专题12 八年级下册Unit5 Looking into nature 课内解析篇-八年级英语新教材外研版

专题12 八年级下册Unit5 Looking into nature 课内解析篇 课文解析1 Understanding ideas Secrets caught in time 1 Imagine a dinosaur in an ancient forest. It is running around looking for its next meal. With an angry cry, it opens its mouth, raises its beautiful feather-covered arms, and... 2 Wait, feathers on a dinosaur? For hundreds of years, people believed that dinosaurs looked like huge lizards. Just look at all those dinosaurs in books, films and TV shows! However, thanks to a piece of amber, scientists now know that this idea is wrong. In the amber from Southeast Asia, they found the tail of a dinosaur - with feathers. 3 These beautiful golden stones quietly keep pieces of the past. They can tell us whether dinosaurs had feathers, but that's not all. They also help us understand that life on earth has always changed. A piece of amber from Northern Europe, for example, holds a flower. This species no longer grows in this area. But the find proves that it did 35 million years ago. In the future, amber may also help us discover if other species have changed over time. 4 Thanks to amber, more than 300 unknown species have been discovered. In a piece of amber from Africa, scientists found 13 ants. Research shows that they are a completely new species. Scientists used to believe that ants came from the northern half of the earth. The discovery of this African species has changed old beliefs about the history of ants. Who knows whether this piece of amber will tell us more secrets? 5 As a window on the past, amber has been much studied. However, it's still not fully understood. We should put more effort into research. Then we can use this key to unlock more secrets of nature. 1 想象一只恐龙在古老的森林里。它四处奔跑寻找下一顿美餐。愤怒地发出一声咆哮，张开嘴，举起它那双覆盖着美丽羽毛的双臂，然后…… 2 等一下，恐龙身上长羽毛？数百年来，人们一直认为恐龙长着巨型蜥蜴的外形。看看书籍、电影和电视剧里那些恐龙形象就知道了！然而，多亏了一块琥珀，科学家们现在发现这个观点是错误的。在东南亚的琥珀中，他们发现了一条长有羽毛的恐龙尾巴。 3这些美丽的金黄色琥珀静静地保存着过去的片段。它们不仅能告诉我们恐龙是否长有羽毛，还能帮助我们理解地球上的生命始终处于变化之中。例如，一块来自北欧的琥珀中保存着一朵花，该物种现已不再生长于该地区，但这一发现证明其在3500万年前曾在此生长。未来，琥珀或许还能帮助我们探究其他物种是否随时间发生了变化。 4 柴火虫琥珀的发现，让科学家们解锁了300多个未知物种。在非洲发现的一块琥珀中，科研人员意外发现了13只蚂蚁。研究表明这些蚂蚁属于全新物种。过去人们普遍认为蚂蚁起源于地球北半球，而非洲新物种的发现彻底颠覆了这一认知。这颗琥珀是否还藏着更多未解之谜？ 5 作为窥探远古的窗口，琥珀虽经深入研究，但其奥秘仍未完全破解。我们需要加大科研投入，用这把钥匙继续揭开自然界的神秘面纱。 1. It is running around looking for its next meal. 它正在四处寻找下一顿食物。（教材P68） look for, find与find out look for 意为“寻找”，强调“寻找”这一动作，但不一定能找到。 find 意为“找到；发现”，强调“找到”这一结果。 find out 意为“查明，弄清（情况）”，指通过观察、调查或研究等查明真相、事实。 I looked my pen everywhere, but I couldn’t it. I want to find who took it away. 我到处找我的钢笔，但没找到。我想弄清楚是谁拿走了它。 2.They can tell us whether dinosaurs had feathers, but that’s not all. 它们能告诉我们恐龙是否有羽毛，但不仅如此。（教材P69） whether /ˈweð ə/ conj.是否 ［连词］用于表示选择或对某事不确定，常用来引导宾语从句，有时可与if互换；whether可以和动词不定式或or not连用。 —Most of us don’t know we will have a picnic this weekend. 我们大多数人都不知道这个周末是否会去野餐。 —Our teachers haven’t decided whether to go or not. 我们的老师还没有决定去还是不去。#1.2 拓展［连词］不管……（还是），或者……（或者） 常与or （not）连用，引导让步状语从句。 you are a student or a teacher, running is a great way to keep fit. 不管你是学生还是老师，跑步都是保持健康的好方法。 3.This species no longer grows in this area.这个物种不再在这个区域生长。（教材P69） no longer（相当于not...any longer）不再 常用于系动词be、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前。 Thanks to the government and workers’ efforts, pandas are endangered now.多亏政府和工作人员的努力，大熊猫现在不再处于濒危状态。 The doctor told her she could play basketball. = The doctor told her she couldn’t play basketball any longer. 医生告诉她她再也无法打篮球了 4.Scientists used to believe that ants came from the northern half of the earth. 科学家们过去认为，蚂蚁来自地球的北半球。（教材P69） used to 过去经常（做） 表示过去一度存在或经常发生，但现在已经不存在的动作或状态，其后接动词原形，且不与具体的过去时间状语连用。used to的否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to (usedn’t to)。 We used talk about everything. 我们曾经无话不谈。 He use to wear glasses. = He usedn’t to wear glasses. 他过去不戴眼镜。 be used to do sth. 表示“被用来做某事”，相当于be used for doing sth.。 be/get used to doing  sth. 表示“习惯于做某事”。 The knife is used to fruit. = The knife is used for cutting fruit. 这把刀是用来切水果的。 People should get used to by public transportation. 人们应该习惯于乘坐公共交通工具出行。 5.The discovery of this African species has changed old beliefs about the history of ants. 这一非洲物种的发现改变了人们对蚂蚁历史的旧有观念。（教材P69） （1）African /ˈæfrɪkən/ adj.非洲的，非洲人的 The elephant is the largest land animal on Earth. 非洲象是地球上最大的陆生动物。 （1）African［可数名词］非洲人其复数形式是Africans。 Those will come to China next year. 那些非洲人明年会来中国。 （2）Africa［名词］非洲 I used to teach English as a volunteer in . 我曾经作为志愿者在非洲教英语。 Do you know the pyramids in ? If you go to see them, you may meet many . They will show you some dances. 你知道非洲的金字塔吗？如果你去参观金字塔，你可能会遇到很多非洲人。他们会向你展示一些非洲舞蹈。 （2）belief /bɪˈli:f/ n.观点 There is a general that things will soon get better. 大家普遍认为情况很快就会好转。 A.［不可数名词］信心；信任 When you get something wrong, it can shake your in yourself. 如果有什么事情没做好，就会动摇你对自己的信心。 ［可数名词］信仰 The people still follow their traditional . 那些人仍然遵循传统的信仰。 B.与belief相关的词： 随堂训练 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Shanxi, a province that lies in the ___________ (north) part of China, is a land rich in history, culture, and beautiful views. 2.Let’s go to the zoo. There are some new animals from some ____________ (Africa) countries. 3.Last night I had an ____________(argue) with my elder brother. Later I said sorry to him. 4.Make sure you are __________(full) meeting all the plant’s needs. 二.从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空,使句子完整、连贯 unlock　alive　newspaper　style 1.My grandfather keeps a habit of reading books and _______________ every day. 2.This pair of running shoes is not the __________ I like. Please show me another pair. 3.Most live like other New Zealanders, but they are keeping the Maori language and tradition __________. 4.This science magazine is very useful and it helps more children to ___________ some secrets of nature. 三.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词 1.当旧的机器人不能再运行时,团队甚至可以使用新的机器人。 Teams could even use new robots when the old ones could _______ ___________ run. 2.我过去常常认为外国人不会理解我们的茶文化,但他们却深爱着它。 I _________ _______ think foreigners wouldn’t understand our tea culture, but they love it deeply. 3.多亏了李颖,越来越多年轻的女孩爱上了足球。 ___________ _______ Li Ying, more and more young girls fall in love with soccer. 4.我不知道他是否会来参加我的生日聚会。 I don't know ____________ or not _______ _________ come to my birthday party. 5.我们不完全了解大脑是怎样构成的。 We do not _________ ______________ how the brain is formed. 6.很多人总是在寻找幸福。 Many people always _________ ________ ______________. 7.学生们常常要旅行数百英里才能到这儿。 Students often travel _____________ _______ miles to get here. 课文解析2 Developing ideas Plants for life 1 Nature presents us with endless wonders. Most people get interested and ask questions. But one person took his interest all the way to the fields. He was born in the flowering season of early summer, and made plants his life. For over 70 years, he explored China to study the country's plants. This person was Wang Wencai. 2 Throughout his life, Professor Wang worked hard to research the world of plants in China. He discovered and named about 1,370 new plant species. To carry out his research, he spent years in wild mountains and forests. Once, he fell seriously ill while doing field work in Yunnan. Though he nearly died, Wang never stopped his work. He lost sight in his right eye at the age of 83. But he didn't let anybody know. With a magnifier in hand, he still carried on with his researches for another 10 years. 3 Despite his huge success, Wang seldom thought about personal honour or wealth. Although he received the First Class Award of National Natural Science Awards twice, he hardly mentioned it. For him, the award belonged to the team, and he was just doing his job. In fact, Wang was always quiet about his achievements. He was such a great scientist. But for a long time, even his granddaughter had no idea. 4 Plants grow and sleep with the seasons. So did Professor Wang. He passed away at the age of 96 with the falling leaves of autumn. When people came to say goodbye, they didn't hear any sad notes. Instead, they got to listen to Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony. This was Wang's favourite piece of music. It softly told people about his lifelong exploration and love of nature. 1.Nature presents us with endless wonders. 大自然为我们呈现出无数的奇观。（教材P76） endless /ˈendləs/ adj.无数的，无限的 由“end（n.末尾）+-less”构成，指在空间、时间或数量上的持续。 I love this country. People here seemed to have energy. 我爱这个国家，这里的人们似乎有用不完的精力。 The possibilities are , so we should make good preparation. 存在着无限的可能性，所以我们应做好充分的准备。 也形容感觉上不会结束的，通常带有负面情绪，表示令人厌倦。 The meeting seemed . 这个会议好像没完没了。 2.But one person took his interest all the way to the fields. 但有个人将这一兴趣全部倾注于田野之间。（教材P76） all the way完全地；无保留地；一路上；自始至终 I agree with you the way on this plan. 在这个计划上，我完全同意你的看法。 I kept thinking about the problem the way along the trip. 整个旅途中，我一直在思考这个问题。 He stayed by his mother’s side the way during her illness. 在他妈妈生病期间，他一直陪在身边。 3.For over 70 years, he explored China to study the country’s plants. 70多年来，他走遍中国，研究中国的植物。（教材P76） country /ˈkʌntri/ n.国，国家 ［可数名词］复数形式为countries。 How many are there in Asia? 亚洲有多少个国家？ 拓展 the country“乡村；乡下”，相当于the countryside。（不能省略） I want to live in the with my grandma. 我想和我的奶奶住在乡下。 4.To carry out his research, he spent years in wild mountains and forests. 为了开展研究，他在山区和森林 中度过了多年的时光。（教材P76） carry out 进行；推行 carry out含有“按照某个要求或准则进行”的意思。 其宾语往往是表示工作、活动、职责、命令等的词。 carry out 还常意为“履行；实施；完成（任务）”。 Li Hua’s study group carried an experiment to model the greenhouse effect. 李华的学习小组进行了一项实验，以模拟温室效应。 Make sure you have prepared everything well before you out the plan．确保你在实施计划之前已经做好了一切准备。 5.Once, he fell seriously ill while doing field work in Yunnan. 有一次，他在云南进行野外工作时得了重病。（教材P76） 【句式分析】本句中while引导的时间状语从句中省略了主语 he 和 be 动词 was，完整表达为 while he was doing field work in Yunnan。 fall（过去式为fell, 过去分词为fallen） ill生病此处fall用作不及物动词，表示“进入（某状态）”，常见的还有 fall asleep“入睡”。 He ill last month and had to stay in bed. 他上个月生病了，不得不卧床休息。 He was so tired and fell on the sofa. 他太累了，在沙发上睡着了。 6.He lost sight in his right eye at the age of 83. 83岁时，他的右眼失明了。（教材P76） sight /saɪt/ n.视力，视觉 ［不可数名词］视力 lose sight失去视力 She has very good . 她的视力很好。 He lost his six years ago. 六年前他失明了。 拓展［可数名词］名胜；风景 We’re going to Paris for the weekend to see the . 我们打算去巴黎过周末，参观那里的名胜。 Let’s go to Tianjin Radio and Television Tower to enjoy the beautiful . 我们一起去天津广播电视塔欣赏美景吧。 7.But he didn’t let anybody know. 但他没有告诉任何人。（教材P76） anybody /ˈeniˌbɒdi/ pron.任何人 ［复合不定代词］与 anyone 同义。 （1）多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，表示“有人；任何人”。用于肯定句中，表示“随便哪个人”。#1.1 Did hear of such a thing? 有人听说过这样的事吗?（疑问句） He didn’t want to team up with . 他不想与任何人合作。（否定句） If comes, ask him to wait. 要是有人来，让他先等着。（条件句） can see that it’s wrong. 随便哪个人都可以看出这是错的。（肯定句） （2）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Is here?（这儿）有人吗？ 8.Despite his huge success, Wang seldom thought about personal honour or wealth. 虽然成就斐然，王文 采却很少考虑个人荣誉与财富。 wealth /welθ/ n.财富 [不可数名词] 其形容词形式为wealthy“富裕的；富有的”。the wealthy 意为“富人；有钱人”。 Red means good luck and happiness, green means health, and yellow means . 红色意味着好运和幸福，绿色意味着健康，黄色意味着财富。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富有和聪明。 ——Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林 The gave from their excess, but she gave all she had. 有钱人给出的只是他们多余的一部分，但是她付出的却是全部。 拓展wealth［名词］大量；众多 a wealth of...大量/许多…… We can get a of information on the internet.我们可以在网上得到大量信息。 9.Although he received the First Class Award of National Natural Science Awards twice, he hardly mentioned it. 尽管他两次获得国家自然科学奖一等奖，但他几乎从不提及。（教材P77） hardly /ˈhɑ:dli/ adv.几乎不 表示否定含义。常用于实义动词之前，系动词be、情态动词或助动词之后。 The shy girl talked to people in social activities. 这个害羞的女孩几乎不在社交活动中与人交谈。 He could believe his eyes. 他几乎不敢相信自己的眼睛。 【特别提醒】 hardly 本身表示否定含义，不应与 not 或其他否定词连用，可与 any 连用。 There’s hardly any milk. 几乎没有牛奶了。 There’s hardly no milk.（×） 辨析hardly与hard hardly 副词 “几乎不”，表示否定含义 hard 副词 努力地；猛烈地 形容词 困难的；坚硬的 10.For him, the award belonged to the team, and he was just doing his job. 对他而言，这份荣誉属于团队，自己只是在做好本职工作。（教材P77） belong to属于 后接表示“人”的名词或人称代词的宾格形式。后接团体或组织时，意为“是……的成员”。 Success to the hard-working people in the end. 成功最终属于努力的人。 I to the tennis club. 我是这个网球俱乐部的成员。 拓展“belong to+名词/人称代词宾格”通常可与“be+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”进行同义转换。 The hat belongs to me. = The hat is mine. 这顶帽子是我的。 11.He was such a great scientist. 他是一位如此伟大的科学家。（教材P77） such a/an +adj.+可数名词单数 表示“一个如此/非常……的……”，强调程度。 You got an A again. You’re a good learner（也可表示为so good a learner）!你又一次得了A，你是一个非常棒的学习者! 拓展such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词 It’s a pity to waste delicious food. 浪费这么好吃的食物真是可惜。 12.So did Professor Wang. 王教授的一生亦是如此。（教材P77） so + 助动词/情态动词/be动词 + 主语 该结构是倒装结构，意为“……也一样”，表示前面所述的肯定情况也适用于本句主语。 【特别提醒】 使用该结构时要注意两点：①前后两个句子的主语不同；②be动词、助动词、情态动词在时态上要和前句的谓语动词保持一致，在数上要与本句主语保持一致。 Daming is good at maths, and so I. 大明擅长数学，我也是。 Tina likes reading books, and so I. 蒂娜喜欢读书，我也是。 拓展（1）“So+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词.”意为“的确如此”，表示赞同前者的说法或观点，前后两个句子的主语是同一个人或物。 —Judy practices her oral English hard every day. 朱迪每天努力练习英语口语。 —So she .的确如此。 （2）“Neither/Nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语.”意为“……也不是”，表示前面所述的否定情况也适用于本句主语，其具体用法同“So+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语.”。 Jim hasn’t been to Australia and neither I. 吉姆没有去过澳大利亚，我也没去过。 13.He passed away at the age of 96 with the falling leaves of autumn. 96岁那年，他伴着秋日的落叶与世长 辞。（教材P77） pass away去世（委婉说法） His grandpa away last year. 他的祖父去年过世了。 拓展 还可意为“消失,消逝”。 All the trouble will away. 所有的麻烦都将消失。 14.Instead, they got to listen to Beethoven’s Pastoral Symphony. 相反，他们听到的是贝多芬的《田园交响曲》。（教材P77） （1）instead adv. 而不是 辨析instead of与instead instead of 介词短语，意为“代替；而不是”。 可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 instead 副词，意为“代替； 反而”。 可置于句首或句末。置于句首时，其后常用逗号与后面的部分隔开。 When you go shopping, use cloth bags plastic bags. 当你购物时，使用布袋，而不是塑料袋。 Mum, you’re too tired. Let me sweep the floor . 妈妈，你太累了，让我来扫地吧。 They didn’t go hiking. , they went to the beach. 他们没有去远足，而是去了沙滩。 （2）get to do sth.有机会做某事 We got to meet the famous scientist at the meeting last week.上周我们在会上有幸见到了那位著名的科学家。 还可表示“逐渐具备做某事的能力”，常与 “learn”“know”“understand”等表示“认知、能力”的动词搭配。 As you live in the city longer, you get to know the local culture better. 你在这座城市住得越久，就会越了解当地文化。 随堂训练 一.单项选择 1.The man is very rich and he is afraid that he may lose his one day. A.wealth　　　 B.fame　　　 C.energy　　　 D.time 2.She had weak lungs (肺) and could breathe. A.always　　     B.hardly　　　 C.clearly　　　 D.usually 3.—Who cooked the hot dry noodles for you? They’re delicious. — . I learned to cook them by myself on the Internet. A.Everybody　 B.Somebody C.Nobody 4.—Whose bag is this? —I think it Mike. This bag is blue and he likes blue best. A.belongs to　　 B.agrees with C.waits for　　 D.talks about 围绕.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词 1.他很虚弱,不能做那么累人的任务。 He was very weak and he couldn’t _________ _______ such a tiring task. 2.休息一会儿后,他们不得不继续他们的研究。 After resting for a while, they had to ____________ ______ _________ their research. 3.我的哥哥昨天没有去上学,因为他生病了。 My older brother didn’t go to school because he ____________ ______ yesterday. 三．任务型阅读 （24-25八年级下·天津·期末） The most common illness in the world is the cold. It often starts with a sore throat (咽部疼痛). You sneeze (打喷嚏) and your nose runs. You usually have a headache, too. Often you have a cough later. It’s not serious, but you can feel quite bad. There isn’t good medicine for a cold, but you can take some medicine to make you feel better. It is good to rest, and to drink a lot of water, too. A doctor once told me, “With the right medicine, a cold will last for seven days. With no medicine, it will go on for a whole week!” Where does our medicine come from? A long time ago, people found that some plants made them feel better. They ate leaves, fruits or other parts of plants. We know the juice of lemons makes a sore throat feel better. In modern times, scientists have studied many plants, and found out what chemicals (化学物质) are in them. Many kinds of our medicines today are made from those chemicals. There are some illnesses that we can’t treat yet. But because of modern medicine, people now live longer than their grandparents. 根据文章内容，完成下列各句。 1．The most common illness in the world is . 2．It is good to rest, and to drink when we catch a cold. 3．A cold will last for . 4．We know makes a sore throat feel better. 5．People now than their grandparents. 单词背诵 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.dinosaur /ˈdaɪnəsɔː/ n. 恐龙 2.feather /ˈfeðə/ n. 羽毛，翎 3.feather-covered /ˈfeðəˌkʌvəd/ adj. 羽毛覆盖的 4.lizard /ˈlɪzəd/ n. 蜥蜴 5.amber /ˈæmbə/ n. 琥珀 6.whether /ˈweðə/ conj. 是否（用于表示选择或对某事不确定） 7.species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ n. 物种 8.unknown /ˌʌnˈnəʊn/ adj. 不知道的，未知的 9.northern /ˈnɔːðən/ adj. 北部的 10.African /ˈæfrɪkən/ adj. 非洲的，非洲人的 11.belief /bɪˈliːf/ n. 观点 12.fully /ˈfʊli/ adv. 完全地；充分地；彻底地 13.unlock /ʌnˈlɒk/ v. 解锁 14.unlock the secrets of sth 　 揭开某事的秘密 15.finding /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/ n. 发现，（调查，研究等的）结果 16.newspaper /ˈnjuːsˌpeɪpə/ n. 报纸 17.writing /ˈraɪtɪŋ/ n. 写作，著书 18.style /staɪl/ n. 风格 19.method /ˈmeθəd/ n. 方法，办法 20.alive /əˈlaɪv/ adj. 变得兴味盎然，生动起来 21.argument /ˈɑːɡjumənt/ n. 论点，论据 22.board /bɔːd/ n. 布告牌，公告牌 23.model /ˈmɒdl/ n. 模型 24.planet /ˈplænɪt/ n. 行星 25.true /truː/ adj. 符合事实的，真的，真实的 26.clear /klɪə/ v. 清除；清理 27.upload /ʌpˈləʊd/ v. 上载，上传 28.whale /weɪl/ n. 鲸 29.boiling /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/ adj. 很热的，滚热的 30.chemical /ˈkemɪkəl/ n. 化学物质 31.react /riˈækt/ v. 起化学反应 32.endless /ˈendləs/ adj. 无数的，无限的 33.country /ˈkʌntri/ n. 国，国家 34.sight /saɪt/ n. 视力，视觉 35.anybody /ˈeniˌbɒdi/ pron. 任何人 36.magnifier /ˈmæɡnɪfaɪə/ n. 放大镜 37.wealth /welθ/ n. 财富 38.state /steɪt/ n. 国家 39.prize /praɪz/ n. 奖品，奖赏 40.hardly /ˈhɑːdli/ adv. 几乎不 41.belong /bɪˈlɒŋ/ v. 应在（某处） 42.belong to 　 属于 43.granddaughter /ˈɡrænˌdɔːtə/ n. 孙女；外孙女 44.softly /ˈsɒftli/ adv. 轻柔地，柔和地 $ 专题12 八年级下册Unit5 Looking into nature 课内解析篇 课文解析1 Understanding ideas Secrets caught in time 1 Imagine a dinosaur in an ancient forest. It is running around looking for its next meal. With an angry cry, it opens its mouth, raises its beautiful feather-covered arms, and... 2 Wait, feathers on a dinosaur? For hundreds of years, people believed that dinosaurs looked like huge lizards. Just look at all those dinosaurs in books, films and TV shows! However, thanks to a piece of amber, scientists now know that this idea is wrong. In the amber from Southeast Asia, they found the tail of a dinosaur - with feathers. 3 These beautiful golden stones quietly keep pieces of the past. They can tell us whether dinosaurs had feathers, but that's not all. They also help us understand that life on earth has always changed. A piece of amber from Northern Europe, for example, holds a flower. This species no longer grows in this area. But the find proves that it did 35 million years ago. In the future, amber may also help us discover if other species have changed over time. 4 Thanks to amber, more than 300 unknown species have been discovered. In a piece of amber from Africa, scientists found 13 ants. Research shows that they are a completely new species. Scientists used to believe that ants came from the northern half of the earth. The discovery of this African species has changed old beliefs about the history of ants. Who knows whether this piece of amber will tell us more secrets? 5 As a window on the past, amber has been much studied. However, it's still not fully understood. We should put more effort into research. Then we can use this key to unlock more secrets of nature. 1 想象一只恐龙在古老的森林里。它四处奔跑寻找下一顿美餐。愤怒地发出一声咆哮，张开嘴，举起它那双覆盖着美丽羽毛的双臂，然后…… 2 等一下，恐龙身上长羽毛？数百年来，人们一直认为恐龙长着巨型蜥蜴的外形。看看书籍、电影和电视剧里那些恐龙形象就知道了！然而，多亏了一块琥珀，科学家们现在发现这个观点是错误的。在东南亚的琥珀中，他们发现了一条长有羽毛的恐龙尾巴。 3这些美丽的金黄色琥珀静静地保存着过去的片段。它们不仅能告诉我们恐龙是否长有羽毛，还能帮助我们理解地球上的生命始终处于变化之中。例如，一块来自北欧的琥珀中保存着一朵花，该物种现已不再生长于该地区，但这一发现证明其在3500万年前曾在此生长。未来，琥珀或许还能帮助我们探究其他物种是否随时间发生了变化。 4 柴火虫琥珀的发现，让科学家们解锁了300多个未知物种。在非洲发现的一块琥珀中，科研人员意外发现了13只蚂蚁。研究表明这些蚂蚁属于全新物种。过去人们普遍认为蚂蚁起源于地球北半球，而非洲新物种的发现彻底颠覆了这一认知。这颗琥珀是否还藏着更多未解之谜？ 5 作为窥探远古的窗口，琥珀虽经深入研究，但其奥秘仍未完全破解。我们需要加大科研投入，用这把钥匙继续揭开自然界的神秘面纱。 1. It is running around looking for its next meal. 它正在四处寻找下一顿食物。（教材P68） look for, find与find out look for 意为“寻找”，强调“寻找”这一动作，但不一定能找到。 find 意为“找到；发现”，强调“找到”这一结果。 find out 意为“查明，弄清（情况）”，指通过观察、调查或研究等查明真相、事实。 I looked for my pen everywhere, but I couldn’t find it. I want to find out who took it away. 我到处找我的钢笔，但没找到。我想弄清楚是谁拿走了它。 2.They can tell us whether dinosaurs had feathers, but that’s not all. 它们能告诉我们恐龙是否有羽毛，但不仅如此。（教材P69） whether /ˈweð ə/ conj.是否 ［连词］用于表示选择或对某事不确定，常用来引导宾语从句，有时可与if互换；whether可以和动词不定式或or not连用。 —Most of us don’t know whether/if we will have a picnic this weekend. 我们大多数人都不知道这个周末是否会去野餐。 —Our teachers haven’t decided whether to go or not. 我们的老师还没有决定去还是不去。#1.2 拓展［连词］不管……（还是），或者……（或者） 常与or （not）连用，引导让步状语从句。 Whether you are a student or a teacher, running is a great way to keep fit. 不管你是学生还是老师，跑步都是保持健康的好方法。 3.This species no longer grows in this area.这个物种不再在这个区域生长。（教材P69） no longer（相当于not...any longer）不再 常用于系动词be、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前。 Thanks to the government and workers’ efforts, pandas are no longer endangered now.多亏政府和工作人员的努力，大熊猫现在不再处于濒危状态。 The doctor told her she could no longer play basketball. = The doctor told her she couldn’t play basketball any longer. 医生告诉她她再也无法打篮球了 4.Scientists used to believe that ants came from the northern half of the earth. 科学家们过去认为，蚂蚁来自地球的北半球。（教材P69） used to 过去经常（做） 表示过去一度存在或经常发生，但现在已经不存在的动作或状态，其后接动词原形，且不与具体的过去时间状语连用。used to的否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to (usedn’t to)。 We used to talk about everything. 我们曾经无话不谈。 He didn’t use to wear glasses. = He usedn’t to wear glasses. 他过去不戴眼镜。 be used to do sth. 表示“被用来做某事”，相当于be used for doing sth.。 be/get used to doing  sth. 表示“习惯于做某事”。 The knife is used to cut fruit. = The knife is used for cutting fruit. 这把刀是用来切水果的。 People should get used to travelling by public transportation. 人们应该习惯于乘坐公共交通工具出行。 5.The discovery of this African species has changed old beliefs about the history of ants. 这一非洲物种的发现改变了人们对蚂蚁历史的旧有观念。（教材P69） （1）African /ˈæfrɪkən/ adj.非洲的，非洲人的 The African elephant is the largest land animal on Earth. 非洲象是地球上最大的陆生动物。 （1）African［可数名词］非洲人其复数形式是Africans。 Those Africans will come to China next year. 那些非洲人明年会来中国。 （2）Africa［名词］非洲 I used to teach English as a volunteer in Africa. 我曾经作为志愿者在非洲教英语。 Do you know the pyramids in Africa? If you go to see them, you may meet many Africans. They will show you some African dances. 你知道非洲的金字塔吗？如果你去参观金字塔，你可能会遇到很多非洲人。他们会向 你展示一些非洲舞蹈。 （2）belief /bɪˈli:f/ n.观点 There is a general belief that things will soon get better. 大家普遍认为情况很快就会好转。 A.［不可数名词］信心；信任 When you get something wrong, it can shake your belief in yourself. 如果有什么事情没做好，就会动摇你对自己的信心。 ［可数名词］信仰 The people still follow their traditional beliefs. 那些人仍然遵循传统的信仰。 B.与belief相关的词： 随堂训练 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Shanxi, a province that lies in the ___________ (north) part of China, is a land rich in history, culture, and beautiful views. 2.Let’s go to the zoo. There are some new animals from some ____________ (Africa) countries. 3.Last night I had an ____________(argue) with my elder brother. Later I said sorry to him. 4.Make sure you are __________(full) meeting all the plant’s needs. 【答案】1.northern    2.African    3.argument    4.fully     二.从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空,使句子完整、连贯 unlock　alive　newspaper　style 1.My grandfather keeps a habit of reading books and _______________ every day. 2.This pair of running shoes is not the __________ I like. Please show me another pair. 3.Most live like other New Zealanders, but they are keeping the Maori language and tradition __________. 4.This science magazine is very useful and it helps more children to ___________ some secrets of nature. 【答案】1.newspapers    2.style    3.alive    4.unlock     三.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词 1.当旧的机器人不能再运行时,团队甚至可以使用新的机器人。 Teams could even use new robots when the old ones could _______ ___________ run. 2.我过去常常认为外国人不会理解我们的茶文化,但他们却深爱着它。 I _________ _______ think foreigners wouldn’t understand our tea culture, but they love it deeply. 3.多亏了李颖,越来越多年轻的女孩爱上了足球。 ___________ _______ Li Ying, more and more young girls fall in love with soccer. 4.我不知道他是否会来参加我的生日聚会。 I don't know ____________ or not _______ _________ come to my birthday party. 5.我们不完全了解大脑是怎样构成的。 We do not _________ ______________ how the brain is formed. 6.很多人总是在寻找幸福。 Many people always _________ ________ ______________. 7.学生们常常要旅行数百英里才能到这儿。 Students often travel _____________ _______ miles to get here. 【答案】1.no longer    2.used    to 3.Thanks    to 4.whether    he will 5.fully    understand    6.look for happiness     7.hundreds    of 课文解析2 Developing ideas Plants for life 1 Nature presents us with endless wonders. Most people get interested and ask questions. But one person took his interest all the way to the fields. He was born in the flowering season of early summer, and made plants his life. For over 70 years, he explored China to study the country's plants. This person was Wang Wencai. 2 Throughout his life, Professor Wang worked hard to research the world of plants in China. He discovered and named about 1,370 new plant species. To carry out his research, he spent years in wild mountains and forests. Once, he fell seriously ill while doing field work in Yunnan. Though he nearly died, Wang never stopped his work. He lost sight in his right eye at the age of 83. But he didn't let anybody know. With a magnifier in hand, he still carried on with his researches for another 10 years. 3 Despite his huge success, Wang seldom thought about personal honour or wealth. Although he received the First Class Award of National Natural Science Awards twice, he hardly mentioned it. For him, the award belonged to the team, and he was just doing his job. In fact, Wang was always quiet about his achievements. He was such a great scientist. But for a long time, even his granddaughter had no idea. 4 Plants grow and sleep with the seasons. So did Professor Wang. He passed away at the age of 96 with the falling leaves of autumn. When people came to say goodbye, they didn't hear any sad notes. Instead, they got to listen to Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony. This was Wang's favourite piece of music. It softly told people about his lifelong exploration and love of nature. 1.Nature presents us with endless wonders. 大自然为我们呈现出无数的奇观。（教材P76） endless /ˈendləs/ adj.无数的，无限的 由“end（n.末尾）+-less”构成，指在空间、时间或数量上的持续。 I love this country. People here seemed to have endless energy. 我爱这个国家，这里的人们似乎有用不完的精力。 The possibilities are endless, so we should make good preparation. 存在着无限的可能性，所以我们应做好充分的准备。 也形容感觉上不会结束的，通常带有负面情绪，表示令人厌倦。 The meeting seemed endless. 这个会议好像没完没了。 2.But one person took his interest all the way to the fields. 但有个人将这一兴趣全部倾注于田野之间。（教材P76） all the way完全地；无保留地；一路上；自始至终 I agree with you all the way on this plan. 在这个计划上，我完全同意你的看法。 I kept thinking about the problem all the way along the trip. 整个旅途中，我一直在思考这个问题。 He stayed by his mother’s side all the way during her illness. 在他妈妈生病期间，他一直陪在身边。 3.For over 70 years, he explored China to study the country’s plants. 70多年来，他走遍中国，研究中国的植物。（教材P76） country /ˈkʌntri/ n.国，国家 ［可数名词］复数形式为countries。 How many countries are there in Asia? 亚洲有多少个国家？ 拓展 the country“乡村；乡下”，相当于the countryside。（不能省略） I want to live in the country with my grandma. 我想和我的奶奶住在乡下。 4.To carry out his research, he spent years in wild mountains and forests. 为了开展研究，他在山区和森林 中度过了多年的时光。（教材P76） carry out 进行；推行 carry out含有“按照某个要求或准则进行”的意思。 其宾语往往是表示工作、活动、职责、命令等的词。 carry out 还常意为“履行；实施；完成（任务）”。 Li Hua’s study group carried out an experiment to model the greenhouse effect. 李华的学习小组进行了一项实验，以模拟温室效应。 Make sure you have prepared everything well before you carry out the plan．确保你在实施计划之前已经做好了一切准备。 5.Once, he fell seriously ill while doing field work in Yunnan. 有一次，他在云南进行野外工作时得了重病。（教材P76） 【句式分析】本句中while引导的时间状语从句中省略了主语 he 和 be 动词 was，完整表达为 while he was doing field work in Yunnan。 fall（过去式为fell, 过去分词为fallen） ill生病此处fall用作不及物动词，表示“进入（某状态）”，常见的还有 fall asleep“入睡”。 He fell ill last month and had to stay in bed. 他上个月生病了，不得不卧床休息。 He was so tired and fell asleep on the sofa. 他太累了，在沙发上睡着了。 6.He lost sight in his right eye at the age of 83. 83岁时，他的右眼失明了。（教材P76） sight /saɪt/ n.视力，视觉 ［不可数名词］视力 lose sight失去视力 She has very good sight. 她的视力很好。 He lost his sight six years ago. 六年前他失明了。 拓展［可数名词］名胜；风景 We’re going to Paris for the weekend to see the sights. 我们打算去巴黎过周末，参观那里的名胜。 Let’s go to Tianjin Radio and Television Tower to enjoy the beautiful sights. 我们一起去天津广播电视塔欣赏美景吧。 7.But he didn’t let anybody know. 但他没有告诉任何人。（教材P76） anybody /ˈeniˌbɒdi/ pron.任何人 ［复合不定代词］与 anyone 同义。 （1）多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，表示“有人；任何人”。用于肯定句中，表示“随便哪个人”。#1.1 Did anybody hear of such a thing? 有人听说过这样的事吗?（疑问句） He didn’t want to team up with anybody. 他不想与任何人合作。（否定句） If anybody comes, ask him to wait. 要是有人来，让他先等着。（条件句） Anybody can see that it’s wrong. 随便哪个人都可以看出这是错的。（肯定句） （2）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Is anybody here?（这儿）有人吗？ 8.Despite his huge success, Wang seldom thought about personal honour or wealth. 虽然成就斐然，王文 采却很少考虑个人荣誉与财富。 wealth /welθ/ n.财富 [不可数名词] 其形容词形式为wealthy“富裕的；富有的”。the wealthy 意为“富人；有钱人”。 Red means good luck and happiness, green means health, and yellow means wealth. 红色意味着好运和幸福，绿色意味着健康，黄色意味着财富。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富有和聪明。 ——Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林 The wealthy gave from their excess, but she gave all she had. 有钱人给出的只是他们多余的一部分，但是她付出的却是全部。 拓展wealth［名词］大量；众多 a wealth of...大量/许多…… We can get a wealth of information on the internet.我们可以在网上得到大量信息。 9.Although he received the First Class Award of National Natural Science Awards twice, he hardly mentioned it. 尽管他两次获得国家自然科学奖一等奖，但他几乎从不提及。（教材P77） hardly /ˈhɑ:dli/ adv.几乎不 表示否定含义。常用于实义动词之前，系动词be、情态动词或助动词之后。 The shy girl hardly talked to people in social activities. 这个害羞的女孩几乎不在社交活动中与人交谈。 He could hardly believe his eyes. 他几乎不敢相信自己的眼睛。 【特别提醒】 hardly 本身表示否定含义，不应与 not 或其他否定词连用，可与 any 连用。 There’s hardly any milk. 几乎没有牛奶了。 There’s hardly no milk.（×） 辨析hardly与hard hardly 副词 “几乎不”，表示否定含义 hard 副词 努力地；猛烈地 形容词 困难的；坚硬的 10.For him, the award belonged to the team, and he was just doing his job. 对他而言，这份荣誉属于团队，自己只是在做好本职工作。（教材P77） belong to属于 后接表示“人”的名词或人称代词的宾格形式。后接团体或组织时，意为“是……的成员”。 Success belongs to the hard-working people in the end. 成功最终属于努力的人。 I belong to the tennis club. 我是这个网球俱乐部的成员。 拓展“belong to+名词/人称代词宾格”通常可与“be+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”进行同义转换。 The hat belongs to me. = The hat is mine. 这顶帽子是我的。 11.He was such a great scientist. 他是一位如此伟大的科学家。（教材P77） such a/an +adj.+可数名词单数 表示“一个如此/非常……的……”，强调程度。 You got an A again. You’re such a good learner（也可表示为so good a learner）!你又一次得了A，你是 一个非常棒的学习者! 拓展such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词 It’s a pity to waste such delicious food. 浪费这么好吃的食物真是可惜。 12.So did Professor Wang. 王教授的一生亦是如此。（教材P77） so + 助动词/情态动词/be动词 + 主语 该结构是倒装结构，意为“……也一样”，表示前面所述的肯定情况也适用于本句主语。 【特别提醒】 使用该结构时要注意两点：①前后两个句子的主语不同；②be动词、助动词、情态动词在时态上要和前句的谓语动词保持一致，在数上要与本句主语保持一致。 Daming is good at maths, and so am I. 大明擅长数学，我也是。 Tina likes reading books, and so do I. 蒂娜喜欢读书，我也是。 拓展（1）“So+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词.”意为“的确如此”，表示赞同前者的说法或观点，前后两个句子的主语是同一个人或物。 —Judy practices her oral English hard every day. 朱迪每天努力练习英语口语。 —So she does.的确如此。 （2）“Neither/Nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语.”意为“……也不是”，表示前面所述的否定情况也适用于本句主语，其具体用法同“So+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语.”。 Jim hasn’t been to Australia and neither have I. 吉姆没有去过澳大利亚，我也没去过。 13.He passed away at the age of 96 with the falling leaves of autumn. 96岁那年，他伴着秋日的落叶与世长 辞。（教材P77） pass away去世（委婉说法） His grandpa passed away last year. 他的祖父去年过世了。 拓展 还可意为“消失,消逝”。 All the trouble will pass away. 所有的麻烦都将消失。 14.Instead, they got to listen to Beethoven’s Pastoral Symphony. 相反，他们听到的是贝多芬的《田园交响曲》。（教材P77） （1）instead adv. 而不是 辨析instead of与instead instead of 介词短语，意为“代替；而不是”。 可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 instead 副词，意为“代替； 反而”。 可置于句首或句末。置于句首时，其后常用逗号与后面的部分隔开。 When you go shopping, use cloth bags instead of plastic bags. 当你购物时，使用布袋，而不是塑料袋。 Mum, you’re too tired. Let me sweep the floor instead. 妈妈，你太累了，让我来扫地吧。 They didn’t go hiking. Instead, they went to the beach. 他们没有去远足，而是去了沙滩。 （2）get to do sth.有机会做某事 We got to meet the famous scientist at the meeting last week.上周我们在会上有幸见到了那位著名的科学家。 还可表示“逐渐具备做某事的能力”，常与 “learn”“know”“understand”等表示“认知、能力”的动词搭配。 As you live in the city longer, you get to know the local culture better. 你在这座城市住得越久，就会越了解当地文化。 随堂训练 一.单项选择 1.The man is very rich and he is afraid that he may lose his one day. A.wealth　　　 B.fame　　　 C.energy　　　 D.time 【答案】A解析　根据“那个男人非常富有”可知,此处表示“他担心他有一天可能会失去自己的财富”,wealth符合题意。 2.She had weak lungs (肺) and could breathe. A.always　　     B.hardly　　　 C.clearly　　　 D.usually 【答案】B解析　根据“她肺部虚弱”可知,此处表示“她几乎无法呼吸”,hardly符合题意。 3.—Who cooked the hot dry noodles for you? They’re delicious. — . I learned to cook them by myself on the Internet. A.Everybody　 B.Somebody C.Nobody 【答案】C解析　根据“我在网上自学”可知,此处表示“没有人(为我做热干面)”,Nobody符合题意。 4.—Whose bag is this? —I think it Mike. This bag is blue and he likes blue best. A.belongs to　　 B.agrees with C.waits for　　 D.talks about 【答案】A解析　根据“这个包是蓝色的,他最喜欢蓝色”可知,此处表示“我认为它属于Mike”,belongs to符合题意。 围绕.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词 1.他很虚弱,不能做那么累人的任务。 He was very weak and he couldn’t _________ _______ such a tiring task. 2.休息一会儿后,他们不得不继续他们的研究。 After resting for a while, they had to ____________ ______ _________ their research. 3.我的哥哥昨天没有去上学,因为他生病了。 My older brother didn’t go to school because he ____________ ______ yesterday. 【答案】1.carry out 2.go/carry on with 3.was/fell   ill 三．任务型阅读 （24-25八年级下·天津·期末） The most common illness in the world is the cold. It often starts with a sore throat (咽部疼痛). You sneeze (打喷嚏) and your nose runs. You usually have a headache, too. Often you have a cough later. It’s not serious, but you can feel quite bad. There isn’t good medicine for a cold, but you can take some medicine to make you feel better. It is good to rest, and to drink a lot of water, too. A doctor once told me, “With the right medicine, a cold will last for seven days. With no medicine, it will go on for a whole week!” Where does our medicine come from? A long time ago, people found that some plants made them feel better. They ate leaves, fruits or other parts of plants. We know the juice of lemons makes a sore throat feel better. In modern times, scientists have studied many plants, and found out what chemicals (化学物质) are in them. Many kinds of our medicines today are made from those chemicals. There are some illnesses that we can’t treat yet. But because of modern medicine, people now live longer than their grandparents. 根据文章内容，完成下列各句。 1．The most common illness in the world is . 2．It is good to rest, and to drink when we catch a cold. 3．A cold will last for . 4．We know makes a sore throat feel better. 5．People now than their grandparents. 【答案】1．the cold 2．a lot of water 3．seven days/a whole week 4．the juice of lemons 5．live longer 【导语】本文主要讲述了感冒的症状和治疗方法，以及现代医学的发展和药物的来源。 1．根据“The most common illness in the world is the cold.”可知，世界上最常见的疾病是感冒，故填the cold。 2．根据“It is good to rest, and to drink a lot of water, too.”可知，得了感冒休息一下，多喝些水是有好处的，故填a lot of water。 3．根据“With the right medicine, a cold will last for seven days. With no medicine, it will go on for a whole week!”可知，感冒吃不吃药都要持续七天，即一周，故填seven days/a whole week。 4．根据“We know the juice of lemons makes a sore throat feel better.”可知，柠檬汁能使得喉咙痛感觉好些，故填the juice of lemons。 5．根据“people now live longer than their grandparents”可知，现在人们比起他们的祖父母活的时间更长，故填live longer。 单词背诵 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.dinosaur /ˈdaɪnəsɔː/ n. 恐龙 2.feather /ˈfeðə/ n. 羽毛，翎 3.feather-covered /ˈfeðəˌkʌvəd/ adj. 羽毛覆盖的 4.lizard /ˈlɪzəd/ n. 蜥蜴 5.amber /ˈæmbə/ n. 琥珀 6.whether /ˈweðə/ conj. 是否（用于表示选择或对某事不确定） 7.species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ n. 物种 8.unknown /ˌʌnˈnəʊn/ adj. 不知道的，未知的 9.northern /ˈnɔːðən/ adj. 北部的 10.African /ˈæfrɪkən/ adj. 非洲的，非洲人的 11.belief /bɪˈliːf/ n. 观点 12.fully /ˈfʊli/ adv. 完全地；充分地；彻底地 13.unlock /ʌnˈlɒk/ v. 解锁 14.unlock the secrets of sth 　 揭开某事的秘密 15.finding /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/ n. 发现，（调查，研究等的）结果 16.newspaper /ˈnjuːsˌpeɪpə/ n. 报纸 17.writing /ˈraɪtɪŋ/ n. 写作，著书 18.style /staɪl/ n. 风格 19.method /ˈmeθəd/ n. 方法，办法 20.alive /əˈlaɪv/ adj. 变得兴味盎然，生动起来 21.argument /ˈɑːɡjumənt/ n. 论点，论据 22.board /bɔːd/ n. 布告牌，公告牌 23.model /ˈmɒdl/ n. 模型 24.planet /ˈplænɪt/ n. 行星 25.true /truː/ adj. 符合事实的，真的，真实的 26.clear /klɪə/ v. 清除；清理 27.upload /ʌpˈləʊd/ v. 上载，上传 28.whale /weɪl/ n. 鲸 29.boiling /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/ adj. 很热的，滚热的 30.chemical /ˈkemɪkəl/ n. 化学物质 31.react /riˈækt/ v. 起化学反应 32.endless /ˈendləs/ adj. 无数的，无限的 33.country /ˈkʌntri/ n. 国，国家 34.sight /saɪt/ n. 视力，视觉 35.anybody /ˈeniˌbɒdi/ pron. 任何人 36.magnifier /ˈmæɡnɪfaɪə/ n. 放大镜 37.wealth /welθ/ n. 财富 38.state /steɪt/ n. 国家 39.prize /praɪz/ n. 奖品，奖赏 40.hardly /ˈhɑːdli/ adv. 几乎不 41.belong /bɪˈlɒŋ/ v. 应在（某处） 42.belong to 　 属于 43.granddaughter /ˈɡrænˌdɔːtə/ n. 孙女；外孙女 44.softly /ˈsɒftli/ adv. 轻柔地，柔和地 $