Unit 1 Reading Plus 知识点讲练 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了Unit 1“Work hard, Play Hard”核心知识点，涵盖词汇、短语、语法结构及习语。从基础词汇（如physical）到短语搭配（如make time for），再到语法应用（如more + 原级 + than），最后到综合表达（如习语All work and no play...），形成递进式学习支架。 知识链路按“含义-搭配-例句-练习”逻辑呈现，紧扣中考考点，讲练结合。习题含填空、翻译等题型，答案解析精准。通过对比辨析（如alone与lonely）、公式化总结（如It is + adj. + to do sth.）提升语言能力与思维品质，助力学生高效掌握中考核心知识。

Unit 1 Reading Plus Work hard, Play Hard 知识点精讲精练 1. make time & make time for sb./sth. 含义:make time 抽空、腾出时间 make time for sb./sth. 特意为某人 / 某事腾出时间 必背搭配:make time (to do sth);make time for sb. / make time for doing sth. 例句:① I always make time to exercise every morning. 我每天早上都会抽空锻炼。② She makes time for her family every weekend. 她每周都会特意为家人腾出时间。 中考练习:(1) We should _ time _ our parents. (填 make/for) (2) 翻译:我们应该抽时间多读书 We should _ _ to read more books. 2. more + 形容词 / 副词原级 + than 含义:比…… 更……(形容词 / 副词的比较级结构,中考核心);拓展:more and more + 原级 越来越…… 必背搭配:more beautiful than;more carefully than;more and more popular 例句:① Reading is more relaxing than playing computer games. 读书比玩电脑游戏更放松。② It’s getting more and more important to stay healthy. 保持健康变得越来越重要。 1 more + 多音节形容词 变比较级 2 ② 比较级 + than 结构的运用 3 ③ more and more 的拼写 中考练习:(1) Doing sports is _(relax) than watching TV. (2) 翻译:跑步比散步更能锻炼身体 Running is _ _ to exercise the body than walking. 答案:(1) more relaxing (2) more helpful 3. physical (adj.) 含义:身体的;物理的 必背搭配:physical health 身体健康;physical exercise 体育锻炼;physical activity 身体活动 例句:Physical health is as important as mental health. 身体健康和心理健康同等重要。 常和 mental(心理的) 配对出现;写作中 physical exercise 是万能短语 中考练习:_(physics) exercise can help us keep strong. (用所给词适当形式填空) 答案:Physical 4. stay healthy (同义:keep healthy /keep fit) 含义:保持健康(系表结构,stay 是连系动词,后接形容词) 必背搭配:stay + 形容词(stay happy/strong/active);stay healthy by doing sth. 通过做某事保持健康 例句:We can stay healthy by eating fruit and doing sports every day. 我们可以通过每天吃水果、做运动保持健康。 中考练习:(1) We should eat more vegetables _ (stay) healthy. (2) 翻译:早睡早起能让我们保持健康 Going to bed early and getting up early can make us _ _. 答案:(1) to stay (2) stay healthy 5. lower stress (v.+n.) 含义:减轻压力;lower 是动词(中考核心),意为 “降低、减轻”;stress 不可数名词,压力 必背搭配:lower stress /lower pressure 减轻压力;lower the risk of ... 降低…… 的风险 例句:Listening to soft music can lower stress easily. 听轻音乐能轻松减轻压力。 常考 lower stress /reduce stress 互换 中考练习:_ (lower) stress is a good way to keep healthy. (用所给词适当形式填空) 答案:Lowering 6. types (n.)& type (v./n.) 含义:n. 种类、类型(复数 types);v. 打字 必背搭配:different types of sth. 不同种类的……;a type of 一种…… 例句:① There are different types of sports we can do after school. 放学后我们可以做不同种类的运动。② She can type very fast. 她打字很快。 different types of + 名词复数 中考练习:There are many _(type) of books in our school library. 答案:types fall sick核心含义 生病;病倒;突发疾病(强调「突然生病的动作」,瞬间性动词) 近义词:fall ill(完全等同,中考可互换) 辨析:be sick /be ill 表示「生病的状态」,fall sick 只表示「突然生病的那个动作」 fall sick (单独用,无宾语) 最基础用法 fall sick with + 具体疾病 患…… 病(中考高频必背搭配,介词固定用 with) 例句(每个搭配对应例句,简单贴合中考难度) He fell sick yesterday, so he missed school. 他昨天突然病倒了,所以没来上学。 Many students fall sick with a cold in autumn. 秋天很多学生都会感冒生病。 She fell sick and had to stay in bed for two days. 她生病了,不得不卧床两天。 词形转换题:必考 fall 的不规则变形 fall-fell-fallen,尤其考过去式 fell。 固定搭配题:考 fall sick with + 疾病,介词只能用 with,不能填 for/of。 My mother _(fall) sick last week and she couldn't cook for us. (词形转换,考过去式) He _ sick now, because he _ sick suddenly this morning. (用 be/fall 填空) 翻译(中考完成句子常考):我的弟弟昨天因为发烧病倒了 My brother _ _ _ a fever yesterday. 8. make it harder for us to do sth. 公式:主语 + make + it + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 含义:使某人做某事变得……;it 是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的 to do sth. 必背变形:make it easy/difficult/important for sb. to do sth. 例句:① Too much screen time makes it harder for us to focus on study. 看电子屏幕太久,让我们很难专注学习。② Reading makes it easier for us to know the world. 读书让我们更容易了解世界。 中考练习:(1) 玩手机让我们很难早睡 Playing phones _ _ harder for us _ go to bed early. (2) She makes _ possible for me _(learn) math well. 答案:(1) makes it; to (2) it; to learn 9. a waste of time 含义:浪费时间;拓展:a waste of money 浪费钱;a waste of food 浪费食物 必背搭配:It’s a waste of time (doing sth.) / It’s a waste of time to do sth. (两个都对,中考都考) 例句:① It’s a waste of time playing games all day. 整天玩游戏就是浪费时间。② Don’t do it, it’s just a waste of time. 别做了,这纯粹是浪费时间。 It’s a waste of time to do/doing 中考练习:翻译:整天刷短视频是浪费时间 It’s _ _ _ _ short videos all day. 答案:a waste of time watching 10. a great way to do sth. (同义:a good way to do sth.) 含义:做某事的好方法 必背搭配:a great way to do sth. ( 正确);a great way of doing sth.( 正确,考的少);the way to sp. 去某地的路 例句:① Doing sports is a great way to lower stress. 做运动是减轻压力的好方法。② Reading aloud is a great way to improve English. 大声朗读是提升英语的好方法。 中考练习:(1) _ a great way _(learn) English by listening to songs. (2) 翻译:和朋友聊天是放松的好方法 Chatting with friends is _ _ _ _ relax. 答案:(1) It’s; to learn (2) a great way to 11. emotion (n.) & emotional (adj.) 含义:emotion n. 情绪、情感(可数 / 不可数);emotional adj. 情绪的、情感的、情绪化的 必背搭配:mixed emotions 复杂的情绪;emotional health 心理健康;emotional problems 情绪问题 例句:① Sadness and happiness are human emotions. 悲伤和快乐都是人类的情绪。② We should care about our emotional health. 我们应该关注自己的心理健康。 中考练习:(1) We have different _(emotion) in our daily life. (2) _(emotion) health is as important as physical health. 答案:(1) emotions (2) Emotional 12. well-being (n.) 含义:幸福、安康、身心健康(= health and happiness),不可数名词 必背搭配:mental well-being 心理健康;physical well-being 身体健康;improve one’s well-being 改善身心健康 例句:Good sleep can improve our overall well-being. 好的睡眠能改善我们的整体身心健康。 中考练习:翻译:多和家人交流能提升我们的幸福感 Communicating with family more can improve our _. 答案:well-being 13. deal with 含义:① 处理、应对(= do with,最常考);② 对付、解决;③ 与…… 打交道 必背搭配:deal with problems 处理问题;deal with stress 应对压力;deal with sb. 与某人打交道 例句:① We should learn how to deal with stress in our life. 我们要学会如何应对生活中的压力。② She is good at dealing with difficult people. 她擅长和难相处的人打交道。 how 配 deal with,what 配 do with 中考练习:(1) We don’t know how _(deal) with this problem. (2) 翻译:青少年应该学会处理自己的情绪 Teenagers should learn to _ _ their own emotions. 答案:(1) to deal (2) deal with 14. most of 的用法 含义:…… 中的大多数;后接限定词 + 名词复数 / 不可数名词,或代词宾格 必背搭配:most of the students;most of the time;most of us/them/it 例句:① Most of the students like doing sports after school. 大多数学生喜欢放学后做运动。② Most of the time, we need to stay calm. 大多数时候,我们需要保持冷静。 ① most of 后必须加 the / 物主代词,most 直接加名词(most students) ② most of 作主语,谓语动词看后面的名词(复数 复数,不可数 单数) 中考练习:(1) _(most) of the water is clean. (2) Most of _(we) like English very much. 答案:(1) Most (2) us 15. confident (adj.) & confidence (n.) 含义:confident adj. 自信的、有信心的;confidence n. 信心、自信(不可数) 必背搭配:be confident in sb./sth. 对…… 有信心;be confident to do sth. 有信心做某事;have confidence in sb./sth. 对…… 有信心 例句:① She is confident in her English ability. 她对自己的英语能力很自信。② We have confidence to finish the work well. 我们有信心把工作做好。 中考练习:(1) He is a _(confidence) boy. (2) We should have _(confident) in ourselves. 答案:(1) confident (2) confidence 16. while 的 3 个核心含义 含义 1:连词,当…… 的时候(强调动作同时发生,从句用进行时) 例句:While I was reading, my mother was cooking. 我看书的时候,妈妈在做饭。 含义 2:连词,尽管、虽然(= although/though,放句首 / 句中,表转折,中考完形高频) 例句:While he is young, he knows a lot. 尽管他年纪小,却懂得很多。 含义 3:连词,然而、但是(表对比,前后句子内容相反,中考单选高频) 例句:Tom likes playing basketball, while his brother likes reading. 汤姆喜欢打篮球,然而他弟弟喜欢读书。 中考练习:(1) _ I was walking, I saw a dog. (2) _ he is rich, he lives a simple life. (填 while) (3) She likes singing, _ I like dancing. 答案:(1) While (2) While (3) while 17. benefit (n. & v.) 双词性 词性 1:名词 (n.) 益处、好处(可数,复数 benefits) 搭配:the benefits of sth. …… 的好处;many benefits 很多益处 例句:There are many benefits of doing morning exercises. 晨练有很多好处。 词性 2:动词 (v.) 有益于、受益于 搭配:benefit sb. 使某人受益;benefit from sth. 从…… 中受益 例句:① Doing sports benefits our health. 做运动有益于我们的健康。② We can benefit from reading every day. 我们能从每天读书中受益。 中考练习:(1) We can get many _(benefit) from exercise. (2) Exercise _(benefit) our body a lot. 答案:(1) benefits (2) benefits 18. right 的 6 个中考核心含义 adj. 正确的 That’s the right answer. 那是正确答案。 adj. 合适的、恰当的 This is the right time to start. 这是开始的合适时机。 n. 权利 We have the right to study. 我们有学习的权利。 adv. 正好、恰好 He is right here. 他就在这儿。 adv. 立刻、马上 Do it right now. 马上做。 n. 右边 Turn right at the crossing. 在路口右转。 中考练习:(1) You are _(right) to say that. (2) Please turn _(right) and walk straight. 答案:(1) right (2) right 19. balance (n. & v.) 词性 1:名词 (n.) 平衡;均衡 搭配:a balance of ... …… 的平衡;keep a balance 保持平衡;keep a balance between study and play 劳逸结合(写作万能) 例句:We need to keep a balance between study and rest. 我们需要劳逸结合。 词性 2:动词 (v.) 平衡;使均衡 搭配:balance sth. 平衡某物;balance work and life 平衡工作和生活 例句:It’s hard to balance study and hobbies. 平衡学习和爱好很难。 中考练习:翻译:我们应该在学习和运动之间保持平衡 We should _ _ _ between study and sports. 答案:keep a balance 20. chat (v. & n.) 聊天 含义:v. 聊天、闲谈(过去式 chatted,现在分词 chatting);n. 聊天、闲谈(可数) 必背搭配:chat with sb. 和某人聊天;have a chat with sb. 和某人聊一聊;chat about sth. 聊某事 例句:① I often chat with my friends after school. 我放学后经常和朋友聊天。② We had a nice chat yesterday. 我们昨天聊得很开心。 中考练习:She enjoys _(chat) with her parents every night. 答案:chatting 21. involve (v.) 涉及;包含;使参与 含义:① 涉及、包含 ② 使某人参与 必背搭配:involve doing sth. 涉及做某事;be involved in sth./doing sth. 参与某事 / 做某事(必考短语) 例句:① This job involves working late sometimes. 这份工作有时需要加班。② She is involved in many school activities. 她参与了很多学校活动。 固定搭配 be involved in 中考练习:翻译:参加志愿者活动能让我们参与到社会服务中 Volunteering can make us _ _ _ social service. 答案:be involved in 22. cause eye strain (中考固定短语) 含义:导致眼睛疲劳;补充:cause v. 导致,eye strain n. 眼睛疲劳(不可数) 必背搭配:cause + 名词(后果) cause stress/illness/eye strain;eye strain from doing sth. 做某事导致的眼疲劳 例句:Too much screen time can cause eye strain easily. 长时间看屏幕容易导致眼睛疲劳。 中考练习:翻译:长时间看书会导致眼睛疲劳 Reading for a long time can _ _ _. 答案:cause eye strain 23. alone (adj./adv.) & lonely (adj.) alone 含义:① adj. 独自的(只作表语,不能放名词前) ② adv. 独自地、单独地 核心:只表客观 “一个人”,无情感色彩 例句:① He is alone at home. 他独自一人在家。 ② She goes to school alone every day. 她每天独自上学。 lonely 含义:adj. 孤独的、寂寞的;偏僻的 核心:表主观 “内心感到孤独”,有强烈情感色彩 搭配:feel lonely 感到孤独;a lonely village 一个偏僻的村庄 例句:He lives alone, but he never feels lonely. 他独自生活,但从不感到孤独。(中考经典例句) 补充:lonely 的名词形式 loneliness (不可数名词) 孤独、寂寞;例句:Loneliness is bad for our mental health. 孤独对心理健康有害。 中考练习:(1) She lives _(alone/lonely), but she doesn’t feel _(alone/lonely). (2) The old man feels _(lonely) because he has no family. 答案:(1) alone; lonely (2) lonely 24. instead & instead of instead (副词 adv.) 含义:反而、代替、却;放句首(加逗号)或句末 例句:① I don’t like coffee, I like tea instead. 我不喜欢咖啡,反而喜欢茶。 ② Instead, we can go for a walk. 相反,我们可以去散步。 instead of (介词短语 prep.) 含义:代替、而不是;后接名词 / 代词 /doing sth.(中考陷阱:不能接 to do) 必背搭配:instead of sb./sth.;instead of doing sth. 例句:① I go to school by bike instead of by bus. 我骑自行车上学,而不是坐公交。② She reads books instead of watching TV. 她看书而不是看电视。 中考考点:单选 / 完形 必考,易错点:instead of 后接doing;写作中替换 but 的加分词 中考练习:(1) He plays basketball _ (instead/instead of) playing football. (2) I don’t want to go shopping, _(instead/instead of), I want to stay at home. 答案:(1) instead of (2) instead 25. hang out (中考高频短语) 含义:闲逛、溜达、和朋友聚会(口语化,中考常考);过去式 hung out 必背搭配:hang out with sb. 和某人一起闲逛;hang out in the park 在公园闲逛 例句:We often hang out with our friends on weekends. 我们周末经常和朋友一起闲逛。 翻译:我喜欢和好朋友一起闲逛 I like _ _ with my good friends. 答案:hanging out 26. reduce (v.) 减轻;减少;降低 含义:和 lower 同义,中考可互换;reduce 更正式,lower 更口语化 必背搭配:reduce stress 减轻压力;reduce time 减少时间;reduce the risk of ... 降低…… 的风险 例句:Eating less sugar can reduce the risk of getting fat. 少吃糖能降低发胖的风险。 中考练习:We should _(reduce) the time we spend on phones. 答案:reduce 27. regardless of (中考高频短语) 含义:不管、不顾、无论(= no matter what/how) 必背搭配:regardless of sth. 不管某事;regardless of the weather 不管天气如何 例句:He goes running every morning regardless of the weather. 他每天早上都跑步,不管天气如何。 中考练习:翻译:无论困难多大,我们都要坚持下去 _ _ the difficulties, we must keep going. 答案:Regardless of 28. after all (中考高频短语) 含义:毕竟、终究、归根结底(放句首 / 句末,句首加逗号) 例句:① After all, he is just a child. 毕竟,他只是个孩子。② He won the game after all. 他终究赢得了比赛。 中考练习:_ _, it’s not easy for a kid to finish this work. (填 after all) 答案:After all 29. It is + adj. + to do sth. 公式:It + be 动词 + 形容词 + to do sth. 含义:做某事是…… 的;it 是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的 to do sth. 必背形容词:important, necessary, good, bad, easy, difficult, helpful, useful 例句:① It is important to stay healthy. 保持健康很重要。② It is easy to learn English well if you work hard. 如果你努力,学好英语很容易。 中考练习:(1) It is _(help) to read English every morning. (2) 翻译:坚持锻炼是很有必要的 _ _ necessary _ _ exercising. 答案:(1) helpful (2) It is; to keep 30. 习语:All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 直译:只工作不玩耍,聪明杰克也变傻。 意译:劳逸结合;只学不玩,聪明孩子也会变笨。 核心含义:强调学习和娱乐要平衡,不能一味学习。 例句:As the saying goes, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. So we need to keep a balance between study and play. 俗话说,只学不玩,聪明孩子也变笨。所以我们要劳逸结合。 中考练习:翻译这句谚语 _ 答案:只工作不玩耍,聪明杰克也变傻。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $