外研版八年级下册英语 Unit 5 Looking into nature 知识清单(背诵版+默写版)

2026-06-25
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语外研版八年级下册
年级 八年级
章节 Unit 5 Looking into nature
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-新授课
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 114 KB
发布时间 2026-06-25
更新时间 2026-06-25
作者 小白博士爱学习
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-06-25
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/58497202.html
价格 3.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了外研版八年级下册Unit 5“Looking into nature”的核心知识体系。从核心词汇(含课文例句、拓展用法及易错点)出发,到核心短语(必背短语与易错辨析),再到核心句型(宾语从句的类型、结构及时态规则),最终延伸至写作指导(单元话题、高分句式、参考范文及万能模板),形成从基础积累到综合应用的完整学习支架。 知识链路按照“词汇—短语—句型—写作”的逻辑层层递进,每个模块均结合课文语境强化理解。词汇短语突出易错点辨析,句型部分通过结构解析与仿写培养思维品质,写作指导提供可直接套用的模板与范文,有效提升学生语言能力和自主学习效率,助力构建系统的知识框架与灵活的语言运用能力。

内容正文:

外研版八年级下册英语 Unit 5 Looking into nature 知识清单背诵版 目录 一、核心词汇 2 二、核心短语 5 (一)必背短语 5 (二)易错短语辨析 6 三、核心句型 6 (一)重点句型 7 (二)易错提醒 8 四、写作指导 8 (一)单元核心话题 8 (二)高分句式与词组 8 (三)参考范文 10 (四)万能模板 11 一、核心词汇 1.whether /ˈweðə(r)/ conj. 是否 课文例句:They can tell us whether dinosaurs had feathers, but that’s not all. (它们能告诉我们恐龙是否有羽毛,但这还不是全部。) 拓展例句:I don’t know whether he will come or not tomorrow. (我不知道他明天是否会来。) 易错点:与if用法辨析(详见语法部分),引导宾语从句时可互换,但与or not连用时只能用whether;位于句首引导主语从句时也只能用whether。 2. unknown /ˌʌnˈnəʊn/ adj. 不知道的,未知的 课文例句:Thanks to amber, more than 300 unknown species have been discovered. (多亏了琥玀,300多种未知物种被发现了。) 搭配:unknown species(未知物种);unknown place(未知的地方);the unknown(n. 未知的事物) 易错点:前缀un-表否定,对应词known(adj. 已知的),注意拼写,不要漏写un-。 3.fully /ˈfʊli/ adv. 完全地;充分地;彻底地 课文例句:However, it’s still not fully understood. (然而,它仍然没有被完全理解。) 对应词:full(adj. 满的;完全的),单元关联词汇,常用搭配be full of(充满……)。 用法:修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,在句中作状语,如fully understand(完全理解)、fully realize(充分意识到)。 3. unlock /ʌnˈlɒk/ v. 解锁;揭开 课文例句:Then we can use this key to unlock more secrets of nature. (然后我们可以用这把钥匙来揭开更多大自然的秘密。) 拓展例句:Scientists are trying to unlock the secrets of the universe. (科学家们正努力揭开宇宙的秘密。) 搭配:unlock the secrets of sth(揭开某事的秘密);unlock a door(开门锁) 易错点:前缀un-表否定,对应词lock(v. 锁上),注意发音(重音在第二音节)和拼写。 5.finding /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/ n. 发现,(调查、研究等的)结果 课文例句:But the finding proves that it did 35 million years ago. (但这一发现证明,3500万年前这里确实有这种花生长。) 搭配:scientific findings(科学发现);research findings(研究结果);a surprising finding(一个惊人的发现) 易错点:词性辨析,find(v. 找到)→ finding(n. 发现),复数形式findings(侧重“多项发现/研究结果”)。 6.true /truː/ adj. 符合事实的,真的,真实的 课文例句:In 2006, scientists agreed that Pluto was not a true planet. (2006年,科学家们一致认为冖王星不是一颗真正的行星。) 搭配:true friend(真正的朋友);come true(实现,主语为梦想、愿望等);true to life(逼真的) 同义替换:real(adj. 真实的),辨析:true侧重“符合事实,非虚构”,real侧重“客观存在,非想象”。 7.clear /klɪə(r)/ v. 清除;清理 adj. 清楚的,明白的 课文例句:Pluto doesn’t meet the third point: can clear things in its way. (冥王星不符合第三点:能清除其运行轨道上的物体。) 搭配:clear sth(清除某物);clear up(清理;放晴);clear instructions(明确的指示) 易错点:词性辨析,作动词时表“清除”,作形容词时表“清楚的”,注意不同语境下的用法。 8.hardly /ˈhɑːdli/ adv. 几乎不 课文例句:Although he received the First Class Award of National Natural Science Awards twice, he hardly mentioned it. (尽管他两次获得国家自然科学一等奖,但他几乎从不提及此事。) 用法:否定副词,表“几乎不、几乎没有”,位于实义动词前、情态动词/助动词后,本身含否定含义,不与not连用。 补充:同义短语hardly ever(几乎从不),反义副词almost(几乎)、nearly(将近)。 9.belong /bɪˈlɒŋ/ v. 应在(某处);属于 课文例句:For him, the award belonged to the team, and he was just doing his job. (对他来说,这个奖项属于整个团队,他只是在做好自己的工作。) 拓展例句:This beautiful garden belongs to the school. (这个漂亮的花园属于这所学校。) 搭配:belong to sb/sth(属于某人/某物),固定搭配,to为介词,后接名词或代词,无被动语态,无进行时。 易错点:不能说be belonged to,正确表达为belong to。 10.dinosaur /ˈdaɪnəsɔː(r)/ n. 恐龙 课文例句:They can tell us whether dinosaurs had feathers, but that’s not all. (它们能告诉我们恐龙是否有羽毛,但这还不是全部。) 搭配:dinosaur fossils(恐龙化石);feather-covered dinosaurs(有羽毛的恐龙) 11. feather /ˈfeðə(r)/ n. 羽毛 课文例句:They can tell us whether dinosaurs had feathers, but that’s not all. (它们能告诉我们恐龙是否有羽毛,但这还不是全部。) 搭配:feather-covered(adj. 羽毛覆盖的) 12.amber /ˈæmbə(r)/ n. 琥珀 课文例句:Thanks to amber, more than 300 unknown species have been discovered. (多亏了琥珀,300多种未知物种被发现了。) 搭配:a piece of amber(一块琥珀);amber necklace(琥珀项链) 13.species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ n. 物种 课文例句:Thanks to amber, more than 300 unknown species have been discovered. (多亏了琥珀,300多种未知物种被发现了。) 易错点:单复数同形,one species / many species,不加-s。 14.belief /bɪˈliːf/ n. 观点;信仰 搭配:religious belief(宗教信仰);beyond belief(难以置信) 词性拓展:believe(v. 相信)→ belief(n. 观点;信仰),注意拼写变化:ieve → ief。 15.planet /ˈplænɪt/ n. 行星 课文例句:In 2006, scientists agreed that Pluto was not a true planet. (2006年,科学家们一致认为冖王星不是一颗真正的行星。) 搭配:the planet Earth(地球);other planets(其他行星) 16.whale /weɪl/ n. 鲸 搭配:blue whale(蓝鲸);whale watching(观鲸) 17.magnifier /ˈmæɡnɪfaɪə(r)/ n. 放大镜 课文例句:With a magnifier in hand, he still carried on with his research for another 10 years. (他手里拿着放大镜,仍然继续他的研究长达10年。) 词性拓展:magnify(v. 放大)→ magnifier(n. 放大镜),同义词magnifying glass。 二、核心短语 (一)必背短语 1. unlock the secrets of sth 揭开某事的秘密 课文例句:Then we can use this key to unlock more secrets of nature. (然后我们可以用这把钥匙来揭开更多大自然的秘密。) 拓展例句:Scientists are trying to unlock the secrets of the universe. (科学家们正努力揭开宇宙的秘密。) 拓展:unlock还可搭配door、phone等词,表“打开门锁、解锁手机”。 2. thanks to 多亏了;由于 课文例句:However, thanks to a piece of amber, scientists now know that this idea is wrong. (然而,多亏了一块琥玀,科学家们现在知道这个观点是错误的。) 用法提醒:thanks to后接名词、代词或动名词,表“正面的原因”,强调“多亏了、幸亏”,区别于because of(可表任意原因)。 3. fall upon 落在(某人)身上;降临到(某人)头上 拓展例句:The responsibility fell upon him. (责任落在了他的身上。) 拓展:fall upon还可表示“袭击、攻击”,如The enemy fell upon the village.(敌人袭击了这个村庄。) 4. belong to 属于 课文例句:For him, the award belonged to the team, and he was just doing his job. (对他来说,这个奖项属于整个团队,他只是在做好自己的工作。) 拓展例句:This beautiful garden belongs to the school. (这个漂亮的花园属于这所学校。) 易错提醒:无被动语态、无进行时,不能说is belonged to,主语通常为物,宾语为人或集体。 5. carry on with sth 继续做某事 课文例句:With a magnifier in hand, he still carried on with his research for another 10 years. (他手里拿着放大镜,仍然继续他的研究长达10年。) 拓展例句:Let’s carry on with the meeting after lunch. (午餐后我们继续开会吧。) 搭配:carry on with sth(继续做某事);carry on doing sth(继续做某事) 6. be full of 充满 课文例句:Nature is full of secrets waiting to be discovered. (大自然充满了等待被发现的秘密。) 搭配:be full of(充满……),同义短语be filled with。 7. make every effort 尽一切努力 拓展例句:We should make every effort to protect nature. (我们应该尽一切努力保护自然。) 搭配:make every effort to do sth(尽一切努力做某事),同义短语try one’s best。 (二)易错短语辨析 thanks to vs because of thanks to:多亏了(表正面原因,含感激之意) Thanks to his help, we finished the work on time.(多亏了他的帮助,我们按时完成了工作。) because of:因为(可表任意原因,中性) Because of the rain, we stayed at home.(因为下雨,我们待在了家里。) find vs finding find:v. 找到,发现(动词) I can find my book.(我能找到我的书。) finding:n. 发现,研究结果(名词) The finding surprised everyone.(这一发现让所有人惊讶。) 三、核心句型 (一)重点句型 1. that引导的宾语从句 “主句 + that + 宾语从句” 课文原句:For hundreds of years, people believed that dinosaurs looked like huge lizards. (几百年来,人们一直认为恐龙看起来像巨大的蜥蜴。) 结构解析:主句(people believed)+ that + 宾语从句(dinosaurs looked like huge lizards)。that在宾语从句中只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,口语中可省略。 仿写:Scientists proved that the earth is round. (科学家证明了地球是圆的。) 2. whether/if引导的宾语从句 “主句 + whether/if + 宾语从句” 课文原句:They can tell us whether dinosaurs had feathers, but that’s not all. (它们能告诉我们恐龙是否有羽毛,但这还不是全部。) 结构解析:whether和if引导宾语从句时多数可互换,但4种情况只能用whether:①与or not连用 ②位于句首 ③作介词宾语 ④后接to do。 仿写:I wonder if/whether he will come tomorrow. (我想知道他明天是否会来。) 3. 特殊疑问句改宾语从句(语序) “疑问词 + 陈述句语序” 课文原句:We don’t know what scientists discovered. (我们不知道科学家们发现了什么。) 结构解析:特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时,保留疑问词,后面用陈述句语序(主语+谓语),不能提前助动词。错误:We don’t know what did scientists discover. 仿写:Can you tell me where he lives? (你能告诉我他住在哪里吗?) 4. 宾语从句的时态规则 “主现从任意、主过从过、客观真理永不变” 规则一(主现从任意):主句为现在时,从句时态根据实际语境选择。 课文原句:They can tell us whether dinosaurs had feathers. (它们能告诉我们恐龙是否有羽毛。) 规则二(主过从过):主句为过去时,从句需用相应的过去时态。 课文原句:For hundreds of years, people believed that dinosaurs looked like huge lizards. (几百年来,人们一直认为恐龙看起来像巨大的蜥蜴。) 规则三(客观真理永不变):从句描述客观真理时,一律用一般现在时。 仿写:The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. (老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。) (二)易错提醒 1. 引导词误区:与or not连用、作介词宾语、后接不定式时,误用if代替whether。 2. 语序误区:特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时,仍用疑问句语序(提前助动词/情态动词),正确应为“疑问词+主语+谓语”。 3. 时态误区:主句为过去时,从句误用现在时态;描述客观真理时,从句误用过去时态。 4. 细节误区:that引导宾语从句时,口语中可省略,但正式书面语中建议保留;if/whether不可省略。 四、写作指导 (一)单元核心话题 本单元围绕“Looking into nature”(探索自然)主题,结合语篇话题(琥珀、科学家事迹、自然奇观),考查运用单元核心词汇、短语、句型(尤其是宾语从句)进行书面表达的能力。 高频写作话题示例: 1. 介绍一种自然探索的发现(如琥珀、恐龙的秘密、沸河等),描述发现的内容、意义。 2. 介绍一位热爱自然探索的科学家(如王文采),讲述他的事迹、精神品质,表达自己的敬佩和启示。 3. 谈谈自己对自然探索的看法,呼吁人们热爱自然、坚持探索。 写作要求 1. 词数:80-100词。 2. 内容:三段式结构,开头点题、中间展开、结尾升华。 3. 语言:正确使用宾语从句(that/whether/if引导)、单元核心短语(thanks to、carry on with、belong to等)。 (二)高分句式与词组 (1)开头句式(引出话题) 1. As a window on the past, amber helps us unlock many secrets of nature. (作为一扇通往过去的窗户,琥珀帮助我们揭开许多自然的秘密。) 2. There are many great scientists who devote themselves to nature exploration. (有许多伟大的科学家致力于自然探索。) 3. I think nature is full of secrets, and we should try our best to explore them. (我认为自然充满了秘密,我们应该尽最大努力去探索。) (2)中间句式(阐述细节) 1. Thanks to amber, scientists have discovered that dinosaurs had feathers. (多亏了琥珀,科学家们发现恐龙有羽毛。) 2. He is a great scientist who carried on with his research even though he had poor sight. (他是一位伟大的科学家,即使视力不好,仍然继续他的研究。) 3. We all know that nature provides us with many natural resources, so we should protect it. (我们都知道自然为我们提供了许多自然资源,所以我们应该保护它。) 4. Scientists believe that there are still many unknown species waiting for us to discover. (科学家们认为,还有许多未知物种等待我们去发现。) (3)结尾句式(总结升华) 1. I admire him very much, and I want to learn from him to be a person who loves nature and keeps exploring. (我非常敬佩他,我想向他学习,做一个热爱自然、坚持探索的人。) 2. Exploring nature is meaningful, and it can help us know more about the world around us. (探索自然是有意义的,它能帮助我们更多地了解我们周围的世界。) 3. Let’s make every effort to protect nature and unlock more secrets together. (让我们尽一切努力保护自然,一起揭开更多的秘密。) (4)高分词组搭配 unlock the secrets of... 揭开……的秘密 thanks to 多亏了,幸亏 carry on with sth 克服困难继续做某事 belong to 属于 a window on the past 一扇通往过去的窗户 devote oneself to... 致力于…… natural resources 自然资源 make every effort to do sth 尽一切努力做某事 unknown species 未知物种 scientific findings 科学发现 (三)参考范文 (1)介绍琥珀 A Wonderful Discovery — Amber As a window on the past, amber is a wonderful discovery that helps us unlock many secrets of nature. Thanks to amber, scientists have discovered more than 300 unknown species and proved that dinosaurs had feathers. For hundreds of years, people believed that dinosaurs looked like huge lizards, but amber told us the truth. I think amber is very magical, and it teaches us that nature is full of surprises. Let’s keep exploring and learn more about the past from nature.(86词) (2)介绍科学家王文采 A Great Scientist — Wang Wencai There are many great scientists who devote themselves to nature exploration, and Wang Wencai is one of them. He is a famous botanist who spent his life studying plants in China. Even though he had poor sight, he still carried on with his research and made many important scientific findings. He believed that every plant had its own secret, and we should try our best to discover them. His spirit of never giving up moved many people. I admire him very much, and I want to learn from him to be a person who loves nature and keeps exploring. Exploring nature is meaningful, and it can help us know more about the world around us.(95词) (3)谈自然探索的看法 The Joy of Exploring Nature I think nature is full of secrets, and we should try our best to explore them. Exploring nature is not only interesting but also meaningful. Scientists believe that there are still many unknown species waiting for us to discover. Thanks to modern technology, we can unlock more secrets of nature. For example, scientists have found that some rivers boil because of special chemicals underground. These findings show us how amazing nature is. Let’s make every effort to protect nature and unlock more secrets together. I believe that the more we explore, the more we will know about our beautiful world.(90词) (四)万能模板 以下模板适用于“自然探索”类话题,可直接填空套用: 第一段(开头点题,1-2句): As a window on the past, ... helps us unlock many secrets of nature. / There are many great scientists who devote themselves to nature exploration, and ... is one of them. / I think nature is full of secrets, and we should try our best to explore them. 第二段(中间展开,2-3句): Thanks to..., scientists have discovered that... / He is a great scientist who carried on with his research even though... / We all know that nature provides us with..., so we should... 第三段(结尾升华,1-2句): I admire him very much, and I want to learn from him... / Exploring nature is meaningful, and it can help us know more about the world. / Let’s make every effort to protect nature and unlock more secrets together. 1 / 10 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 外研版八年级下册英语 Unit 5 Looking into nature 知识清单默写版 目录 一、核心词汇 2 二、核心短语 5 (一)必背短语 5 (二)易错短语辨析 6 三、核心句型 7 (一)重点句型 7 (二)易错提醒 8 四、写作指导 8 (一)单元核心话题 8 (二)高分句式与词组 9 (三)参考范文 10 (四)万能模板 11 一、核心词汇 1.whether /ˈweðə(r)/ conj. 是否 课文例句:They can tell us _____________ dinosaurs had feathers, but that’s not all. (它们能告诉我们恐龙是否有羽毛,但这还不是全部。) 拓展例句:I don’t know _____________ he will come or not tomorrow. (我不知道他明天是否会来。) 易错点:与if用法辨析(详见语法部分),引导宾语从句时可互换,但与or not连用时只能用whether;位于句首引导主语从句时也只能用whether。 2.unknown /ˌʌnˈnəʊn/ adj. 不知道的,未知的 课文例句:Thanks to amber, more than 300 _____________ species have been discovered. (多亏了琥玀,300多种未知物种被发现了。) 搭配:unknown species(未知物种);unknown place(未知的地方);the unknown(n. 未知的事物) 易错点:前缀un-表否定,对应词known(adj. 已知的),注意拼写,不要漏写un-。 3.fully /ˈfʊli/ adv. 完全地;充分地;彻底地 课文例句:However, it’s still not _____________ understood. (然而,它仍然没有被完全理解。) 对应词:full(adj. 满的;完全的),单元关联词汇,常用搭配be full of(充满……)。 用法:修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,在句中作状语,如fully understand(完全理解)、fully realize(充分意识到)。 4.unlock /ʌnˈlɒk/ v. 解锁;揭开 课文例句:Then we can use this key to _____________ more secrets of nature. (然后我们可以用这把钥匙来揭开更多大自然的秘密。) 拓展例句:Scientists are trying to _____________ the secrets of the universe. (科学家们正努力揭开宇宙的秘密。) 搭配:unlock the secrets of sth(揭开某事的秘密);unlock a door(开门锁) 易错点:前缀un-表否定,对应词lock(v. 锁上),注意发音(重音在第二音节)和拼写。 5. finding /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/ n. 发现,(调查、研究等的)结果 课文例句:But the _____________ proves that it did 35 million years ago. (但这一发现证明,3500万年前这里确实有这种花生长。) 搭配:scientific findings(科学发现);research findings(研究结果);a surprising finding(一个惊人的发现) 易错点:词性辨析,find(v. 找到)→ finding(n. 发现),复数形式findings(侧重“多项发现/研究结果”)。 6.true /truː/ adj. 符合事实的,真的,真实的 课文例句:In 2006, scientists agreed that Pluto was not a _____________ planet. (2006年,科学家们一致认为冖王星不是一颗真正的行星。) 搭配:true friend(真正的朋友);come true(实现,主语为梦想、愿望等);true to life(逼真的) 同义替换:real(adj. 真实的),辨析:true侧重“符合事实,非虚构”,real侧重“客观存在,非想象”。 7.clear /klɪə(r)/ v. 清除;清理 adj. 清楚的,明白的 课文例句:Pluto doesn’t meet the third point: can _____________ things in its way. (冥王星不符合第三点:能清除其运行轨道上的物体。) 搭配:clear sth(清除某物);clear up(清理;放晴);clear instructions(明确的指示) 易错点:词性辨析,作动词时表“清除”,作形容词时表“清楚的”,注意不同语境下的用法。 8.hardly /ˈhɑːdli/ adv. 几乎不 课文例句:Although he received the First Class Award of National Natural Science Awards twice, he _____________ mentioned it. (尽管他两次获得国家自然科学一等奖,但他几乎从不提及此事。) 用法:否定副词,表“几乎不、几乎没有”,位于实义动词前、情态动词/助动词后,本身含否定含义,不与not连用。 补充:同义短语hardly ever(几乎从不),反义副词almost(几乎)、nearly(将近)。 9.belong /bɪˈlɒŋ/ v. 应在(某处);属于 课文例句:For him, the award _____________ to the team, and he was just doing his job. (对他来说,这个奖项属于整个团队,他只是在做好自己的工作。) 拓展例句:This beautiful garden _____________ to the school. (这个漂亮的花园属于这所学校。) 搭配:belong to sb/sth(属于某人/某物),固定搭配,to为介词,后接名词或代词,无被动语态,无进行时。 易错点:不能说be belonged to,正确表达为belong to。 10. dinosaur /ˈdaɪnəsɔː(r)/ n. 恐龙 课文例句:They can tell us whether _____________ had feathers, but that’s not all. (它们能告诉我们恐龙是否有羽毛,但这还不是全部。) 搭配:dinosaur fossils(恐龙化石);feather-covered dinosaurs(有羽毛的恐龙) 11.feather /ˈfeðə(r)/ n. 羽毛 课文例句:They can tell us whether dinosaurs had _____________ , but that’s not all. (它们能告诉我们恐龙是否有羽毛,但这还不是全部。) 搭配:feather-covered(adj. 羽毛覆盖的) 12.amber /ˈæmbə(r)/ n. 琥珀 课文例句:Thanks to _____________ , more than 300 unknown species have been discovered. (多亏了琥珀,300多种未知物种被发现了。) 搭配:a piece of amber(一块琥珀);amber necklace(琥珀项链) 13.species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ n. 物种(课文高频词,单复数同形) 课文例句:Thanks to amber, more than 300 unknown _____________ have been discovered. (多亏了琥珀,300多种未知物种被发现了。) 易错点:单复数同形,one species / many species,不加-s。 14.belief /bɪˈliːf/ n. 观点;信仰 搭配:religious belief(宗教信仰);beyond belief(难以置信) 词性拓展:believe(v. 相信)→ belief(n. 观点;信仰),注意拼写变化:ieve → ief。 15.planet /ˈplænɪt/ n. 行星(课文细节词,太阳系相关) 课文例句:In 2006, scientists agreed that Pluto was not a true _____________ . (2006年,科学家们一致认为冖王星不是一颗真正的行星。) 搭配:the planet Earth(地球);other planets(其他行星) 16. whale /weɪl/ n. 鲸 搭配:blue whale(蓝鲸);whale watching(观鲸) 17.magnifier /ˈmæɡnɪfaɪə(r)/ n. 放大镜 课文例句:With a _____________ in hand, he still carried on with his research for another 10 years.(他手里拿着放大镜,仍然继续他的研究长达10年。) 词性拓展:magnify(v. 放大)→ magnifier(n. 放大镜),同义词magnifying glass。 二、核心短语 (一)必背短语 1. unlock the secrets of sth 揭开某事的秘密 课文例句:Then we can use this key to _____________ more _____________ of nature. (然后我们可以用这把钥匙来揭开更多大自然的秘密。) 拓展例句:Scientists are trying to _____________ the _____________ of the universe. (科学家们正努力揭开宇宙的秘密。) 拓展:unlock还可搭配door、phone等词,表“打开门锁、解锁手机”。 2. thanks to 多亏了;由于 课文例句:However, _____________ _____________ a piece of amber, scientists now know that this idea is wrong. (然而,多亏了一块琥玀,科学家们现在知道这个观点是错误的。) 用法提醒:thanks to后接名词、代词或动名词,表“正面的原因”,强调“多亏了、幸亏”,区别于because of(可表任意原因)。 3. fall upon 落在(某人)身上;降临到(某人)头上 拓展例句:The responsibility _____________ _____________ him. (责任落在了他的身上。) 拓展:fall upon还可表示“袭击、攻击”,如The enemy fell upon the village.(敌人袭击了这个村庄。) 4. belong to 属于 课文例句:For him, the award _____________ _____________ the team, and he was just doing his job. (对他来说,这个奖项属于整个团队,他只是在做好自己的工作。) 拓展例句:This beautiful garden _____________ _____________ the school. (这个漂亮的花园属于这所学校。) 易错提醒:无被动语态、无进行时,不能说is belonged to,主语通常为物,宾语为人或集体。 6. carry on with sth 继续做某事 课文例句:With a magnifier in hand, he still _____________ _____________ _____________ his research for another 10 years. (他手里拿着放大镜,仍然继续他的研究长达10年。) 拓展例句:Let’s _____________ _____________ _____________ the meeting after lunch. (午餐后我们继续开会吧。) 搭配:carry on with sth(继续做某事);carry on doing sth(继续做某事) 6. be full of 充满 课文例句:Nature is _____________ _____________ secrets waiting to be discovered. (大自然充满了等待被发现的秘密。) 搭配:be full of(充满……),同义短语be filled with。 7. make every effort 尽一切努力 拓展例句:We should _____________ _____________ _____________ to protect nature. (我们应该尽一切努力保护自然。) 搭配:make every effort to do sth(尽一切努力做某事),同义短语try one’s best。 (二)易错短语辨析 thanks to vs because of thanks to:多亏了(表正面原因,含感激之意) Thanks to his help, we finished the work on time.(多亏了他的帮助,我们按时完成了工作。) because of:因为(可表任意原因,中性) Because of the rain, we stayed at home.(因为下雨,我们待在了家里。) find vs finding find:v. 找到,发现(动词) I can find my book.(我能找到我的书。) finding:n. 发现,研究结果(名词) The finding surprised everyone.(这一发现让所有人惊讶。) 三、核心句型 (一)重点句型 1. that引导的宾语从句 “主句 + that + 宾语从句” 课文原句:For hundreds of years, people believed that _____________ _____________ like huge lizards. (几百年来,人们一直认为恐龙看起来像巨大的蜥蜴。) 结构解析:主句(people believed)+ that + 宾语从句(dinosaurs looked like huge lizards)。that在宾语从句中只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,口语中可省略。 仿写:Scientists _____________ _____________ the earth is round. (科学家证明了地球是圆的。) 2. whether/if引导的宾语从句 “主句 + whether/if + 宾语从句” 课文原句:They can tell us _____________ dinosaurs had feathers, but that’s not all. (它们能告诉我们恐龙是否有羽毛,但这还不是全部。) 结构解析:whether和if引导宾语从句时多数可互换,但4种情况只能用whether:①与or not连用 ②位于句首 ③作介词宾语 ④后接to do。 仿写:I wonder _____________ / _____________ he will come tomorrow. (我想知道他明天是否会来。) 3. 特殊疑问句改宾语从句(语序) “疑问词 + 陈述句语序” 课文原句:We don’t know _____________ scientists discovered. (我们不知道科学家们发现了什么。) 结构解析:特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时,保留疑问词,后面用陈述句语序(主语+谓语),不能提前助动词。错误:We don’t know what did scientists discover. 仿写:Can you tell me _____________ he lives? (你能告诉我他住在哪里吗?) 4. 宾语从句的时态规则 “主现从任意、主过从过、客观真理永不变” 规则一(主现从任意):主句为现在时,从句时态根据实际语境选择。 课文原句:They can tell us whether dinosaurs _____________ feathers. (它们能告诉我们恐龙是否有羽毛。) 规则二(主过从过):主句为过去时,从句需用相应的过去时态。 课文原句:For hundreds of years, people believed that dinosaurs _____________ like huge lizards. (几百年来,人们一直认为恐龙看起来像巨大的蜥蜴。) 规则三(客观真理永不变):从句描述客观真理时,一律用一般现在时。 仿写:The teacher told us that the earth _____________ around the sun. (老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。) (二)易错提醒 1. 引导词误区:与or not连用、作介词宾语、后接不定式时,误用if代替whether。 2. 语序误区:特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时,仍用疑问句语序(提前助动词/情态动词),正确应为“疑问词+主语+谓语”。 3. 时态误区:主句为过去时,从句误用现在时态;描述客观真理时,从句误用过去时态。 4. 细节误区:that引导宾语从句时,口语中可省略,但正式书面语中建议保留;if/whether不可省略。 四、写作指导 (一)单元核心话题 本单元围绕“Looking into nature”(探索自然)主题,结合语篇话题(琥珀、科学家事迹、自然奇观),考查运用单元核心词汇、短语、句型(尤其是宾语从句)进行书面表达的能力。 高频写作话题示例: 1. 介绍一种自然探索的发现(如琥珀、恐龙的秘密、沸河等),描述发现的内容、意义。 2. 介绍一位热爱自然探索的科学家(如王文采),讲述他的事迹、精神品质,表达自己的敬佩和启示。 3. 谈谈自己对自然探索的看法,呼吁人们热爱自然、坚持探索。 写作要求 1. 词数:80-100词。 2. 内容:三段式结构,开头点题、中间展开、结尾升华。 3. 语言:正确使用宾语从句(that/whether/if引导)、单元核心短语(thanks to、carry on with、belong to等)。 (二)高分句式与词组 (1)开头句式(引出话题) 1. As a window on the past, amber helps us unlock many secrets of nature. (作为一扇通往过去的窗户,琥珀帮助我们揭开许多自然的秘密。) 2. There are many great scientists who devote themselves to nature exploration. (有许多伟大的科学家致力于自然探索。) 3. I think nature is full of secrets, and we should try our best to explore them. (我认为自然充满了秘密,我们应该尽最大努力去探索。) (2)中间句式(阐述细节) 1. Thanks to amber, scientists have discovered that dinosaurs had feathers. (多亏了琥珀,科学家们发现恐龙有羽毛。) 2. He is a great scientist who carried on with his research even though he had poor sight. (他是一位伟大的科学家,即使视力不好,仍然继续他的研究。) 3. We all know that nature provides us with many natural resources, so we should protect it. (我们都知道自然为我们提供了许多自然资源,所以我们应该保护它。) 4. Scientists believe that there are still many unknown species waiting for us to discover. (科学家们认为,还有许多未知物种等待我们去发现。) (3)结尾句式(总结升华) 1. I admire him very much, and I want to learn from him to be a person who loves nature and keeps exploring. (我非常敬佩他,我想向他学习,做一个热爱自然、坚持探索的人。) 2. Exploring nature is meaningful, and it can help us know more about the world around us. (探索自然是有意义的,它能帮助我们更多地了解我们周围的世界。) 3. Let’s make every effort to protect nature and unlock more secrets together. (让我们尽一切努力保护自然,一起揭开更多的秘密。) (4)高分词组搭配 unlock the secrets of... 揭开……的秘密 thanks to 多亏了,幸亏 carry on with sth 克服困难继续做某事 belong to 属于 a window on the past 一扇通往过去的窗户 devote oneself to... 致力于…… natural resources 自然资源 make every effort to do sth 尽一切努力做某事 unknown species 未知物种 scientific findings 科学发现 (三)参考范文 (1)介绍琥珀 A Wonderful Discovery — Amber As a window on the past, amber is a wonderful discovery that helps us unlock many secrets of nature. Thanks to amber, scientists have discovered more than 300 unknown species and proved that dinosaurs had feathers. For hundreds of years, people believed that dinosaurs looked like huge lizards, but amber told us the truth. I think amber is very magical, and it teaches us that nature is full of surprises. Let’s keep exploring and learn more about the past from nature.(86词) (2)介绍科学家王文采 A Great Scientist — Wang Wencai There are many great scientists who devote themselves to nature exploration, and Wang Wencai is one of them. He is a famous botanist who spent his life studying plants in China. Even though he had poor sight, he still carried on with his research and made many important scientific findings. He believed that every plant had its own secret, and we should try our best to discover them. His spirit of never giving up moved many people. I admire him very much, and I want to learn from him to be a person who loves nature and keeps exploring. Exploring nature is meaningful, and it can help us know more about the world around us.(95词) (3)谈自然探索的看法 The Joy of Exploring Nature I think nature is full of secrets, and we should try our best to explore them. Exploring nature is not only interesting but also meaningful. Scientists believe that there are still many unknown species waiting for us to discover. Thanks to modern technology, we can unlock more secrets of nature. For example, scientists have found that some rivers boil because of special chemicals underground. These findings show us how amazing nature is. Let’s make every effort to protect nature and unlock more secrets together. I believe that the more we explore, the more we will know about our beautiful world.(90词) (四)万能模板 以下模板适用于“自然探索”类话题,可直接填空套用: 第一段(开头点题,1-2句): As a window on the past, ... helps us unlock many secrets of nature. / There are many great scientists who devote themselves to nature exploration, and ... is one of them. / I think nature is full of secrets, and we should try our best to explore them. 第二段(中间展开,2-3句): Thanks to..., scientists have discovered that... / He is a great scientist who carried on with his research even though... / We all know that nature provides us with..., so we should... 第三段(结尾升华,1-2句): I admire him very much, and I want to learn from him... / Exploring nature is meaningful, and it can help us know more about the world. / Let’s make every effort to protect nature and unlock more secrets together. 1 / 10 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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外研版八年级下册英语 Unit 5 Looking into nature 知识清单(背诵版+默写版)
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外研版八年级下册英语 Unit 5 Looking into nature 知识清单(背诵版+默写版)
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外研版八年级下册英语 Unit 5 Looking into nature 知识清单(背诵版+默写版)
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