专题08 概要写作15篇（上海专用）（高考典例+热点话题练习）-2026届上海高考英语总复习

专题08 概要写作15篇 (上海专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 动物,科普知识 2 适中 发明与创造 3 适中 动物,科普知识 4 较难 环境保护,科普知识 5 较难 职业规划,哲理感悟 6 较难 阅读 7 适中 健康饮食 ,科普知识 8 较难 情绪 9 较易 动物 10 较难 家人和亲人 ,生活故事 11 较难 社会问题与社会现象,人工智能 12 较难 方法/策略,职业内容 13 较难 环境保护,人与动植物 14 较难 社会问题与社会现象,人工智能 15 较难 音乐与舞蹈,广告/布告 【高考典例】 1．Directions： Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Scientists Discover Animal Language It is human beings’ pride that we are the only species on the Planet that can speak and think. However, recent research cast doubt on that common belief. Zuberbuhler, a psychologist at St. Andrews University, and his colleagues recorded thousands of calls made by Diana monkeys and noticed that the monkeys adapted their calls to change the meaning to warn one another about different situations. For example, they made a ‘krack’ alarm call at the sight of tiger. However, when they merely repeated calls made by other monkeys they added an ‘oo’. The researchers found that the same calls would be recognised by other species, like Campbell’s monkeys. So they are communicating across species. “And since then we have found that hornbill birds can understand these calls and they too can understand all the different meanings”, said Zuberbuhler. What is also surprising is that signs of intelligence have been found in birds, whose small brains were long assumed to be a complete barrier to sentence. However, all is changing fast. A few years ago Irene Pepperberg of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology taught a parrot to recognise and count up to six objects and describe their shapes, which couldn’t have been achieved if birds were unable to memorize. Last year, that was topped by Alex Kacelnik, a professor of behavioral ecology at Oxford, who discovered that crows (乌鸦) are capable of using tools in complex orders, the first time such behaviour has been observed in non-humans. In an experiment seven crows successfully grabbed a piece of food placed out of reach using three different lengths of stick. Crucially, they were able to complete the task without any special training, suggesting the birds were capable of a level of abstract reasoning normally associated only with humans. All this is powerful evidence against the idea that people are unique. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Fluido,a Texas-based analytics company,recently released its new product,called FluidoPlus for free. It connects retailers (零售商) to a cloud-based analytics service using Wi-Fi. They then collect information about customers behaviour by monitoring the media access code (MAC) in every smart phone that enters the stores. This means that stores will be able to implement an analytics package to receive information that could help guide their marketing. With the information，store managers can measure the number of people who walk past the store and the number who come through the front door. Also, this information includes whether or not these people come in immediately or are convinced to do so by the shop front. Fluido Plus has received a lot of criticism from consumers concerned about their privacy being invaded. But Fluido assures that the MAC data is scrambled, which means that no personally identifiable information is collected. The company also points to the fact that Fluido is a part of the group that initiated the Mobile Location Analytics code of conduct. These sets of rules require companies to receive customers’ agreement before they can collect any personal information. Emily Carrless, a senior director at the NO Watching Please Co, believes that this technology ignores customers’ privacy. “This is a clear example of profit outweighing privacy,” she said. The use of tracking technology by shops in order to provide a better or more personal service seems totally disproportionate. Carrless also stressed the importance of customer awareness. She said that while tracking technology was still developing, there was an obvious goal in mind to identify individuals. Companies like Fluido won’t stop at the general information like the number of customers who walk into stores. The long game is about identifying individuals, and this technologies is very close to enabling Fluido to do that. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Neuroscientists usually define a singular memory as an engram (记忆印记) — a physical change in brain tissue associated with a particular recollection. Recently, brain scans revealed that an engram isn't isolated to one region of the brain and instead manifests as a colorful splattering across the neural tissue. “A memory looks more like a web in the brain than a single spot,” says neuroscientist and National Geographic Explorer Steve Ramirez of Boston University. That's because when a memory is created, it includes all the visual, auditory, and tactile inputs that make an experience memorable, and brain cells are encoded from all of those regions. Now, scientists are even able to track how memories move across the brain, like detectives finding footprints in the snow. While at MIT in 2013, Ramirez and his research partner Xu Liu had a breakthrough: They were able to target the cells that make up one engram in a mouse's brain and then implant a false memory. In their work, mice reacted in fear to a particular stimulus even when they had not been conditioned in advance. While mouse brains are less advanced than the human equivalent, Ramirez says they can still help neuroscientists understand how our memories work, too. In their current work, Ramirez and his colleagues are investigating whether positive and negative memories are stored in different groups of brain cells, and whether negative memories can be “overwritten” by positive ones. To prep mice for the experiments, the team injects the animals’ brains with a virus that contains fluorescent proteins and surgically implants optic fibers. The mice are then given a diet that prevents the virus from fluorescing until the researchers are ready to tag a positive or negative experience. Positive memories are created by putting male mice in cages with female mice for an hour, and negative memories are created by putting the mice in cages that deliver brief foot shocks. Once the mice have been conditioned to associate certain triggers with each experience, they undergo a short surgical operation so the scientists can stimulate the cells associated with the positive or negative engrams. They are finding that activating positive memories while a mouse is in a cage it associates with fear makes that mouse less fearful. Using a different technique, University of Toronto neuroscientist Sheena Josselyn was able to completely eliminate fear memories in mice. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【热点话题练习】 4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Save the Sink There are portents (凶兆) of a longer-term and faster decline of the land carbon sink. For instance, the global forest carbon sink has steadily declined since 2001, mainly due to deforestation. In 2023 and 2024, wildfires further reduced the forest sink to its lowest point in two decades, fuelling feedback cycles that accelerate climate change. “We’re seeing this happening right before our eyes and faster than we thought it would,” says Rose. If the land carbon sink does vanish in the not-so-distant future, the consequences for climate action would be profound. Most countries depend on their sinks to meet emissions promises under the Paris Agreement that aims to keep long-term global warming to a 1.5℃ threshold. So, losing the sinks earlier than expected would mean emissions have to decline more rapidly elsewhere. In Europe, for instance, a sudden decline in the forest carbon sink over the past few years — a perfect storm of overharvesting in the aftermath of drought, heat and insect outbreaks — has put the bloc far off track to meet its 2030 emissions targets. The good news is that there are effective ways to save the sink, or slow down its death. A climate ecologist says the most important steps are to protect, restore and manage ecosystems, in that order. If existing forests were left to grow undisturbed, a maximum potential uptake of 228 billion tonnes of carbon as they reach full maturity over decades — equivalent to about a third of our cumulative carbon emissions to date. Another 87 billion tonnes could be captured by restoring forests in places where they once grew. Beyond this, better management of ecosystems could enhance the land carbon sink by several billion tonnes each year. This involves avoiding monster wildfires by conducting prescribed burns, rolling out climate-friendly farming practices like cover cropping, and more sustainable harvesting of trees. If we want to hold onto the unexpected gift of a land carbon sink then we must stop “removing the allies that we have”, says Zohner — and try to keep growth ahead of death just a little bit longer. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Stop Asking Kids What They Want to Be When They Grow Up When I was a kid, I dreaded the question. Adults always seemed terribly disappointed that I wasn’t dreaming of becoming something grand or heroic, like a filmmaker or an astronaut. In college, I finally realized that I wanted to do many things. So I became a psychologist. My job is to fix other people’s jobs. I get to experience them indirectly — I’ve gotten to explore how filmmakers blaze new trails and how astronauts build trust. And I am convinced that asking youngsters what they want to be does them harm. My first beef with the question is that it forces kids to define themselves in terms of work. When you’re asked what you want to be when you grow up, it’s not socially acceptable to say, “A father” or “A person of integrity.” This might be why parents say their most important value for their children is to care about others, yet their kids believe that top value is success. The second problem is the implication that there is one calling out there for everyone. Although having a calling can be a source of joy, research shows that searching for one leaves students feeling lost and confused. And even if you’re lucky enough to stumble onto a calling, it might not be a successful career. Callings often go unanswered: Many career passions don’t pay the bills, and many of us just don’t have the talent. There is a third hurdle: Careers rarely live up to your childhood dreams. In one study, looking for the ideal job left college seniors feeling more overwhelmed throughout the process — and less satisfied with the outcome. I’m all for encouraging youngsters to aim high and dream big. Those aspirations should be bigger than work. Think about what kind of person you want to be — and about all the different things you might want to do. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Experience Of A Used Bookstore I would choose a used bookstore over the shopping mall bookstores any day. The hunt through a used bookstore is thrilling and like no other. The door to a used bookstore opens a world of adventure. The atmosphere of a used bookstore alerts all your senses. The overwhelming but exciting view of an endless maze of books, the slight but present smell of books and paper, the sounds of pages being turned and the clerk commenting on the “good finds”, and the feel of books as you turn through that bin full of endless possibilities, and the taste of sweet taste of victory when you found a bargain. A used book tells more than just the story it was made to tell. The book comes with a sense of history. The book has passed through many hands before yours, and now it has ended up in yours. You have a chance to become part of this book’s history. My favorite used book is one that has documented history; a handwritten “To” and “From” note on the opening page, notes in the margins, and highlighted or underlined sections. This helps the reader to gain a perspective beyond their own. The same book or story leaves different impressions for everyone, and being able to follow the thoughts of a previous reader may help to expand our own minds, develop a perspective, or perhaps a new world view. A used book can provide a blast from the past. Looking through the shelves, or bins at a used bookstore may bring you across your favorite childhood books, or that one book that got you hooked and made you a book enthusiast. Perhaps, you find a book that you remember reading and want to pass on the joy to a kid in your life. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Sweetness: The Silent Killer in Disguise Imagine starting your day with a flavored yogurt, sipping soda at lunch, and ending with a “healthy” granola bar. You’d be shocked to learn these daily choices may contain over 50g of added sugar — far exceeding the WHO’s recommended 25g limit. This unconscious intake is just the first step toward a chain of health risks, as excessive sugar disrupts our bodies in ways we often ignore. Sugar’s most immediate threat lies in its metabolic disruption. When consumed in excess, fructose (果糖) overloads the liver, converting into fat and triggering insulin (胰岛素) resistance. This process not only raises blood sugar levels but also lays the groundwork for type 2 diabetes, as confirmed by Harvard research linking high-sugar diets to a 26% higher diabetes risk. Beyond metabolism, sugar wages war on the heart. A study in JAMA Internal Medicine revealed that adults consuming 25% of calories from sugar faced three times the risk of heart-related death. Sugar irritates blood vessels, raises “bad” cholesterol (LDL), and speeds up artery hardening. Research from the University of California shows that drinking just one sugary drink daily increases heart disease risk by 20%. New research shows how sugar harms the brain. UCLA studies found that diets high in sugar make the hippocampus smaller, which weakens memory and learning. Sugar addiction works like drug addiction, causing strong sugar cravings that take over clear thinking. A 2025 Neuroscience study found that sugar consumption potentially causes memory problems, restlessness and shorter attention spans. Breaking free requires mindful choices: check labels for hidden sugars, replace sodas with flavored water, and enjoy fruits’ natural sweetness. Simple changes, such as picking dark chocolate over candy, can help. Every spoonful of sugar is a decision — choose wisely for your health’s future. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Most people experience the natural feeling of jealousy at some point in their lives. Some people feel it more strongly than others and some even suffer from the feeling to the extent that jealousy starts consuming them. In some cases the feeling is justified but in others it is not. Frankly speaking, jealousy is a poisonous emotion, both for the person experiencing it and for their families and friends. Jealousy is usually considered as a single, independent emotion, but in reality, it is a whole bundle of feelings that interconnect with each other such as anger, fear, hurt, anxiety, sadness, depression, loneliness, envy, feeling powerless, feeling excluded and so on. For the most part, jealousy is a by-product of one’s own problems with self-confidence and self-respect. It is about a deep fear of the unknown fear of being abandoned and of losing power or control over their families or friends, and also the fear that the needs will not be met. Jealous people often feel very insecure and anxious about their worthiness, feeling that they might not be good enough. Jealousy can also easily become an obsession with people. Someone who is being consumed by jealousy constantly draws in mind pictures and imagines situations where their families or friends are betraying them. As a result, they always manage to convince themselves that their families or friends have done something not proper. These endless suspicions are poisonous and can be extremely harmful to any relationship. So, how is it possible to prevent these ugly thoughts from appearing and from flooding one’s mind at all? The best thing to start with is to start sharing your feelings with your families or friends. It is important to tell them openly that you love them. You may also want to explain that because they are so important to you, you are feeling jealous and insecure. In addition, never feel in a negative way about yourself and certainly do not talk negatively about yourself. Self-confidence is respected by others and if you are always able to think positively when negative feelings start invading you, a habit of doing so will be eventually developed in you. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. It’s Time to Learn From Snakes Nowadays, snakes are universally disliked. But if we stop disliking them and start listening, we might learn from these creatures that have been mastering harsh environments for well over 100 million years. Take, for example, a species of sea snake that inhabits the inland bays of a Pacific island. The coastal waters are a tropical mixture of pollutants and industrial wastes. In response to these environmental poisons, the sea snakes have evolved a very neat cleansing trick. The natural substance in their skin captures and locks away environmental poisons in their bodies before they can cause harm. The snakes get rid of the poisons every time they cast off their skins. Burmese python (巨蟒) also reveal astonishing biology. In harsh, unpredictable habitats where food may be scarce for months, they can go a year without eating, then swallow prey equal to their body weight. To cope, they regenerate, enlarge, and later shrink vital organs, a process that bypasses molecular stop signals which in other animals would stop growth and cause insulin (胰岛素) resistance. This allows them to process massive meals efficiently, making them masters of survival. Finally, we might reflect on the lesson of another Australian snake, the file snake. During years of limited rainfall, when rivers run low and prey becomes scarce, the females postpone reproductive maturation up to 10 years and may produce only once a decade. This is closely tied to resource availability and their ability to endure extended unfavorable conditions. Due to their low metabolic (代谢的) rate, these snakes can remain in a state of reduced activity, conserving energy and effectively waiting until environmental conditions improve. Facing increasing environmental extremes nowadays, we humans probably don’t have such luxury to wait out the bad times. But we can begin to learn from snakes that adaptation to a harsh environment is both possible and necessary. They must be doing something right. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Thirty-Three Shortly, I told Gabby that I could have been alive for half my life or all of it. She countered, suggesting a third. We sipped orange wine, described as “funky,” in a Berkeley restaurant filled with the glow of headlights through rain-streaked windows. Our conversations often centered on time — its different types, how we measure it, and its origins. One night, we became fascinated by the idea that time could be a universal fact or just the way we perceive it, like the ticking clock on the wall. The following day, our neighbor Gloria banged on the wall, prompting us to buy her flowers and write a note. I shared with Gabby that my brother had died at twenty-eight, and I was now five years older than he ever was. I wasn’t seeking sympathy but understanding, language to frame my experience. As we ate bread, Gabby mentioned a time-related app that claims to predict how many years we have left, based on lifestyle questions we answered at the table. Earlier, I had a fleeting sense that I might outlive my brother, despite knowing he hadn’t lived well. He refused a sentimental pocket watch from our grandfather, saying he couldn’t bear to keep something so meaningful. Our grandfather later gave the watch to me. I remembered middle school, when the album “Illmatic” and its chorus resonated with him, looping through his closed door. These memories began to overlay as I sat with Gabby, recalling moments of family and youth, all blending into the present. In that moment, I was hugging my grandfather on Berkeley’s University Ave., thanking him for the watch, and sharing memories of my brother. I realized how much time had passed since I met Gabby — almost a year ago, we didn’t know each other. I told Gabby the watch still worked but needed winding, forgiving my brother for his choices and words. Gabby smiled, and we clinked glasses of orange wine, sharing a meal of tuna carpaccio and boar ragu, feeling the flow of time and memory together. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11．Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. What is AI’s Role in Art Creation? As artificial intelligence advances across creative fields, a question emerges: Do people want AI to become an artist or simply a tool for artistic creation? Evidence suggests that while the public is increasingly familiar with AI systems, they would prefer to see AI supporting human creativity rather than replacing it. A key reason lies in the human dimension of art. When people picture their favorite works, say, Van Gogh’s The Starry Night, what they value is not merely technical delivery but the emotional depth tied to human experience. In a recent survey, over 60 percent said they would value their favorite artwork less if told it was AI-produced. Their responses highlight a shared belief: People seek the imaginative struggles and personal histories behind creative works, a quality machines cannot genuinely copy. Concerns about originality and copyright strengthen this resistance. Respondents criticized AI outputs as unoriginal, seeing them as mere reflections of models trained on vast quantities of human-created materials. The possibility of unauthorized data use and unclear artistic ownership fuels distrust. These worries reveal why people hesitate to view AI-generated materials-especially films-as real art: It lacks clear authorship and true creative intention. Yet attitudes shift when AI assists rather than replaces human artists. Forty-two percent of participants regarded users of AI as artists who provided clear creative direction — a sign of openness to human-AI collaboration. This perspective points to a real obstacle in today’s creative world: Many individuals with ideas lack the resources or skills to realize them. In such cases, AI can serve as an enabling tool, lowering costs and expanding access to creative expression. Ultimately, people value art as a human-centered means of connection. While AI can broaden artistic possibilities, it’s best used as a tool that supports and enriches human vision. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Flexible Thinking for Your Career Does work ever leave you feeling stuck with limited opportunities to be creative? To prosper, you might want to increase your brain’s flexibility. But is this even possible, and if so, how? Most jobs require the ability to problem-solve and cope with challenges, at least to a certain extent. Imagine a teacher who has a new and very nervous student in the class. If that teacher is a flexible thinker, he or she will be able to adapt the classroom management, even if he or she hasn’t seen this situation before. According to Leonard Mlodinow, author of Elastic, flexible thinkers rely on idea generation and imagination — they are willing to experiment and take risks. “Elastic thinking, or flexible thinking, is what you need when the circumstances change, and you are dealing with something new. It’s not about following rules.” Therefore, instead of following the typical procedure for welcoming a new student, the teacher might come up with a tailored response, based on prediction and previous experience. So, how can you become a more flexible thinker? According to Dr Lisa Feldman Barrett, it’s all about exercising the brain. One way of doing this, she says, is through exposure to a variety of experiences, which make it easier to adjust to new situations. A lot of companies now consider flexible thinking in the workplace, especially when it comes to design. Workspaces may have couches where workers can lie down and relax, giving them the space to come up with and process new ideas. Mlodinow says it’s very important to take time to daydream, listen to ideas and concepts you disagree with and spend time doing activities outside of your comfort zone. This will help you understand multiple points of view and therefore blossom in many different aspects of your career. So, if you want to make a change, you can become a flexible thinker too, with a little practice. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Catania Turns the Tables on Blue Crabs In a suburb of Catania on Sicily’s east coast, smoke rises from street stalls grilling horse meat, while youngsters gather around counters selling seltz limone e sale — a soda drink with lemon and sea salt. Amid this lively scene, a family of ex-fishers, the Salamones, have opened La Fish, a seafood restaurant that dares to challenge local diet traditions. Alongside Sicily’s classics like swordfish (剑鱼) and tuna, tonight’s tasting menu features a surprising newcomer to the island’s tables — the Atlantic blue crab. These blue-clawed, olive-shelled crabs, originally from the western Atlantic Ocean, have become an ecological threat in the Mediterranean. Without natural enemies, they feed on young clams, destroying shellfish harvests and destroying Italy’s reputation as one of the world’s top clam producers. Their rapid spread has been linked to rising sea temperatures, which have made Sicilian waters increasingly welcoming to non-native species. What began as an environmental concern is gradually turning into a test of human adaptability. People in Sicily are responding in creative ways. One form of response comes from chef Mario Contadino, who celebrates the crab’s sweet and delicate flavor. He serves it on sticky sushi rice with onions, bell peppers, garlic, tomatoes, celery, and edible (可食用的) flowers to appeal to hesitant locals. “Catania people can be closed-minded, “he admits, “but that first bite does not lie. “Another response comes from scientists. Marine biologist Francesco Tiralongo of the University of Catania argues that embracing such non-native species in local diets is”a necessary response to climate change and ecological challenges. “ Social acceptance is following slowly but steadily. In the fish market behind Piazza del Duomo, shopkeeper Rosario now sells 20 kilograms of blue crab a day, saying customers love its taste. Meanwhile, the Salamone family turns the outsider into opportunity: by presenting blue crab as a fancy food, they show that”anything can be edible. “ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Is artificial intelligence giving us false memories? You may have seen videos spreading online of some celebrities doing strange things — for example, making funny faces. You may also have seen videos of them joining in lively dances at a celebration. The thing is, one of these things really happened and the other is created by artificial intelligence (AI). You might remember both, but can you remember which is which? In psychology, a ‘source monitoring framework’ describes the processes involved in identifying where our memories came from. The framework records the source of a memory as one piece of information. It gets embedded into the memory alongside other aspects of what we experienced. The ‘label’ that states where the memory came from can easily fade though, even while other aspects of the memory persist. Thus, AI-generated videos risk mixing up with real events in our minds — a problem that could worsen as AI video improves. This separation between a memory’s content and its source happens all the time. How often do you recognise an actor’s face on-screen, but can’t recall what other films or TV shows you’ve seen them in? These same memory failures help explain how easy it is to form ‘false memories’, as shown by the research of Prof Elizabeth Loftus. She observed that when certain ideas are suggested to us, we make them up in our own minds, but later on forget where the ideas initially came from. They can then be easily mistaken for events that actually happened to us. Based on Loftus’s findings, it seems likely that AI will be able to plant many false memories in our minds, especially if we consume the artificial content in a similar setting to where we consume real news. As such, we need to discuss how to label AI-generated content to make it easier to remember it’s not real. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The role of music in advertising Music is all around us. It’s an accessible and popular art form which accompanies our daily lives, so advertisers spend much time and money securing the right music for an advertisement in order to boost sales. Research suggests that the specific qualities of music as an art form enhance the science of selling. As one researcher puts it, “Music is the catalyst (催化剂) of advertising. It expands pictures and colors words, and often adds a form of energy available through no other source.” Take the visually simple but interesting advertisement for an airline in France, with the soundtrack of Mozart’s Piano Concerto No. 23, for example. It projects greatness and elegance in the hope that viewers will associate those qualities with the airline. My research, which looked at hundreds of viewer comments about the music used in advertising, suggested it was successful. Music is also effective at arousing feelings of nostalgia (怀旧之情). The extent to which music arouses emotional memories in advertisements creates associations with consumers’ past experiences. A good choice of music allows businesses to tap into this nostalgia for commercial benefit. However, the use of popular music in advertising can also develop arguments around the tension between artistic effort and commercialism. Some people believe a work of art shouldn’t be used for the pursuit of profit. The findings of my study showed that consumers sometimes passionately oppose the use of music produced by respected musicians in advertisements, as they believe that doing this destroys its pure artistic value. For example, the use of the Beatles’ song Revolution by one shoe brand was seen by some as using John Lennon’s song word to sell shoes. It made some of its wearers so angry that they refused to buy the products. So advertisers need to be careful. While the right choice of music can attract customers, the wrong choice can create opposition. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 概要写作15篇 (上海专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 动物,科普知识 2 适中 发明与创造 3 适中 动物,科普知识 4 较难 环境保护,科普知识 5 较难 职业规划,哲理感悟 6 较难 阅读 7 适中 健康饮食 ,科普知识 8 较难 情绪 9 较易 动物 10 较难 家人和亲人 ,生活故事 11 较难 社会问题与社会现象,人工智能 12 较难 方法/策略,职业内容 13 较难 环境保护,人与动植物 14 较难 社会问题与社会现象,人工智能 15 较难 音乐与舞蹈,广告/布告 【高考典例】 1．Directions： Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Scientists Discover Animal Language It is human beings’ pride that we are the only species on the Planet that can speak and think. However, recent research cast doubt on that common belief. Zuberbuhler, a psychologist at St. Andrews University, and his colleagues recorded thousands of calls made by Diana monkeys and noticed that the monkeys adapted their calls to change the meaning to warn one another about different situations. For example, they made a ‘krack’ alarm call at the sight of tiger. However, when they merely repeated calls made by other monkeys they added an ‘oo’. The researchers found that the same calls would be recognised by other species, like Campbell’s monkeys. So they are communicating across species. “And since then we have found that hornbill birds can understand these calls and they too can understand all the different meanings”, said Zuberbuhler. What is also surprising is that signs of intelligence have been found in birds, whose small brains were long assumed to be a complete barrier to sentence. However, all is changing fast. A few years ago Irene Pepperberg of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology taught a parrot to recognise and count up to six objects and describe their shapes, which couldn’t have been achieved if birds were unable to memorize. Last year, that was topped by Alex Kacelnik, a professor of behavioral ecology at Oxford, who discovered that crows (乌鸦) are capable of using tools in complex orders, the first time such behaviour has been observed in non-humans. In an experiment seven crows successfully grabbed a piece of food placed out of reach using three different lengths of stick. Crucially, they were able to complete the task without any special training, suggesting the birds were capable of a level of abstract reasoning normally associated only with humans. All this is powerful evidence against the idea that people are unique. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It may be surprising that scientists have discovered signs of language and intelligence in monkeys and birds. Some monkeys can communicate various meanings with different calls, which are across species. Some birds, like parrot and crows, have the ability to recognize and reason. So language and intelligence are not unique to humans. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家在猴子和鸟类身上发现了语言和智力的迹象，挑战了“人类是唯一会说话、会思考的物种”的传统观点。科学家研究发现有些猴子可以通过不同的叫声传达不同的意思，这是跨物种的。有些鸟，比如鹦鹉和乌鸦，有识别和推理的能力。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Human beings take pride in the fact that we are the only species on the Planet that can speak and think. However, recent research cast doubt on that common belief. ②The monkeys adapted their calls to change the meaning to warn one another about different situations. And they are communicating across species. ③It is surprising that signs of intelligence have been found in birds, whose small brains were long assumed to be a complete barrier to sentence.. ④Evidence disproves human uniqueness in intelligence/communication. 2. 缜密构思  将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3. 遣词造句 It may be wrong that if you think we human beings are the only species on the Planet that can speak and think. Monkeys adapt calls for specific warnings and the warnings would be recognised by other species, like Campbell’s monkeys. Birds show advanced abilities of memorizing, tool use, and reasoning. Evidence disproves human exclusivity in intelligence/communication. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It may be surprising that scientists have discovered signs of language and intelligence in monkeys and birds. 运用一个主从复合句对原文第一段至第五段内容进行了概括。其中It为形式主语，that引导主语从句。 【高分句型2】 Some monkeys can communicate various meanings with different calls, which are across species. 概括了第二、三段内容，运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。 【高分句型3】Some birds, like parrot and crows, have the ability to recognize and reason. 对第四、五段进行了概括，使用了动词不定式短语作后置定语。 2．Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Fluido,a Texas-based analytics company,recently released its new product,called FluidoPlus for free. It connects retailers (零售商) to a cloud-based analytics service using Wi-Fi. They then collect information about customers behaviour by monitoring the media access code (MAC) in every smart phone that enters the stores. This means that stores will be able to implement an analytics package to receive information that could help guide their marketing. With the information，store managers can measure the number of people who walk past the store and the number who come through the front door. Also, this information includes whether or not these people come in immediately or are convinced to do so by the shop front. Fluido Plus has received a lot of criticism from consumers concerned about their privacy being invaded. But Fluido assures that the MAC data is scrambled, which means that no personally identifiable information is collected. The company also points to the fact that Fluido is a part of the group that initiated the Mobile Location Analytics code of conduct. These sets of rules require companies to receive customers’ agreement before they can collect any personal information. Emily Carrless, a senior director at the NO Watching Please Co, believes that this technology ignores customers’ privacy. “This is a clear example of profit outweighing privacy,” she said. The use of tracking technology by shops in order to provide a better or more personal service seems totally disproportionate. Carrless also stressed the importance of customer awareness. She said that while tracking technology was still developing, there was an obvious goal in mind to identify individuals. Companies like Fluido won’t stop at the general information like the number of customers who walk into stores. The long game is about identifying individuals, and this technologies is very close to enabling Fluido to do that. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Fluido released FluidoPlus, a product collecting information about customers by monitoring the MAC, thus helping analyzing their behavior to promote marketing. Fluido assures consumers of scrambled MAC and essential customers’ agreement. However, Carrless believes that Fuido prefers profit to privacy and it will identify individuals one day, so consumer awareness is important. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Fuido最近发布的新产品FluidoPlus的作用，和消费者对此的态度。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Fluido, a Texas-based analytics company, recently released its new product, called FluidoPlus for free. ②They then collect information about customers behaviour by monitoring the media access code (MAC) in every smart phone that enters the stores. This means that stores will be able to implement an analytics package to receive information that could help guide their marketing.   ③Fluido Plus has received a lot of criticism from consumers concerned about their privacy being invaded. But Fluido assures that the MAC data is scrambled, which means that no personally identifiable information is collected. ④Emily Carrless, a senior director at the NO Watching Please Co, believes that this technology ignores customers’ privacy. “This is a clear example of profit outweighing privacy,” she said. The use of tracking technology by shops in order to provide a better or more personal service seems totally disproportionate. Carrless also stressed the importance of customer awareness.   2.缜密构思 将①、②两个要点进行整合。将③、④两个要点进行重组。 3.遣词造句 Fluido released FluidoPlus, a product collecting information about customers by monitoring the MAC, thus helping analyzing their behavior to promote marketing. Fluido assures consumers of scrambled MAC and essential customers’ agreement. However, Carrless believes that Fuido prefers profit to privacy and it will identify individuals one day, so consumer awareness is important. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Fluido released FluidoPlus, a product collecting information about customers by monitoring the MAC, thus helping analyzing their behavior to promote marketing.（运用了非谓语动词，对原文第一段进行了概括。其中现在分词collecting作定语、现在分词helping作结果状语，不定式to promote作目的状语，表达非常高级） 【高分句型2】However, Carrless believes that Fuido prefers profit to privacy and it will identify individuals one day, so consumer awareness is important. （运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第三段进行了概括。其中that引导的宾语从句，表达非常高级） 3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Neuroscientists usually define a singular memory as an engram (记忆印记) — a physical change in brain tissue associated with a particular recollection. Recently, brain scans revealed that an engram isn't isolated to one region of the brain and instead manifests as a colorful splattering across the neural tissue. “A memory looks more like a web in the brain than a single spot,” says neuroscientist and National Geographic Explorer Steve Ramirez of Boston University. That's because when a memory is created, it includes all the visual, auditory, and tactile inputs that make an experience memorable, and brain cells are encoded from all of those regions. Now, scientists are even able to track how memories move across the brain, like detectives finding footprints in the snow. While at MIT in 2013, Ramirez and his research partner Xu Liu had a breakthrough: They were able to target the cells that make up one engram in a mouse's brain and then implant a false memory. In their work, mice reacted in fear to a particular stimulus even when they had not been conditioned in advance. While mouse brains are less advanced than the human equivalent, Ramirez says they can still help neuroscientists understand how our memories work, too. In their current work, Ramirez and his colleagues are investigating whether positive and negative memories are stored in different groups of brain cells, and whether negative memories can be “overwritten” by positive ones. To prep mice for the experiments, the team injects the animals’ brains with a virus that contains fluorescent proteins and surgically implants optic fibers. The mice are then given a diet that prevents the virus from fluorescing until the researchers are ready to tag a positive or negative experience. Positive memories are created by putting male mice in cages with female mice for an hour, and negative memories are created by putting the mice in cages that deliver brief foot shocks. Once the mice have been conditioned to associate certain triggers with each experience, they undergo a short surgical operation so the scientists can stimulate the cells associated with the positive or negative engrams. They are finding that activating positive memories while a mouse is in a cage it associates with fear makes that mouse less fearful. Using a different technique, University of Toronto neuroscientist Sheena Josselyn was able to completely eliminate fear memories in mice. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Possible 1: Memory is like a net in the brain. Scientists can even track the movement of memory in the brain. At present, Sheena Josselyn, a neuroscientist at the University of Toronto, has used mice as experimental objects, using a different technology, which can completely eliminate the fear memory of mice. (49 words) Possible 2: Recently, brain scans revealed that an engram isn't isolated to one region of the brain and instead manifests as a colorful splattering across the neural tissue. Scientists not only tracked the movement of memory in the brain, but also studied the storage location and interaction between positive memory and negative memory. (51 Words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神经系统科学家Steve Ramirez和同事利用老鼠进行实验，追踪记忆在大脑中移动的方式，该研究有助于神经科学家了解我们记忆的工作原理。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Recently, brain scans revealed that an engram isn’t isolated to one region of the brain and instead manifests as a colorful splattering across the neural tissue. ②Now, scientists are even able to track how memories move across the brain, like detectives finding footprints in the snow. ③In their current work, Ramirez and his colleagues are investigating whether positive and negative memories are stored in different groups of brain cells, and whether negative memories can be “overwritten” by positive ones. ④Using a different technique, University of Toronto neuroscientist Sheena Josselyn was able to completely eliminate fear memories in mice. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行改写，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Recently, brain scans revealed that an engram isn't isolated to one region of the brain and instead manifests as a colorful splattering across the neural tissue. Scientists not only tracked the movement of memory in the brain, but also studied the storage location and interaction between positive memory and negative memory 【点睛】【高分句型1】Recently, brain scans revealed that an engram isn't isolated to one region of the brain and instead manifests as a colorful splattering across the neural tissue.（运用了that引导的宾语从句，对第一段内容进行了概括总结） 【高分句型2】Scientists not only tracked the movement of memory in the brain, but also studied the storage location and interaction between positive memory and negative memory.（运用了not only...but also连接的并列句，对二三四五段内容进行了概括，not only部分概括第二段内容，but also部分概括其他段落内容，非常凝练） 【热点话题练习】 4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Save the Sink There are portents (凶兆) of a longer-term and faster decline of the land carbon sink. For instance, the global forest carbon sink has steadily declined since 2001, mainly due to deforestation. In 2023 and 2024, wildfires further reduced the forest sink to its lowest point in two decades, fuelling feedback cycles that accelerate climate change. “We’re seeing this happening right before our eyes and faster than we thought it would,” says Rose. If the land carbon sink does vanish in the not-so-distant future, the consequences for climate action would be profound. Most countries depend on their sinks to meet emissions promises under the Paris Agreement that aims to keep long-term global warming to a 1.5℃ threshold. So, losing the sinks earlier than expected would mean emissions have to decline more rapidly elsewhere. In Europe, for instance, a sudden decline in the forest carbon sink over the past few years — a perfect storm of overharvesting in the aftermath of drought, heat and insect outbreaks — has put the bloc far off track to meet its 2030 emissions targets. The good news is that there are effective ways to save the sink, or slow down its death. A climate ecologist says the most important steps are to protect, restore and manage ecosystems, in that order. If existing forests were left to grow undisturbed, a maximum potential uptake of 228 billion tonnes of carbon as they reach full maturity over decades — equivalent to about a third of our cumulative carbon emissions to date. Another 87 billion tonnes could be captured by restoring forests in places where they once grew. Beyond this, better management of ecosystems could enhance the land carbon sink by several billion tonnes each year. This involves avoiding monster wildfires by conducting prescribed burns, rolling out climate-friendly farming practices like cover cropping, and more sustainable harvesting of trees. If we want to hold onto the unexpected gift of a land carbon sink then we must stop “removing the allies that we have”, says Zohner — and try to keep growth ahead of death just a little bit longer. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The land carbon sink is disappearing faster than expected because of deforestation and wildfires, which holds countries back from meeting the 1.5℃ Paris Agreement goal. However, effective protection, restoration and management measures, like wildfire prevention, eco-friendly agriculture, and sustainable harvesting, can enable the growth of sinks to outpace their death by greatly boosting current and future carbon absorption. (58 words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了陆地碳汇出现加速衰退的不良趋势及其可能给各国达成气候目标带来的严重影响，并提出了保护、恢复和管理生态系统等一系列挽救陆地碳汇的有效措施。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①The global forest carbon sink has steadily declined since 2001, mainly due to deforestation. In 2023 and 2024, wildfires further reduced the forest sink to its lowest point in two decades, fuelling feedback cycles that accelerate climate change. ②Most countries depend on their sinks to meet emissions promises under the Paris Agreement that aims to keep long-term global warming to a 1.5℃ threshold. ③A climate ecologist says the most important steps are to protect, restore and manage ecosystems. ④Beyond this, better management of ecosystems could enhance the land carbon sink by several billion tonnes each year. This involves avoiding monster wildfires by conducting prescribed burns, rolling out climate-friendly farming practices like cover cropping, and more sustainable harvesting of trees. 2.缜密构思 将要点①②整合，说明陆地碳汇的不良趋势及影响；将要点③④整合，介绍一系列挽救陆地碳汇的有效措施。 3.遣词造句 The land carbon sink is declining faster than expected due to deforestation and wildfires, which holds countries back from meeting the 1.5℃ Paris Agreement goal. However, effective protection, restoration and management measures, like wildfire prevention, eco-friendly agriculture, and sustainable harvesting, can enable the growth of sinks to outpace their death. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The land carbon sink is disappearing faster than expected because of deforestation and wildfires, which holds countries back from meeting the 1.5℃ Paris Agreement goal. (使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句，对一二段内容进行了简明扼要地概括) 【高分句型2】However, effective protection, restoration and management measures, like wildfire prevention, eco-friendly agriculture, and sustainable harvesting, can enable the growth of sinks to outpace their death by greatly boosting current and future carbon absorption. (使用了并列短语作主语，介词短语作插入语及方式状语等，对三四段内容进行整合概括) 5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Stop Asking Kids What They Want to Be When They Grow Up When I was a kid, I dreaded the question. Adults always seemed terribly disappointed that I wasn’t dreaming of becoming something grand or heroic, like a filmmaker or an astronaut. In college, I finally realized that I wanted to do many things. So I became a psychologist. My job is to fix other people’s jobs. I get to experience them indirectly — I’ve gotten to explore how filmmakers blaze new trails and how astronauts build trust. And I am convinced that asking youngsters what they want to be does them harm. My first beef with the question is that it forces kids to define themselves in terms of work. When you’re asked what you want to be when you grow up, it’s not socially acceptable to say, “A father” or “A person of integrity.” This might be why parents say their most important value for their children is to care about others, yet their kids believe that top value is success. The second problem is the implication that there is one calling out there for everyone. Although having a calling can be a source of joy, research shows that searching for one leaves students feeling lost and confused. And even if you’re lucky enough to stumble onto a calling, it might not be a successful career. Callings often go unanswered: Many career passions don’t pay the bills, and many of us just don’t have the talent. There is a third hurdle: Careers rarely live up to your childhood dreams. In one study, looking for the ideal job left college seniors feeling more overwhelmed throughout the process — and less satisfied with the outcome. I’m all for encouraging youngsters to aim high and dream big. Those aspirations should be bigger than work. Think about what kind of person you want to be — and about all the different things you might want to do. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: A psychologist claims parents’ asking about kids’ future plans is harmful because kids will measure their worth by career success. It also implies everyone has a calling, but finding it puzzles kids and the calling may frustrate them. Seeking dream jobs often leaves kids dissatisfied. Kids should have ambition greater than work and consider who they really want to become. 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。身为心理学家的作者结合自身经历，反思得出询问孩子“长大后想做什么”会让他们以职业定义自我价值，并陷入“天职迷思”和理想化职业的困境，他建议应鼓励孩子思考“想成为什么样的人”，而非局限于工作目标。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①So I became a psychologist. ②And I am convinced that asking youngsters what they want to be does them harm. ③My first beef with the question is that it forces kids to define themselves in terms of work. ④This might be why parents say their most important value for their children is to care about others, yet their kids believe that top value is success. ⑤Although having a calling can be a source of joy, research shows that searching for one leaves students feeling lost and confused. ⑥Callings often go unanswered: Many career passions don’t pay the bills, and many of us just don’t have the talent. ⑦In one study, looking for the ideal job left college seniors feeling more overwhelmed throughout the process — and less satisfied with the outcome. ⑧I’m all for encouraging youngsters to aim high and dream big. ⑨Those aspirations should be bigger than work. ⑩Think about what kind of person you want to be — and about all the different things you might want to do. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2、3、4四个要点进行整合，结合作者的身份给出核心论点：问孩子未来职业是有害的，并从身份价值的角度给出第一个理由；将第5、6两个要点进行重组，从“天职”迷思的角度给出第二个理由；将第7个要点进行重组，从理想职业的角度给出第三个理由；将第8、9、10三个要点进行整合，给出问题的解决方案。 3. 遣词造句 Additionally, the assumption that everyone has one “true calling” often leads to confusion, as many passions don’t translate into viable careers. Instead, the author suggests shifting the focus from what to who — encouraging kids to aspire to meaningful personal growth beyond just occupational titles. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A psychologist claims parents’ asking about kids’ future plans is harmful because kids will measure their worth by career success. (运用了that引导宾语从句并被省略、because引导原因状语从句) [高分句型2] Kids should have ambition greater than work and consider who they really want to become. (运用了who引导宾语从句) 6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Experience Of A Used Bookstore I would choose a used bookstore over the shopping mall bookstores any day. The hunt through a used bookstore is thrilling and like no other. The door to a used bookstore opens a world of adventure. The atmosphere of a used bookstore alerts all your senses. The overwhelming but exciting view of an endless maze of books, the slight but present smell of books and paper, the sounds of pages being turned and the clerk commenting on the “good finds”, and the feel of books as you turn through that bin full of endless possibilities, and the taste of sweet taste of victory when you found a bargain. A used book tells more than just the story it was made to tell. The book comes with a sense of history. The book has passed through many hands before yours, and now it has ended up in yours. You have a chance to become part of this book’s history. My favorite used book is one that has documented history; a handwritten “To” and “From” note on the opening page, notes in the margins, and highlighted or underlined sections. This helps the reader to gain a perspective beyond their own. The same book or story leaves different impressions for everyone, and being able to follow the thoughts of a previous reader may help to expand our own minds, develop a perspective, or perhaps a new world view. A used book can provide a blast from the past. Looking through the shelves, or bins at a used bookstore may bring you across your favorite childhood books, or that one book that got you hooked and made you a book enthusiast. Perhaps, you find a book that you remember reading and want to pass on the joy to a kid in your life. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Wandering around the used bookstore makes me feel excited. All my senses are engaged along the adventurous hunt for a used book, which carries a sense of history and helps readers gain new perspectives by following previous readers’ thoughts. We may also find our childhood favorites there, encouraging us to pass down the joy of reading to kids. (58 words) 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者偏爱二手书店的原因，在二手书店搜寻书籍的过程令人兴奋，书店的氛围能调动所有感官；二手书承载着历史印记，前人的批注能拓宽读者视野；此外，还能在二手书店找到童年挚爱书籍，将阅读的快乐传递下去。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①I would choose a used bookstore over the shopping mall bookstores any day. The hunt through a used bookstore is thrilling and like no other. ②The atmosphere of a used bookstore alerts all your senses. ③A used book tells more than just the story it was made to tell. The book comes with a sense of history. ④My favorite used book is one that has documented history; a handwritten “To” and “From” note on the opening page, notes in the margins, and highlighted or underlined sections. This helps the reader to gain a perspective beyond their own. ⑤Looking through the shelves, or bins at a used bookstore may bring you across your favorite childhood books, or that one book that got you hooked and made you a book enthusiast. ⑥Perhaps, you find a book that you remember reading and want to pass on the joy to a kid in your life. 2. 缜密构思 将第①点作为总起句，点明作者对二手书店的偏爱及搜寻书籍的乐趣；将第②点作为二手书店的独特氛围特点；将第③、④点整合为二手书的历史价值及对读者视野的拓宽作用；将第⑤、⑥点整合为在二手书店能找回童年读物并传递阅读快乐；按此逻辑组织语言形成概要。 3. 遣词造句（与答案一致） Wandering around the used bookstore makes me feel excited. All my senses are engaged along the adventurous hunt for a used book, which carries a sense of history and helps readers gain new perspectives by following previous readers’ thoughts. We may also find our childhood favorites there, encouraging us to pass down the joy of reading to kids. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Wandering around the used bookstore makes me feel excited.（使用动名词短语作主语） [高分句型2] All my senses are engaged along the adventurous hunt for a used book, which carries a sense of history and helps readers gain new perspectives by following previous readers’ thoughts.（使用which引导的定语从句） 7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Sweetness: The Silent Killer in Disguise Imagine starting your day with a flavored yogurt, sipping soda at lunch, and ending with a “healthy” granola bar. You’d be shocked to learn these daily choices may contain over 50g of added sugar — far exceeding the WHO’s recommended 25g limit. This unconscious intake is just the first step toward a chain of health risks, as excessive sugar disrupts our bodies in ways we often ignore. Sugar’s most immediate threat lies in its metabolic disruption. When consumed in excess, fructose (果糖) overloads the liver, converting into fat and triggering insulin (胰岛素) resistance. This process not only raises blood sugar levels but also lays the groundwork for type 2 diabetes, as confirmed by Harvard research linking high-sugar diets to a 26% higher diabetes risk. Beyond metabolism, sugar wages war on the heart. A study in JAMA Internal Medicine revealed that adults consuming 25% of calories from sugar faced three times the risk of heart-related death. Sugar irritates blood vessels, raises “bad” cholesterol (LDL), and speeds up artery hardening. Research from the University of California shows that drinking just one sugary drink daily increases heart disease risk by 20%. New research shows how sugar harms the brain. UCLA studies found that diets high in sugar make the hippocampus smaller, which weakens memory and learning. Sugar addiction works like drug addiction, causing strong sugar cravings that take over clear thinking. A 2025 Neuroscience study found that sugar consumption potentially causes memory problems, restlessness and shorter attention spans. Breaking free requires mindful choices: check labels for hidden sugars, replace sodas with flavored water, and enjoy fruits’ natural sweetness. Simple changes, such as picking dark chocolate over candy, can help. Every spoonful of sugar is a decision — choose wisely for your health’s future. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Hidden sugars in daily food exceed health limits, posing severe health risks. It disrupts metabolism, increasing diabetes risk through insulin resistance. Sugar also dramatically increases heart disease risk by damaging blood vessels and raising cholesterol. Furthermore, it harms brain function, weakening cognitive capacity by shrinking hippocampus and causing addiction. Mindful dietary choices are essential to reduce sugar intake. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了日常食物中隐藏的糖分超出健康限度，会带来严重的健康风险。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①You’d be shocked to learn these daily choices may contain over 50g of added sugar — far exceeding the WHO’s recommended 25g limit. ②Sugar’s most immediate threat lies in its metabolic disruption. This process not only raises blood sugar levels but also lays the groundwork for type 2 diabetes. ③Beyond metabolism, sugar wages war on the heart. Sugar irritates blood vessels, raises “bad” cholesterol (LDL), and speeds up artery hardening. ④New research shows how sugar harms the brain. Sugar addiction works like drug addiction, causing strong sugar cravings that take over clear thinking. ⑤Breaking free requires mindful choices: check labels for hidden sugars, replace sodas with flavored water, and enjoy fruits’ natural sweetness. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点作为背景引入，第2、3、4个要点分别阐述糖对代谢、心脏和大脑的危害，第5个要点说明应对措施，重组为一段。 3.遣词造句 Excessive sugar intake disrupts metabolism, raising diabetes risk; harms the heart by irritating vessels and raising bad cholesterol; and damages the brain, weakening memory. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Hidden sugars in daily food exceeds health limits, posing severe health risks.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） 【高分句型2】Sugar also dramatically increases heart disease risk by damaging blood vessels and raising cholesterol.运用了含有非谓语动词的句子，对原文第二、三段进行了概括。其中动名词damaging，作宾语，表达非常高级。 8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Most people experience the natural feeling of jealousy at some point in their lives. Some people feel it more strongly than others and some even suffer from the feeling to the extent that jealousy starts consuming them. In some cases the feeling is justified but in others it is not. Frankly speaking, jealousy is a poisonous emotion, both for the person experiencing it and for their families and friends. Jealousy is usually considered as a single, independent emotion, but in reality, it is a whole bundle of feelings that interconnect with each other such as anger, fear, hurt, anxiety, sadness, depression, loneliness, envy, feeling powerless, feeling excluded and so on. For the most part, jealousy is a by-product of one’s own problems with self-confidence and self-respect. It is about a deep fear of the unknown fear of being abandoned and of losing power or control over their families or friends, and also the fear that the needs will not be met. Jealous people often feel very insecure and anxious about their worthiness, feeling that they might not be good enough. Jealousy can also easily become an obsession with people. Someone who is being consumed by jealousy constantly draws in mind pictures and imagines situations where their families or friends are betraying them. As a result, they always manage to convince themselves that their families or friends have done something not proper. These endless suspicions are poisonous and can be extremely harmful to any relationship. So, how is it possible to prevent these ugly thoughts from appearing and from flooding one’s mind at all? The best thing to start with is to start sharing your feelings with your families or friends. It is important to tell them openly that you love them. You may also want to explain that because they are so important to you, you are feeling jealous and insecure. In addition, never feel in a negative way about yourself and certainly do not talk negatively about yourself. Self-confidence is respected by others and if you are always able to think positively when negative feelings start invading you, a habit of doing so will be eventually developed in you. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Jealousy is a common but poisonous emotion, which is actually a mix of interconnected feelings like anger, fear and sadness. It mainly arises from low self-confidence and the fear of being abandoned or losing control. It can turn into obsession, causing suspicion and damaging relationships. To address it, share feelings with loved ones and foster positive self-confidence. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了嫉妒这一常见情绪的本质，指出其是多种交织情感的集合，源于自信心与自尊的缺失及相关恐惧心理，还会发展为执念破坏人际关系；同时给出应对方法，即与亲友倾诉感受并建立积极的自信心。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Most people experience the natural feeling of jealousy at some point in their lives. ②Frankly speaking, jealousy is a poisonous emotion, both for the person experiencing it and for their families and friends. ③in reality, it is a whole bundle of feelings that interconnect with each other such as anger, fear, hurt, anxiety, sadness, depression, loneliness, envy, feeling powerless, feeling excluded and so on. ④For the most part, jealousy is a by-product of one’s own problems with self-confidence and self-respect. ⑤Jealousy can also easily become an obsession with people. ⑥These endless suspicions are poisonous and can be extremely harmful to any relationship. ⑦The best thing to start with is to start sharing your feelings with your families or friends. ⑧never feel in a negative way about yourself and certainly do not talk negatively about yourself. 2. 缜密构思： 以①②点总起，点明嫉妒的普遍性与危害性；以③点说明嫉妒的本质是多种交织的情感；整合④点，指出嫉妒源于自信心和自尊的缺失及相关恐惧；以⑤⑥点表明嫉妒会发展为执念，滋生猜疑并破坏人际关系；最后整合⑦⑧点，给出应对嫉妒的具体方法。 3.遣词造句 Jealousy is a common but harmful emotion, which is actually a mix of interconnected feelings like anger, fear and sadness. It mainly results from low self-confidence and the fear of being abandoned or losing control. It can turn into obsession, leading to suspicion and damaging relationships. To address it, share feelings with loved ones and cultivate positive self-confidence. 【点睛】[高分句型1]Jealousy is a common but poisonous emotion, which is actually a mix of interconnected feelings like anger, fear and sadness. （用一个定语从句对一、二段部分内容进行总结，表达高级） [高分句型2]It can turn into obsession, causing suspicion and damaging relationships.（用现在分词作状语，对第三内容进行总结，表达高级） 9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. It’s Time to Learn From Snakes Nowadays, snakes are universally disliked. But if we stop disliking them and start listening, we might learn from these creatures that have been mastering harsh environments for well over 100 million years. Take, for example, a species of sea snake that inhabits the inland bays of a Pacific island. The coastal waters are a tropical mixture of pollutants and industrial wastes. In response to these environmental poisons, the sea snakes have evolved a very neat cleansing trick. The natural substance in their skin captures and locks away environmental poisons in their bodies before they can cause harm. The snakes get rid of the poisons every time they cast off their skins. Burmese python (巨蟒) also reveal astonishing biology. In harsh, unpredictable habitats where food may be scarce for months, they can go a year without eating, then swallow prey equal to their body weight. To cope, they regenerate, enlarge, and later shrink vital organs, a process that bypasses molecular stop signals which in other animals would stop growth and cause insulin (胰岛素) resistance. This allows them to process massive meals efficiently, making them masters of survival. Finally, we might reflect on the lesson of another Australian snake, the file snake. During years of limited rainfall, when rivers run low and prey becomes scarce, the females postpone reproductive maturation up to 10 years and may produce only once a decade. This is closely tied to resource availability and their ability to endure extended unfavorable conditions. Due to their low metabolic (代谢的) rate, these snakes can remain in a state of reduced activity, conserving energy and effectively waiting until environmental conditions improve. Facing increasing environmental extremes nowadays, we humans probably don’t have such luxury to wait out the bad times. But we can begin to learn from snakes that adaptation to a harsh environment is both possible and necessary. They must be doing something right. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Though widely disliked, snakes teach us lessons as masters of extreme environments. Living in poisonous environments, sea snakes can trap poisons and remove them by renewing skins. Burmese pythons can make vital organs bigger, smaller and even regrow to efficiently digest infrequent but large meals. Female file snakes can postpone reproduction to survive the lack of food and water. (59 words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了尽管蛇普遍不受欢迎，但它们作为极端环境中的生存大师，给我们提供了学习经验。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Nowadays, snakes are universally disliked. But if we stop disliking them and start listening, we might learn from these creatures that have been mastering harsh environments for well over 100 million years. ②The natural substance in their skin captures and locks away environmental poisons in their bodies before they can cause harm. The snakes get rid of the poisons every time they cast off their skins. ③To cope, they regenerate, enlarge, and later shrink vital organs, a process that bypasses molecular stop signals which in other animals would stop growth and cause insulin resistance. This allows them to process massive meals efficiently, making them masters of survival. ④During years of limited rainfall, when rivers run low and prey becomes scarce, the females postpone reproductive maturation up to 10 years and may produce only once a decade. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总结，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合，将总结性语句放在文章最后。 3.遣词造句 Though universally disliked, snakes have mastered harsh environments for over 100 million years; different species evolve unique survival tricks, offering humans valuable adaptation lessons amid growing environmental extremes. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Though widely disliked, snakes teach us lessons as masters of extreme environments.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第一段进行了概括。其中Though引导了让步状语从句，且使用了省略，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】Living in poisonous environments, sea snakes can trap poisons and remove them by renewing skins.运用了现在分词Living作状语、动名词renewing作宾语，对原文第二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Thirty-Three Shortly, I told Gabby that I could have been alive for half my life or all of it. She countered, suggesting a third. We sipped orange wine, described as “funky,” in a Berkeley restaurant filled with the glow of headlights through rain-streaked windows. Our conversations often centered on time — its different types, how we measure it, and its origins. One night, we became fascinated by the idea that time could be a universal fact or just the way we perceive it, like the ticking clock on the wall. The following day, our neighbor Gloria banged on the wall, prompting us to buy her flowers and write a note. I shared with Gabby that my brother had died at twenty-eight, and I was now five years older than he ever was. I wasn’t seeking sympathy but understanding, language to frame my experience. As we ate bread, Gabby mentioned a time-related app that claims to predict how many years we have left, based on lifestyle questions we answered at the table. Earlier, I had a fleeting sense that I might outlive my brother, despite knowing he hadn’t lived well. He refused a sentimental pocket watch from our grandfather, saying he couldn’t bear to keep something so meaningful. Our grandfather later gave the watch to me. I remembered middle school, when the album “Illmatic” and its chorus resonated with him, looping through his closed door. These memories began to overlay as I sat with Gabby, recalling moments of family and youth, all blending into the present. In that moment, I was hugging my grandfather on Berkeley’s University Ave., thanking him for the watch, and sharing memories of my brother. I realized how much time had passed since I met Gabby — almost a year ago, we didn’t know each other. I told Gabby the watch still worked but needed winding, forgiving my brother for his choices and words. Gabby smiled, and we clinked glasses of orange wine, sharing a meal of tuna carpaccio and boar ragu, feeling the flow of time and memory together. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Answer for Reference: Gabby and I pondered time’s nature over “funky” orange wine. I shared how my brother died at twenty-eight; It was about finding words to realize I’m now five years older than he ever was. Memories surfaced — my brother refusing our grandfather’s sentimental pocket watch. Recalling this with Gabby, I forgave his choices. Clinking glasses, we felt time and memory intertwine. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和Gabby在伯克利一家餐厅喝着“另类”的橙酒，探讨时间的本质；作者向她倾诉哥哥28岁离世，如今自己比哥哥在世时的年纪大了五岁，还回忆起哥哥拒绝祖父的怀表等往事，最终在与Gabby的交流中原谅了哥哥，两人举杯共饮，感受着时间与记忆的交织。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①We sipped orange wine, described as “funky,” in a Berkeley restaurant filled with the glow of headlights through rain-streaked windows. Our conversations often centered on time — its different types, how we measure it, and its origins. ②I shared with Gabby that my brother had died at twenty-eight, and I was now five years older than he ever was. ③I wasn’t seeking sympathy but understanding, language to frame my experience. ④He refused a sentimental pocket watch from our grandfather, saying he couldn’t bear to keep something so meaningful. ⑤I told Gabby the watch still worked but needed winding, forgiving my brother for his choices and words. ⑥Gabby smiled, and we clinked glasses of orange wine, sharing a meal of tuna carpaccio and boar ragu, feeling the flow of time and memory together. 2. 缜密构思 以第①点总起，点明作者和Gabby喝橙酒并探讨时间这一核心场景；将第②③点整合为作者向Gabby倾诉哥哥离世及自身心境的核心内容；将第④点作为与哥哥相关的关键回忆；将第⑤点作为作者原谅哥哥的心理转变；将第⑥点作为总结句，呈现两人感受时间与记忆交织的结尾场景，最终整合所有要点形成与答案一致的表述。 3. 遣词造句 Gabby and I pondered time’s nature over “funky” orange wine. I shared how my brother died at twenty-eight; It was about finding words to realize I’m now five years older than he ever was. Memories surfaced — my brother refusing our grandfather’s sentimental pocket watch. Recalling this with Gabby, I forgave his choices. Clinking glasses, we felt time and memory intertwine. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I shared how my brother died at twenty-eight; It was about finding words to realize I’m now five years older than he ever was.（运用了how引导的宾语从句以及省略that的宾语从句） [高分句型2] Clinking glasses, we felt time and memory intertwine.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） 11．Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. What is AI’s Role in Art Creation? As artificial intelligence advances across creative fields, a question emerges: Do people want AI to become an artist or simply a tool for artistic creation? Evidence suggests that while the public is increasingly familiar with AI systems, they would prefer to see AI supporting human creativity rather than replacing it. A key reason lies in the human dimension of art. When people picture their favorite works, say, Van Gogh’s The Starry Night, what they value is not merely technical delivery but the emotional depth tied to human experience. In a recent survey, over 60 percent said they would value their favorite artwork less if told it was AI-produced. Their responses highlight a shared belief: People seek the imaginative struggles and personal histories behind creative works, a quality machines cannot genuinely copy. Concerns about originality and copyright strengthen this resistance. Respondents criticized AI outputs as unoriginal, seeing them as mere reflections of models trained on vast quantities of human-created materials. The possibility of unauthorized data use and unclear artistic ownership fuels distrust. These worries reveal why people hesitate to view AI-generated materials-especially films-as real art: It lacks clear authorship and true creative intention. Yet attitudes shift when AI assists rather than replaces human artists. Forty-two percent of participants regarded users of AI as artists who provided clear creative direction — a sign of openness to human-AI collaboration. This perspective points to a real obstacle in today’s creative world: Many individuals with ideas lack the resources or skills to realize them. In such cases, AI can serve as an enabling tool, lowering costs and expanding access to creative expression. Ultimately, people value art as a human-centered means of connection. While AI can broaden artistic possibilities, it’s best used as a tool that supports and enriches human vision. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Most people prefer AI as a tool for art rather than an independent artist because they value the human emotion and personal history behind artworks. Concerns about originality and copyright also lead to resistance toward AI-generated art. However, if AI assists human artists by lowering creative barriers, it is more widely accepted. Ultimately, art is seen as a human-centered form of connection. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了人工智能在艺术创作中的角色，指出大众更倾向于AI作为创作工具而非独立艺术家，原因是人们看重艺术背后的人类情感与个人经历，且担忧AI作品的原创性和版权问题；AI辅助人类创作、降低创作门槛时易被接受，艺术终究是以人类为核心的情感联结方式。 【详解】1. 要点摘录（列出至少5个要点，均为原文原句） ①Evidence suggests that while the public is increasingly familiar with AI systems, they would prefer to see AI supporting human creativity rather than replacing it. ②When people picture their favorite works, say, Van Gogh’s The Starry Night, what they value is not merely technical delivery but the emotional depth tied to human experience. ③In a recent survey, over 60 percent said they would value their favorite artwork less if told it was Al-produced. ④Concerns about originality and copyright strengthen this resistance. ⑤Forty-two percent of participants regarded users of AI as artists who provided clear creative direction — a sign of openness to human-AI collaboration. ⑥In such cases, AI can serve as an enabling tool, lowering costs and expanding access to creative expression. ⑦Ultimately, people value art as a human-centered means of connection. 2. 缜密构思 以第①点总起，点明大众对AI的核心定位；整合②③点，说明人们重视艺术的人文属性是排斥AI替代创作的关键；以第④点作为原创性与版权层面的抗拒原因；整合⑤⑥点，体现大众对AI辅助创作的接受度及AI的作用；以第⑦点总结艺术的核心属性，最终整合所有要点形成与答案一致的表述。 3. 遣词造句 Most people prefer AI as a tool for art rather than an independent artist because they value the human emotion and personal history behind artworks. Concerns about originality and copyright also lead to resistance toward AI-generated art. However, if AI assists human artists by lowering creative barriers, it is more widely accepted. Ultimately, art is seen as a human-centered form of connection. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Most people prefer AI as a tool for art rather than an independent artist because they value the human emotion and personal history behind artworks.（运用了because引导原因状语从句） [高分句型2] However, if AI assists human artists by lowering creative barriers, it is more widely accepted.（运用了if引导条件状语从句） 12．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Flexible Thinking for Your Career Does work ever leave you feeling stuck with limited opportunities to be creative? To prosper, you might want to increase your brain’s flexibility. But is this even possible, and if so, how? Most jobs require the ability to problem-solve and cope with challenges, at least to a certain extent. Imagine a teacher who has a new and very nervous student in the class. If that teacher is a flexible thinker, he or she will be able to adapt the classroom management, even if he or she hasn’t seen this situation before. According to Leonard Mlodinow, author of Elastic, flexible thinkers rely on idea generation and imagination — they are willing to experiment and take risks. “Elastic thinking, or flexible thinking, is what you need when the circumstances change, and you are dealing with something new. It’s not about following rules.” Therefore, instead of following the typical procedure for welcoming a new student, the teacher might come up with a tailored response, based on prediction and previous experience. So, how can you become a more flexible thinker? According to Dr Lisa Feldman Barrett, it’s all about exercising the brain. One way of doing this, she says, is through exposure to a variety of experiences, which make it easier to adjust to new situations. A lot of companies now consider flexible thinking in the workplace, especially when it comes to design. Workspaces may have couches where workers can lie down and relax, giving them the space to come up with and process new ideas. Mlodinow says it’s very important to take time to daydream, listen to ideas and concepts you disagree with and spend time doing activities outside of your comfort zone. This will help you understand multiple points of view and therefore blossom in many different aspects of your career. So, if you want to make a change, you can become a flexible thinker too, with a little practice. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】       Flexible thinking is essential for career prosperity, as it helps people adapt to new situations and solve problems with imagination rather than rigid rules. It can be developed by exercising the brain, such as gaining diverse experiences, daydreaming, accepting opposing ideas and stepping out of comfort zones. Some companies also optimize workspaces to foster this ability. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了灵活思维对职业发展至关重要，能助力应对新情况、解决问题，可通过多样体验、放空、接纳异见等大脑锻炼来培养。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①To prosper, you might want to increase your brain’s flexibility. Most jobs require the ability to problem-solve and cope with challenges, at least to a certain extent. ②Elastic thinking, or flexible thinking, is what you need when the circumstances change, and you are dealing with something new. It’s not about following rules. ③According to Dr Lisa Feldman Barrett, it’s all about exercising the brain. One way of doing this, she says, is through exposure to a variety of experiences, which make it easier to adjust to new situations. ④Mlodinow says it’s very important to take time to daydream, listen to ideas and concepts you disagree with and spend time doing activities outside of your comfort zone. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Flexible thinking is crucial to career success because it helps people adapt to new situations and solve problems with imagination rather than rigid rules. It can be developed by exercising the brain, such as having different experiences, daydreaming, accepting opposing viewpoints, and stepping out of your comfort zone. Some companies will also optimize their workspaces to cultivate this ability. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Flexible thinking is essential for career prosperity, as it helps people adapt to new situations and solve problems with imagination rather than rigid rules. （运用了as引导的原因状语从句） [高分句型2] It can be developed by exercising the brain, such as gaining diverse experiences, daydreaming, accepting opposing ideas and stepping out of comfort zones.（运用了并列动名词短语作such as的宾语成分） 13．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Catania Turns the Tables on Blue Crabs In a suburb of Catania on Sicily’s east coast, smoke rises from street stalls grilling horse meat, while youngsters gather around counters selling seltz limone e sale — a soda drink with lemon and sea salt. Amid this lively scene, a family of ex-fishers, the Salamones, have opened La Fish, a seafood restaurant that dares to challenge local diet traditions. Alongside Sicily’s classics like swordfish (剑鱼) and tuna, tonight’s tasting menu features a surprising newcomer to the island’s tables — the Atlantic blue crab. These blue-clawed, olive-shelled crabs, originally from the western Atlantic Ocean, have become an ecological threat in the Mediterranean. Without natural enemies, they feed on young clams, destroying shellfish harvests and destroying Italy’s reputation as one of the world’s top clam producers. Their rapid spread has been linked to rising sea temperatures, which have made Sicilian waters increasingly welcoming to non-native species. What began as an environmental concern is gradually turning into a test of human adaptability. People in Sicily are responding in creative ways. One form of response comes from chef Mario Contadino, who celebrates the crab’s sweet and delicate flavor. He serves it on sticky sushi rice with onions, bell peppers, garlic, tomatoes, celery, and edible (可食用的) flowers to appeal to hesitant locals. “Catania people can be closed-minded, “he admits, “but that first bite does not lie. “Another response comes from scientists. Marine biologist Francesco Tiralongo of the University of Catania argues that embracing such non-native species in local diets is”a necessary response to climate change and ecological challenges. “ Social acceptance is following slowly but steadily. In the fish market behind Piazza del Duomo, shopkeeper Rosario now sells 20 kilograms of blue crab a day, saying customers love its taste. Meanwhile, the Salamone family turns the outsider into opportunity: by presenting blue crab as a fancy food, they show that”anything can be edible. “ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 In Sicily, the invasive Atlantic blue crab threatens local shellfish but has inspired creative responses. Chefs like Mario Contadino promote its culinary value, while scientists advocate its consumption as an adaptation to climate change. Gradually, locals are accepting it as a food source, transforming an ecological threat into a culinary opportunity. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍西西里卡塔尼亚人如何把入侵物种大西洋蓝蟹“化害为宝”——从生态威胁变为餐桌新宠，体现了人类对气候变化与物种入侵的灵活应对。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Invasive Atlantic blue crab, linked to rising sea temperatures, devours young clams and damages Italy’s shellfish reputation. ②Chef Mario Contadino promotes its sweet meat with creative dishes; biologist Francesco Tiralongo argues eating it is a necessary climate-adaptation strategy. ③Fish vendor Rosario now sells 20 kg daily; the Salamone family present it as fancy food, winning slow but steady social acceptance. 2. 缜密构思 将①压缩为“入侵原因+危害”；将②整合为“厨师+科学家”双轨对策；将③概括为“市场接受+身份转变”，形成“问题—对策—结果”三段式。 3. 遣词造句 The warming-mediated Atlantic blue crab invades Sicilian waters, wrecking clam beds. Catania counters by culinary rebranding: chefs craft enticing recipes and scientists endorse consumption as climate adaptation. Gradual public acceptance now converts the pest into a profitable delicacy. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Chefs like Mario Contadino promote its culinary value, while scientists advocate its consumption as an adaptation to climate change.（运用了while连接两个句子，强调前后两者的对比） [高分句型2] Gradually, locals are accepting it as a food source, transforming an ecological threat into a culinary opportunity.（运用了现在分词transforming作状语） 14．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Is artificial intelligence giving us false memories? You may have seen videos spreading online of some celebrities doing strange things — for example, making funny faces. You may also have seen videos of them joining in lively dances at a celebration. The thing is, one of these things really happened and the other is created by artificial intelligence (AI). You might remember both, but can you remember which is which? In psychology, a ‘source monitoring framework’ describes the processes involved in identifying where our memories came from. The framework records the source of a memory as one piece of information. It gets embedded into the memory alongside other aspects of what we experienced. The ‘label’ that states where the memory came from can easily fade though, even while other aspects of the memory persist. Thus, AI-generated videos risk mixing up with real events in our minds — a problem that could worsen as AI video improves. This separation between a memory’s content and its source happens all the time. How often do you recognise an actor’s face on-screen, but can’t recall what other films or TV shows you’ve seen them in? These same memory failures help explain how easy it is to form ‘false memories’, as shown by the research of Prof Elizabeth Loftus. She observed that when certain ideas are suggested to us, we make them up in our own minds, but later on forget where the ideas initially came from. They can then be easily mistaken for events that actually happened to us. Based on Loftus’s findings, it seems likely that AI will be able to plant many false memories in our minds, especially if we consume the artificial content in a similar setting to where we consume real news. As such, we need to discuss how to label AI-generated content to make it easier to remember it’s not real. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Artificial intelligence is blurring the line between real and fake memories, especially in videos. According to psychology’s “source monitoring framework,” memory sources fade over time, making AI-generated content easily confused with real experiences. Professor Loftus’s research shows that people often forget the origin of ideas, leading to false memories. Therefore, clear labeling of AI content is necessary to help distinguish reality from fabrication. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了人工智能可能使我们产生虚假记忆的问题。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①AI-generated videos may mix with real events in our minds, causing confusion. ②According to the “source monitoring framework” in psychology, memory sources fade over time, making it hard to distinguish AI-generated content from real experiences. ③Professor Loftus’s research shows people often forget idea origins, leading to false memories. ④Clear labeling of AI content is necessary to help distinguish reality from fabrication. 2.缜密构思 将要点①②整合，阐述AI使真假记忆混淆的原理；要点③作为研究支持；要点④提出应对措施。 3.遣词造句 AI blurs real and fake memories, especially in videos, as memory sources fade over time, according to psychology. 【点睛】【高分句型1】According to psychology’s “source monitoring framework,” memory sources fade over time, making AI-generated content easily confused with real experiences.运用了现在分词making作状语，对原文第二段进行了概括。 【高分句型2】Professor Loftus’s research shows that people often forget the origin of ideas, leading to false memories.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第三段进行了概括。其中that引导的宾语从句，和现在分词leading作状语，表达非常高级。 15．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The role of music in advertising Music is all around us. It’s an accessible and popular art form which accompanies our daily lives, so advertisers spend much time and money securing the right music for an advertisement in order to boost sales. Research suggests that the specific qualities of music as an art form enhance the science of selling. As one researcher puts it, “Music is the catalyst (催化剂) of advertising. It expands pictures and colors words, and often adds a form of energy available through no other source.” Take the visually simple but interesting advertisement for an airline in France, with the soundtrack of Mozart’s Piano Concerto No. 23, for example. It projects greatness and elegance in the hope that viewers will associate those qualities with the airline. My research, which looked at hundreds of viewer comments about the music used in advertising, suggested it was successful. Music is also effective at arousing feelings of nostalgia (怀旧之情). The extent to which music arouses emotional memories in advertisements creates associations with consumers’ past experiences. A good choice of music allows businesses to tap into this nostalgia for commercial benefit. However, the use of popular music in advertising can also develop arguments around the tension between artistic effort and commercialism. Some people believe a work of art shouldn’t be used for the pursuit of profit. The findings of my study showed that consumers sometimes passionately oppose the use of music produced by respected musicians in advertisements, as they believe that doing this destroys its pure artistic value. For example, the use of the Beatles’ song Revolution by one shoe brand was seen by some as using John Lennon’s song word to sell shoes. It made some of its wearers so angry that they refused to buy the products. So advertisers need to be careful. While the right choice of music can attract customers, the wrong choice can create opposition. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Advertisers use music in advertisements to boost sales. For one thing, music can create brand associations, projecting the quality of the product. For another, music taps into nostalgia, boosting commercial appeal. However, using cherished songs can cause opposition, as some perceive it as commercial exploitation, harming artistic integrity. Therefore, advertisers must carefully select music to attract customers. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了广告商利用音乐增强品牌形象并唤起消费者怀旧情感，但过度商业化可能引发艺术价值受损的争议，因此需权衡音乐选择以吸引顾客。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①It’s an accessible and popular art form which accompanies our daily lives, so advertisers spend much time and money securing the right music for an advertisement in order to boost sales. ②It projects greatness and elegance in the hope that viewers will associate those qualities with the airline. ③Music is also effective at arousing feelings of nostalgia (怀旧之情). ④A good choice of music allows businesses to tap into this nostalgia for commercial benefit. ⑤However, the use of popular music in advertising can also develop arguments around the tension between artistic effort and commercialism. ⑥The findings of my study showed that consumers sometimes passionately oppose the use of music produced by respected musicians in advertisements, as they believe that doing this destroys its pure artistic value. ⑦So advertisers need to be careful. ⑧While the right choice of music can attract customers, the wrong choice can create opposition. 2. 缜密构思 将第1个要点进行缩略，点明音乐在广告中的作用；将第2个要点进行提炼，说明音乐创造品牌联想；将第3、4两个要点进行整合，说明音乐唤起怀旧情感；将第5、6两个要点进行整合，补充商用音乐的风险及其原因；将第5、6两个要点进行重组，给出谨慎选择音乐的结论。 3. 遣词造句 Advertisers use music to enhance brand image and evoke nostalgia, boosting appeal. However, commercializing revered songs may trigger backlash for exploiting art. Thus, balancing commercial goals with artistic integrity is crucial to avoid alienating consumers. 【点睛】[高分句型1] For another, music taps into nostalgia, boosting commercial appeal. (运用了现在分词boosting…作状语) [高分句型2] However, using cherished songs can cause opposition, as some perceive it as commercial exploitation, harming artistic integrity. (运用了动名词using…作主语、as引导原因状语从句、现在分词harming…作状语) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $