专题10 选词填空15篇（上海专用）（高考典例+热点话题练习）-2026届上海高考英语总复习

专题10 选词填空15篇 (上海专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 人与环境 2 适中 支付方式,社会问题与社会现象 3 适中 社会问题与社会现象 4 适中 社会问题与社会现象 5 较难 社会问题与社会现象 6 较难 哲理感悟 7 较难 发明与创造 ,可持续农业 8 适中 旅游观光,个人经历 9 适中 环境保护,环境污染 10 较难 社会问题与社会现象,广告/布告 11 适中 社会问题与社会现象,旅游观光 12 较难 人与动植物,生活故事 13 适中 中国城市,旅游观光 14 较难 科学技术 ,人工智能 15 适中 社会问题与社会现象,社会关系 【高考典例】 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．applauding    B．entry-level  C． struck  D．fascination  E. back-seat  F. stuck G. stand         H. promoter   I. hook   J. dominant     K. empowered The nature is part of us. Therefore, it holds a mysterious 1 for me. In my memory, the valley was quiet and calm, only to see the wheat all over the mountains waving together in rhythm when the wind blew through, like a ballet troupe. The sun rose every morning as usual, sweeping across the valley and ultimately falling behind the peaks. The snow that falls in winter always melts in spring, bringing new hope to this nature where everything was pleasant and beautiful. Led by fate, I have became an environmentalist and had the honor of being invited to address students about my green lifestyle for a long time. The students were surprised at my lifestyle and maybe they thought my lifestyle was no longer suitable for modern life. Fortunately, they were still listened to whole lecture, saluting or 2 me——to some extent the applause implied their encouragement to me. As I began to interact with them under the stage, I was 3 by kids’ lack of knowledge of nature so that they had little knowledge of protecting environment. After the address, I put up a stand in the 4 offering green food, hoping them interested in it to get the 5 experiencing a first-hand feeling of the green lifestyle no one shows any interest in. So I decided to team up with the concert 6 to run a campaign: “anyone who can answer a(n) 7 environmental question is qualified to attend the concert. Soon the music can 8 them coming here”. Since then , I have been considering why kids today do not have the same deep appreciation for nature that I do. One of the significant factors may be that the former rural civilization has been replaced by the urban civilization. In the past, the poor played the 9 role in the nature, so they cleared the wasteland, planted crops and reproduced civilization. With the massive invasion of industrialization and urbanization, people were forced to move away from nature. The struggle between tradition and modernity, the confrontation between humans and nature has led people to believe that they are the masters of the universe. Is this really the case? It is time to think about who 10 us to destroy nature. 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．E 5．G 6．H 7．B 8．I 9．J 10．K 【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。表达了作者对自然的深厚感情，对现代人与自然关系变化的思考，以及自己作为环保人士的努力和遭遇。 1．考查名词。句意：因此，它对我有一种神秘的吸引力。根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入名词。而且结合下文中的景色描写以及“where everything was pleasant and beautiful”可知，此处句意为“因此，它对我有一种神秘的吸引力(fascination)”，名词作宾语，故选D。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，他们整个讲座都在听，向我致敬或鼓掌——在某种程度上，掌声暗示着他们对我的鼓励。根据句子结构分析，此处or连接两个动词，应该填入动词的现在分词形式。而且根据下文“to some extent the applause implied their encouragement to me”的提示，可知，此处句意为“幸运的是，他们仍然听了整个讲座，在某种程度上向我致敬或鼓掌(applauding)”，故选A。 3．考查动词语态。句意：当我开始在台下与他们互动时，我惊讶于孩子们对自然的认识不足，他们对保护环境的知识很少。根据句子结构分析，此处为被动语态，需要填入动词的过去分词形式。而且根据上文可知作者是一个环保主义者，又根据下文“they had little knowledge of protecting environment”提示，此处句意为“被孩子们缺乏保护自然的知识所震惊(be struck by)”，故此处考查的是固定搭配 be struck by意为“被……所侵袭；被……所触动；被……所迷惑”，故选C。 4．考查名词。句意：演讲结束后，我在后座设立了一个展台，希望那些对此感兴趣的人能够亲自体验一下绿色生活方式，这种生活方式没有人表现出任何兴趣。结合上文可知，作者做了一场关于环保的演讲，而且根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入名词，故可推测，作者是在演讲场地设置的摊位，故此处句意最有可能是“演讲结束后，我在后座 (back-seat) 设立了一个展台”，故选E。 5．考查名词。句意：演讲结束后，我在后座设立了一个展台，希望那些对此感兴趣的人能够亲自体验一下绿色生活方式，这种生活方式没有人表现出任何兴趣。结合上文作者设置了一个展台，可知此处讲述的还是同一件事情，故可推知，此处句意为“希望对它感兴趣的学生能够进行展台(stand)亲身体验”，名词作定语，故选G。 6．考查名词。句意：所以我决定和音乐会的发起人合作发起一项活动：“任何能回答一个入门级环境问题的人都有资格参加音乐会。”根据文章分析，此处应该是音乐会的相关负责人与作者一起举办了活动，故可推知此处句意为“作者决定与音乐会发起人(promoter) 合作开展一项活动”，名词作宾语。故选H。 7．考查形容词。句意：所以我决定和音乐会的发起人合作发起一项活动：“任何能回答一个入门级环境问题的人都有资格参加音乐会。”根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入对环境问题的修饰词，故此处句意为“任何能回答入门级(entry-level) 环境问题的人都有资格参加音乐会”，形容词作定语，故选B。 8．考查动词。句意：很快音乐就能吸引他们来这里。据句子结构分析，此处缺少动词，而且根据上文提及的音乐会活动可知，此处句意为“很快音乐就把他们吸引(hook) 到这里来了”，故选I。 9．考查形容词。句意：在过去，穷人在自然中起着主导作用，他们清理荒地，种植庄稼，繁衍文明。根据固定搭配可知，此处应填入一个形容词，而且根据上一句“The once rural civilization has been replaced by the urban civilization”可知，此处想要表达的是“在过去，穷人在大自然中起着主导 (dominant)作用”，故选J。 10．考查动词。句意：是时候想想是谁赋予我们破坏自然的权力了。根据句子结构分析可知，此处为宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少谓语动词，而且结合上文作者提及的工业化和城市化带来的变化，可推知，此处句意“是时候想想是谁赋予了 (empowered)我们破坏自然的力量了”，故选K。 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．empowers    B．hands     C．innovative     D．mean     E.prints F.notes     G.shaving     H.store     I.tip     J.traceable     K.uneconomic The health food chain Tossed has just opened the UK’s firstcashless cafe.It’s another step towards the death of cash. This is nothing 1 . Money is tech.The casting of coins made shells, whales’ teeth and other such primitive forms of money redundant (多余的). The printing press did the same for precious metals: we started using paper 2 instead. Electronic banking put paid to the cheque. Contactless payment is now doing the same to cash, which is becoming less and less convenient. In the marketplace convenience usually wins. In a world without cash, every payment you make will be 3 . Do you want governments (which are not always benevolent), banks or payment processors to have potential access to that information? The power this 4 them is enormous and the potential scope for Orwellian levels of surveillance is terrifying. Cash, on the other hand, 5 its users. It enables them to buy and sell, and 6 their wealth, without being dependent on anyone else. They can stay outside the financial system, if so desired. Cash has its uses for small transactions — a chocolate bar, a newspaper, a pint of milk — which, in the UK, are still 7 to process by other means. It will always be the fastest and most direct form of payment there is. I like to 8 waiters, for example, in cash, knowing they will receive that money, without it being siphoned (转移) off by some 9 employer. I also like to shop in markets, where I can buy directly from the producer knowing they will receive the money, without middle men 10 off their percentages. Cash means total financial inclusion, a luxury the better-off take for granted. Without financial inclusion — and there will always be some who, for whatever reason, won’t have it — you are trapped in poverty. So beware the war on cash. 【答案】 1．C 2．F 3．J 4．B 5．A 6．H 7．K 8．I 9．D 10．G 【导语】这是一篇议论文。各种非现金支付方式的出现正在不同程度地改变着我们的生活，而实际上现金支付方式却有着各种各样的好处。 1．考查形容词。句意：这不是什么富有创新精神的事情。分析句子结构可知，空格处为后置定语修饰前面的不定代词nothing，innovative“革新的；新颖的；富有创新精神的”为形容词，作后置定语修饰nothing，符合句意。故选C。 2．考查名词。句意：印刷机对贵金属也做了同样的事情：我们开始使用纸币代替。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填名词，notes“票据”为名词，paper notes“纸币”，符合句意。故选F。 3．考查形容词。句意：在一个没有现金的世界里，你的每一笔付款都是可追溯的。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词作表语，traceable“可追溯的”为形容词，符合句意。故选J。 4．考查动词。句意：这种支付方式赋予他们的权力是巨大的，奥威尔式监控的潜在范围是可怕的。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填谓语动词的第三人称单数形式，hands“传给，交给”为动词，符合句意。故选B。 5．考查动词。句意：另一方面，现金让它的使用者享有自主权。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填谓语动词的第三人称单数形式，empowers“授权，增加（某人的）自主权”为动词，符合题意。故选A。 6．考查动词。句意：它使他们能够买卖和储存他们的财富，而不依赖任何人。根据前面的“to buy and sell, and”可知，空格处应填动词原形，与buy和sell并列，“store”为动词原形，符合句意。故选H。 7．考查形容词。句意：现金在小额交易方面有它的用处——一块巧克力、一份报纸、一品脱牛奶——这些在英国用其他的方式支付起来都是不划算的。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词，uneconomic“不经济的，不划算的”为形容词，be uneconomic to 意为“对……来说是不划算的”，符合句意。故选K。 8．考查动词。句意：举例来说，我喜欢用现金给服务生小费，因为我知道他们会收到这一部分钱，而不会被吝啬的雇主抽走一部分。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填动词原形，tip“给小费”为动词原形，符合句意。故选I。 9．考查形容词。句意：举例来说，我喜欢用现金给服务生小费，因为我知道他们会收到这一部分钱，而不会被吝啬的雇主抽走一部分。分析句子结构，空格处应填形容词作定语，mean“吝啬的，刻薄的”符合句意。故选D。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：我也喜欢在市场上购物，在那里我可以直接从生产商那里购买，而不会有中间人削减他们的百分比。根据前面的without middle men 可知，空格处应填动名词作without的宾语，shave“削减，减少”为动词，其动名词形式shaving作介词without的宾语，符合句意。故选G项。 Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．pursuits  B．interests  C． comparable  D．innovation  E. schedule  F. options G. realization      H. routes        I. subjects        J. recipes       K. motivated Creativity Is a Human Quality That Exists in Us When you think about creativity, it might be highly creative people like Mozart, Da Vinci or Einstein who spring to mind. They were all considered to be “geniuses” for their somewhat unique talents that led to global 1 in their fields. Their type of creativity is what's known as “Big C creativity” (or historical) and is not very common in everyday life. Not all of us can create works of art or music or scientific theories that are new to the world. But while we can’t all be Mozart, Da Vinci or Einstein,many people do enjoy creative activity — through hobbies such as water colour painting or playing the piano. And these types of 2 are often what people think of when asked what being creative looks like. Our finished pieces may not be 3 with the likes of the great masters, but often the process is therapeutic and the end result can be aesthetically pleasing. On top of hobbies and 4 , we all possess creative attributes that can help as we solve life’s problems and make decisions. It is this type of creativity that enables us to plan different 5 to get to the same destination, or how to fit in a trip to the supermarket when our 6 looks full. It might not sound very creative, but this aspect of creativity relies on our ability to consider 7 and assess their suitability, as well as how to make decisions based on personal prior experience or what we have learnt formally or informally. These examples are known as “Small C creativity” or “personal everyday creativity”. While Big C creativity is valued and celebrated, it is often Small C creativity that has allowed humans to flourish over thousands of years.It sets us apart from other animals and it is also the type of creativity which can be fostered through our education system and beyond into the workplace. Traditionally, research tells us that creativity has been largely associated with the arts. Our previous research has shown that teachers are often able to give examples of creative activity in arts 8 , but find it harder to do so when asked to describe creativity in subjects such as science. But there is a growing 9 that opportunities to be creative are found across a broader range of subjects. For instance, engineering provides opportunities to be Creative through problem solving, and history gives the opportunity to think creatively about why events happened, and what 10 those involved. 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．H 6．E 7．F 8．I 9．G 10．K 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了创造力的不同类型及其在日常生活中的体现。 1．考查名词。句意：他们都因为自己的独特天赋而被视为“天才”，这些天赋为他们在各自领域带来了全球性的创新。根据in their fields可知，此处指“创新”，作led to的宾语，应用名词innovation。故选D。 2．考查名词。句意：当被问及什么是创造力时，人们常常想到的是这些类型的爱好。根据上一句中的through hobbies such as water colour painting or playing the piano可知，此处指的是像水彩画或弹钢琴这样的爱好，因此应用名词pursuits“爱好，追求”，与hobbies并列作of的宾语。故选A。 3．考查形容词。句意：我们的成品可能无法与大师们的作品相媲美，但这个过程往往是有治疗作用的，最终的结果也可能是美观的。根据with the likes of the great masters可知，此处指的是与大师们的作品相比，我们的成品可能无法与之相媲美，因此应用形容词comparable“可比较的”，作表语。故选C。 4．考查名词。句意：除了爱好和兴趣，我们都拥有创造性属性，可以帮助我们解决生活中的问题和做出决定。根据hobbies and可知，此处指的是与hobbies并列的名词，表示我们除了爱好之外，还有兴趣，因此应用名词interest“兴趣”的复数，作of的宾语。故选B。 5．考查名词。句意：正是这种创造力使我们能够规划不同的路线到达同一个目的地，或者在我们的日程安排看起来很满的时候，如何安排去超市的行程。根据to get to the same destination可知，此处指的是到达同一个目的地的不同路线，因此应用名词routes“路线”，作plan的宾语。故选H。 6．考查名词。句意：正是这种创造力使我们能够规划不同的路线到达同一个目的地，或者在我们的日程安排看起来很满的时候，如何安排去超市的行程。根据looks full可知，此处指的是日程安排看起来很满，因此应用名词schedule“日程安排”，作when引导的时间状语从句的主语。故选E。 7．考查名词。句意：这听起来可能不太有创意，但这种创造力依赖于我们考虑各种选择并评估它们的适用性的能力，以及如何根据个人先前经验或我们正式或非正式学到的东西做出决定。根据and assess their suitability可知，此处指的是考虑选项并评估其适用性，因此应用名词options“选项”，作consider的宾语。故选F。 8．考查名词。句意：我们之前的研究表明，教师通常能够给出艺术学科中创造性活动的例子，但当被要求描述科学等学科的创造力时，他们发现很难做到这一点。根据describe creativity in subjects such as science可知，此处指的是艺术学科，因此应用名词subjects“学科”，作in的宾语。故选I。 9．考查名词。句意：但人们越来越认识到，在更广泛的学科领域中都能找到创造性的机会。根据that opportunities to be creative are found across a broader range of subjects可知，此处指的是人们越来越认识到在更广泛的学科领域中都能找到创造性的机会，因此应用名词realization“认识”，作there be句型的主语。故选G。 10．考查动词。句意：例如，工程学提供了通过解决问题来创造的机会，历史学提供了创造性地思考事件发生的原因以及这些事件如何激励相关人员的机会。根据those involved可知，此处指的是历史学提供了创造性地思考事件发生的原因以及这些事件如何激励相关人员的机会，因此应用动词motivated“激励”，作what引导的宾语从句的谓语。故选K。 【热点话题练习】 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．mark  B．reduced  C． aiming    D．appreciated  E. binding  AB．scheme AC． complex  AD．mirror  AE. dropped  BC． subject  BD．hardworking Plan to speed up house sales UK Ministers have pledged to cut the time and cost of buying a new home to kick-start Britain’s sluggish (疲软的) property market. The home buying process in the UK remains far too long, too 1 too uncertain and has seen far less digital innovation than many other sectors. In a package of measures, house sellers will be required to provide upfront information on the condition of their property, leasehold (租赁) costs and whether the sale is 2 to a chain from the moment it goes on the market. The government is also considering introducing 3 contracts into house purchase agreements to prevent buyers or sellers from changing their offer at the last minute to try to get a better deal. Ministers claim that the changes would cut the average transaction time by at least a month and save first-time buyers £710. However, the cost to sellers would increase as they would be required to provide and pay for more information upfront. The government said that overall the measures would reduce the number of transactions that fall through from one in three to one in seven. This 4 failure rate, it said, could directly save consumers about £255 million per year, on top of avoiding the stress of failed transactions. The reforms 5 changes to the housing market that were proposed when Labour was last in power. It introduced home information packs to give buyers more information beforehand, but the scheme was 6 when the Republicans came into power in the 2010 coalition. One of the criticisms of that proposal was that buyers would not want to rely on a basic home condition report provided by the seller and would end up having to pay for a separate survey. However, ministers insisted that the new 7 would help kick-start the housing market and make it easier and cheaper for first-time buyers to get on the ladder. Steve Reed, the housing secretary, said: “Our reforms will fix the broken system so 8 people can focus on the next chapter of their lives.” The changes have been 9 by some in the sector who said that they would drive modernisation. “The home-moving process involves many fragmented parts, and there’s simply too much uncertainty and costs along the way,” said Johan Svanstrom, chief executive of Rightmove. “We welcome the announcement today 10 to drive forward that much needed change and modernisation.” 【答案】 1．AC 2．BC 3．E 4．B 5．AD 6．AE 7．AB 8．BD 9．D 10．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了英政府计划多措缩短购房时间、降低成本以激活疲软楼市，新规遭卖方成本增加质疑，但获部分认可，其效仿旧方案且有望减少交易失败率。 1．考查形容词。句意：在英国，购房流程仍然过于冗长、过于复杂且充满不确定性，而且在数字化创新方面远逊于其他许多行业。根据后文“too uncertain”结合句意“复杂”可知应填形容词complex，作表语。故选AC。 2．考查固定短语。句意：在一系列措施中，房屋出售方将被要求在房屋上市销售之时，提前提供有关房屋状况、租赁费用以及销售过程是否涉及中间环节等信息。根据后文“to a chain”结合句意“取决于，受制于”可知短语为be subject to，故选BC。 3．考查动词。句意：政府也在考虑在购房协议中加入具有约束力的合同，以防止买家或卖家在最后一刻改变出价，企图争取更有利的交易条件。根据后文“to prevent buyers or sellers from changing their offer”结合句意“约束力的合同”可知短语为binding contracts，故选E。 4．考查形容词。句意：该公司表示，这一降低的失败率每年能够直接为消费者节省约2.55亿英镑，此外还能避免交易失败所带来的困扰。根据后文“failure rate”结合句意“降低的”可知应填reduced，做定语。故选B。 5．考查动词。句意：这些改革举措与工党上一次执政期间所提出的有关房地产市场的变革方案如出一辙。根据后文“changes to the housing market”结合句意“效仿、呼应”可知应填动词mirror，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语用原形。故选AD。 6．考查动词。句意：它曾推出家庭信息包，以便让购房者在购房前获得更多信息，但该计划在2010年联合政府执政期间被取消了。根据“when the Republicans came into power in the 2010 coalition”结合句意“取消”可知应填动词drop，根据上文was可知为一般过去时的被动语态。故选AE。 7．考查名词。句意：然而，部长们坚称，这项新计划将有助于推动房地产市场复苏，并使首次购房者更容易、更经济地购置房产。根据“would help kick-start the housing market and make it easier and cheaper for first-time buyers to get on the ladder”结合句意“方案”可知应填名词scheme，作主语，故选AB。 8．考查形容词。句意：住房大臣史蒂夫·里德表示：“我们的改革将修复这个破败的体系，让辛勤工作的民众能够专注于自己人生的下一个阶段。”根据“people can focus on the next chapter of their lives”结合句意“辛勤工作的”可知应填形容词hardworking，修饰名词people。故选BD。 9．考查动词。句意：这些变革得到了该行业一些人士的肯定，他们表示这些变革将推动行业的现代化进程。根据“who said that they would drive modernisation”结合句意“肯定”可知应填动词appreciate，根据上文have been可知为现在完成时的被动语态。故选D。 10．考查动词。句意：“我们对今天所发布的这一旨在推动这一迫切需要的变革与现代化进程的公告表示欢迎。”根据“to drive forward that much needed change and modernisation”结合句意“旨在”可知应填aiming，作后置定语修饰announcement。故选C。 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adjust    B．deliberating    C． disadvantage    D．nod E. wisdom    AB．distant    AC． discount    AD．awake AE. mounting    BC． menu    BD．prize Can I Give You Some Advice? I’d tell you not to read this article, but you’d probably ignore me and simply press ahead. You wouldn’t be alone. These findings come from a sweeping new study led by psychologist Igor Grossmann that suggests our instinct to politely 1 along to the advice we hear and then carry on with our own judgment is something we all do. Involving more than 3,500 adults across a dozen countries, Grossmann found that when people face tough decisions, they are far more likely to rely on intuition or reasoning than to take guidance from friends, family, or experts. Even in interdependent cultures that 2 group harmony, self reliance proved more durable than the advice of others. “Realizing that most of us instinctively ‘go it alone’ helps explain why we often ignore good counsel, despite 3 evidence that such counsel may help us make wiser decisions,” Grossman said. To examine this, Grossmann set up a simple experimental questionnaire asking participants to imagine tricky dilemmas. A team of anthropologists, linguists, and psychologists helped 4 the questions so they were relevant to the society where they were being asked. The researchers also probed decisions that would involve making choices that might 5 the one doing the choosing — whether to help a neighbor with their farm before the rainy season sets in, which might put tending to your own harvest in danger, or whether to help an academically struggling friend during your own study time. Participants were then asked which strategies they would use to make their decisions. Would they follow intuition? Seek advice from friends or family? Turn to the 6 of their larger group by, say, throwing the question to social media? By giving subjects a 7 of possible strategies, the researchers could see which approaches felt most natural. What emerged was a striking consistency. Across cultures, ages, and social backgrounds, self-reliant strategies — 8 alone or trusting intuition — topped the list. Seeking advice came in a (n) 9 second. In fact, only about one in 10 participants reported that consulting others would be their primary approach to handling a tough decision. “People were more likely to 10 others’ perspectives when it came to decisions involving social dilemmas—helping a friend or protecting one’s own interests — as compared to a choice between equally attractive options, for instance, which university to go to,” he wrote me. “But even in the latter case, people still favored self-reliant decision strategies.” Grossmann added. 【答案】 1．D 2．BD 3．AE 4．A 5．C 6．E 7．BC 8．B 9．AB 10．AC 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项由心理学家伊戈尔·格罗斯曼主导的大规模新研究，该研究表明人们在面对艰难决策时，本能地倾向于礼貌性地表面接受建议，然后仍依靠自己的判断，更偏爱自力更生的决策策略，而非采纳他人建议。 1．考查动词。句意：这些发现来自心理学家伊戈尔·格罗斯曼主导的一项大规模新研究，该研究表明，我们会出于本能礼貌地对听到的建议表示赞同，然后继续按自己的判断行事，这是所有人的共性。根据空前“politely”和空后“then carry on with our own judgment”可知，此处表示表面同意。动词“nod”意为“点头赞同（但未必真正接受）”，符合语境。故填D。 2．考查动词。句意：即便是在珍视群体和谐的互助型文化中，自力更生也比他人建议更具影响力。 分析句子结构，定语从句“that ______ group harmony”修饰“cultures”，从句中缺少谓语动词。根据句意，相互依赖的文化应“重视”或“珍视”群体和谐。“prize”作动词时意为“珍视、高度重视”，符合语境。故填BD。 3．考查形容词。句意：格罗斯曼表示：“意识到我们大多数人本能地倾向‘单打独斗’，有助于解释为什么我们常常无视良言，尽管有越来越多的证据表明这些建议能帮我们做出更明智的决策。”空格处需填入一个形容词修饰“evidence”，说明证据的性质。“mounting evidence”为常用搭配，意为“越来越多的证据”，符合“这样的建议可能有益”的语境。故填AE。 4．考查动词。句意：一组人类学家、语言学家和心理学家协助调整问题，使其适配问卷发放地的社会文化背景。根据“so they were relevant to the society”可知，团队帮助使问题适配不同社会，需要对问题进行“调整”或“修改”。“adjust”意为“调整、使适应”，符合语境。故填A。 5．考查动词。句意：研究人员还探究了那些可能会对决策者自身造成不利影响的选择——比如是否要在雨季来临前帮邻居打理农场，这可能会耽误自家的收成；或是是否要在自己的学习时间里，帮助一名学业困难的朋友。空格前的“might”提示此处需填入动词原形。“disadvantage”作动词时意为“使处于不利地位”，与“the one doing the choosing”搭配，表示选择可能对选择者自身不利，符合后文例子的逻辑。故填C。 6．考查名词。句意：他们会听从直觉吗？会征求亲友的建议吗？会求助更大群体的智慧——比如把问题发布到社交媒体上——来做决定吗？固定短语“turn to”后接名词，表示求助于某物。结合后文“throwing the question to social media”可知，“the wisdom of their larger group”意为“更大群体的智慧”，与“寻求建议”的语境相符。故填E。 7．考查名词。句意：通过为受试者提供一系列可行策略的选项清单，研究人员就能看出哪种决策方式最符合人们的本能。空格前有不定冠词“a”，此处需填入单数名词。“menu”本义为“菜单”，可引申为“清单、选项列表”，与“of possible strategies”搭配，表示提供给受试者的策略选择范围。故填BC。 8．考查动词。句意：在不同的文化、年龄和社会背景中，自力更生的策略——独自深思熟虑或信任直觉——位居榜首。破折号之间的内容是对“strategies”的具体举例，需填入一个与“trusting”平行的动词-ing形式。“deliberating”意为“深思熟虑”，与“alone”搭配表示独自仔细思考，是一种典型的自力更生策略。故填B。 9．考查形容词。句意：寻求建议位居遥远的第二。根据“came in a(n) ______ second”可知，此处需填入形容词修饰“second”，说明排名位置。“distant second”为常用表达，意为“远远落后的第二名”，强调与第一名的差距大，符合研究中“寻求建议”远不如“自力更生”流行的发现。故填AB。 10．考查动词。句意：他在写给我的邮件中提到：“在涉及社交困境的决策中——比如帮助朋友还是维护自身利益——人们更有可能不重视他人的看法；而在面对两个吸引力相当的选项（比如选择哪所大学）时，情况则不同。” 空处应填动词原形。“discount”作动词时意为“认为……不重要、不重视”，代入后表示人们在社会困境中更可能轻视他人观点，与后文“人们仍偏爱自力更生策略”的结论一致。故填AC。 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．self-entitled  B．pride  C． count  D．overwhelming  E. deliberate  AB．occurrence AC． Isolated  AD．Weight  AE. Distinct  BC． Scent  BD．unsettling Can Anyone Truly Be An Individual? The constant working engine that drives the majority of human action is, undoubtedly, the sweet dream of individualism. And while the presence of its 1 is undeniable throughout the worlds entirely, its value is worshiped to such an extent in a land no other than that of America. However, though most 2 themselves in their individualistic state, perhaps humans, when stripped to their core, are everything but. It is no new discovery that people are the sum of their experiences — this is a thought that has been quoted by numerous individuals throughout time. Yet, the 3 of this truth is often taken for granted. The 4 majority of human experience involves other humans, along with the interactions and relationships between them. It is a rare 5 when a life is built upon events devoid of (缺乏) this stimulus. Indeed, interaction is the core of experience. Therefore, in order that humans are the sum of their experiences, they must be the sum of the people that they meet, just as well. As an Americanized teen, the discovery that not only my 6 individualism was false, but that I, as a being, was a product, grew increasingly 7 to accept. Questions bothered me such as “If I am bits and pieces of everyone I have met — my family, my teachers, all of my friends, and even strangers — then what is left that is just me? What part of me is truly defining? How much of myself is the combination of different parts of different people?” Such are inquiries that I will continue to 8 on, as I have come to accept that they will remain a mystery. In fact, it is questionable whether there is a part of humans that remains uninfluenced at all. Therefore, with the allowance of this question, the response must be a change in the definition of “oneself”. The previously mentioned questions no longer concern me, as I have put a stop to the mindset that the “real” me is some lost 9 island atop an ocean of influence. I realized that my personality cannot depend on a distinction between influence, and an individualism, as such is a line that cannot be 10 . Instead, I must be a person whose composure is a beautifully hazy mixture, and a steady question. Thus, there exists a commonly unnoticed, enduring mystery: the frustration felt by those who can see through the lie of individualism. Hopefully, they will come to terms with this. 【答案】 1．BC 2．B 3．AD 4．D 5．AB 6．A 7．BD 8．E 9．AC 10．AE 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨“人能否成为真正个体”，指出个人受他人与经历影响，不存在纯粹个体，应转变对“自我”的定义。 1．考查名词。句意：虽然个人主义的气息在全世界范围内都不可否认，但它的价值在美国受到的推崇程度远超其他地方。分析句子结构可知，此处需填名词作主语，scent，意为“气息；迹象”，可引申为“某种理念的存在痕迹”，符合“个人主义广泛存在”的语境。故选BC。 2．考查动词。句意：然而，尽管大多数人都为自己的个人主义状态感到自豪，但或许当人类回归本质时，他们根本就不是（真正的个人主义者）。分析句子结构可知，此空应填动词作谓语，pride oneself in，为固定短语，表“为……感到自豪”，句子陈述普遍情况用一般现在时，主语为复数，动词用原形，符合“人们对个人主义的态度”语境。故选B。 3．考查名词。句意：然而，这个真理的重要性却常常被人们忽视。分析句子结构可知，此处需填名词作主语，结合语境“真理的重要性”，weight，意为“重要性；分量”，符合语义。故选AD。 4．考查形容词。句意：绝大多数人类经历都涉及他人，以及他们之间的互动和关系。分析句子结构可知，此空应填形容词修饰名词majority，overwhelming，意为“压倒性的；绝大多数的”，overwhelming majority，为固定搭配，表“绝大多数”，符合语境。故选D。 5．考查名词。句意：一种缺乏这种刺激（人际互动）的生活是很少见的。分析句子结构可知，此处需填名词作表语，occurrence，意为“发生的事情”，符合“罕见的情况”的语境。故选AB。 6．考查形容词。句意：作为一个美国化的青少年，我逐渐意识到，不仅我自以为是的个人主义是虚假的，而且我作为一个人，本身就是（他人影响的）产物，这一点越来越难以接受。分析句子结构可知，此空应填形容词修饰名词individualism，self-entitled，意为“自以为是的；自视有权的”，符合“青少年对个人主义的错误认知”语境。故选A。 7．考查形容词。句意：作为一个美国化的青少年，我逐渐意识到，不仅我自以为是的个人主义是虚假的，而且我作为一个人，本身就是（他人影响的）产物，这一点越来越难以接受。分析句子结构可知，此处需填形容词作表语，unsettling，意为“令人不安的；令人难以接受的”，符合“发现真相后的感受”语境。故选BD。 8．考查动词。句意：这些都是我会继续审慎思考的问题，因为我已经接受它们将永远是一个谜。分析句子结构可知，此处需填动词与on搭配，deliberate on，为固定短语，表“仔细考虑；审慎思考”，符合“对关于自我的深层问题持续思索”的语境。故选E。 9．考查形容词。句意：之前提到的问题不再困扰我，因为我已经摒弃了那种“真实的我”是一片迷失的、孤立的岛屿，漂浮在影响之海的心态。分析句子结构可知，此空应填形容词修饰名词island，isolated，意为“孤立的；与世隔绝的”，符合“将自我视为不受影响的独立个体”的语境。故选AC。 10．考查形容词。句意：我意识到，我的个性不能依赖于区分“影响”和“个人主义”，因为这样的界限是无法明确划分的。分析句子结构可知，此处需填形容词作表语，distinct，意为“清晰的；明确的”，cannot be distinct。表“无法明确区分”，符合“影响与个人主义相互交织”的语境。故选AE。 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．modified   B．edge   C． track   D．interfere   E. answer   F. innocent G. mechanism   H. aim   I. tailored   J. selection   K. regulate RNA-based Pesticides Enter the Field Insecticides can be a blunt weapon, killing 1 species along with pests. This year, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved what could be a solution: an RNA-based pesticide spray 2 to a gene in its intended target. Proponents believe this new, precise approach will be safer than existing chemicals and could work for many pests. The first RNA pesticide product takes 3 at the Colorado potato beetle, which has evolved resistance to existing chemicals and causes half a billion dollars in lost crops per year around the world. Invented by the company GreenLight Biosciences, Calantha is to 4 with a gene unique to the beetle. When larvae chew on leaves that have been sprayed, the RNA blocks expression of a key protein, and they die within days. This 5 , known as RNA interference (RNAi), is a natural process that most cells use to 6 gene expression and to defend themselves from viruses. After the discovery in 2007 that double-stranded RNA can cross the gut lining of insects and efficiently kill them, researchers tried to turn RNAi into a weapon against bark beetles, mosquitoes, and other insects. A genetically 7 variety of corn that makes its own RNA to kill corn rootworms came on the market in 2023. GreenLight is now developing another pesticide to kill the varroa mite, a notorious scourge of bee hives. Researchers now hope to adapt RNAi to kill moths and other so-called lepidopteran insects, which include some of the most damaging crop pests, such as the diamondback moth and the fall armyworm. Unlike beetles, however, lepidopterans have gut enzymes that easily destroy RNA before it can harm them. One potential 8 , packaging RNA inside a tiny protective shell, has become a hot research area. Insects and other pests are notorious for quickly evolving resistance to toxins, and researchers are already wondering how long it will take natural 9 to counter RNA insecticides. Lab tests have revealed the Colorado potato beetle and the corn rootworm can evolve resistance to RNA, if exposed to high enough doses. Like all inventions that try to take on nature, RNA insecticides will have to be used responsibly to keep their 10 . 【答案】 1．F 2．I 3．H 4．D 5．G 6．K 7．A 8．E 9．J 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了RNA干扰技术作为新型精准农药的原理与应用，该技术通过靶向特定基因选择性杀虫，相比传统化学农药更安全，但面临鳞翅目昆虫肠道分解RNA的挑战，且需警惕害虫抗药性演化。 1．考查形容词。句意：传统杀虫剂犹如钝器，在杀死害虫的同时也会误伤无罪的物种。空处作修饰species的定语，结合“a blunt weapon”可推知，F项innocent“无罪的”符合题意，表示“误伤无罪的物种”。故选F。 2．考查动词。句意：今年，美国环保署（EPA）批准了一种潜在解决方案：一种基于RNA的农药喷雾，根据其目标基因量身定制。空处作修饰pesticide spray的定语，结合下一句中的“this new, precise approach”可推知，I项tailored“定制”符合题意，为过去分词作定语，表示“根据其目标基因量身定制”。故选I。 3．考查名词。句意：首个RNA农药产品瞄准科罗拉多马铃薯甲虫，这种害虫已对现有农药产生抗性，全球每年造成5亿美元作物损失。空处作takes的宾语，结合“at the Colorado potato beetle”可推知，H项aim“目标”符合题意，构成短语take aim at“瞄准”，表示“瞄准科罗拉多马铃薯甲虫”。故选H。 4．考查动词。句意：由GreenLight Biosciences公司研发的Calantha农药将干扰甲虫特有的基因。空处和to构成不定式，作表语，结合下一句中的“the RNA blocks expression of a key protein”可推知，D项interfere“干扰”符合题意，表示“干扰甲虫特有的基因”，下文的“RNA interference”也是提示。故选D。 5．考查名词。句意：这种被称为RNA干扰（RNAi）的机制，是大多数细胞用于调控基因表达和抵御病毒的自然过程。空处作主语，结合“a natural process”可推知，G项mechanism“机制”符合题意，表示“被称为RNA干扰的机制”。故选G。 6．考查动词。句意：这种被称为RNA干扰（RNAi）的机制，是大多数细胞用于调控基因表达和抵御病毒的自然过程。空处和to构成不定式，结合“gene expression”可推知，K项regulate“调控”符合题意，表示“调控基因表达”。故选K。 7．考查形容词。句意：2023年，一种能自主产生杀虫RNA的转基因玉米上市，用于防治玉米根虫。空处被genetically修饰，作修饰variety的定语，结合“variety of corn”可推知，A项modified“修改的”符合题意，表示“转基因玉米”。故选A。 8．考查名词。句意：一个可能的答案是，将RNA包装在一个微小的保护壳内，这已经成为一个热门的研究领域。空处作主语，结合上一句“Unlike beetles, however, lepidopterans have gut enzymes that easily destroy RNA before it can harm them.”可推知，E项answer“答案”符合题意，表示“一个可能的答案”。故选E。 9．考查名词。句意：昆虫和其他害虫因迅速进化出对毒素的抵抗力而臭名昭著，研究人员已经在想，自然选择需要多长时间才能对抗RNA杀虫剂。空处被natural修饰，作take的宾语，结合“quickly evolving resistance to toxins”可推知，J项selection“选择”符合题意，表示“自然选择”。故选J。 10．考查名词。句意：如同所有对抗自然的发明，RNA杀虫剂需负责任地使用以维持其优势。空处作keep的宾语，结合“have to be used responsibly”可推知，B项edge“优势”符合题意，表示“负责任地使用以维持其优势”。故选B。 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．exclusively    B．fading    C． portion     D．pressed        E. reluctant    F. revealing   G. streaming     H. stuffed    I. tide        J. unremarkably    K. unspoilt The West Highland Line: Follow the Rail of Hogwarts Express Soaring mountains, expansive lakes and famous bridges have earned Scotland’s West Highland Line a place among the best railway journeys in the world. Starting in Glasgow, traveling north through historic villages and ending in the coastal village of Mallaig, this line is an easy and sustainable way to discover the Scottish Highlands. My journey on this scenic train route started rather 1 . The 08:12 train required me to begin my day alongside thousands of passengers 2 into Queen Street Station — many of whom held coffees and kept their eyes cast down ahead of another day in the office. And I was almost the only one traveling against the 3 . All of a sudden, we were in the southern reaches of the Highlands, where all was mirrored lakes and valleys 4 with Scots pine. Morning mist rolled between hills, hiding and then 5 more of this perfect landscape. The dying days of autumn were exceedingly beautiful and we were just an hour into the journey. Passengers’ phones and noses were 6 to windows. Some urgently tried to post their experience in real time to social media, but the Wi-Fi signal was weak in the mountains and I didn’t want to miss the extraordinary landscape. An indisputable highlight along this section is the Glenfinnan Viaduct (高架桥), which staff took time to announce in a small break. Fans of the Harry Potter films often lose their minds at this 7 of the 120-year-old line-the Hogwarts Express passes over this old viaduct in several of the movies. And I could easily see why it’s simply breathtaking to behold and attracts visitors from across the globe. It’s the longest concrete railway bridge in Scotland and spans about a thousand feet over the River Finnan around one hundred feet above the ground, passing through some of the most atmospheric and 8 scenery. By the time we left Mallaig at 16: 05, the mid — November daylight was already 9 , meaning my long journey back to Glasgow happened almost 10 in the dark. Not much was visible through the window as we started chugging south, but even in the blackness, I knew there was magic out there somewhere. 【答案】 1．J 2．G 3．I 4．H 5．F 6．D 7．C 8．K 9．B 10．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了本文讲述作者乘坐苏格兰西高地铁路线的旅程：开端平淡，驶入高地后，湖光山色与格伦芬南高架桥令人沉醉，返程虽天色渐暗，但这段旅程仍充满魔力。 1．考查副词。句意：我在这条风景优美的火车路线上的旅程开始时相当平淡无奇。分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词started，unremarkably意为“平淡无奇地”为副词，修饰动词started，符合语境。故选J项。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：8点12分的火车要求我和成千上万涌入皇后街车站的乘客一起开始新的一天——他们中的许多人端着咖啡，眼睛低低地看着又一天的工作。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰passengers，结合句意可知，此处为动词短语stream“涌入”符合语境，stream和passengers为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故选G项。 3．考查名词。句意：我几乎是唯一一个逆着潮流而行的人。分析句子可知，空前为冠词the，此处为名词作宾语成分，tide“潮流”为名词，符合语境。故选I项。 4．考查非谓语动词和固定短语。句意：突然间，我们来到了苏格兰高地的南部，那里全是像镜子一样的湖泊和长满苏格兰松的山谷。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语be stuffed with“充满，装满”，满足句意要求，结合句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰lakes and valleys，lakes and valleys和be stuffed with为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故选H项。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：晨雾在山间翻滚，掩盖了又暴露了这片完美的风景。分析句子可知，此处为and连接的hiding构成并列现在分词作状语，revealing“暴露”为现在分词，符合语境。故选F项。 6．考查固定短语。句意：乘客的手机和鼻子都被压在窗户上。分析句子可知，此处为固定搭配be pressed to the windows 表示“被贴在窗户上”，符合语境。故选D项。 7．考查名词。句意：《哈利·波特》系列电影的粉丝们经常会在这段有120年历史的线路上失去理智——霍格沃茨特快列车在几部电影中都会经过这座古老的高架桥。分析句子可知，空前为this指示代词，此处为名词形式作宾语，portion“部分”，符合语境。故选C项。 8．考查形容词。句意：它是苏格兰最长的混凝土铁路桥，跨度约1000英尺，横跨芬南河，距地面约100英尺，穿过一些最具大气和未受破坏的风景。分析句子可知，空后scenery为名词，此处为形容词作定语修饰该名词，unspoilt“未受破坏的”为形容词，符合语境。故选K项。 9．考查动词。句意：当我们在16点05分离开马莱格时，11月中旬的日光已经渐渐暗淡，这意味着我返回格拉斯哥的漫长旅程几乎完全是在黑暗中进行的。分析句子可知，此处为动词过去进行时作谓语成分，fading“渐渐暗淡”为动词，符合语境。故选B项。 10．考查副词。句意：当我们在16点05分离开马莱格时，11月中旬的日光已经渐渐暗淡，这意味着我返回格拉斯哥的漫长旅程几乎完全是在黑暗中进行的。分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词happened，exclusively“完全地”为副词，符合语境。故选A项。 Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．conclusive  B．documented  C． implications  D．interests  E. landscapes AB．hit AC． set AD．overall  AE. urgency BC． uses BD．volume Microplastics: harmful pollution must be contained New and concerning findings from environmental scientists about the impact of microplastics on crops and marine creatures add to a growing body of evidence about the damage caused to living systems by plastic pollution. The results, from a team led by Prof Huan Zhong at Nanjing University, China, are not 1 and require confirmation. But analysis showing that plastics could limit photosynthesis (the change of sunlight into chemical energy) must be taken seriously. If the researchers are correct, and main food crops are being reduced by about 12%, there are huge 2 for global agriculture and food supplies. This could add new 3 to efforts to tackle plastic pollution. There is no single route by which microplastic particles prevent plants from growing. The 4 effect is due to a combination of blocked sunlight and nutrients, and damage to soil and cells. When the researchers modelled the crop losses caused by an effect of this size, they found Asia was hardest 5 , potentially contributing to food insecurity and worsening hunger. The extent of the pollution of the Earth by microplastics has been widely 6 . The tiny particles that are formed when plastics break down in the environment have been found in breast milk, brains, livers and bones, and in remote areas including the Arctic seas. Plastic is already understood to pose serious threats to animals including sea creatures. It also ruins 7 , seriously impacting the people who live in them and anyone trying to make a living from tourism. Talks aimed at agreeing a UN treaty on plastic pollution ended in failure. Almost all single-use plastics are made from fossil fuels, and fossil-fuel businesses oppose any limits on production. But the enormous 8 of plastic waste, and the growing evidence of the range of harms it causes, mean action must be taken. Plastic will continue to have its 9 , but the growth of single-use items, including packaging, is out of control. Just 9% of plastic gets recycled. Fossil-fuel 10 must be held accountable for plastic pollution just as they are challenged over global heating caused by coal, oil and gas. 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．AE 4．AD 5．AB 6．B 7．E 8．BD 9．BC 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了微塑料污染对作物和海洋生物的危害，以及全球需要采取行动应对塑料污染的紧迫性。 1．考查形容词。句意：南京大学钟欢教授团队的研究结果并非结论性的，需要进一步证实。根据后文“require confirmation”可知，这些结果还不是最终确定的，因此需要填入表示“结论性的”形容词，应用 conclusive作表语。故选A。 2．考查名词。句意：如果研究人员是正确的，主要粮食作物减产约12%，那么这对全球农业和食品供应将产生巨大的影响。此处指研究发现带来的后果或影响，implications 意为“影响、含义”，符合语境，作主语。故选C。 3．考查名词。句意：这可能为应对塑料污染的努力增添新的紧迫性。前文提到微塑料可能降低光合作用，导致粮食减产，因此治理塑料污染变得更加紧迫。urgency 意为“紧迫性”，符合文意，作宾语。故填AE。 4．考查形容词。句意：总体效应是由于阳光和营养被阻塞，以及土壤和细胞受损的综合作用。此处指微塑料影响的多方面因素共同导致的整体效果，overall 意为“整体的”，修饰 effect，作定语。故填AD。 5．考查动词。句意：研究人员模拟了这种规模效应造成的作物损失，发现亚洲受打击最严重。hardest hit为固定搭配，意为“受打击最严重”，hit 在此作动词过去分词。故填AB。 6．考查动词。句意：微塑料对地球的污染程度已被广泛记录。此处表示“被广泛记录”，document意为“记录、证明”，此处应用过去分词形式与have been构成现在完成时的被动语态。故填B。 7．考查名词。句意：塑料还破坏了景观，严重影响当地居民和依赖旅游业谋生的人。landscapes意为“景观、地貌”，作宾语，与 ruins 搭配，表示对环境美观的破坏。故填E。 8．考查名词。句意：但塑料废物的巨大数量，以及越来越多证据表明其造成的各种危害，意味着必须采取行动。volume在此指塑料废物的“量、体积”，强调数量庞大，作主语。故填BD。 9．考查名词。句意：塑料将继续有其用途，但一次性物品（包括包装）的增长已失控。have its uses 意为“有它的用途”，表示塑料仍有实用价值，作宾语。故填BC。 10．考查名词。句意：化石燃料利益集团必须对塑料污染负责，正如它们因煤炭、石油和天然气导致全球变暖而受到挑战一样。interests在此指“利益集团、行业利益”，作主语。故填D。 Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．abuse   B．baked   C． block  D．broken   E. catching    AB．escaping AC． morality   AD．profile    AE. sea   BC． underlying    BD．unwritten Ad Blockers and the Headache at the Heart of the Modern Web The great philosopher Homer Simpson once memorably described alcohol as “the cause of and solution to all of life’s problems.” Internet advertising is a bit like that — the funder of and terrible headache 1 into everything you do online. Advertising sustains pretty much all the content you enjoy on the web, and many of the world’s most useful technologies may never have come about without online advertising. But at the same time, ads and the vast, hidden, data-sucking machinery that they depend on to track and 2 you are routinely the most terrible things about the Internet. Now, more and more web users are 3 the daily storm of online advertising by installing an ad blocker. This simple, free software lets you surf the web without encountering any ads that show up between you and the content you want to read or watch. Well, everyone may be 4 on. Ad blocking has been around for years, but adoption is now rising sharply, at a pace that some in the ad industry say could prove disastrous for the economic structure 5 the web. That has sparked a debate about the 6 of ad blocking. Some publishers and advertisers say ad blocking goes against the 7 contract that rules the Internet — the idea that in return for free content, we all tolerate constant appearance of ads. But in the long run, there could be a hidden benefit to blocking ads for advertisers and publishers. Ad blockers could end up saving the ad industry from its worst 8 . If blocking becomes widespread, the ad industry will be pushed to produce ads that are simpler, less aggressive, and are far more open about the way they’re handling our data, or risk getting blocked forever if they fail. “It’s clear to us that the ads ecosystem is 9 ,” said Ben Williams, a spokesman for Eyeo, the German company that makes Adblock Plus, the most popular ad-blocking software. “What we need is a(n) 10 change in the industry to get to a place where we have a good amount of better ads out there, ads that users accept.” 【答案】 1．B 2．AD 3．AB 4．E 5．BC 6．AC 7．BD 8．A 9．D 10．AE 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了互联网广告的利弊、广告拦截的兴起及引发的道德争论，还提及广告拦截对行业的潜在益处 。 1．考查固定短语、非谓语动词。句意：互联网广告有点像这样——它是你所有在线活动的资金来源，也是让你头疼不已的根源（被融入到你在线做的每一件事中）。根据“into everything you do online”可知，用固定短语bake into“把……融入，使成为……的一部分”，与逻辑主语headache为被动关系，用过去分词形式baked，作后置定语，修饰headache。故选B。 2．考查动词。句意：但与此同时，广告以及它们所依赖的庞大、隐蔽且会收集数据、用于追踪并分析你个人情况的机器，通常是互联网上最糟糕的东西。本空与空前的track“追踪”为并列关系，用动词profile“分析（某人或某事物的情况），为……画像，扼要描述”，在句中具体指广告依赖的机器通过收集数据来“分析你的情况、勾勒你的特征（比如你的兴趣、消费习惯、上网行为等个人画像相关信息 ）”，以便更精准地投放广告，符合语境。故选AD。 3．考查动词。句意：现在，越来越多的网络用户通过安装广告拦截器来逃避每日的在线广告风暴。根据“the daily storm of online advertising by installing an ad blocker”可知，用户安装广告拦截器是为了逃避广告，用动词escape“逃避，躲避”，本空用现在分词escaping，与空前的are构成现在进行时，表示正在进行的动作，故选AB。 4．考查固定短语。句意：嗯，所有人或许都正跟风效仿。根据下文“but adoption is now rising sharply”可知，广告拦截的使用率正急剧上升，所有人或许都正跟风效仿，用固定短语be catching on“变得流行，被人们接受并效仿”，本空用catching。故选E。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：广告拦截出现已有数年，但如今使用率急剧攀升，广告行业的一些人表示，这可能会给支撑互联网的根本经济结构带来灾难性后果。根据“the web”可知，此处指支撑互联网的根本经济结构，用动词underlie“支撑”，与逻辑主语economic structure为主动关系，用现在分词underlying，作后置定语，修饰economic structure，故选BC。 6．考查名词。句意：这引发了一场关于广告拦截道德性的争论。根据下文“the idea that in return for free content, we all tolerate constant appearance of ads”可知，即作为免费内容的回报，我们都容忍广告的不断出现，所以广告拦截引发了一场关于广告拦截道德性的争论，本空用名词morality“道德，道德性”，作about的宾语，故选AC。 7．考查形容词。句意：一些出版商和广告商说，广告拦截违反了统治互联网的不成文规则——即作为免费内容的回报，我们都容忍广告的不断出现。根据“contract that rules the Internet — the idea that in return for free content, we all tolerate constant appearance of ads”可知，此处指不成文规则，用形容词unwritten“不成文的”，修饰contract，作定语，故选BD。 8．考查名词。句意：广告拦截器最终可能会将广告行业从其最糟糕的滥用行为中拯救出来。广告行业可能存在滥用用户数据等不良行为，广告拦截可使其避免这些，本空用名词abuse“滥用，妄用”，作from的宾语，故选A。 9．考查形容词。句意：“我们很清楚，广告生态系统已经崩坏，”德国Eyeo公司发言人Ben Williams说道。该公司开发了最受欢迎的广告拦截软件——Adblock Plus。根据“the ads ecosystem is”可知，广告生态系统已经崩溃了，本空用形容词broken“破碎的，损坏的”，作表语，故选D。 10．考查名词。句意：我们需要的是行业内的彻底改变，以达到一个我们有大量更好广告、用户接受广告的地方。根据“change in the industry to get to a place where we have a good amount of better ads out there, ads that users accept”可知，此处指行业内的彻底改变，用固定短语sea change“彻底改变，巨大变化”，名词sea修饰change，强调改变的程度大，故选AE。 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．cyclical    B．drags    C． fixes    D．harmonizing E. milestones    F. naturally    G. rebound    H. respectively I. seasonal    J. sentiment    K. signals Global Tourism Rebalancing in 2025 The strain of overtourism continues to test well-known destinations worldwide. Iconic sites from Amsterdam to Mount Fuji now grapple with mounting pressures, including buckling infrastructure and growing resident discontent. Cities have adopted varied 1 : Venice imposes visitor fees, while Barcelona tightens short-term rental rules, yet their long-term success remains uncertain. Post-pandemic travel surged to unprecedented heights, yet 2024’s modest 2 over pre-COVID levels masked an unsustainable trend. The tourism industry now prioritizes 3 economic gains with community welfare, a shift from its earlier growth-at-all-costs mindset. Emerging 4 point to 2025 bringing a slowdown. Declining traffic to travel platforms and eased price growth suggest the market is self-correcting. Analysts view this shift with cautious optimism, interpreting it as part of the sector’s natural 5 patterns. Strategic destination management offers the most feasible path forward. Thoughtful measures such as 6 dispersion(spreading visitors across peak and off-peak times)and optimizing visitor flow aim to maximize benefits while minimizing disruptions. London, for instance, accommodates nearly 19 million annual visitors 7 proving balance is achievable. Opting for restrictive policies instead 8 down economic prospects. Competing destinations, by contrast, actively court expanding travel markets through relaxed regulations. Public 9 data reveals most residents still recognize tourism’s value, even amid localized challenges. This transitional phase presents an opportunity to redefine sustainable tourism models. The coming year may establish new 10 for harmonizing visitor experiences with community needs. Successful destinations will be those adopting innovative, data-driven solutions rather than merely reacting to issues as they arise. 【答案】 1．C 2．G 3．D 4．K 5．A 6．I 7．F 8．B 9．J 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了2025年全球旅游业重新平衡的相关情况及举措。 1．考查名词。句意：各城市已采取多种应对措施：威尼斯征收游客费，巴塞罗那收紧短租规定，但其长期成效仍未可知。根据后文“Venice imposes visitor fees, while Barcelona tightens short-term rental rules”可知，这些都是城市采取的措施，选项C“fixes”是名词，有“措施；解决办法”的意思，符合语境，故选C。 2．考查名词。句意：疫情后的旅游热潮达到了前所未有的高度，但2024年比新冠疫情前的水平略有反弹，掩盖了一种不可持续的趋势。根据“Post-pandemic travel surged to unprecedented heights”以及“yet”表示转折可知，2024年的旅游情况应该是比疫情前有所反弹，rebound是名词，意为“反弹”，符合语境，故选G。 3．考查名词。句意：旅游业现在优先考虑将经济收益与社区福利相协调，这与之前不惜一切代价追求增长的心态不同。根据“with community welfare”以及“a shift from its earlier growth-at-all-costs mindset”可知，这里说的是要将经济收益和社区福利进行协调，harmonizing是动词harmonize“协调”的动名词形式，此处作prioritizes的宾语，选项D“harmonizing”符合语境，故选D。 4．考查名词。句意：新出现的迹象表明，2025年旅游业将放缓。根据“point to 2025 bringing a slowdown”可知，这里说的是一些能表明这种情况出现的事物，选项K“signals”是名词，意思是“迹象；信号”，符合语境，故选K。 5．考查形容词。句意：分析人士谨慎乐观地看待这一转变，认为这是该行业自然循环模式的一部分。根据“patterns”以及语境可知，这里说的是行业的自然循环模式，选项A“cyclical”是形容词，意为“周期的；循环的”，符合语境，故选A。 6．考查形容词。句意：深思熟虑的措施，如季节性分散游客（在旺季和淡季分散游客）和优化游客流量，旨在最大限度地提高效益，同时尽量减少干扰。根据“spreading visitors across peak and off-peak times”可知，这里说的是季节性的分散游客，选项I“seasonal”是形容词，意为“季节性的”，符合语境，故选I。 7．考查副词。句意：例如伦敦，每年接待近1900万游客，自然就证明了这种平衡是可以实现的。此处需副词修饰动词accommodates，表示顺理成章的结果。F项 naturally“自然地”引导结论，语气自然流畅。故选F。 8．考查动词。句意：选择限制性政策反而会拖累经济前景。根据“Opting for restrictive policies”以及“economic prospects”可知，这里说的是限制性政策对经济前景的影响，选项B“drags”是动词drag“拖；拉”的第三人称单数形式，drag down是固定短语，意为“拖累”，符合语境，故选B。 9．考查名词。句意：公众情绪数据显示，尽管存在局部挑战，但大多数居民仍然认识到旅游业的价值。根据“data reveals most residents still recognize tourism’s value”可知，这里说的是公众情绪方面的数据，选项J“sentiment”意为“情绪；观点”，符合语境，故选J。 10．考查名词。句意：未来一年可能会为协调游客体验和社区需求确立新的里程碑。根据“for harmonizing visitor experiences with community needs”可知，这里说的是确立新的具有标志性意义的事物，选项E“milestones”意为“里程碑”，符合语境，故选E。 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．distress    B．pin    C． scare    D．coexisting E. unfold    F. channelling    G. single    H. familiarity I. barely    J. restorative    K. unlikely The Healing Power of Caring for a Pigeon (鸽子) Like many people, I have always considered pigeons to be annoying and dirty virus-carriers. These birds, often said to 1 off smaller, prettier species, had never interested me until Brian Buckbee’s memoir We Should All Be Birds changed my perception. One evening in 2020, Buckbee spotted a pigeon on a walk near his home in Missoula, MT. It was standing on one leg and staring right at him. “He had the funniest look in his eye, one of 2 , as if we had known each other for a long, long time.” This description showcases one of Buckbee’s remarkable skills: 3 a sense of personality into birds. As it turned out, the pigeon’s bent leg was injured, leaving it 4 able to fly and near starvation, so Buckbee brought it home, where he was no longer alone for the first time since the health crisis began, and he named the bird Two-Step. Like the bird, Buckbee was in 5 . He was once an ocean-swimming world traveller, but for the past few years, he had struggled with a disease that has no known cause, no clear cure. His memoir is about his 6 friendship with Two-Step, and with a dozen or so other sick pigeons that he later takes in. It is about more than 7 with wild creatures. It’s also about sorrow, loss, pain, loneliness, and the 8 power of love. It’s a striking illustration of how caring for another living creature — even a wild bird — can give life meaning. We Should All Be Birds takes place between May 2020 and January 2023, but Buckbee moves around in time to 9 the backstory — his relationship with a woman, his trips to Southeast Asia that might have caused the illness, and his memories of his mother. It joins a growing collection of books by writers who have bonded with birds and other animals. However, Buckbee’s humour, warm tone and delicate physical condition 10 this book out from the rest. 【答案】 1．C 2．H 3．F 4．I 5．A 6．K 7．D 8．J 9．E 10．G 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述布莱恩・巴克比照料生病鸽子的独特友谊，展现爱与关怀的治愈力量，赋予生命意义。 1．考查动词短语。句意：这些鸽子，据说常常会吓跑更小、更漂亮的物种，我一直对它们不感兴趣，直到布莱恩・巴克比的回忆录《我们都应该是鸟》改变了我的看法。此空在动词不定式符号to后应填动词原形，scare off，为固定搭配，表“吓跑”，be said to do为固定用法，此处用动词原形，符合“鸽子对其他物种的影响”语境。故选C。 2．考查名词。句意：它的眼神很有趣，一种亲切感，仿佛我们已经认识了很久很久。此空应填名词作介词of的宾语，familiarity，意为“熟悉；亲切感”，结合“as if we had known each other for a long, long time”可知，此处强调鸽子给人一种熟悉的感觉，符合语境。故选H。 3．考查动词。句意：这段描述展现了巴克比的一项非凡技能：赋予鸟类一种个性感。此空应填动词，与“a sense of personality”构成动宾关系，“channelling”（此处为动名词形式，表示列举），意为“传递；赋予”，“channelling a sense of personality into birds”，表示“把个性感赋予鸟类”，符合“展现技能”的语境。故选F。 4．考查副词。句意：事实证明，这只鸽子弯曲的腿受伤了，几乎不能飞，而且濒临饥饿，于是巴克比把它带回了家。此空应填副词修饰形容词able，barely，意为“几乎不；勉强”，结合“injured”和“near starvation”可知，鸽子受伤后几乎无法飞行，符合语境。故选I。 5．考查名词。句意：和这只鸟一样，巴克比也陷入了痛苦之中。此空应填名词作介词in的宾语，distress，意为“痛苦；苦恼”，结合后文“he had struggled with a disease that has no known cause, no clear cure”可知，巴克比身患重病，处于痛苦之中，符合语境。故选A。 6．考查形容词。句意：他的回忆录讲述了他与“两步”以及后来收养的十几只生病鸽子之间看似不可能的友谊。分析句子结构可知，此空应填形容词修饰名词 friendship，unlikely，意为“不太可能的”，结合常识，人类与野生病鸽建立深厚友谊本是不易之事，用“unlikely”能突出这份情谊的特别，符合语境。故选K。 7．考查名词性成分（动名词相关逻辑）。句意：这不仅仅是关于与野生动物共存。分析句子结构可知，此空应填能作介词than的宾语的词，“coexisting”（动名词形式），意为“共存；共处”，结合前文巴克比收养病鸽、建立友谊的情节，此处强调人与野生动物的共处关系，符合“超越表层关联，体现深度联结”的语境。故选D。 8．考查形容词。句意：它还关乎悲伤、失落、痛苦、孤独，以及爱的治愈力量。此空应填形容词修饰名词power，restorative，意为“恢复性的；治愈的”，结合后文“how caring for another living creature... can give life meaning”可知，爱具有治愈人心的力量，符合语境。故选J。 9．考查动词。句意：《我们都应该是鸟》发生在2020年5月和2023年1月之间，但巴克比穿梭于不同的时间线，以展开背景故事 —— 他与一个女人的关系、可能导致他生病的东南亚之旅，以及他对母亲的回忆。此空应填动词作目的状语，unfold，意为“展开；呈现”，unfold the backstory，表示“展开背景故事”，符合“回忆录中时间线切换以补充情节”的语境。故选E。 10．考查动词短语。句意：然而，巴克比的幽默感、温暖的语气和脆弱的身体状况让这本书独树一帜。此空需填动词与“out from the rest”构成短语表“脱颖而出”，single out，为固定搭配，意为“挑选出；使突出”，主语为复数，用动词原形，符合“本书与同类书籍形成区别”的语境。故选G。 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．architectural  B．tiredness  C． concentrated  D．raised  E. appetite  F. reportedly  G. resulted  H. Blessed  I. precisely  J. engagement  K. diverse To Stand out Again, Ancient Towns Must Readapt Featuring bridges over flowing streams and antique-looking architecture, ancient towns and cities have been cultural tourist hot spots nationwide. However, a recent news report about Dayong Ancient City in Central China’s Hunan Province has 1 doubts about whether such ancient towns still hold appeal. 2 with the unmatched advantage of being in the famous Chinese tourism city Zhangjiajie, the Dayong site has visitors few and far between and has 3 accumulated over 1 billion yuan ($140 million) in losses during its four-year trial operation. Its shocking drop has not just exposed the site’s failure, but also serves as a sharp reminder to the ancient town tourism industry: Travelers are losing their 4 for ancient town attractions amid the abundant choices available. Rooted in the country’s 5 regional cultures, China’s rich ancient town resources actually present a good starting point for the sector’s tourism growth. According to a report released by the China Tourism Academy, as of 2024, China’s ancient towns were largely 6 in six provinces including Sichuan, Zhejiang and Jiangsu, gathering more than half of the ancient town tourism sites of the country. However, in order to quickly “jump into the pool,” like what Zhang Jianchi, the director of Zhangjiajie Tourism Group who manages the Dayong Ancient City, told media, many ancient towns have all starting to carry out artificial redesigns. It is 7 such common designs that have made many ancient towns look similar when it comes to not only their 8 style or commercial layout, but even the experiences they offer. “Roasted sausages and squid (鱿鱼) , they all sell pretty much the same things. Looking through my photos, I can’t even tell which one I’ve visited,” Yao Yinghong, a 53-year-old visitor, told the Global Times. Yao’s experience actually reveals how the similarity of ancient towns has caused visual 9 in visitors. Today, travelers have shifted from mere “check-ins” to an “experience-first” mindset, valuing absorbing 10 over photos. They no longer visit just to “take memories home” but to “create stories worth telling.” This change in demand signals a crucial lesson for ancient towns’ future development: Finding more creative ways to tell the story of local narratives. 【答案】 1．D 2．H 3．F 4．E 5．K 6．C 7．I 8．A 9．B 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕古镇旅游展开讨论，阐述了古镇旅游吸引力下滑的现状、原因及未来发展需创新讲述本地故事的改进方向。 1．考查动词。句意：然而，最近一则关于中国中部湖南省大庸古城的新闻报道，引发了人们对这类古镇是否仍具吸引力的质疑。空处作谓语，结合语境及空后doubts，动词raised“提出；引发”符合题意，构成raise doubts about“对……提出质疑”的固定搭配。文章整体为现在完成时，has后接过去分词，raised为raise的过去分词。故选D。 2．考查形容词。句意：大庸古城坐拥中国著名旅游城市张家界这一无可比拟的优势，却游客寥寥，在四年试运营期间累计亏损已超过10亿元人民币（1.4亿美元）。空处作状语，结合语境及空后with the unmatched advantage，形容词blessed“有幸拥有的；具有……优势的”符合题意，blessed with为固定搭配，意为“享有……的福气；具有……优势”，句首单词，首字母大写。故选H。 3．考查副词。句意：大庸古城坐拥中国著名旅游城市张家界这一无可比拟的优势，却游客寥寥，在四年试运营期间累计亏损已超过10亿元人民币（1.4亿美元）。空处修饰谓语动词accumulated，结合语境，副词reportedly“据报道”符合题意，说明亏损这一情况的信息来源。故选F。 4．考查名词。句意：其令人震惊的衰退不仅暴露了该景区的失败，也深刻提醒古镇旅游业：在丰富的选择面前，游客正逐渐失去对古镇景点的兴趣。空处作宾语，结合语境及空后for ancient town attractions，名词appetite“兴趣；喜好”符合题意，构成lose one’s appetite for“对……失去兴趣”的固定搭配。故选E。 5．考查形容词。句意：中国丰富的古镇资源植根于该国多样的地域文化，实际上为该行业的旅游发展提供了良好的起点。空处作定语修饰regional cultures，结合语境及rich ancient town resources，形容词diverse“多样的；不同的”符合题意，体现地域文化的多元性。故选K。 6．考查形容词。句意：据中国旅游研究院发布的一份报告显示，截至2024年，中国的古镇主要集中在四川、浙江、江苏等六个省份，聚集了全国一半以上的古镇旅游景点。空处作表语，结合语境及gathering more than half of the ancient town tourism sites，形容词concentrated“集中的”符合题意，构成be concentrated in“集中在……”的固定搭配。故选C。 7．考查副词。句意：正是这种千篇一律的设计，使得许多古镇不仅在建筑风格或商业布局上看起来相似，甚至在提供的体验上也大同小异。空处修饰强调句型中的被强调部分such common designs，结合语境，副词precisely“正是；恰好”符合题意，加强语气，突出是这类设计导致了古镇的相似性。故选I。 8．考查形容词。句意：正是这种千篇一律的设计，使得许多古镇不仅在建筑风格或商业布局上看起来相似，甚至在提供的体验上也大同小异。空处作定语修饰style，结合前文ancient-looking architecture，形容词architectural“建筑的”符合题意，architectural style意为“建筑风格”，与前文的建筑相关表述呼应。故选A。 9．考查名词。句意：姚的经历实际上揭示了古镇的相似性如何导致游客产生视觉疲劳。空处作宾语，结合语境及the similarity of ancient towns，名词tiredness“疲劳；厌倦”符合题意，visual tiredness意为“视觉疲劳”，符合游客面对相似古镇景观的感受。故选B。 10．考查名词。句意：如今，游客已从单纯的“打卡”转向“体验优先”的心态，重视沉浸式参与而非拍照。空处作宾语，结合语境及experience-first mindset，名词engagement“参与；融入”符合题意，体现游客对深度体验、主动参与的重视，与单纯打卡拍照形成对比。故选J。 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accurate  B．artificial  C． captured  D．corresponding  E. decoding  F. dreamscape G. impact   H. perspective  I. previously  J. repeatedly   K. scanned Dream catchers Do androids (人形机器人), as science fiction novelist Philip K. Dick asked, really dream of electric sheep? The purpose and meaning of dreams have long been debated. Now scientists are getting closer to 1 what humans see as they sleep — and how a robot can reproduce it. In 2013, a neuroscientist who specializes in the nervous system and its 2 on behaviour. conducted an experiment with some test subjects. He had them take hundreds of brief naps in an MRI machine, 3 waking them so they could describe their dreams. He had already isolated the unique brain patterns for certain objects he’d shown subjects while awake. Their brains were 4 for those patterns as they napped, and a computer program automatically turned the basic contents of their dreams into short videos. The study found these were 70 percent 5 compared with what subjects remembered of their real dreams. Two years later Google engineers also 6 the dreamlike images of a computer. They fed millions of images into a brain-inspired computer program — a network of 7 nerve cells — to study how it learned to identify objects. Then they put it through Deep Dream, a program that enables the network to build its own program-fueled 8 by finding shapes in an image of random visual noise, like the disturbing noisy images you see on an old TV. The computer generated a fantastical scene from its machine-learned knowledge. As in a dream, 9 seen images were rearranged into new patterns. It won’t be possible to produce a precise recording of human dreams until scientists discover how dreams originate in the brain, says Jack Gallant, a professor of psychology at UC Berkeley — or they build a databank of brain activity 10 to every thought. He compares it to building a language translation program:”You have a language but nothing it refers to. “ 【答案】 1．E 2．G 3．J 4．K 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．F 9．I 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家在解码人类梦境及让机器人重现梦境方面的研究进展与探索。 1．考查动名词。句意：现在科学家们越来越接近解码人类睡眠时所看到的东西——以及机器人如何重现它。根据下文“what humans see as they sleep”可知，这里说的是科学家在探索人类睡眠时看到的景象，也就是“解码”这些景象，用动词decode“解码”，get closer to doing sth.表示“接近做某事”，本空用动名词decoding，作宾语。故选E。 2．考查名词。句意：2013年，一位专门研究神经系统及其对行为影响的神经科学家对一些受试者进行了一项实验。根据空后的“on behaviour”以及常识可知，神经系统会对行为产生影响，本空用名词impact，与空后的on搭配，表示“对……的影响”。故选G。 3．考查副词。句意：他让他们在核磁共振成像仪中打数百次短暂的盹，反复叫醒他们，以便他们能描述自己的梦。根据前文“He had them take hundreds of brief naps”和后文“waking them”可知，为了获取受试者做梦的信息，需要多次叫醒他们，所以用副词repeatedly“反复地”，修饰动词waking，作状语。故选J。 4．考查被动语态。句意：当他们打盹时，他们的大脑被扫描以寻找这些模式，一个计算机程序自动将他们梦的基本内容转换成短视频。根据前文“He had them take hundreds of brief naps in an MRI machine”提到在核磁共振成像仪中做实验，以及后文“for those patterns as they napped, and a computer program automatically turned the basic contents of their dreams into short videos”提到计算机程序处理大脑信息可知，这里是说大脑被扫描，用动词scan“扫描”，与主语Their brains为被动关系，本空用过去分词scanned，与空前的were构成一般过去时的被动语态。故选K。 5．考查形容词。句意：研究发现，与受试者对真实梦境的记忆相比，这些（转换后的视频）的准确率为70%。根据“compared with what subjects remembered of their real dreams”可知，这里是将转换后的视频和真实梦境记忆作比较，说的是准确率，用形容词accurate“准确的”，作表语。故选A。 6．考查动词。句意：两年后，谷歌的工程师们也捕捉到了计算机的梦幻般的图像。根据后文“the dreamlike images of a computer”可知，描述工程师们对计算机进行一系列操作来获取图像，这里用capture“捕捉”符合语境，且本句描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故选C。 7．考查形容词。句意：他们将数百万张图像输入到一个受大脑启发的计算机程序中——一个由人工神经细胞组成的网络——以研究它如何学习识别物体。根据“a brain-inspired computer program”、“nerve cells”和常识可知，计算机程序中的神经细胞是人工的，用形容词artificial“人工的”，修饰名词nerve cells，作前置定语。故选B。 8．考查名词。句意：然后他们让它通过Deep Dream程序，这个程序使网络能够通过在随机视觉噪声的图像中寻找形状，构建自己由程序驱动的梦幻场景，就像你在旧电视上看到的令人不安的嘈杂图像一样。根据后文“As in a dream”可知，这里说的是构建类似梦境的场景，用名词dreamscape“梦幻场景”，作build的宾语。故选F。 9．考查副词。句意：就像在梦中一样，以前看到的图像被重新排列成新的模式。根据“seen images were rearranged into new patterns”可知，这里说的是之前看到的图像被重新排列，用副词previously“以前，先前”，修饰动词seen，作状语。故选I。 10．考查形容词。句意：加州大学伯克利分校的心理学教授杰克·加兰特说，除非科学家发现梦是如何在大脑中产生的，或者他们建立一个与每个想法对应的大脑活动数据库，否则不可能对人类梦境进行精确记录。根据“to every thought”可知，此处表示建立一个与每个想法对应的大脑活动数据库，corresponding to... 表示“与……对应”，所以用形容词corresponding，作定语，修饰a databank of brain activity。故选D。 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．abstract    B．bonding    C． conflict    D．constructively E. deepen    F. massively    G. mean    H. pretending I. redefine    J. shame    K. tempting In Defense of Gossip Culturally, gossip has a poor reputation. It is often seen as a female activity or simply as talking badly about others. However, the social and emotional functions of gossip are   1 overlooked. Gossip allows us to make sense of   2 thought: When we gossip about people productively, we are analyzing their behavioral patterns, which includes contextualizing their actions with their motives and influences. Hence, good-faith gossip can   3 understanding and empathy (共鸣), better equipping individuals to find the right way to resolve referenced conflicts. On another level, we are   4 with people we gossip with. Sharing worries or frustrations with trusted friends builds closeness. It lets us be honest instead of   5 to always be patient. It shows we trust our friends not to use our words against others. Of course, gossip can sometimes become   6 . It can spread false information or   7 people. Private information can be shared without permission, causing hurt. But these problems come from how gossip is used, not from gossip itself. We can’t simply say gossip is morally wrong. What matters is whether it is used to understand and help, not to harm. When there are an intention and an effort to gossip   8 rather than destructively, we use gossip as a social and emotional tool that gives us a space to process, empathize, connect, and relax. Every day, we can decide to be kinder individuals and to fulfill the obligations (责任) as sensible beings. We cannot entirely stay away from gossip because of its bad reputation. Instead, we must   9 it. “Quitting” gossip is not as productive as thinking of it as a nonjudgmental method of social observation and   10 resolution. After all, gossip isn’t only about what we say about others: It’s about how we choose to understand them. 【答案】 1．F 2．A 3．E 4．B 5．H 6．K 7．J 8．D 9．I 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要为流言正名，阐述其积极社交功能并指出关键在于正确使用。 1．考查副词。句意：然而，流言在社交和情感方面的作用却被极大地忽视了。空处修饰动词overlooked，应用副词；结合选项，副词massively“极大地；大量地”符合语境，指流言的积极作用被严重忽视。故选F。 2．考查形容词。句意：流言能帮助我们理解抽象的想法：当我们有益地谈论他人时，我们会分析他们的行为模式，包括结合他们的动机和影响来解读其行为。空处修饰名词thought，应用形容词；形容词abstract“抽象的”符合语境，指流言可将抽象想法具象化分析。故选A。 3．考查动词。句意：因此，善意的流言能够加深理解和共鸣，让人们更有能力找到解决相关冲突的正确方法。情态动词can后接动词原形；结合后文better equipping individuals to find the right way to resolve referenced conflicts可知，动词deepen“加深；深化”符合语境，指善意流言的积极作用。故选E。 4．考查固定搭配。句意：在另一个层面上，我们会和一起聊八卦的人建立情感联结。固定搭配bond with sb. 意为“与某人建立亲密关系”，此处用现在进行时，结合选项填bonding。故选B。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：它让我们能够坦诚相待，而不必假装总是很有耐心。介词短语instead of后接动名词形式；结合前文lets us be honest可知，动词pretending“假装”符合语境，指不用伪装自己的情绪。故选H。 6．考查形容词。句意：当然，流言有时也会变得具有诱惑性（易引人误入歧途）。系动词become后接形容词作表语；结合后文It can spread false information可知，形容词 tempting“诱惑人的；易引发不良后果的”符合语境，指流言存在的负面影响隐患。故选K。 7．考查动词。句意：它可能会传播虚假信息，或者让人蒙羞。情态动词can后接动词原形，与spread并列作谓语；结合后文causing hurt可知，动词shame“使蒙羞；使丢脸”符合语境，指流言的伤害性。故选J。 8．考查副词。句意：当我们有意且努力地建设性地聊八卦，而非破坏性地传播时，流言就成了一种社交和情感工具，能给我们提供一个处理情绪、产生共鸣、建立联结和放松的空间。空处修饰动词gossip，应用副词；结合后文rather than destructively可知，副词constructively“建设性地”与之对应，指正确的流言方式。故选D。 9．考查动词。句意：相反，我们必须重新定义它。情态动词must后接动词原形；结合前文We cannot entirely stay away from gossip because of its bad reputation可知，动词redefine“重新定义”符合语境，指不否定流言，而是重新认识它的价值。故选I。 10．考查名词。句意：与其“戒掉”流言，不如将其视为一种无偏见的社会观察和冲突解决方法，这样会更有意义。空处与social observation并列，作介词of的宾语，应用名词；结合前文resolve referenced conflicts可知，名词conflict“冲突”符合语境，指流言可作为解决冲突的途径。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题10 选词填空15篇 (上海专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 人与环境 2 适中 支付方式,社会问题与社会现象 3 适中 社会问题与社会现象 4 适中 社会问题与社会现象 5 较难 社会问题与社会现象 6 较难 哲理感悟 7 较难 发明与创造 ,可持续农业 8 适中 旅游观光,个人经历 9 适中 环境保护,环境污染 10 较难 社会问题与社会现象,广告/布告 11 适中 社会问题与社会现象,旅游观光 12 较难 人与动植物,生活故事 13 适中 中国城市,旅游观光 14 较难 科学技术 ,人工智能 15 适中 社会问题与社会现象,社会关系 【高考典例】 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．applauding    B．entry-level  C． struck  D．fascination  E. back-seat  F. stuck G. stand         H. promoter   I. hook   J. dominant     K. empowered The nature is part of us. Therefore, it holds a mysterious 1 for me. In my memory, the valley was quiet and calm, only to see the wheat all over the mountains waving together in rhythm when the wind blew through, like a ballet troupe. The sun rose every morning as usual, sweeping across the valley and ultimately falling behind the peaks. The snow that falls in winter always melts in spring, bringing new hope to this nature where everything was pleasant and beautiful. Led by fate, I have became an environmentalist and had the honor of being invited to address students about my green lifestyle for a long time. The students were surprised at my lifestyle and maybe they thought my lifestyle was no longer suitable for modern life. Fortunately, they were still listened to whole lecture, saluting or 2 me——to some extent the applause implied their encouragement to me. As I began to interact with them under the stage, I was 3 by kids’ lack of knowledge of nature so that they had little knowledge of protecting environment. After the address, I put up a stand in the 4 offering green food, hoping them interested in it to get the 5 experiencing a first-hand feeling of the green lifestyle no one shows any interest in. So I decided to team up with the concert 6 to run a campaign: “anyone who can answer a(n) 7 environmental question is qualified to attend the concert. Soon the music can 8 them coming here”. Since then , I have been considering why kids today do not have the same deep appreciation for nature that I do. One of the significant factors may be that the former rural civilization has been replaced by the urban civilization. In the past, the poor played the 9 role in the nature, so they cleared the wasteland, planted crops and reproduced civilization. With the massive invasion of industrialization and urbanization, people were forced to move away from nature. The struggle between tradition and modernity, the confrontation between humans and nature has led people to believe that they are the masters of the universe. Is this really the case? It is time to think about who 10 us to destroy nature. Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．empowers    B．hands     C．innovative     D．mean     E.prints F.notes     G.shaving     H.store     I.tip     J.traceable     K.uneconomic The health food chain Tossed has just opened the UK’s firstcashless cafe.It’s another step towards the death of cash. This is nothing 1 . Money is tech.The casting of coins made shells, whales’ teeth and other such primitive forms of money redundant (多余的). The printing press did the same for precious metals: we started using paper 2 instead. Electronic banking put paid to the cheque. Contactless payment is now doing the same to cash, which is becoming less and less convenient. In the marketplace convenience usually wins. In a world without cash, every payment you make will be 3 . Do you want governments (which are not always benevolent), banks or payment processors to have potential access to that information? The power this 4 them is enormous and the potential scope for Orwellian levels of surveillance is terrifying. Cash, on the other hand, 5 its users. It enables them to buy and sell, and 6 their wealth, without being dependent on anyone else. They can stay outside the financial system, if so desired. Cash has its uses for small transactions — a chocolate bar, a newspaper, a pint of milk — which, in the UK, are still 7 to process by other means. It will always be the fastest and most direct form of payment there is. I like to 8 waiters, for example, in cash, knowing they will receive that money, without it being siphoned (转移) off by some 9 employer. I also like to shop in markets, where I can buy directly from the producer knowing they will receive the money, without middle men 10 off their percentages. Cash means total financial inclusion, a luxury the better-off take for granted. Without financial inclusion — and there will always be some who, for whatever reason, won’t have it — you are trapped in poverty. So beware the war on cash. Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．pursuits  B．interests  C． comparable  D．innovation  E. schedule  F. options G. realization      H. routes        I. subjects        J. recipes       K. motivated Creativity Is a Human Quality That Exists in Us When you think about creativity, it might be highly creative people like Mozart, Da Vinci or Einstein who spring to mind. They were all considered to be “geniuses” for their somewhat unique talents that led to global 1 in their fields. Their type of creativity is what's known as “Big C creativity” (or historical) and is not very common in everyday life. Not all of us can create works of art or music or scientific theories that are new to the world. But while we can’t all be Mozart, Da Vinci or Einstein,many people do enjoy creative activity — through hobbies such as water colour painting or playing the piano. And these types of 2 are often what people think of when asked what being creative looks like. Our finished pieces may not be 3 with the likes of the great masters, but often the process is therapeutic and the end result can be aesthetically pleasing. On top of hobbies and 4 , we all possess creative attributes that can help as we solve life’s problems and make decisions. It is this type of creativity that enables us to plan different 5 to get to the same destination, or how to fit in a trip to the supermarket when our 6 looks full. It might not sound very creative, but this aspect of creativity relies on our ability to consider 7 and assess their suitability, as well as how to make decisions based on personal prior experience or what we have learnt formally or informally. These examples are known as “Small C creativity” or “personal everyday creativity”. While Big C creativity is valued and celebrated, it is often Small C creativity that has allowed humans to flourish over thousands of years.It sets us apart from other animals and it is also the type of creativity which can be fostered through our education system and beyond into the workplace. Traditionally, research tells us that creativity has been largely associated with the arts. Our previous research has shown that teachers are often able to give examples of creative activity in arts 8 , but find it harder to do so when asked to describe creativity in subjects such as science. But there is a growing 9 that opportunities to be creative are found across a broader range of subjects. For instance, engineering provides opportunities to be Creative through problem solving, and history gives the opportunity to think creatively about why events happened, and what 10 those involved. 【热点话题练习】 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．mark  B．reduced  C． aiming    D．appreciated  E. binding  AB．scheme AC． complex  AD．mirror  AE. dropped  BC． subject  BD．hardworking Plan to speed up house sales UK Ministers have pledged to cut the time and cost of buying a new home to kick-start Britain’s sluggish (疲软的) property market. The home buying process in the UK remains far too long, too 1 too uncertain and has seen far less digital innovation than many other sectors. In a package of measures, house sellers will be required to provide upfront information on the condition of their property, leasehold (租赁) costs and whether the sale is 2 to a chain from the moment it goes on the market. The government is also considering introducing 3 contracts into house purchase agreements to prevent buyers or sellers from changing their offer at the last minute to try to get a better deal. Ministers claim that the changes would cut the average transaction time by at least a month and save first-time buyers £710. However, the cost to sellers would increase as they would be required to provide and pay for more information upfront. The government said that overall the measures would reduce the number of transactions that fall through from one in three to one in seven. This 4 failure rate, it said, could directly save consumers about £255 million per year, on top of avoiding the stress of failed transactions. The reforms 5 changes to the housing market that were proposed when Labour was last in power. It introduced home information packs to give buyers more information beforehand, but the scheme was 6 when the Republicans came into power in the 2010 coalition. One of the criticisms of that proposal was that buyers would not want to rely on a basic home condition report provided by the seller and would end up having to pay for a separate survey. However, ministers insisted that the new 7 would help kick-start the housing market and make it easier and cheaper for first-time buyers to get on the ladder. Steve Reed, the housing secretary, said: “Our reforms will fix the broken system so 8 people can focus on the next chapter of their lives.” The changes have been 9 by some in the sector who said that they would drive modernisation. “The home-moving process involves many fragmented parts, and there’s simply too much uncertainty and costs along the way,” said Johan Svanstrom, chief executive of Rightmove. “We welcome the announcement today 10 to drive forward that much needed change and modernisation.” Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adjust    B．deliberating    C． disadvantage    D．nod E. wisdom    AB．distant    AC． discount    AD．awake AE. mounting    BC． menu    BD．prize Can I Give You Some Advice? I’d tell you not to read this article, but you’d probably ignore me and simply press ahead. You wouldn’t be alone. These findings come from a sweeping new study led by psychologist Igor Grossmann that suggests our instinct to politely 1 along to the advice we hear and then carry on with our own judgment is something we all do. Involving more than 3,500 adults across a dozen countries, Grossmann found that when people face tough decisions, they are far more likely to rely on intuition or reasoning than to take guidance from friends, family, or experts. Even in interdependent cultures that 2 group harmony, self reliance proved more durable than the advice of others. “Realizing that most of us instinctively ‘go it alone’ helps explain why we often ignore good counsel, despite 3 evidence that such counsel may help us make wiser decisions,” Grossman said. To examine this, Grossmann set up a simple experimental questionnaire asking participants to imagine tricky dilemmas. A team of anthropologists, linguists, and psychologists helped 4 the questions so they were relevant to the society where they were being asked. The researchers also probed decisions that would involve making choices that might 5 the one doing the choosing — whether to help a neighbor with their farm before the rainy season sets in, which might put tending to your own harvest in danger, or whether to help an academically struggling friend during your own study time. Participants were then asked which strategies they would use to make their decisions. Would they follow intuition? Seek advice from friends or family? Turn to the 6 of their larger group by, say, throwing the question to social media? By giving subjects a 7 of possible strategies, the researchers could see which approaches felt most natural. What emerged was a striking consistency. Across cultures, ages, and social backgrounds, self-reliant strategies — 8 alone or trusting intuition — topped the list. Seeking advice came in a (n) 9 second. In fact, only about one in 10 participants reported that consulting others would be their primary approach to handling a tough decision. “People were more likely to 10 others’ perspectives when it came to decisions involving social dilemmas—helping a friend or protecting one’s own interests — as compared to a choice between equally attractive options, for instance, which university to go to,” he wrote me. “But even in the latter case, people still favored self-reliant decision strategies.” Grossmann added. Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．self-entitled  B．pride  C． count  D．overwhelming  E. deliberate  AB．occurrence AC． Isolated  AD．Weight  AE. Distinct  BC． Scent  BD．unsettling Can Anyone Truly Be An Individual? The constant working engine that drives the majority of human action is, undoubtedly, the sweet dream of individualism. And while the presence of its 1 is undeniable throughout the worlds entirely, its value is worshiped to such an extent in a land no other than that of America. However, though most 2 themselves in their individualistic state, perhaps humans, when stripped to their core, are everything but. It is no new discovery that people are the sum of their experiences — this is a thought that has been quoted by numerous individuals throughout time. Yet, the 3 of this truth is often taken for granted. The 4 majority of human experience involves other humans, along with the interactions and relationships between them. It is a rare 5 when a life is built upon events devoid of (缺乏) this stimulus. Indeed, interaction is the core of experience. Therefore, in order that humans are the sum of their experiences, they must be the sum of the people that they meet, just as well. As an Americanized teen, the discovery that not only my 6 individualism was false, but that I, as a being, was a product, grew increasingly 7 to accept. Questions bothered me such as “If I am bits and pieces of everyone I have met — my family, my teachers, all of my friends, and even strangers — then what is left that is just me? What part of me is truly defining? How much of myself is the combination of different parts of different people?” Such are inquiries that I will continue to 8 on, as I have come to accept that they will remain a mystery. In fact, it is questionable whether there is a part of humans that remains uninfluenced at all. Therefore, with the allowance of this question, the response must be a change in the definition of “oneself”. The previously mentioned questions no longer concern me, as I have put a stop to the mindset that the “real” me is some lost 9 island atop an ocean of influence. I realized that my personality cannot depend on a distinction between influence, and an individualism, as such is a line that cannot be 10 . Instead, I must be a person whose composure is a beautifully hazy mixture, and a steady question. Thus, there exists a commonly unnoticed, enduring mystery: the frustration felt by those who can see through the lie of individualism. Hopefully, they will come to terms with this. Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．modified   B．edge   C． track   D．interfere   E. answer   F. innocent G. mechanism   H. aim   I. tailored   J. selection   K. regulate RNA-based Pesticides Enter the Field Insecticides can be a blunt weapon, killing 1 species along with pests. This year, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved what could be a solution: an RNA-based pesticide spray 2 to a gene in its intended target. Proponents believe this new, precise approach will be safer than existing chemicals and could work for many pests. The first RNA pesticide product takes 3 at the Colorado potato beetle, which has evolved resistance to existing chemicals and causes half a billion dollars in lost crops per year around the world. Invented by the company GreenLight Biosciences, Calantha is to 4 with a gene unique to the beetle. When larvae chew on leaves that have been sprayed, the RNA blocks expression of a key protein, and they die within days. This 5 , known as RNA interference (RNAi), is a natural process that most cells use to 6 gene expression and to defend themselves from viruses. After the discovery in 2007 that double-stranded RNA can cross the gut lining of insects and efficiently kill them, researchers tried to turn RNAi into a weapon against bark beetles, mosquitoes, and other insects. A genetically 7 variety of corn that makes its own RNA to kill corn rootworms came on the market in 2023. GreenLight is now developing another pesticide to kill the varroa mite, a notorious scourge of bee hives. Researchers now hope to adapt RNAi to kill moths and other so-called lepidopteran insects, which include some of the most damaging crop pests, such as the diamondback moth and the fall armyworm. Unlike beetles, however, lepidopterans have gut enzymes that easily destroy RNA before it can harm them. One potential 8 , packaging RNA inside a tiny protective shell, has become a hot research area. Insects and other pests are notorious for quickly evolving resistance to toxins, and researchers are already wondering how long it will take natural 9 to counter RNA insecticides. Lab tests have revealed the Colorado potato beetle and the corn rootworm can evolve resistance to RNA, if exposed to high enough doses. Like all inventions that try to take on nature, RNA insecticides will have to be used responsibly to keep their 10 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．exclusively    B．fading    C． portion     D．pressed        E. reluctant    F. revealing   G. streaming     H. stuffed    I. tide        J. unremarkably    K. unspoilt The West Highland Line: Follow the Rail of Hogwarts Express Soaring mountains, expansive lakes and famous bridges have earned Scotland’s West Highland Line a place among the best railway journeys in the world. Starting in Glasgow, traveling north through historic villages and ending in the coastal village of Mallaig, this line is an easy and sustainable way to discover the Scottish Highlands. My journey on this scenic train route started rather 1 . The 08:12 train required me to begin my day alongside thousands of passengers 2 into Queen Street Station — many of whom held coffees and kept their eyes cast down ahead of another day in the office. And I was almost the only one traveling against the 3 . All of a sudden, we were in the southern reaches of the Highlands, where all was mirrored lakes and valleys 4 with Scots pine. Morning mist rolled between hills, hiding and then 5 more of this perfect landscape. The dying days of autumn were exceedingly beautiful and we were just an hour into the journey. Passengers’ phones and noses were 6 to windows. Some urgently tried to post their experience in real time to social media, but the Wi-Fi signal was weak in the mountains and I didn’t want to miss the extraordinary landscape. An indisputable highlight along this section is the Glenfinnan Viaduct (高架桥), which staff took time to announce in a small break. Fans of the Harry Potter films often lose their minds at this 7 of the 120-year-old line-the Hogwarts Express passes over this old viaduct in several of the movies. And I could easily see why it’s simply breathtaking to behold and attracts visitors from across the globe. It’s the longest concrete railway bridge in Scotland and spans about a thousand feet over the River Finnan around one hundred feet above the ground, passing through some of the most atmospheric and 8 scenery. By the time we left Mallaig at 16: 05, the mid — November daylight was already 9 , meaning my long journey back to Glasgow happened almost 10 in the dark. Not much was visible through the window as we started chugging south, but even in the blackness, I knew there was magic out there somewhere. Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．conclusive  B．documented  C． implications  D．interests  E. landscapes AB．hit AC． set AD．overall  AE. urgency BC． uses BD．volume Microplastics: harmful pollution must be contained New and concerning findings from environmental scientists about the impact of microplastics on crops and marine creatures add to a growing body of evidence about the damage caused to living systems by plastic pollution. The results, from a team led by Prof Huan Zhong at Nanjing University, China, are not 1 and require confirmation. But analysis showing that plastics could limit photosynthesis (the change of sunlight into chemical energy) must be taken seriously. If the researchers are correct, and main food crops are being reduced by about 12%, there are huge 2 for global agriculture and food supplies. This could add new 3 to efforts to tackle plastic pollution. There is no single route by which microplastic particles prevent plants from growing. The 4 effect is due to a combination of blocked sunlight and nutrients, and damage to soil and cells. When the researchers modelled the crop losses caused by an effect of this size, they found Asia was hardest 5 , potentially contributing to food insecurity and worsening hunger. The extent of the pollution of the Earth by microplastics has been widely 6 . The tiny particles that are formed when plastics break down in the environment have been found in breast milk, brains, livers and bones, and in remote areas including the Arctic seas. Plastic is already understood to pose serious threats to animals including sea creatures. It also ruins 7 , seriously impacting the people who live in them and anyone trying to make a living from tourism. Talks aimed at agreeing a UN treaty on plastic pollution ended in failure. Almost all single-use plastics are made from fossil fuels, and fossil-fuel businesses oppose any limits on production. But the enormous 8 of plastic waste, and the growing evidence of the range of harms it causes, mean action must be taken. Plastic will continue to have its 9 , but the growth of single-use items, including packaging, is out of control. Just 9% of plastic gets recycled. Fossil-fuel 10 must be held accountable for plastic pollution just as they are challenged over global heating caused by coal, oil and gas. Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．abuse   B．baked   C． block  D．broken   E. catching    AB．escaping AC． morality   AD．profile    AE. sea   BC． underlying    BD．unwritten Ad Blockers and the Headache at the Heart of the Modern Web The great philosopher Homer Simpson once memorably described alcohol as “the cause of and solution to all of life’s problems.” Internet advertising is a bit like that — the funder of and terrible headache 1 into everything you do online. Advertising sustains pretty much all the content you enjoy on the web, and many of the world’s most useful technologies may never have come about without online advertising. But at the same time, ads and the vast, hidden, data-sucking machinery that they depend on to track and 2 you are routinely the most terrible things about the Internet. Now, more and more web users are 3 the daily storm of online advertising by installing an ad blocker. This simple, free software lets you surf the web without encountering any ads that show up between you and the content you want to read or watch. Well, everyone may be 4 on. Ad blocking has been around for years, but adoption is now rising sharply, at a pace that some in the ad industry say could prove disastrous for the economic structure 5 the web. That has sparked a debate about the 6 of ad blocking. Some publishers and advertisers say ad blocking goes against the 7 contract that rules the Internet — the idea that in return for free content, we all tolerate constant appearance of ads. But in the long run, there could be a hidden benefit to blocking ads for advertisers and publishers. Ad blockers could end up saving the ad industry from its worst 8 . If blocking becomes widespread, the ad industry will be pushed to produce ads that are simpler, less aggressive, and are far more open about the way they’re handling our data, or risk getting blocked forever if they fail. “It’s clear to us that the ads ecosystem is 9 ,” said Ben Williams, a spokesman for Eyeo, the German company that makes Adblock Plus, the most popular ad-blocking software. “What we need is a(n) 10 change in the industry to get to a place where we have a good amount of better ads out there, ads that users accept.” Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．cyclical    B．drags    C． fixes    D．harmonizing E. milestones    F. naturally    G. rebound    H. respectively I. seasonal    J. sentiment    K. signals Global Tourism Rebalancing in 2025 The strain of overtourism continues to test well-known destinations worldwide. Iconic sites from Amsterdam to Mount Fuji now grapple with mounting pressures, including buckling infrastructure and growing resident discontent. Cities have adopted varied 1 : Venice imposes visitor fees, while Barcelona tightens short-term rental rules, yet their long-term success remains uncertain. Post-pandemic travel surged to unprecedented heights, yet 2024’s modest 2 over pre-COVID levels masked an unsustainable trend. The tourism industry now prioritizes 3 economic gains with community welfare, a shift from its earlier growth-at-all-costs mindset. Emerging 4 point to 2025 bringing a slowdown. Declining traffic to travel platforms and eased price growth suggest the market is self-correcting. Analysts view this shift with cautious optimism, interpreting it as part of the sector’s natural 5 patterns. Strategic destination management offers the most feasible path forward. Thoughtful measures such as 6 dispersion(spreading visitors across peak and off-peak times)and optimizing visitor flow aim to maximize benefits while minimizing disruptions. London, for instance, accommodates nearly 19 million annual visitors 7 proving balance is achievable. Opting for restrictive policies instead 8 down economic prospects. Competing destinations, by contrast, actively court expanding travel markets through relaxed regulations. Public 9 data reveals most residents still recognize tourism’s value, even amid localized challenges. This transitional phase presents an opportunity to redefine sustainable tourism models. The coming year may establish new 10 for harmonizing visitor experiences with community needs. Successful destinations will be those adopting innovative, data-driven solutions rather than merely reacting to issues as they arise. Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．distress    B．pin    C． scare    D．coexisting E. unfold    F. channelling    G. single    H. familiarity I. barely    J. restorative    K. unlikely The Healing Power of Caring for a Pigeon (鸽子) Like many people, I have always considered pigeons to be annoying and dirty virus-carriers. These birds, often said to 1 off smaller, prettier species, had never interested me until Brian Buckbee’s memoir We Should All Be Birds changed my perception. One evening in 2020, Buckbee spotted a pigeon on a walk near his home in Missoula, MT. It was standing on one leg and staring right at him. “He had the funniest look in his eye, one of 2 , as if we had known each other for a long, long time.” This description showcases one of Buckbee’s remarkable skills: 3 a sense of personality into birds. As it turned out, the pigeon’s bent leg was injured, leaving it 4 able to fly and near starvation, so Buckbee brought it home, where he was no longer alone for the first time since the health crisis began, and he named the bird Two-Step. Like the bird, Buckbee was in 5 . He was once an ocean-swimming world traveller, but for the past few years, he had struggled with a disease that has no known cause, no clear cure. His memoir is about his 6 friendship with Two-Step, and with a dozen or so other sick pigeons that he later takes in. It is about more than 7 with wild creatures. It’s also about sorrow, loss, pain, loneliness, and the 8 power of love. It’s a striking illustration of how caring for another living creature — even a wild bird — can give life meaning. We Should All Be Birds takes place between May 2020 and January 2023, but Buckbee moves around in time to 9 the backstory — his relationship with a woman, his trips to Southeast Asia that might have caused the illness, and his memories of his mother. It joins a growing collection of books by writers who have bonded with birds and other animals. However, Buckbee’s humour, warm tone and delicate physical condition 10 this book out from the rest. Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．architectural  B．tiredness  C． concentrated  D．raised  E. appetite  F. reportedly  G. resulted  H. Blessed  I. precisely  J. engagement  K. diverse To Stand out Again, Ancient Towns Must Readapt Featuring bridges over flowing streams and antique-looking architecture, ancient towns and cities have been cultural tourist hot spots nationwide. However, a recent news report about Dayong Ancient City in Central China’s Hunan Province has 1 doubts about whether such ancient towns still hold appeal. 2 with the unmatched advantage of being in the famous Chinese tourism city Zhangjiajie, the Dayong site has visitors few and far between and has 3 accumulated over 1 billion yuan ($140 million) in losses during its four-year trial operation. Its shocking drop has not just exposed the site’s failure, but also serves as a sharp reminder to the ancient town tourism industry: Travelers are losing their 4 for ancient town attractions amid the abundant choices available. Rooted in the country’s 5 regional cultures, China’s rich ancient town resources actually present a good starting point for the sector’s tourism growth. According to a report released by the China Tourism Academy, as of 2024, China’s ancient towns were largely 6 in six provinces including Sichuan, Zhejiang and Jiangsu, gathering more than half of the ancient town tourism sites of the country. However, in order to quickly “jump into the pool,” like what Zhang Jianchi, the director of Zhangjiajie Tourism Group who manages the Dayong Ancient City, told media, many ancient towns have all starting to carry out artificial redesigns. It is 7 such common designs that have made many ancient towns look similar when it comes to not only their 8 style or commercial layout, but even the experiences they offer. “Roasted sausages and squid (鱿鱼) , they all sell pretty much the same things. Looking through my photos, I can’t even tell which one I’ve visited,” Yao Yinghong, a 53-year-old visitor, told the Global Times. Yao’s experience actually reveals how the similarity of ancient towns has caused visual 9 in visitors. Today, travelers have shifted from mere “check-ins” to an “experience-first” mindset, valuing absorbing 10 over photos. They no longer visit just to “take memories home” but to “create stories worth telling.” This change in demand signals a crucial lesson for ancient towns’ future development: Finding more creative ways to tell the story of local narratives. Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accurate  B．artificial  C． captured  D．corresponding  E. decoding  F. dreamscape G. impact   H. perspective  I. previously  J. repeatedly   K. scanned Dream catchers Do androids (人形机器人), as science fiction novelist Philip K. Dick asked, really dream of electric sheep? The purpose and meaning of dreams have long been debated. Now scientists are getting closer to 1 what humans see as they sleep — and how a robot can reproduce it. In 2013, a neuroscientist who specializes in the nervous system and its 2 on behaviour. conducted an experiment with some test subjects. He had them take hundreds of brief naps in an MRI machine, 3 waking them so they could describe their dreams. He had already isolated the unique brain patterns for certain objects he’d shown subjects while awake. Their brains were 4 for those patterns as they napped, and a computer program automatically turned the basic contents of their dreams into short videos. The study found these were 70 percent 5 compared with what subjects remembered of their real dreams. Two years later Google engineers also 6 the dreamlike images of a computer. They fed millions of images into a brain-inspired computer program — a network of 7 nerve cells — to study how it learned to identify objects. Then they put it through Deep Dream, a program that enables the network to build its own program-fueled 8 by finding shapes in an image of random visual noise, like the disturbing noisy images you see on an old TV. The computer generated a fantastical scene from its machine-learned knowledge. As in a dream, 9 seen images were rearranged into new patterns. It won’t be possible to produce a precise recording of human dreams until scientists discover how dreams originate in the brain, says Jack Gallant, a professor of psychology at UC Berkeley — or they build a databank of brain activity 10 to every thought. He compares it to building a language translation program:”You have a language but nothing it refers to. “ Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．abstract    B．bonding    C． conflict    D．constructively E. deepen    F. massively    G. mean    H. pretending I. redefine    J. shame    K. tempting In Defense of Gossip Culturally, gossip has a poor reputation. It is often seen as a female activity or simply as talking badly about others. However, the social and emotional functions of gossip are   1 overlooked. Gossip allows us to make sense of   2 thought: When we gossip about people productively, we are analyzing their behavioral patterns, which includes contextualizing their actions with their motives and influences. Hence, good-faith gossip can   3 understanding and empathy (共鸣), better equipping individuals to find the right way to resolve referenced conflicts. On another level, we are   4 with people we gossip with. Sharing worries or frustrations with trusted friends builds closeness. It lets us be honest instead of   5 to always be patient. It shows we trust our friends not to use our words against others. Of course, gossip can sometimes become   6 . It can spread false information or   7 people. Private information can be shared without permission, causing hurt. But these problems come from how gossip is used, not from gossip itself. We can’t simply say gossip is morally wrong. What matters is whether it is used to understand and help, not to harm. When there are an intention and an effort to gossip   8 rather than destructively, we use gossip as a social and emotional tool that gives us a space to process, empathize, connect, and relax. Every day, we can decide to be kinder individuals and to fulfill the obligations (责任) as sensible beings. We cannot entirely stay away from gossip because of its bad reputation. Instead, we must   9 it. “Quitting” gossip is not as productive as thinking of it as a nonjudgmental method of social observation and   10 resolution. After all, gossip isn’t only about what we say about others: It’s about how we choose to understand them. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $