专题01 八上易错点、课文填空、过去进行时、现在完成时-八年级英语新教材外研版

专题01 八上易错点、课文填空、过去进行时、现在完成时 一．八上易错点 1.辨析：arrive, reach 与 get。三者均有“到达”之意 arrive (不及物动词) arrive in + 大地点 arrive at + 小地点 arrive + 地点副词 reach (及物动词) reach + 地点名词 get (不及物动词) get to + 地点名词 get + 地点副词 They arrived Beijing last night. 昨晚他们到达了北京。 How do you arrive school? 你怎么到达学校？ Jack will China tomorrow. 杰克明天将到达中国。 You should get the library before 8:00 a.m. 你应该在上午 8 点之前到达图书馆。 2.instead of 和instead (1) instead of 代替……；而不是……。其后接被代替的内容作宾语，其宾语多由名词、代词、动词-ing形式或介词短语充当。 I’d like a cup of tea coffee. 我想要一杯茶，不要咖啡。 watching TV, he read a book. 他没有看电视，而是读了一本书。 (2) instead [副词] 代替；而不是。位于句子开头时，多用逗号与后面的内容隔开；位于句子结尾时，一般不用逗号隔开。 She didn’t go to school. , she went to the hospital to see her mother. 她没去上学。相反，她去医院看望她的母亲了。 He didn’t give me a book. He gave me a pen . 他没给我一本书。他反而给了我一支钢笔。 3.fill装满，充满 （1）fill...with... 用……把……装满 Her kind words filled his heart hope. 她亲切的话语使他的心里充满了希望。 Please fill my cup tea. 请把我的杯子装满茶。 （2）be filled with 装满了……。相当于 be full of。 My bag is filled with books. = My bag is full books. 我的包里装满了书。 4.感叹句 how 引起的感叹句： 其结构为“How + 形容词 / 副词 (+ 主语 + 谓语) !”。 interesting the movie is! 这部电影多么有趣啊！ what 也可引起感叹句，其常用结构及用法为： ① What + a (n) + 形容词 + 可数名词的单数形式 (+ 主语 + 谓语) ! beautiful girl she is! 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀！ ② What + 形容词 + 可数名词的复数形式 / 不可数名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语) ! important jobs they have done! 他们做了多么重要的工作啊！ good news! 多好的消息啊！ 5.surprise （1） [名词] 惊讶；惊喜；意外的事 His visit was a complete surprise to me. 他的来访对我来说完全是个意外。 （2） [动词] 使惊讶；使惊喜 The news everyone. 这个消息使每个人都感到惊讶。 （3）surprised [形容词] 惊讶的。通常用来说明人的感受，常作表语。 be surprised to do sth 做某事很惊讶 be surprised at sth 对某事感到惊讶 I was surprised see him here. 我很惊讶在这儿看到他。 They were at the news. 他们对这则消息感到惊讶。 （4）surprising [形容词] 令人惊讶的。通常用来形容或说明某事物的性质，作定语或表语。 The result made everyone talk about it. 这个令人惊讶的结果让每个人都在谈论它。 The news is . 这个消息令人惊讶。 （5）to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 To my , he passed the exam with high marks. 令我惊讶的是，他以高分通过了考试。 6.辨析: yet 与 already （1）yet 还，尚。多用于疑问句或否定句。 Have the guests arrived ? 客人们已经到了吗？ The guests haven’t arrived . 客人们还没有到。 （2）already 已经。多用于肯定句，用于疑问句时，表示“惊奇；意外”之意。 He is a middle school student. 他已经是一名中学生了。 Is it 10 o’clock ? 都已经 10 点钟了吗？ 7.be proud of 为……感到骄傲 / 自豪 （1）be proud of 相当于 take pride in。proud 为形容词，意为“骄傲的；自豪的” （2）pride 为名词，意为“骄傲；自豪”。 His family are proud of him. = His family take pride him. 他的家人为他感到自豪。 （2）be proud to do sth 为做某事感到骄傲 / 自豪 He is proud be a student of Tsinghua University. 他为成为清华大学的一名学生感到自豪。 8. must （1）一定，准是。表示一种可能性很大的推测，只用在肯定句中。否定推测用 can’t，意为“不可能”。 He must Mr Zhang. 他一定是张先生。 That be his book. His is in his desk. 那不可能是他的书。他的书在书桌里。 （2）必须。以 must 开头的疑问句，肯定回答用 must，否定回答用 needn’t 或 don’t have to。 You must work hard. 你必须努力学习。 — Must Tom create the poster? 必须由汤姆来创作这张海报吗？ — No, . 不，他不必。 （3）must 的否定形式 mustn’t 意为“不许，严禁”，常表示命令的语气。 In class the students eat anything. 在课堂上学生们不许吃任何东西。 9.be good at 擅长……。 （1）be good at 擅长……at 是介词，其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式，与 do well in 同义。 I’m good English. = I do well in English. 我擅长英语。 Basketball is my favourite. I am good it. 篮球是我的最爱，我擅长它。 Mary is good at swimming. = Mary does well in swimming. 玛丽擅长游泳。 （2）be good 对……有好处 Eating fruit and vegetables is good for your health. 吃水果和蔬菜对你的健康有好处。 （3）be good with 善于应付……的；对……有办法 Teachers must be good the children. 老师必须善于应付孩子们。 （4）be good to 对……好 Be good him, OK? 对他好些，行吗？ 10.辨析：try to do sth 与 try doing sth （1） try to do sth 尽力去做某事；努力做某事 侧重付出一定的努力并设法做某事 Mary tried lift the bag. 玛丽设法提起那个袋子。 （2）try doing sth 尝试着做某事 侧重尝试某种新的或不同的做法 Li Ming is writing a poem. 李明正试着写一首诗。 二．课文填空 （1） Unit1课文Impossible——I’m possible （压缩版） actress，nothing，doubt，impossible，second，fear，satisfied，succeed，excellent，risky，stick to，zero ，athlete， doubt "1 is 2 ," said British 3 Audrey Hepburn. But 4 and 5 often hold us back. How can we face them and 6 ? Su Bingtian gives an 7 answer. He started running in 2006. Back then, no Asian had run 100m in less than ten 8 . He trained hard and became a fast runner in Asia. Su wasn’t 9 . In 2014, he changed his starting leg—a 10 decision. He had to start from 11 and people 12 him, but he fought his fears. In 2015, he ran 9.99 seconds; in 2021, he got 9.83 seconds at the Olympics. He became the first Chinese 13 in the Olympic 100m final. Su told youngsters: "Never let anything hold you back. 14 it, and everyone can be a superman!" （2） Unit2课文2：Six chi away, but closer together （压缩版） dividing line，narrow，return，argued，agreement，kindness，reach，government，relative，have passed，neighbour， unit，whenever 1 lanes are common in China. Liuchixiang in Anhui is the most famous one—its name means "six-chi lane" in 2 of traditional Chinese measurement. The story began in the Qing Dynasty. Two families, the Zhangs and the Wus, 3 over the 4 between their houses. They couldn’t 5 an 6 . The Zhangs wrote to their 7 Zhang Ying, who worked in the 8 , for advice. Zhang Ying sent back a poem, and the Zhang family felt ashamed. They stepped back three chi for their 9 . 10 , the Wu family also gave up three chi. The six-chi lane was born! Hundreds of years11 . 12 people walk down the lane, they remember the 13 that brings people closer. 三．语法精讲 （1）过去进行时 定义：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 构成：助动词be (was，were ) +doing——动词变现在分词 基本句型: 句型： be (was,were) +doing 陈述句 He was washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 否定句 He was not washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 疑问句 Was he washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday? Yes, he was./No,he wasn’t. 时间标志：过去进行时的时间状语有：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。 过去进行时的用法 ① 表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。 ② 表示过去某一段时间内一直在做或持续进行的动作。 ③ 在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时。如： ④ 表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作，尤其是come, go, leave, start, begin, move等表示位置移动和起止的动词。 ⑤ 与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用，表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩。 1.They were watching TV at ten o’clock last night. 昨晚十点他们在看电视。 2.I was cooking dinner when my husband got home yesterday afternoon. 我丈夫昨天下午到家时，我正在做晚饭。 3.What were you doing yesterday evening? 昨天晚上你一直在干些什么？ 4.He was doing his homework between 8:00 and 9:00 on Sunday morning. 星期日八点到九点他一直在做作业。 5.Mary was doing some reading while her younger brother was writing. 玛丽在看书，此时，她弟弟在写字。 6.She told me she was leaving for Beijing next week. 她告诉我她下周动身去北京。 7.We two were always quarrelling. 我们俩老是吵架。 8.The boy was continually asking questions. 这孩子总是问东问西的。 when和while的区别： ① 引导时间状语从句时，while 连接的是时间段，后常接延续性动词；而when连接的既可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词。 ② while可以连接两个并列的句子，而when不可以。 ③ when可作特殊疑问词，对时间进行提问；while 不能。 1.When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？ 2.What was your father doing while your mother was cooking？你妈妈做饭的时候，你爸爸在干什么呢？ 3.What was your mother doing when you came back? 当你回来时，你妈妈在干什么呢？ 4.I was trying my best to finish my work while my sister was watching TV. 我当时正在尽力完成作业，而我的妹妹正在看电视。 过去进行时和一般过去时的用法比较 ① 过去进行时往往表示动作的未完成性，而一般过去时则往往表示动作已完成。 ②过去进行时侧重说明动作持续时间的长度，而一般过去时则侧重说明事实。 1.He was doing his homework in the afternoon. (没有言明作业是否完成) 2.He did his homework in the afternoon. (作业已做完) 3. It rained all night. (只说明下雨事实) 随堂训练 一．单项选择 1．（24-25八年级上·云南昭通·期末）—What happened to the boy? —He hit an old man ________ he was cycling to cross the road. A．if B．while C．whether D．but 2．（24-25八年级上·云南西双版纳·期末）—What was your grandfather doing at this time last night? —He ________ TV about the news of Shenzhou-19. A．will watch B．is watching C．was watching D．watched 3．（24-25八年级上·安徽合肥·期末）—Why didn’t you answer my call at nine o’clock last night? —I ________ a film with my friend at the cinema. A．watched B．watch C．was watching D．am watching 4．（24-25八年级上·安徽合肥·期末）—I called you this morning, but you didn’t answer the phone. —Sorry, I ________ the flowers in the garden then. A．water B．watered C．am watering D．was watering 5．（25-26九年级上·江西景德镇·期中）I was doing my homework ________ my friend called me. A．when B．once C．while D．since 6．（24-25八年级下·北京密云·期末）I ________ the flowers in the garden when my phone suddenly rang. A．water B．watered C．was watering D．will water 7．（25-26八年级上·全国·期末）While I ________ dinner, the phone rang. A．cook B．cooked C．was cooking D．am cooking 8．（24-25八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）—What did the teacher say just now? —Sorry, I didn’t hear it. I ________ a new story. A．have read B．read C．am reading D．was reading 9．（24-25八年级下·甘肃平凉·期末）The boy ________ English on the radio at 9:00 a.m. when I opened his door. A．has learned B．is learning C．learns D．was learning 10．（24-25八年级下·安徽铜陵·期末）—I called you at 5 p.m. yesterday, but you didn’t answer me. —Oh, sorry. I ________ an art museum at that time. A．visit B．visited C．was visiting D．am visiting 二．填空 11．（24-25八年级上·内蒙古呼和浩特·期末）While my mother TV at that time yesterday, I was making a kite. (watch) 12．（24-25八年级上·福建三明·期末）Li Ming (listen) to the news at half past seven this morning. 13．（25-26八年级上·全国·期末）Jim (chat) on the Internet while Mom was cooking. 14．（25-26八年级上·全国·期末）We (have) dinner when it began to snow. 15．（25-26八年级上·全国·期末）I (mop) up the water at this time yesterday. 16．（24-25八年级下·江苏南京·期末）All the team members were (train) hard when I passed by the room. 17．（24-25八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）While I (read) a book, my sister was watching TV. 18．（24-25八年级下·重庆江北·期末）I (study) for a test when it began to rain heavily. 19．（24-25八年级下·甘肃平凉·期末）I was (repair) my broken chair when he knocked at the door. 20．（24-25八年级下·甘肃庆阳·期末）The students were (sing) a song when the earthquake happened. （2）现在完成时 定义：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。 构成：have (has)+done——动词变过去分词 基本句型: past now future 句型： have done has done 陈述句 I have seen that film before. She has seen that film before. 否定句 I haven’t seen that film before She hasn’t seen that film before. 疑问句 Have you (ever) seen that film before? Yes, I have./No,I haven’t. Has she (ever) seen that film before? Yes, she has./No,she hasn’t. 时间标志：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。 现在完成时的用法 ①表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如: —Have you had your lunch yet?——你吃过午饭了吗? —Yes,I have.I’ve just had it.——是的,我刚吃过。(说明现在饱了。) I have lost my pen.我把钢笔弄丢了。(过去某个时间丢的,现在还没有找到。) I have already watched the TV play.我已经看过这部电视剧了。 —Have you found your lost pen yet?——你找到丢失的钢笔了吗? —No.I haven’t found it yet.——没有,我还没有找到。 注意:already,yet常和现在完成时连用。already用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前,也可放在句末表示惊讶。yet用在疑问句和否定句中。 ②表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常和for+时间段或since+时间点连用,表示持续的动作或状态,多为延续性动词。如: We have lived here since 2000.自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里。(说明一直住在这里,也许还会住下去。) 2.几个副词在现在完成时中的用法 ①just 意为“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。 He has just come back from Beijing.他刚从北京回来。 ②ever意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间。 Have you ever been to Shanghai?你去过上海吗? ③never意为“从来没有”,常与before 连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。 I have never traveled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。 ④since+时间点/for+时间段。如: I have been in Beijing for two years.我在北京两年了。 3.延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法 ①现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。如:我离开这所学校已八年了。 误:I’ve left this school for eight years. 正:I’ve been away from this school for eight years.他借用我的词典已两天了。 误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days. 正:He has kept my dictionary for two days. 不过,在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。如: I haven’t gone to see him for several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了。 ②非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法: a.将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep open be open close be closed begin/start be on come be here finish be over die be dead put on wear wake up be awake fall asleep be asleep join be in leave be away b.将时间状语改为过去时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。 c.用句型“It is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)”表示。如: It is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。 4.动词的过去式与过去分词 ①规则变化 形式 构成 例词 过去式与 过去分词 (规则变化) 在动词原形后加-ed work—worked 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-ed carry—carried study—studied 以e结尾的动词,直接加-d live—lived 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母后再加-ed stop—stopped plan—planned 随堂训练 一．单项选择 1．（24-25八年级上·山东东营·期末）—Which book did you choose? —I chose Treasure Island, but I ________ reading it yet. I’m only on page 25. A．have already B．haven’t finished C．finished D．haven’t liked 2．（24-25八年级上·山东东营·期末）Cathy and Amy ________ back to their hometown for two years. They miss their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year. A．haven’t gone B．haven’t been C．haven’t come D．have left 3．（24-25八年级上·山东东营·期末）—Where is Mr. Jones? —He ________ back to America. He ________ for a couple of weeks. A．went; has left B．has gone; has left C．has gone; has been away D．went; has been away 4．（25-26八年级上·江苏南京·期末）She _________ in this neighborhood since she was born, so she _________ every street here. A．lives; knows B．has lived; knows C．lived; knew D．will live; will know 5．（25-26八年级上·江苏南京·期末）— How long _________ you _________ in this school? — Since I was in Grade 7. I _________ here for two years. A．are; studying; am B．have; studied; have been C．did; study; was D．will; study; will be 6．（24-25八年级下·北京密云·期末）We ________ as volunteers in the local community since two years ago. A．work B．worked C．are working D．have worked 7．（24-25八年级上·云南西双版纳·期末）With the development of science and technology, more and more robots ________ in our daily lives recently. A．appear B．appeared C．have appeared D．will appear 8．（24-25八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）—Is James at home?     —No. He ______ Xi’an to be a volunteer. A．have gone to B．has been to C．has been in D．has gone to 9．（24-25八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）—Do you want to go to the movie with me tonight? —Sorry, I can’t. I ______ my homework yet. A．wasn’t finishing B．don’t finish C．didn’t finish D．haven’t finished 10．（24-25八年级下·甘肃庆阳·期末）Mr Smith, together with his two sons, ________ Shanghai for about five months. A．has left B．have left C．have been away from D．has been away from 二．填空 1．（24-25八年级下·重庆江北·期末）The movie (begin) for over ten minutes. 2．（24-25八年级下·甘肃庆阳·期末）Emily has (have) the piano since she was eight years old. 3．（24-25八年级下·甘肃天水·期末）My grandparents have been (marry) for sixty years. 4．（24-25八年级下·甘肃平凉·期末）My father (read) the novel already. 5．（24-25八年级下·四川达州·期末）I have (have) this toy bear for five years. 6．（24-25八年级下·甘肃陇南·期末）I have (collect) more than 200 stamps since I was ten years old. 7．（24-25八年级下·四川达州·期末）Tom has (collect) kites for many years. 8．（24-25八年级下·甘肃庆阳·期末）Tina and Helen (know) each other since 2010. 9．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）So far, the little boy (fall) over several times while learning to ride. 10．（24-25八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）— Can I borrow your bike to get to the library? — Sorry, I (lend) it to Lily. She came for it this morning. 三．语法填空 （23-24八年级上·浙江温州·期末）阅读短文，根据上下文或括号内所给英文单词，写出空白处的英文单词以及它们的正确形式，补全文本。 Ma Wenbo, a nine-year-old boy, saved his family and people next door out of a fire on December 18th. “I noticed the strange smell at about 10 o’clock 1 night. I got up and ran towards my father’s room. When I opened the door, my father 2 (sleep). I woke him up immediately,” Ma said. Ma’s father got up 3 (quick) and ran out. However, he made a mistake—he went back to get 4 (he) phone. He soon found he couldn’t get out. Luckily, Ma was able to run out. He 5 (knock) other people’s doors and stopped a car. Then he asked the driver 6 (call) firemen. The firemen arrived in just a few minutes. They saved Ma’s father and two 7 (woman) on the fourth floor. In the end, all 18 people in 8 building were safe. Ma’s father was proud of him. “He did some training about fire at school 9 he knew what to do. He was much 10 (calm) than I was. ” 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 八上易错点、课文填空、过去进行时、现在完成时 一．八上易错点 1.辨析：arrive, reach 与 get。三者均有“到达”之意 arrive (不及物动词) arrive in + 大地点 arrive at + 小地点 arrive + 地点副词 reach (及物动词) reach + 地点名词 get (不及物动词) get to + 地点名词 get + 地点副词 They arrived in Beijing last night. 昨晚他们到达了北京。 How do you arrive at school? 你怎么到达学校？ Jack will reach China tomorrow. 杰克明天将到达中国。 You should get to the library before 8:00 a.m. 你应该在上午 8 点之前到达图书馆。 2.instead of 和instead (1) instead of 代替……；而不是……。其后接被代替的内容作宾语，其宾语多由名词、代词、动词-ing形式或介词短语充当。 I’d like a cup of tea instead of coffee. 我想要一杯茶，不要咖啡。 Instead of watching TV, he read a book. 他没有看电视，而是读了一本书。 (2) instead [副词] 代替；而不是。位于句子开头时，多用逗号与后面的内容隔开；位于句子结尾时，一般不用逗号隔开。 She didn’t go to school. Instead, she went to the hospital to see her mother. 她没去上学。相反，她去医院看望她的母亲了。 He didn’t give me a book. He gave me a pen instead. 他没给我一本书。他反而给了我一支钢笔。 3.fill装满，充满 （1）fill...with... 用……把……装满 Her kind words filled his heart with hope. 她亲切的话语使他的心里充满了希望。 Please fill my cup with tea. 请把我的杯子装满茶。 （2）be filled with 装满了……。相当于 be full of。 My bag is filled with books. = My bag is full of books. 我的包里装满了书。 4.感叹句 how 引起的感叹句： 其结构为“How + 形容词 / 副词 (+ 主语 + 谓语) !”。 How interesting the movie is! 这部电影多么有趣啊！ what 也可引起感叹句，其常用结构及用法为： ① What + a (n) + 形容词 + 可数名词的单数形式 (+ 主语 + 谓语) ! What a beautiful girl she is! 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀！ ② What + 形容词 + 可数名词的复数形式 / 不可数名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语) ! What important jobs they have done! 他们做了多么重要的工作啊！ What good news! 多好的消息啊！ 5.surprise （1） [名词] 惊讶；惊喜；意外的事 His visit was a complete surprise to me. 他的来访对我来说完全是个意外。 （2） [动词] 使惊讶；使惊喜 The news surprised everyone. 这个消息使每个人都感到惊讶。 （3）surprised [形容词] 惊讶的。通常用来说明人的感受，常作表语。 be surprised to do sth 做某事很惊讶 be surprised at sth 对某事感到惊讶 I was surprised to see him here. 我很惊讶在这儿看到他。 They were surprised at the news. 他们对这则消息感到惊讶。 （4）surprising [形容词] 令人惊讶的。通常用来形容或说明某事物的性质，作定语或表语。 The surprising result made everyone talk about it. 这个令人惊讶的结果让每个人都在谈论它。 The news is surprising. 这个消息令人惊讶。 （5）to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 To my surprise, he passed the exam with high marks. 令我惊讶的是，他以高分通过了考试。 6.辨析: yet 与 already （1）yet 还，尚。多用于疑问句或否定句。 Have the guests arrived yet? 客人们已经到了吗？ The guests haven’t arrived yet. 客人们还没有到。 （2）already 已经。多用于肯定句，用于疑问句时，表示“惊奇；意外”之意。 He is already a middle school student. 他已经是一名中学生了。 Is it 10 o’clock already? 都已经 10 点钟了吗？ 7.be proud of 为……感到骄傲 / 自豪 （1）be proud of 相当于 take pride in。proud 为形容词，意为“骄傲的；自豪的” （2）pride 为名词，意为“骄傲；自豪”。 His family are proud of him. = His family take pride in him. 他的家人为他感到自豪。 （2）be proud to do sth 为做某事感到骄傲 / 自豪 He is proud to be a student of Tsinghua University. 他为成为清华大学的一名学生感到自豪。 8. must （1）一定，准是。表示一种可能性很大的推测，只用在肯定句中。否定推测用 can’t，意为“不可能”。 He must be Mr Zhang. 他一定是张先生。 That can’t be his book. His is in his desk. 那不可能是他的书。他的书在书桌里。 （2）必须。以 must 开头的疑问句，肯定回答用 must，否定回答用 needn’t 或 don’t have to。 You must work hard. 你必须努力学习。 — Must Tom create the poster? 必须由汤姆来创作这张海报吗？ — No, he needn’t/doesn’t have to. 不，他不必。 （3）must 的否定形式 mustn’t 意为“不许，严禁”，常表示命令的语气。 In class the students mustn’t eat anything. 在课堂上学生们不许吃任何东西。 9.be good at 擅长……。 （1）be good at 擅长……at 是介词，其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式，与 do well in 同义。 I’m good at English. = I do well in English. 我擅长英语。 Basketball is my favourite. I am good at it. 篮球是我的最爱，我擅长它。 Mary is good at swimming. = Mary does well in swimming. 玛丽擅长游泳。 （2）be good for 对……有好处 Eating fruit and vegetables is good for your health. 吃水果和蔬菜对你的健康有好处。 （3）be good with 善于应付……的；对……有办法 Teachers must be good with the children. 老师必须善于应付孩子们。 （4）be good to 对……好 Be good to him, OK? 对他好些，行吗？ 10.辨析：try to do sth 与 try doing sth （1） try to do sth 尽力去做某事；努力做某事 侧重付出一定的努力并设法做某事 Mary tried to lift the bag. 玛丽设法提起那个袋子。 （2）try doing sth 尝试着做某事 侧重尝试某种新的或不同的做法 Li Ming is trying writing a poem. 李明正试着写一首诗。 二．课文填空 （1） Unit1课文Impossible——I’m possible （压缩版） actress，nothing，doubt，impossible，second，fear，satisfied，succeed，excellent，risky，stick to，zero ，athlete， doubt "1 is 2 ," said British 3 Audrey Hepburn. But 4 and 5 often hold us back. How can we face them and 6 ? Su Bingtian gives an 7 answer. He started running in 2006. Back then, no Asian had run 100m in less than ten 8 . He trained hard and became a fast runner in Asia. Su wasn’t 9 . In 2014, he changed his starting leg—a 10 decision. He had to start from 11 and people 12 him, but he fought his fears. In 2015, he ran 9.99 seconds; in 2021, he got 9.83 seconds at the Olympics. He became the first Chinese 13 in the Olympic 100m final. Su told youngsters: "Never let anything hold you back. 14 it, and everyone can be a superman!" 【答案】1.Nothing 2.impossible 3.actress 4.doubt 5.fear 6.succeed 7.excellent 8.seconds 9.satisfied 10.risky 11.zero 12.doubt 13.athlete 14.Stick to （2） Unit2课文2：Six chi away, but closer together （压缩版） dividing line，narrow，return，argued，agreement，kindness，reach，government，relative，have passed，neighbour， unit，whenever 1 lanes are common in China. Liuchixiang in Anhui is the most famous one—its name means "six-chi lane" in 2 of traditional Chinese measurement. The story began in the Qing Dynasty. Two families, the Zhangs and the Wus, 3 over the 4 between their houses. They couldn’t 5 an 6 . The Zhangs wrote to their 7 Zhang Ying, who worked in the 8 , for advice. Zhang Ying sent back a poem, and the Zhang family felt ashamed. They stepped back three chi for their 9 . 10 , the Wu family also gave up three chi. The six-chi lane was born! Hundreds of years11 . 12 people walk down the lane, they remember the 13 that brings people closer. 【答案】1.Narrow 2.unit 3.argued 4.dividing line 5.reach 6.agreement 7.relative 8.government 9.neighbour 10.return 11.passed 12.Whenever 13.kindness 三．语法精讲 （1）过去进行时 定义：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 构成：助动词be (was，were ) +doing——动词变现在分词 基本句型: 句型： be (was,were) +doing 陈述句 He was washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 否定句 He was not washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 疑问句 Was he washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday? Yes, he was./No,he wasn’t. 时间标志：过去进行时的时间状语有：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。 过去进行时的用法 ① 表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。 ② 表示过去某一段时间内一直在做或持续进行的动作。 ③ 在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时。如： ④ 表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作，尤其是come, go, leave, start, begin, move等表示位置移动和起止的动词。 ⑤ 与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用，表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩。 1.They were watching TV at ten o’clock last night. 昨晚十点他们在看电视。 2.I was cooking dinner when my husband got home yesterday afternoon. 我丈夫昨天下午到家时，我正在做晚饭。 3.What were you doing yesterday evening? 昨天晚上你一直在干些什么？ 4.He was doing his homework between 8:00 and 9:00 on Sunday morning. 星期日八点到九点他一直在做作业。 5.Mary was doing some reading while her younger brother was writing. 玛丽在看书，此时，她弟弟在写字。 6.She told me she was leaving for Beijing next week. 她告诉我她下周动身去北京。 7.We two were always quarrelling. 我们俩老是吵架。 8.The boy was continually asking questions. 这孩子总是问东问西的。 when和while的区别： ① 引导时间状语从句时，while 连接的是时间段，后常接延续性动词；而when连接的既可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词。 ② while可以连接两个并列的句子，而when不可以。 ③ when可作特殊疑问词，对时间进行提问；while 不能。 1.When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？ 2.What was your father doing while your mother was cooking？你妈妈做饭的时候，你爸爸在干什么呢？ 3.What was your mother doing when you came back? 当你回来时，你妈妈在干什么呢？ 4.I was trying my best to finish my work while my sister was watching TV. 我当时正在尽力完成作业，而我的妹妹正在看电视。 过去进行时和一般过去时的用法比较 ① 过去进行时往往表示动作的未完成性，而一般过去时则往往表示动作已完成。 ②过去进行时侧重说明动作持续时间的长度，而一般过去时则侧重说明事实。 1.He was doing his homework in the afternoon. (没有言明作业是否完成) 2.He did his homework in the afternoon. (作业已做完) 3. It rained all night. (只说明下雨事实) 随堂训练 一．单项选择 1．（24-25八年级上·云南昭通·期末）—What happened to the boy? —He hit an old man ________ he was cycling to cross the road. A．if B．while C．whether D．but 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——那个男孩发生了什么？——他在骑车过马路时撞到了一位老人。 考查连词辨析。if如果；while当……时；whether是否；but但是。根据“He hit an old man...he was cycling to cross the road.”可知，空白处需填入表示时间的连词，连接“撞到老人”和“骑车过马路”两个同时发生的动作，强调时间背景。故选B。 2．（24-25八年级上·云南西双版纳·期末）—What was your grandfather doing at this time last night? —He ________ TV about the news of Shenzhou-19. A．will watch B．is watching C．was watching D．watched 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你爷爷昨天晚上这个时候在做什么？——他正在看关于神舟19号新闻的电视。 考查动词的时态。will watch将要观看（一般将来时）；is watching正在观看（现在进行时）；was watching过去正在观看（过去进行时）；watched观看了（一般过去时）。根据“at this time last night”可知，本句时态是过去进行时，其结构是“was/were+现在分词”，主语He对应的be动词是was，watch的现在分词是watching。故选C。 3．（24-25八年级上·安徽合肥·期末）—Why didn’t you answer my call at nine o’clock last night? —I ________ a film with my friend at the cinema. A．watched B．watch C．was watching D．am watching 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨晚九点你为什么不接我的电话？——我当时正在电影院和朋友看电影。 考查时态。根据问句“at nine o’clock last night”可知，询问的是过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作，答句应用过去进行时（was/were + doing）。主语I对应be动词was。故选C。 4．（24-25八年级上·安徽合肥·期末）—I called you this morning, but you didn’t answer the phone. —Sorry, I ________ the flowers in the garden then. A．water B．watered C．am watering D．was watering 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我今天早上给你打电话了，但你没接。——对不起，我当时在花园里浇花。 考查过去进行时。根据“then”可知，此处强调“打电话的那个过去时间点正在做的事”，需用过去进行时。was watering符合语境。故选D。 5．（25-26九年级上·江西景德镇·期中）I was doing my homework ________ my friend called me. A．when B．once C．while D．since 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我的朋友给我打电话时，我正在做作业。 考查连词辨析。when当……时；once一旦；while当……时；since自从。句中“called”为非延续性动词，且主句“was doing”是过去进行时，从句是一般过去时，符合“when”的用法，表示主句动作与从句动作同时发生，故选A。 6．（24-25八年级下·北京密云·期末）I ________ the flowers in the garden when my phone suddenly rang. A．water B．watered C．was watering D．will water 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我正在花园里浇花，这时电话突然响了。 考查动词时态。根据“when my phone suddenly rang”可知，此处指过去某个时刻正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+动词的现在分词”，主语为I，be动词用was，water的现在分词为watering。故选C。 7．（25-26八年级上·全国·期末）While I ________ dinner, the phone rang. A．cook B．cooked C．was cooking D．am cooking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我正在做晚饭时，电话响了。 考查动词时态。根据“While”以及“the phone rang.”可知，当while引导时间状语从句时，从句谓语动词需用进行时态表示动作的持续性，主句动作为瞬间性过去事件，发生在从句动作的进行过程中，因此设空处为过去进行时，故选C。 8．（24-25八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）—What did the teacher say just now? —Sorry, I didn’t hear it. I ________ a new story. A．have read B．read C．am reading D．was reading 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——老师刚才说了什么？——对不起，我没听到你说的话。我当时正在读一篇新故事呢。 考查动词时态。根据“Sorry, I didn’t hear it. I ... a new story.”可知，强调过去特定时刻正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选D。 9．（24-25八年级下·甘肃平凉·期末）The boy ________ English on the radio at 9:00 a.m. when I opened his door. A．has learned B．is learning C．learns D．was learning 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我早上9点打开那个男孩的门时，他正在通过收音机学习英语。 考查过去进行时态。根据“at 9:00 a.m. when I opened his door”可知，此处指过去某个时间点正在发生的事情，用过去进行时“was/were doing”。故选D。 10．（24-25八年级下·安徽铜陵·期末）—I called you at 5 p.m. yesterday, but you didn’t answer me. —Oh, sorry. I ________ an art museum at that time. A．visit B．visited C．was visiting D．am visiting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我昨天下午5点给你打电话了，但你没接。——哦，对不起。那时我正在参观一个艺术博物馆。 考查过去进行时。根据“at that time”可知，空处表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选C。 二．填空 11．（24-25八年级上·内蒙古呼和浩特·期末）While my mother TV at that time yesterday, I was making a kite. (watch) 【答案】was watching 【详解】句意：昨天那个时候我妈妈正在看电视，而我正在制作风筝。本句为while引导的时间状语从句，强调两个动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，主句用过去进行时was making，从句也需用过去进行时。主语my mother为第三人称单数，故从句谓语用was watching。故填was watching。 12．（24-25八年级上·福建三明·期末）Li Ming (listen) to the news at half past seven this morning. 【答案】was listening 【详解】句意：李明今天早上七点半正在听新闻。根据“at half past seven this morning”这一具体时间点，可知此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，要用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were + 现在分词”。主语Li Ming是第三人称单数，所以be动词用was，listen的现在分词是listening。故填was listening。   13．（25-26八年级上·全国·期末）Jim (chat) on the Internet while Mom was cooking. 【答案】was chatting 【详解】句意：当妈妈正在做饭时，Jim正在网上聊天。chat“聊天”，是动词，根据“while”和“was cooking”可知此处句子时态为过去进行时，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，其谓语结构为“was/were+doing”，而主语Jim为第三人称单数，所以be动词应用was，故填was；chatting。 14．（25-26八年级上·全国·期末）We (have) dinner when it began to snow. 【答案】were having 【详解】句意：当开始下雪的时候，我们正在吃晚餐。结合语境可知此处是when引导的时间状语从句，从句采用一般过去时，则主句应用过去进行时，表示当时正在发生的动作，其结构为：was/were+现在分词。主语we为复数，be动词应用were，动词have的现在分词为having。故填were having。 15．（25-26八年级上·全国·期末）I (mop) up the water at this time yesterday. 【答案】was mopping 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候我正在擦水。mop“擦拭”，动词原形，根据时间状语“at this time yesterday”可知，本句为过去进行时态，过去进行时态的结构为was/were+doing，主语为“I”，应用was，mop的现在分词形式为mopping。故填was mopping。 16．（24-25八年级下·江苏南京·期末）All the team members were (train) hard when I passed by the room. 【答案】training 【详解】句意：当我经过房间时，所有队员都在努力训练。根据“All the team members were...when I passed by the room.”可知，此处表明训练动作在那一刻正在进行，应用现在分词形式training。故填training。 17．（24-25八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）While I (read) a book, my sister was watching TV. 【答案】was reading 【详解】句意：当我正在看书时，我妹妹正在看电视。read“读”，动词。while引导时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句也用过去进行时，动词形式为was/were doing，主语是I，be动词用was，read的现在分词是reading，故填was reading。 18．（24-25八年级下·重庆江北·期末）I (study) for a test when it began to rain heavily. 【答案】was studying 【详解】句意：我正在为考试学习，这时突然下起了大雨。根据“when it began to rain heavily”可知，主句用过去进行时was/were doing；主语是I，用was studying，故填was studying。 19．（24-25八年级下·甘肃平凉·期末）I was (repair) my broken chair when he knocked at the door. 【答案】repairing 【详解】句意：当他敲门的时候，我正在修理坏掉的椅子。根据句意可知，此处考查过去进行时，表示在过去某一时间点或时间段内正在进行的动作。过去进行时结构：主语+was/were+现在分词。“was repairing正在修理”强调 “knocked敲门”这一瞬间发生时，我正在进行的动作——修椅子。故填repairing。 20．（24-25八年级下·甘肃庆阳·期末）The students were (sing) a song when the earthquake happened. 【答案】singing 【详解】句意：地震发生时，学生们正在唱歌。根据“The students were…a song when the earthquake happened.”，结合备选词可知，地震发生时，学生们正在唱歌。此处表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，结构为：were+现在分词，sing的现在分词形式是singing。故填singing。 （2）现在完成时 定义：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。 构成：have (has)+done——动词变过去分词 基本句型: past now future 句型： have done has done 陈述句 I have seen that film before. She has seen that film before. 否定句 I haven’t seen that film before She hasn’t seen that film before. 疑问句 Have you (ever) seen that film before? Yes, I have./No,I haven’t. Has she (ever) seen that film before? Yes, she has./No,she hasn’t. 时间标志：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。 现在完成时的用法 ①表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如: —Have you had your lunch yet?——你吃过午饭了吗? —Yes,I have.I’ve just had it.——是的,我刚吃过。(说明现在饱了。) I have lost my pen.我把钢笔弄丢了。(过去某个时间丢的,现在还没有找到。) I have already watched the TV play.我已经看过这部电视剧了。 —Have you found your lost pen yet?——你找到丢失的钢笔了吗? —No.I haven’t found it yet.——没有,我还没有找到。 注意:already,yet常和现在完成时连用。already用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前,也可放在句末表示惊讶。yet用在疑问句和否定句中。 ②表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常和for+时间段或since+时间点连用,表示持续的动作或状态,多为延续性动词。如: We have lived here since 2000.自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里。(说明一直住在这里,也许还会住下去。) 2.几个副词在现在完成时中的用法 ①just 意为“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。 He has just come back from Beijing.他刚从北京回来。 ②ever意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间。 Have you ever been to Shanghai?你去过上海吗? ③never意为“从来没有”,常与before 连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。 I have never traveled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。 ④since+时间点/for+时间段。如: I have been in Beijing for two years.我在北京两年了。 3.延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法 ①现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。如:我离开这所学校已八年了。 误:I’ve left this school for eight years. 正:I’ve been away from this school for eight years.他借用我的词典已两天了。 误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days. 正:He has kept my dictionary for two days. 不过,在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。如: I haven’t gone to see him for several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了。 ②非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法: a.将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep open be open close be closed begin/start be on come be here finish be over die be dead put on wear wake up be awake fall asleep be asleep join be in leave be away b.将时间状语改为过去时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。 c.用句型“It is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)”表示。如: It is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。 4.动词的过去式与过去分词 ①规则变化 形式 构成 例词 过去式与 过去分词 (规则变化) 在动词原形后加-ed work—worked 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-ed carry—carried study—studied 以e结尾的动词,直接加-d live—lived 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母后再加-ed stop—stopped plan—planned 随堂训练 一．单项选择 1．（24-25八年级上·山东东营·期末）—Which book did you choose? —I chose Treasure Island, but I ________ reading it yet. I’m only on page 25. A．have already B．haven’t finished C．finished D．haven’t liked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你选择了哪本书？——我选择了《金银岛》，但我还没有读完。我才看到第25页。 考查现在完成时的否定形式。have already已经；haven’t finished还没完成；finished完成；haven’t liked不喜欢。根据“yet”和“I’m only on page 25.”可知，才看到第25页，所以是还没读完，且yet常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“还”或“尚未”，因此用现在完成时的否定形式haven’t finished。故选B。 2．（24-25八年级上·山东东营·期末）Cathy and Amy ________ back to their hometown for two years. They miss their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year. A．haven’t gone B．haven’t been C．haven’t come D．have left 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Cathy and Amy 已经两年没有回他们的家乡了。他们非常想念家乡，并希望明年能去那里。 考查动词短语辨析。haven’t gone没有去，表示“没有前往”；haven’t been，没有去过，表示“未曾访问或回过”；haven’t come没有来，表示“没有来到说话者所在处”；have left已经离开，表示“已离开某地”。根据句意和语境，表示“两年未回”需用“have not been back to”表达未返回的持续状态，且现在完成时与“for + 时间段”连用。故选B。 3．（24-25八年级上·山东东营·期末）—Where is Mr. Jones? —He ________ back to America. He ________ for a couple of weeks. A．went; has left B．has gone; has left C．has gone; has been away D．went; has been away 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Jones先生在哪里？——他已经回美国了。他已经离开几个星期了。 考查现在完成时和动词延续性用法。根据“—Where is Mr. Jones? —He ... back to America. He ... for a couple of weeks.”可知，第一空表示“回美国”的动作已完成且人未返回，应用现在完成时态，用has gone；第二空所在句子中for a couple of weeks，表时间段，“离开”需表示持续状态，非延续性动词leave不能直接接时间段，需改用has been away。故选C。 4．（25-26八年级上·江苏南京·期末）She _________ in this neighborhood since she was born, so she _________ every street here. A．lives; knows B．has lived; knows C．lived; knew D．will live; will know 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她自出生起就一直生活在这个社区，所以她熟悉这里的每条街道。 考查动词时态。第一空since意为“自……以来”，是现在完成时的标志词，其结构为have/has done，且句子主语She为第三人称单数，助动词应使用has；第二空根据“so she …every street here.”可知，描述她现在的状态，对每一个街道都熟悉，所以使用一般现在时，主语she为第三人称单数形式，应使用knows。故选B。 5．（25-26八年级上·江苏南京·期末）— How long _________ you _________ in this school? — Since I was in Grade 7. I _________ here for two years. A．are; studying; am B．have; studied; have been C．did; study; was D．will; study; will be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你在这所学校学习多久了？——自从我七年级开始。我在这里已经两年了。 考查动词时态。根据答语“Since I was in Grade 7.”可知，问句是询问从过去某一时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，所以第一空和第二空应用现在完成时“have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语是you，助动词用have，study的过去分词是studied；第三空，根据“for two years”可知，此处表示从过去某一时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，且还有可能继续持续下去，所以应用现在完成时，主语是I，助动词用have，be的过去分词是been，即have been。故选B。 6．（24-25八年级下·北京密云·期末）We ________ as volunteers in the local community since two years ago. A．work B．worked C．are working D．have worked 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从两年前以来，我们一直在当地社区做志愿者。 考查动词时态。work工作，动词原形；worked工作，动词过去式；are working正在工作，现在进行时；have worked工作，现在完成时。“since two years ago”是现在完成时的标志词，现在完成时的结构是“have/has+过去分词”。故选D。 7．（24-25八年级上·云南西双版纳·期末）With the development of science and technology, more and more robots ________ in our daily lives recently. A．appear B．appeared C．have appeared D．will appear 【答案】C 【详解】句意：随着科学技术的发展，越来越多的机器人出现在我们的日常生活中。 考查时态。根据“recently”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时have/has done。故选C。 8．（24-25八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）—Is James at home?     —No. He ______ Xi’an to be a volunteer. A．have gone to B．has been to C．has been in D．has gone to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——詹姆斯在家吗？——不在。他去西安当志愿者了。 考查现在完成时中“have/has been to”“have/has gone to”“have/has been in”的用法辨析。have/has been to表示“去过某地”，强调过去曾到过该地点，现在已返回原地；have/has gone to表示“去了某地”，强调动作已发生，现在人可能在去某地的途中，也可能已在该地，尚未返回；have/has been in：表示“在某地待了一段时间”，强调在某地的持续状态，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。 根据问句“Is James at home?”及答句“No.”可知，詹姆斯此刻不在家，是“去了西安”还没回来，且主语“he”是第三人称单数，助动词应用“has”。故选D。 9．（24-25八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）—Do you want to go to the movie with me tonight? —Sorry, I can’t. I ______ my homework yet. A．wasn’t finishing B．don’t finish C．didn’t finish D．haven’t finished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你今晚想和我一起去看电影吗？——抱歉，我不能。我还没有完成我的作业。 考查时态。 wasn’t finishing没有在完成，过去进行时；don’t finish没有完成，一般现在时；didn’t finish没有完成，一般过去时； haven’t finished还没有完成，现在完成时。根据“yet”可知，该句应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，否定形式为“haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词”。故选D。 10．（24-25八年级下·甘肃庆阳·期末）Mr Smith, together with his two sons, ________ Shanghai for about five months. A．has left B．have left C．have been away from D．has been away from 【答案】D 【详解】句意：史密斯先生和他的两个儿子已经离开上海大约五个月了。 考查主谓一致和现在完成时的延续性。has left已经离开某地，第三人称单数；have left已经离开某地；have been away from已经离开某地，强调持续状态；has been away from已经离开某地，第三人称单数，强调持续状态。together with连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数由前面的主语（Mr Smith）决定，故排除“have left”和“have been away from”；“for about five months”是表示一段时间的状语，要求谓语动词具有延续性，“left”是短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，“be away from”是延续性短语，可与一段时间搭配。故选D。 二．填空 1．（24-25八年级下·重庆江北·期末）The movie (begin) for over ten minutes. 【答案】has been on 【详解】句意：这部电影已经开始超过十分钟了。根据“for over ten minutes”可知，此处需要用现在完成时态，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在。主语“The movie”为第三人称单数，因此用has。begin是短暂性动词，此处应用延续性动词be on。故填has been on。 2．（24-25八年级下·甘肃庆阳·期末）Emily has (have) the piano since she was eight years old. 【答案】had 【详解】句意：艾米丽从八岁起就拥有这架钢琴了。“since she was eight years old”（自从她八岁起）是现在完成时的标志，现在完成时结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，“have”的过去分词是“had”，所以此处填“had”。故填had。 3．（24-25八年级下·甘肃天水·期末）My grandparents have been (marry) for sixty years. 【答案】married 【详解】句意：我的祖父母已经结婚六十年了。marry结婚，非延续性动词；“be married”强调“已婚”的状态；根据“for sixty years”可知，这句话是现在完成时，“have been married”是“be married” 的现在完成时形式，表示“结婚”的状态持续了一段时间，符合语境，所以此处用“married”。故填married。 4．（24-25八年级下·甘肃平凉·期末）My father (read) the novel already. 【答案】has read 【详解】句意：我父亲已经把这本小说读完了。根据状语“already”可知，此处应用现在完成时，表示“read”这个过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。其谓语构成为have/has done，主语“My father”为第三人称单数，所以助动词应用has；动词read的过去分词为read。故填has read。 5．（24-25八年级下·四川达州·期末）I have (have) this toy bear for five years. 【答案】had 【详解】句意：我拥有这只玩具熊已经五年了。根据“I have…this toy bear for five years.”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”，此处应用have的过去分词。故填had。 6．（24-25八年级下·甘肃陇南·期末）I have (collect) more than 200 stamps since I was ten years old. 【答案】collected 【详解】句意：从我十岁起，我已经收集了200多张邮票。根据“have”和“since I was ten years old”可知，此句用现在完成时，have后动词用过去分词。故填collected。 7．（24-25八年级下·四川达州·期末）Tom has (collect) kites for many years. 【答案】collected 【详解】句意：汤姆收集风筝已经很多年了。for many years“很多年”是现在完成时的标志，现在完成时结构为“have/has+过去分词”；collect的过去分词是collected。故填collected。 8．（24-25八年级下·甘肃庆阳·期末）Tina and Helen (know) each other since 2010. 【答案】have known 【详解】句意：Tina和Helen从2010年起就认识彼此。根据“since 2010”可知，句子时态是现在完成时have/has done，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have known。 9．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）So far, the little boy (fall) over several times while learning to ride. 【答案】has fallen 【详解】句意：到目前为止，这个小男孩在学骑车的时候已经摔倒好几次了。“So far”是现在完成时的标志词，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”；主语“the little boy”是第三人称单数，助动词用“has”；“fall”的过去分词是“fallen”。故填has fallen。 10．（24-25八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）— Can I borrow your bike to get to the library? — Sorry, I (lend) it to Lily. She came for it this morning. 【答案】have lent 【详解】句意：——我能借你的自行车去图书馆吗？——抱歉，我已经借给Lily了。她今早来拿走了。“借”的动作发生在过去，但是对现在产生了影响，应用现在完成时，主语是I，助动词用have。故填have lent。 三．语法填空 （23-24八年级上·浙江温州·期末）阅读短文，根据上下文或括号内所给英文单词，写出空白处的英文单词以及它们的正确形式，补全文本。 Ma Wenbo, a nine-year-old boy, saved his family and people next door out of a fire on December 18th. “I noticed the strange smell at about 10 o’clock 1 night. I got up and ran towards my father’s room. When I opened the door, my father 2 (sleep). I woke him up immediately,” Ma said. Ma’s father got up 3 (quick) and ran out. However, he made a mistake—he went back to get 4 (he) phone. He soon found he couldn’t get out. Luckily, Ma was able to run out. He 5 (knock) other people’s doors and stopped a car. Then he asked the driver 6 (call) firemen. The firemen arrived in just a few minutes. They saved Ma’s father and two 7 (woman) on the fourth floor. In the end, all 18 people in 8 building were safe. Ma’s father was proud of him. “He did some training about fire at school 9 he knew what to do. He was much 10 (calm) than I was. ” 【答案】1．at 2．was sleeping 3．quickly 4．his 5．knocked 6．to call 7．women 8．the 9．so 10．calmer 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一个九岁的男孩马文博在火灾中救了他的家人和隔壁的人的故事。 1．句意：我在晚上十点左右注意到奇怪的气味。表示“在晚上”用介词短语at night。故填at。 2．句意：当我打开门时，我爸爸正在睡觉。根据“When I opened the door”可知，这里指爸爸正在睡觉，此处用到固定所以应用过去进行时“was/were+动词现在分词”，主语是“my father”，be动词用was，故填was sleeping。 3．句意：马的爸爸快速地起床并且跑了出去。此处要用形容词quick的副词形式quickly修饰动词短语got up，指他很快地起床。故填quickly。 4．句意：他回去拿他的手机。此处要用形容词性物主代词修饰名词phone，意为“他的手机”，he的形容词性物主代词是his。故填his。 5．句意：他敲其他人的门并拦下一辆车。根据并列谓语动词stopped可知此处要用一般过去时，knock的过去式为knocked。故填knocked。 6．句意：然后他让司机打电话给消防员。表达“让某人做某事”用ask sb. to do sth.所以此处应该填to call。故填to call。 7．句意：他们救了马的父亲和四楼的两名女性。根据前面的two可知此处要用复数，woman的复数形式为women。故填women。 8．句意：最后，这栋楼里的18个人都安全了。此处要用定冠词the表示特指，特指“这栋楼”。故填the。 9．句意：他在学校做了一些关于火灾的训练，所以他知道做什么。此处前后两个句子是因果关系，应用连词so。故填so。 10．句意：他比我冷静多了。根据句子中的than，可知此处要用比较级。calm的比较级为calmer。故填calmer。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $