摘要:
该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了Unit 5 "A Very Special Olympics"单元内容,涵盖核心词汇、重点短语、核心句型及语法拓展(一般过去时不规则动词)四大知识范畴,为学生搭建了从基础语言要素到综合运用的系统化学习支架。
清单通过分类呈现(词汇含音标/词性/搭配、短语配例句、句型附用法说明)和关联设计(语法拓展结合单元语境)构建完整知识体系,体现语言能力培养。特别标注词汇可数/不可数属性及固定搭配如“have the courage to do”,语法部分高频不规则动词表附单元例句如“He fell down during the race”,助力学生精准掌握重难点,提升学习能力。教师可直接用于课堂复习,学生能自主梳理知识,高效巩固单元要点。
内容正文:
Unit 5 A Very Special Olympics 词汇、短语和句型背记
一、核心词汇
英文单词
音标
中文释义
词性
备注(常见搭配/例句提示)
athlete
/ˈæθliːt/
运动员
n.
可数名词,Special Olympics athlete(特奥运动员),例:The athlete showed great courage in the race.(这位运动员在比赛中展现了极大的勇气)
contest
/ˈkɒntest/(英)/ˈkɑːntest/(美)
比赛;竞赛
n.
可数名词,running contest(跑步比赛),例:She took part in the 200-meter contest.(她参加了200米赛跑)
courage
/ˈkʌrɪdʒ/
勇气;胆量
n.
不可数名词,have the courage to do(有勇气做某事),例:It takes courage to help others instead of winning.(放弃获胜去帮助他人需要勇气)
caring
/ˈkeərɪŋ/(英)/ˈkerɪŋ/(美)
关心他人的;体贴的
adj.
修饰人或行为,caring person(体贴的人),例:The caring athletes helped the fallen runner.(体贴的运动员们帮助了摔倒的选手)
loser
/ˈluːzə(r)/
失败者
n.
可数名词,反义词winner(胜利者),例:In their hearts, there were no losers in the race.(在他们心中,这场比赛没有失败者)
failure
/ˈfeɪljə(r)/
失败
n.
不可数名词,fear of failure(害怕失败),例:Failure is not terrible if we learn from it.(如果我们从中学习,失败并不可怕)
cheater
/ˈtʃiːtə(r)/
骗子;作弊者
n.
可数名词,cheat in the exam(考试作弊),例:A cheater can never win respect.(作弊者永远得不到尊重)
medal
/ˈmedl/
奖牌;勋章
n.
可数名词,gold medal(金牌),例:She gave up the chance for a gold medal to help others.(她为了帮助他人放弃了获得金牌的机会)
track
/træk/
跑道;轨道
n.
可数名词,running track(跑道),例:The athletes lined up on the track.(运动员们在跑道上列队)
whistle
/ˈwɪsl/
哨子;吹哨
n./v.
名词:blow the whistle(吹哨);动词:whistle to stop(吹哨示意停止),例:The referee blew the whistle to start the race.(裁判吹哨宣布比赛开始)
bend
/bend/
弯腰;弯曲
v.
过去式/过去分词:bent,搭配bend down(弯腰),例:She bent down to help the fallen runner.(她弯腰去帮助摔倒的选手)
grab
/ɡræb/
抓住;抓取
v.
过去式/过去分词:grabbed,搭配grab sb.’s arm(抓住某人的胳膊),例:He grabbed the fallen runner’s arm to lift him up.(他抓住摔倒选手的胳膊把他扶起来)
separate
/ˈsepərət/(adj.)/ˈsepəreɪt/(v.)
分开的;分离
adj./v.
形容词:separate checks(分开结账);动词:separate A from B(把A和B分开),例:Do you want separate checks or one bill?(你们想分开结账还是合开一张账单?)
treat
/triːt/
请客;对待
v./n.
动词:treat sb. to dinner(请某人吃饭);名词:a special treat(特别的款待),例:Last time you treated, this time it’s on me.(上次你请的客,这次我来)
Dutch
/dʌtʃ/
各自付费的
adj.
固定搭配go Dutch(AA制),例:We decided to go Dutch when eating out.(我们决定外出吃饭时AA制)
dressing
/ˈdresɪŋ/
调味酱;敷料
n.
可数名词,salad dressing(沙拉酱),例:What kind of dressing would you like on your salad?(你的沙拉想要什么调味酱?)
bill
/bɪl/
账单;法案
n.
可数名词,restaurant bill(餐厅账单),例:Could you bring the bill, please?(麻烦拿一下账单好吗?)
babysit
/ˈbeɪbɪsɪt/
临时照看小孩
v.
过去式/过去分词:babysat,搭配babysit for sb.(帮某人照看小孩),例:She babysits for her neighbor on weekends.(她周末帮邻居照看小孩)
removal
/rɪˈmuːvl/
清除;移动
n.
不可数名词,snow removal(除雪),例:The snow removal work started early in the morning.(除雪工作一大早就开始了)
professional
/prəˈfeʃənl/
专业的;专业人士
adj./n.
形容词:professional athlete(专业运动员),例:He is a professional runner with years of training.(他是一名经过多年训练的专业跑步运动员)
二、重点短语
英文短语
中文释义
搭配/例句
take one’s order
为某人点餐
May I take your order, please?(请问可以为您点餐了吗?)
go Dutch
各自付费;AA制
We usually go Dutch when eating with friends.(我们和朋友吃饭通常AA制)
on me
我请客
Don’t worry about the cost—this is on me.(别担心费用,我请客)
separate checks
分开结账
Could we have separate checks, please?(麻烦给我们分开结账好吗?)
catch up
追上;赶超
He fell behind at first but soon caught up.(他一开始落后了,但很快就追了上来)
line up
排队;列队
The athletes lined up on the track for the race.(运动员们在跑道上列队准备比赛)
compete in
参加……比赛
She competed in the 100-meter race last year.(她去年参加了100米赛跑)
give up
放弃;认输
He gave up the chance to win to help his friend.(他放弃了获胜的机会去帮助朋友)
lift up
扶起;举起
They lifted up the fallen runner together.(他们一起扶起了摔倒的选手)
instead of
代替;而不是
She chose to help others instead of winning the medal.(她选择帮助他人而不是赢得奖牌)
kind of dressing
调味酱种类
What kind of dressing would you like—Italian or French?(你想要什么调味酱——意大利酱还是法式酱?)
for here or to go
堂食还是外带
Is this for here or to go?(这是堂食还是外带?)
三、核心句型
句型结构
中文释义
例句
备注(用法说明)
May I take your order, please?
请问可以为您点餐了吗?
May I take your order, please? I’d like a cheeseburger.(请问可以为您点餐了吗?我想要一个芝士汉堡)
餐厅服务常用礼貌句型,用于询问顾客点餐需求
What kind of ... would you like?
您想要哪种……?
What kind of dressing would you like on your salad?(您的沙拉想要哪种调味酱?)
用于询问顾客偏好,后接名词或名词短语
Is this for here or to go?
这是堂食还是外带?
I’d like a coffee—Is this for here or to go?(我想要一杯咖啡——堂食还是外带?)
快速餐厅常用句型,询问用餐方式
Sb. chose to do sth. instead of doing sth.
某人选择做某事而不是做某事。
She chose to help the fallen runner instead of continuing the race.(她选择帮助摔倒的选手,而不是继续比赛)
instead of 后接动名词,表取舍关系
It takes courage to do sth.
做某事需要勇气。
It takes great courage to give up winning for others.(为了他人放弃获胜需要极大的勇气)
it 作形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式
Sb. fell + 形容词/介词短语.
某人摔倒/变得……。
He fell down on the track and hurt his knee.(他摔倒在跑道上,伤到了膝盖)
fall 的过去式为fell,后接表状态的词
There were no losers in ...
在……中没有失败者。
In this special race, there were no losers—only friendship.(在这场特殊的比赛中,没有失败者——只有友谊)
强调互助精神超越胜负
Sb. was/were + doing sth. when ...
某人正在做某事时,突然……。
She was running fast when she heard someone shout for help.(她正快速奔跑,突然听到有人呼救)
过去进行时与一般过去时连用,表“背景+突发动作”
四、语法拓展:一般过去时(不规则动词)详解
1. 核心用法
用法
含义
例句
表示过去发生的具体动作
描述过去某一时刻发生并结束的动作
He fell down during the race.(他在比赛中摔倒了)
表示过去连续发生的动作
描述过去依次进行的一系列动作
She stopped running, bent down, and helped him up.(她停下跑步,弯腰扶起了他)
表示过去的状态或特征
描述过去某人/某物的状态
The race was exciting and touching.(这场比赛既激动人心又令人感动)
2. 高频不规则动词变化表
原形
过去式
过去分词
例句(单元语境)
begin
began
begun
The race began as soon as the whistle blew.(哨声一响,比赛就开始了)
break
broke
broken
He broke his shoelace and fell down.(他的鞋带断了,然后摔倒了)
bring
brought
brought
She brought a bottle of water for her teammate.(她给队友带了一瓶水)
build
built
built
They built a friendship through the race.(他们通过比赛建立了友谊)
buy
bought
bought
He bought a snack after the game.(比赛结束后他买了一份零食)
catch
caught
caught
She caught up with the others quickly.(她很快就追上了其他人)
come
came
come
Many spectators came to watch the Special Olympics.(很多观众来看特奥会)
do
did
done
They did their best to help each other.(他们尽最大努力互相帮助)
eat
ate
eaten
They ate lunch together after the race.(比赛结束后他们一起吃了午饭)
fall
fell
fallen
The young athlete fell but didn’t give up.(这位年轻的运动员摔倒了,但没有放弃)
feel
felt
felt
She felt proud of helping others.(她为帮助他人感到自豪)
get
got
gotten(美)/got(英)
He got up and continued running with help.(在帮助下他站起来继续跑步)
give
gave
given
She gave up the gold medal to help her friend.(她放弃了金牌去帮助朋友)
go
went
gone
They went to the cafeteria after the game.(比赛结束后他们去了自助餐厅)
have
had
had
They had a wonderful time during the event.(他们在活动期间过得很愉快)
hear
heard
heard
She heard someone shout and turned back.(她听到有人喊叫就回头了)
keep
kept
kept
They kept encouraging each other till the end.(他们一直互相鼓励到最后)
know
knew
known
Everyone knew the true meaning of the race.(每个人都明白这场比赛的真正意义)
leave
left
left
He left early to prepare for the contest.(他早早离开去准备比赛)
make
made
made
Their kindness made the race meaningful.(他们的善良让这场比赛变得有意义)
run
ran
run
He ran as fast as he could in the 200-meter race.(他在200米赛跑中拼尽全力奔跑)
say
said
said
The coach said teamwork is more important.(教练说团队合作更重要)
see
saw
seen
She saw the fallen runner and stopped immediately.(她看到摔倒的选手就立刻停下了)
sit
sat
sat
They sat together and talked about the race.(他们坐在一起谈论这场比赛)
speak
spoke
spoken
The athlete spoke about his experience in the game.(这位运动员讲述了他在比赛中的经历)
take
took
taken
The referee took out a whistle to start the race.(裁判拿出哨子宣布比赛开始)
tell
told
told
She told her friends about the touching moment.(她把这个感人的瞬间告诉了朋友)
write
wrote
written
He wrote a diary about the Special Olympics.(他写了一篇关于特奥会的日记)
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