the windows? It’s too noisy outside. (close) 7．（24-25八年级上·内蒙古呼和浩特·期末）We should stop when we are hurt. (exercise) 8．（24-25八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）I am considering (visit) Qingdao next summer vacation. 9．（24-25八年级下·江苏南京·期末）What trouble do you have (explain) the reason to the policeman? 10．（24-25八年级下·四川达州·期末）Alice is busy (search) for comments (评论) on Nezha 2 on the Internet. 三．短文填空 （1） To be honest, no matter how old we are, most of us love it when our parents do things for us. It makes our life much more comfortable, and we have few things 1.　　　　　(worry) about.  Some parents prepare almost everything for their children since they were born. They consider their older children (and sometimes even adults)as babies! They are afraid to let them 2.　　　　　(go) anywhere or do anything by themselves. As a result, their children fail 3.　　　　　(learn) social skills, and come to depend more on their parents!  So some experts suggest that children need their own time 4.　　　　　(develop) into adults and to learn how 5.　　　　　(deal) with problems. It is not necessary for parents 6.　　　　　(care) too much about the safety of their children. Too much care breaks their fun when they are growing up.  （2） What does a successful language learner do?First, they are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way 1.　　　　　(learn) the language. Second,they are active learners. They find people who speak the language and ask these people 2.　　　　　(correct) them when they make a mistake. They are not afraid of 3.　　　　　(make) mistakes and always willing 4.　　　　　(try) again. Finally, they are learners with a purpose. They expect 5.　　　　　(communicate) with the people using the language they learn.   So, if you want to be a successful learner,you must learn independently,actively and purposefully. 四．语法填空 （22-23八年级上·浙江温州·期末）According to a report by the United Nations, the world’s population is probably going to hit 8 billion on 15 November, 2022. And it could 1 (grow) to around 8.5 billion in 2030 and 9.7 billion in 2050. More than half of the possible population increase up to 2050 will mainly be in eight 2 (country), such as Egypt, Pakistan and India. And India is probably going to become the country with the 3 (large) population in the world in 2023. There is something further in the report. It 4 (take) the world’s population 12 years to grow from 7 to 8 billion in the past, 5 it will only take about 15 years to hit 9 billion in the near future. That means the world’s population is growing 6 (slow) than before. The UN Secretary General, António Guterres, talked about 7 serious problem. The world has grown richer but the differences 8 the rich and the poor have grown as well. A great number of people still don’t get enough food 9 (eat). There are also a lot of people in the world leaving 10 (they) homes for many causes. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 八上易错点、课文填空、非谓语动词 一．八上易错点 1..辨析：among 与 between （1）among 在（三者或三者以上）之中 其后通常是一个表示复数或群体意义的名词或代词。 Tina is standing among her family members. 蒂娜正站在她的家人之中。 （2）between 在（两者）之间 其后通常是表示两者的名词或代词，或者是由 and 连接的两个人或物。 Tina is standing between her father and mother. 蒂娜正站在爸爸妈妈之间。 2.辨析：happen 与 take place （1）happen 发生；碰巧 一般用于偶然或突发性事件 How did the accident happen? 事故是怎么发生的？ （2）take place 发生；出现；举行 一般指有计划、有预谋地"发生" The May Fourth Movement took place in 1919. 1919 年发生了五四运动。 The celebration ceremony takes place in July every year. 庆祝典礼在每年七月举行。 3.辨析：exciting 与 excited （1）exciting 令人兴奋的，使人激动的 常说明事物的特征或性质 The story is exciting. 这个故事令人兴奋。 （2）excited 兴奋的，激动的 常说明人的感受 Sarah was excited to see the scientist. 看到这位科学家，萨拉很激动。 4.make的用法 （1）make sb do sth 让某人做某事 make 后接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 His father always makes him get up before six o'clock.他爸爸总是让他在六点钟之前起床。 （2）make sb/sth + 形容词 让某人/某物…… 该结构中的形容词作宾语补足语。 You should make your parents happy.你应该让你父母开心。 （3） make sb+ 名词 让某人成为…… 该结构中的名词作宾语补足语。 They made Jack their team leader.他们选杰克为他们的队长。 5.辨析: receive 与 accept 两者都可用作及物动词，都会有"收到"之意，但用法不同。 receive 收到，强调客观上收到但不一定愿意接受 accept 接受，强调主观上愿意接受 The man received a letter just now.刚才这位男士收到了一封信。 Will you accept the invitation to his birthday party?你将接受他的生日聚会邀请吗？ 6.either...or...要么……要么……；或者……或者…… 用来连接两个独立的单词、短语或句子。此处 either 用作连词，意为"或者"。 He does his homework either in the library or at home.他要么在图书馆做作业，要么在家里做作业。 You can choose either the red one or the blue one.你可以选择红色的那个或者蓝色的那个。 注意 either...or...连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们常说的"就近原则"。 Either you or I am going there tomorrow.明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。 Either you or he has to clean the classroom today.要么是你，要么是他今天得打扫教室。 7.辨析: another, other, others, the other 与 the others another 是指三个或三个以上同类事物中的"另一个"，可接数词修饰单数可数名词 other 作形容词或代词，泛指"别的"；其他的"作代词"泛指"其他的人或物" others 作代词，泛指"其他的人或物" the other 作代词，特指"另一个"。one...the other 意为"一个……另一个……"；the other 之后也可接数词或复数名词，特指"其他的" the others 作代词，特指"其他的人或物" I don't like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这个，请给我看看别的。 We learn Chinese,maths, English and other subjects. 我们学习语文、数学、英语和其他科目。 Some animals sleep in water.Others dig holes under the ground. 一些动物睡在水里。其他的一些则在地下挖洞。 He has two brothers.One is a teacher, and the other is a doctor. 他有两个哥哥，一个是教师，另一个是医生。 You two stay here,and the others go with me. 你们两个留在这里，其余的人跟我走。 8.hundred的用法 （1） hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百万），billion（十亿）等数词，前面有具体数字时，表示确切数目，其后不加-s，也不和 of 连用。 three hundred 三百 five thousand 五千 （2）hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of 表示"数百/千/百万/十亿……"，它们表示一个不确定的数目，前面没有具体数字，这时 hundred,thousand, million 和 billion 后要加-s，而且与 of 连用。 hundreds of students 数百名学生 thousands of workers 数千名工人 9.辨析：win 与 beat 二者均可用作及物动词，用法区别如下： win 获胜；赢得 (宾语是比赛、奖品等) beat 打败；战胜 (宾语是人或队、组等) We won the basketball game. 我们赢得了篮球比赛。 We beat the team from No. 1 Middle School. 我们打败了第一中学代表队。 助记 beat “打败”对手；win “赢得”比赛。 10.解析：however 与 but 二者均可表示“但是”，但用法不同。 however (副词) 可置于句首、句中或句末，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。 but (连词) 连接两个并列分句，直接引出分句，其后一般不用逗号。 Some people are very shy in public. However, others aren't. 一些人在公共场合很害羞。然而，其他人不这样。 I called you, but you did not answer. 我给你打电话，但是你没接。 二．课文填空 （1） Unit3 The power of curiosity (压缩版） testing，inventions，electricity，curiosity，influence，research，lightning，drives，influence，pioneer，despite， exploration，failure，future，scientist Albert Einstein said the greatest 1 would be impossible without 2 —it is the key to new discoveries. Benjamin Franklin had a deep curiosity about 3 . He did lots of 4 and flew a kite in a storm, which led him to 5 the lightning rod to protect buildings from 6 . Wan Hu, a 7 of space 8 in the Ming Dynasty, was curious about space and invented a "flying chair". He lost his life while 9 it. 10 this 11 , his curiosity gave future explorers ideas. Zhang Heng, a Chinese 12 and inventor, was curious about the world. He studied the sky and earth, then invented the first earthquake detector. His curiosity still 13 scientists today. Curiosity 14 people to explore and discover—it opens doors to a new world! 【答案】1.inventions 2.curiosity 3.electricity 4.research 5.invent 6.lightning 7.pioneer 8.exploration 9.testing 10.Despite 11.failure 12.scientist 13.influenced 14.drives （2） Unit4 Digital shock (压缩版） a great deal of，carry，payment，century，forever，convenient，digital，cash，smartphone，except for，oven， wallet，order I studied in China for a year and came back to the UK for Christmas. Three days felt like a 1 —I met my family, but faced lots of 2 problems here. I wanted to buy food and rode a shared bike, but it took 3 to find one. The 20-minute ride cost me 4 money! In the shop, I tried to pay with my 5 and digital 6 , but the 7 system didn’t work. The shopkeeper asked for 8 , but I didn’t 9 my wallet—I had to go home to get it. Back home, I was tired, so I 10 food through an app. The delivery was slow, and the food was cold when it arrived. I had to heat it in the 11 one by one. 12 this day, my holiday was great. I’m looking forward to going back to China, where technology makes life much more 13 ! 【答案】1.century 2.digital 3.forever 4. a great deal of 5.smartphone 6.wallet 7.payment 8.cash 9.carry 10.ordered 11.oven 12.Except for 13.convenient 语法精讲 非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式，在句子中不能单独作谓语。 包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(-ing,-ed)三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。 动词不定式 形式：动词不定式基本形式由“to do”构成。它的否定形式“not to do”。有时可以省略to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义。help sb.(to) do sth. make sb. do sth. 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy for us to speak English.讲英语对我们来说不容易。 不定式作主语时,常常可用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面 表语 My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。 多数情况下,不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责”等 宾语 I wish to speak to the manager. 我想跟经理说话。 只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语 宾补 She asked me not to speak Chinese in class.她让我在课上不要讲汉语。 在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to 定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗? 不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面 状语 I’m sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。 I went to the library to study English.(表目的) 我去图书馆学英语了。 不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致 1.不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,常用结构为:It+be+adj.(+for/of sb.)+动词不定式。如: To learn English well is useful.→It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。如: It’s very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。 It’s very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦。 2.不定式作宾语 ①一些谓语动词后能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:would like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如: Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看电影吗? ②在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。如: I find it easy to read English every day. 3.不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如: Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西让他关小收音机。 tell,ask,want,allow,get,would like,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如: My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 注意:还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补。这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice)。但变被动语态时,必须加上to。如: My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 4.不定式作定语 ①不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系或主谓关系。 ②如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如: There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。 5.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,构成“疑问句+不定式”结构,在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 如The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉同学们做什么。 He didn’t know where to go.他不知道去哪里。(where to go = where he should go) 6.常见的一些后跟不带to的动词不定式结构: Why not do...,Why don’t you do...,had better do...,would rather do,could/would/will you please do... I would rather stay at home.我宁愿待在家里。 随堂训练 一．单项选择 1．（24-25八年级上·四川泸州·期末）My mom wants me ________ some milk every day. It is good for my health. A．drink B．to drink C．drinking D．drinks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我妈妈想让我每天喝些牛奶，这对我的健康有好处。 考查非谓语动词。“want sb. to do sth.”表示“想让某人做某事”，所以此处应使用不定式形式to drink。故选B。 2．（24-25八年级上·四川广元·期末）—What do you think of the math problem? —It is so difficult. I really don’t know ________. A．how to do it B．what to do it C．how to do D．what do it 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得这个数学题怎么样？——它太难了。我真的不知道如何解决它。 考查疑问词+不定式的用法。“疑问词+不定式”作know的宾语时，需要注意疑问词的功能：how是方式副词，需与及物动词do的宾语搭配，即“how to do it（如何做这道题）”；what是代词，可直接作do的宾语，结构应为“what to do”，无需额外加it。故选A。 3．（24-25八年级上·四川广元·期末）It is necessary ________ to our parents when we have problems. A．talks B．talking C．talk D．to talk 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我们有问题时，和父母交谈是必要的。 考查动词不定式。该句式结构为“It is+形容词+to do sth.”，it是形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式，所以用to talk，故选D。 4．（24-25八年级上·西藏林芝·期末）Try to sing more English songs, and you will find ________ interesting ________ a foreign language. A．it, learning B．that, learn C．it, learn D．it, to learn 【答案】D 【详解】句意：尝试多唱英文歌，你会发现学习一门外语很有趣。 考查it固定句型。根据“and you will find…interesting…a foreign language”可知，此处是“find it+adj.+to do sth.”结构，其中it作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语，第一空使用it，第二空使用to learn。故选D。 5．（25-26八年级上·西藏日喀则·期末）Our English teacher always encourages us ________ English in public. A．speak B．speaks C．to speak D．will speak 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师总是鼓励我们在公共场合说英语。 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，所以此处应用动词不定式to speak作宾语补足语。故选C。 6．（25-26八年级上·西藏日喀则·期末）I think it’s important ________ healthy. A．keep B．keeping C．to keep D．keeps 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我认为保持健康是重要的。 考查非谓语动词。根据“it’s important...healthy”可知，此处是“it is+形容词+to do sth.”句型，意为“做某事是……的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，所以此处用动词不定式to keep。故选C。 7．（25-26七年级上·安徽·期末）—Do you want ________ shopping with me? —Yes. Let’s go. A．go B．to go C．goes D．going 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你想和我一起去购物吗？——是的，我们走吧。 考查非谓语动词。want to do sth“想要做某事”，因此空格处应填不定式作宾语。故选B。 8．（25-26八年级上·江苏南京·期末）My sister hopes __________ a famous singer one day. A．become B．becomes C．becoming D．to become 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我姐姐希望有一天成为一名著名的歌手。 考查动词不定式。动词hope后需接不定式（to do）表示“希望做某事”。故选D。 9．（24-25八年级上·安徽安庆·期末）There is no difference between the two sweaters, so I really don’t know ________. A．which one to choose B．which choose one C．which to choose one D．to choose which one 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这两件毛衣没有区别，所以我真的不知道选哪一个。 考查疑问词+不定式的结构。根据“There is no difference between the two sweaters, so I really don’t know...”可知，此处指不知道选哪一个，属于“疑问词+不定式”的固定语法结构，排除B和D；C项“which to choose one”语序错误，which to choose后不应直接加one，one放在which后，排除C。故选A。 10．（24-25八年级上·山东滨州·期末）Different club activities at school can offer students fun. Among the clubs, many students like to join the nature club because they can learn _______ plants in the right place. A．what to plant B．which to plant C．how to plant D．when to plant 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不同的学校俱乐部活动可以给学生带来乐趣。在众多俱乐部中，许多学生喜欢加入自然俱乐部，因为他们可以学习如何在正确的地方种植植物。 考查“疑问词+不定式”的用法及上下文匹配。句子结构为“learn+疑问词+to plant+plants in the right place”，其中“plants”是“plant”的宾语，因此选项需语法正确且语义通顺。选项A“what to plant”和B“which to plant”本身已隐含宾语（“what”或“which”作宾语），不能再接“plants”，会造成语法错误；选项D“when to plant”强调时间，不符合语境；选项C“how to plant”表示方式方法，可带宾语“plants”，且“如何种植”与“在正确的地方”在语境中自然搭配，指学习种植的方法和位置选择，符合自然俱乐部的活动特点。故选C。 二．用所给词的适当形式填空 1.I hope　 　 (find)a good job in a foreign company after I graduate from high school.  2.He found it hard　　 　　 (catch up with)his classmates.  3.Father asks me　　 　　 (not play)computer games before finishing my homework.  4.All the children like Mr. White very much because he often makes them　　 　　 (laugh).  5.Let him　　 　　 (have)a rest.I think he must be tired after the long walk.  6.We have two rooms　　 　　 (live)in,but I can’t decide which one　　 　　 (choose).  7..I prefer　　 　　 TV rather than　　 　　 a book. 我宁愿看电视也不愿意读书。 【答案】1.to find 2.to catch up with3.not to play4.laugh5.have6.to live，to choose7.to watch　，read 动名词 动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。 动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被状语修饰；它也有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。 功能 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃太多对你的健康有害。 有时可用it作形式主语 宾 语 动词 宾语 I like playing basketball very much. 我非常喜欢打篮球。 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为 介词 宾语 Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是被用来寄信的。 / 表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby. 他的爱好是集邮。 多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换成作主语 定语 She is in the reading room. 她在阅览室里。 We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,置于所修饰词之前 注意:英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的有:finish,enjoy,mind,miss,be worth,be busy,practice,have fun,have trouble/problems(in),spend...(in)...,feel like,be used to 等。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词: 完成实践值得忙(finish,practice,be worth,be busy) 继续习惯别放弃(keep on,be used to,give up) 考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can’t help,feel like) 喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind) 易混易错 1.动词后接不定式和动名词的区别 (1) Stop talking,please.请不要说话。 Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来想一会儿。 (2) I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。 Please remember to post my letter.请记得把我的信寄走。 (3) I forgot to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了。 I forgot bringing my homework.我忘记已把作业带来了。 (4) He tried speaking English to us.他试着用英语和我们谈话。 Please try to do better next time.下次设法做得更好些。 (5) Go on to do the other exercises after you finish this one.做完这个练习题后,接着做其他的。 Go on doing the exercises after a short rest.短暂休息之后,继续做这些练习。 (6) I regret to do this,but I have no choice.我很遗憾要这样做,但我没有办法。 I don’t regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔告诉她我的想法。 (7) I meant to go,but my father would not allow me to.我想去,但我父亲不肯让我去。 Doing that means wasting time.那样做意味着浪费时间。 2.need,require,want 后跟不定式和动名词的区别 当need,require,want作“需要”解时,后加动名词主动式等于加不定式的被动式。如: The window needs cleaning.=The window needs to be cleaned.那个窗户需要(被)擦了。 知识拓展 常见使用不定式的句型 (1)It’s time to do sth.=It’s time for sth.是该做……的时候了。 It’s time to go to bed.=It’s time for bed.到睡觉的时间了。 (2)There is no time left(for sb.)to do sth.(对某人来说)没有时间做某事了。 There is no time left for me to think more about it.我没有时间再考虑这件事了。 (3)It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.某人花费时间做某事。 It takes me half an hour to read English every day.我每天花半个小时读英语。 (4)be+形容词+enough to do sth.足够……做某事。 The child is old enough to dress himself.这小孩够大了,能自己穿衣服了。 (5)be+too+形容词+to do sth.太……而不能做某事。 The man was too excited to speak.那个人激动得说不出话来。 (6)be ready to do sth.准备做某事。 He is ready to go shopping.他准备去购物。 (7)prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做A也不做B。 He preferred to go to work on foot rather than take a bus.他宁愿步行去上班也不愿乘公交车。 注意:含有介词to的固定短语 在初中阶段的英语学习中,学生常常会遇到含有介词的短语,而其中有些短语中所含的介词为to,它后面需要接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式,学生们很容易将这种情况与不定式符号to后接动词原形混淆。 (1)devote oneself to 献身/致力于…… He has devoted himself to helping disabled people.他致力于帮助残疾人。 (2)look forward to期盼,盼望 We are so much looking forward to seeing you again.我们非常盼望再见到你。 (3)be used to...习惯……;适应…… She is quite used to working hard.她很习惯努力工作。 随堂训练 一．单项选择 1．（25-26八年级上·云南·期末）They are looking forward to ________ the Mogao Caves. A．visit B．visits C．visited D．visiting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他们期待着参观莫高窟。 考查非谓语动词。 visit访问，动词原形；visits访问，第三人称单数；visited访问，过去式或过去分词；visiting访问，动名词。其中“look forward to”意为“期待做某事”，其中的“to”是介词，后接名词或动名词，因此此处需用动名词形式visiting。故选D。 2．（24-25八年级上·河北衡水·期末）My father likes news on TV after dinner. A．watching B．seeing C．looking D．reading 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我爸爸喜欢晚饭后在电视上看新闻。 考查动词辨析。watching观看；seeing看见；looking看（强调动作）；reading 阅读。根据“news on TV”可知，此处表示观看电视节目。故选A。 3．（25-26九年级上·江苏镇江·期中）To stay healthy, the young lady pays more attention to ________ her body. A．shape B．shapes C．shaping D．to shape 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了保持健康，这位年轻女士更加注重塑造她的身体。 考查非谓语动词。shape塑造，动词原形；shapes塑造，第三人称单数；shaping塑造，动名词；to shape塑造，动词不定式。短语“pay attention to”中的to是介词，后接名词或动名词，因此空格处需用动名词形式shaping。故选C。 4．（24-25八年级上·安徽六安·期末）—Would you like ________ swimming with me this afternoon? —Sorry, it’s too hot. I feel like ________ a cartoon on TV at home. A．going; watching B．to go; watch C．going; to watch D．to go; watching 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——今天下午你愿意和我一起去游泳吗？——抱歉，天气太热了。我想在家看电视上的卡通片。 考查非谓语动词。would like to do sth表示“愿意做某事”，空一处用不定式；feel like doing sth“想要做某事”，空二处用动名词。故选D。 5．（24-25九年级上·安徽安庆·期中）They were wondering where ________ the office party and I suggested ________ to the Chinese restaurant near the station. A．to hold; going B．holds; to go C．to hold; to go D．holding; going 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他们正在琢磨在哪里举行办公室聚会，我建议去车站附近的中国餐馆。 考查非谓语动词。“where + 动词不定式”结构作“wonder”的宾语，表示“在哪里做某事”；“suggest”后接动名词作宾语，表示“建议做某事”。故选A。 6．（23-24八年级下·云南丽江·期末）—What do you think of the movie last night? —Wonderful. It’s worth ________ again. A．watch B．to watch C．watched D．watching 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你觉得昨晚的电影怎么样？——太棒了。它值得再看一次。 考查非谓语动词。be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”，所以此处应接动名词形式。故选D。 7．（24-25七年级上·湖北黄石·期中）—Eddie, it’s time _____ homework, you shouldn’t spend your time _____ TV! —OK, mom! A．do, watch B．to do, watched C．doing, to watch D．to do, watching 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——埃迪，到做作业的时间了，你不应该把时间花在看电视上！——好的，妈妈！ 考查非谓语动词。it’s time to do sth.“到做某事的时间了”，是固定句式，第一个空用to do；spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，是固定搭配，第二个空用watching。故选D。 8．（24-25八年级下·上海杨浦·期末）Our monitor suggested ________ to the museum this weekend to learn more about history. A．go B．to go C．going D．to going 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的班长建议这个周末去博物馆了解更多的历史。 考查非谓语动词。suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选C。 9．（24-25八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）Jerry used to ______ at home when he was free, but now he gets used to ______ out to play with his friends. A．stay; going B．staying; go C．stay; go D．staying; going 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Jerry过去空闲时常常待在家里，但现在他习惯了和朋友出去玩。 考查固定搭配。used to do sth“过去常常做某事”，空一处填动词原形；get used to doing sth“习惯于做某事”，空二处用动名词形式。故选A。 10．（24-25八年级下·广东汕头·期末）We have problems ________ speaking English. A．practiced B．practicing C．to practice D．practice 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们练习说英语有困难。 考查动名词作宾语。have problems (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”，固定搭配。故选B。 二．填空 1．（24-25八年级上·云南文山·期末）All Chinese people look forward to Tian’anmen Square. (visit) 【答案】visiting 【详解】句意：所有的中国人都期待参观天安门广场。根据“look forward to”可知，此处是look forward to doing sth.“期待做某事”，所以使用动名词形式，visit的动名词为visiting。故填visiting。 2．（24-25八年级上·新疆乌鲁木齐·期末）On weekends, I enjoy (hang) out with my friends at the park in the nice weather. 【答案】hanging 【详解】句意：在周末，天气好的时候我喜欢和我的朋友们在公园闲逛。hang“闲逛”，enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，固定用法，动词要用动名词，hang动名词为hanging。故填hanging。 3．（24-25八年级上·四川达州·期末）In The Volunteers: To the War II, all the national heroes feel like (win) the final victory. 【答案】winning 【详解】句意：在《志愿军：雄兵出击2》中，所有的民族英雄都想赢得最后的胜利。feel like doing sth“想要做某事”。故填winning。 4．（25-26八年级上·西藏日喀则·期末）Mike enjoys (go) fishing in the countryside. 【答案】going 【详解】句意：Mike喜欢在乡下钓鱼。enjoy doing sth.是固定短语，表示“喜欢做某事”，故填going。 5．（24-25八年级上·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·期末）In many countries, rubbish or leaving it behind is impolite. (drop) 【答案】dropping 【详解】句意：在许多国家，乱扔垃圾或把它留在原地是不礼貌的。括号内给出动词“drop”，其与后文“or leaving it behind”并列，两者共同作主语。动词原形不能直接作主语，需改为动名词形式“dropping”，使其与“leaving”并列构成动名词短语作主语。故填dropping。 6．（24-25八年级上·内蒙古呼和浩特·期末）Would you mind the windows? It’s too noisy outside. (close) 【答案】closing 【详解】句意：你介意把窗户关上吗？外面太吵了。close“关闭”，为动词；根据mind doing sth.“介意做某事”可知，此处应用动名词closing。故填closing。 7．（24-25八年级上·内蒙古呼和浩特·期末）We should stop when we are hurt. (exercise) 【答案】exercising 【详解】句意：当我们受伤时，应该停止锻炼。stop doing...“停止正在做的事情”；此处表示受伤时应停止锻炼，exercise“锻炼”，动词，其动名词形式为exercising。故填exercising。 8．（24-25八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）I am considering (visit) Qingdao next summer vacation. 【答案】visiting 【详解】句意：我正在考虑在明年暑假去青岛旅游。consider doing sth“考虑做某事”，故填visiting。 9．（24-25八年级下·江苏南京·期末）What trouble do you have (explain) the reason to the policeman? 【答案】explaining 【详解】句意：向警察解释原因时，你有什么困难？have trouble (in) doing sth“做某事有困难”，空处用动名词形式。故填explaining。 10．（24-25八年级下·四川达州·期末）Alice is busy (search) for comments (评论) on Nezha 2 on the Internet. 【答案】searching 【详解】句意：爱丽丝正忙着在网上搜索关于《哪吒2》的评论。根据“Alice is busy...”可知，此处是“be busy doing sth.”结构，表示“忙于做某事”，所以search要用其动名词形式searching。故填searching。 三．短文填空 （1） To be honest, no matter how old we are, most of us love it when our parents do things for us. It makes our life much more comfortable, and we have few things 1.　　　　　(worry) about.  Some parents prepare almost everything for their children since they were born. They consider their older children (and sometimes even adults)as babies! They are afraid to let them 2.　　　　　(go) anywhere or do anything by themselves. As a result, their children fail 3.　　　　　(learn) social skills, and come to depend more on their parents!  So some experts suggest that children need their own time 4.　　　　　(develop) into adults and to learn how 5.　　　　　(deal) with problems. It is not necessary for parents 6.　　　　　(care) too much about the safety of their children. Too much care breaks their fun when they are growing up.  【答案】1.to worry　空处作后置定语,have few things to worry about 意为“有很少要担心的事”,故填to worry。 2.go　let sb. do sth.让某人做某事,此处需要用不带to的动词不定式,故填go。 3.to learn　fail to do sth.未能做成某事,故填to learn。 4.to develop　need sth. to do sth.需要某物来做某事, 故填to develop。 5.to deal　固定搭配how to do sth.意为“如何做某事”,故填to deal。 6.to care　此处为固定句式“it's (not)+adj.+for sb.+to do”,故填to care。 （2） What does a successful language learner do?First, they are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way 1.　　　　　(learn) the language. Second,they are active learners. They find people who speak the language and ask these people 2.　　　　　(correct) them when they make a mistake. They are not afraid of 3.　　　　　(make) mistakes and always willing 4.　　　　　(try) again. Finally, they are learners with a purpose. They expect 5.　　　　　(communicate) with the people using the language they learn.   So, if you want to be a successful learner,you must learn independently,actively and purposefully. 【答案】1.to learn　way后跟动词不定式作定语,their own way to do...意为“他们自己做……的方法”,故填to learn。 2.to correct　ask sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事,故填to correct。 3.making　be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事, 担心做某事, 故填making。 4.to try　此处为“(are) willing to do...”,意为“乐意做……”, 故填to try。 5.to communicate　expect to do sth.期待做某事, 故填to communicate。 四．语法填空 （22-23八年级上·浙江温州·期末）According to a report by the United Nations, the world’s population is probably going to hit 8 billion on 15 November, 2022. And it could 1 (grow) to around 8.5 billion in 2030 and 9.7 billion in 2050. More than half of the possible population increase up to 2050 will mainly be in eight 2 (country), such as Egypt, Pakistan and India. And India is probably going to become the country with the 3 (large) population in the world in 2023. There is something further in the report. It 4 (take) the world’s population 12 years to grow from 7 to 8 billion in the past, 5 it will only take about 15 years to hit 9 billion in the near future. That means the world’s population is growing 6 (slow) than before. The UN Secretary General, António Guterres, talked about 7 serious problem. The world has grown richer but the differences 8 the rich and the poor have grown as well. A great number of people still don’t get enough food 9 (eat). There are also a lot of people in the world leaving 10 (they) homes for many causes. 【答案】1．grow 2．countries 3．largest 4．took 5．but 6．more slowly 7．a 8．between 9．to eat 10．their 【导语】本文主要介绍了在人口增长的背景下，世界面临的共同问题。 1．句意：到2030年可能增长到85亿，到2050年可能增长到97亿。根据情态动词could可知，该空要用动词原形的形式，故填grow。 2．句意：截至2050年，超过一半的可能增长人口将主要集中在埃及、巴基斯坦和印度等8个国家。根据空格前的eight可知，该空要用名词的复数形式，country的复数形式是countries，故填countries。 3．句意：印度很可能在2023年成为世界上人口最多的国家。根据空格前的the以及后文的in the world可知，该空要用形容词的最高级，large的最高级是largest，故填largest。 4．句意：过去世界人口从70亿增长到80亿需要12年的时间。由“in the past”可知，该句应用一般过去时，take的过去式是took，故填took。 5．句意：但在不久的将来，只需要15年就能达到90亿。前文说到过去世界人口从70亿增长到80亿需要12年的时间，后面又讲到以后只需要15年就能达到90亿，由句意可知该空表示转折关系，故填but。 6．句意：这意味着世界人口的增长速度比以前慢了。要用副词的形式来修饰空格前的“is growing”，又由than可知该空要用比较级，故用副词的比较级，故填more slowly。 7．句意：联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯谈到了一个严重的问题。由problem可知，该空要用一个冠词来表示“一个问题”，又由serious是以辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。 8．句意：世界变得越来越富裕，但贫富差距也在扩大。between…and…表示“在……和……之间”，该空表示富人和穷人之间，故填between。 9．句意：许多人仍然没有得到足够的食物吃。enough+名词+to do表示“足够的……去做某事”，故填to eat。 10．句意：世界上还有很多人因为各种原因离开家园。由空格后的homes可知，该空要用形容词性物主代词来修饰，they的形容词性物主代词是their，故填their。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $