专题09 六选四15篇（上海专用）（高考典例+热点话题练习）-2026届上海高考英语总复习

专题09 六选四15篇 (上海专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 社会问题与社会现象,科普知识 2 适中 其他著名人物,人与动植物 3 适中 社会问题与社会现象,科普知识 4 适中 食物与饮料 ,健康饮食 5 适中 社会问题与社会现象,信息技术 6 适中 环境保护,环境污染 7 适中 音乐与舞蹈,社会问题与社会现象 8 较难 社会问题与社会现象 9 适中 社会问题与社会现象 10 适中 社会问题与社会现象,健康饮食 11 较难 组织与机构,社会问题与社会现象 12 较难 社会问题与社会现象 13 适中 购物选择,社会问题与社会现象 14 适中 方法/策略,学习 15 适中 发明与创造 ,信息技术 【高考典例】 Too Big, Too Expensive and Too Silly — Why Video Game Movies Fail Film adaptations of video games have fallen on the unsuspecting viewing public like a Drop Bear.At first they look harmless enough, but they often leave viewers bruised and regretful. These movies are plentiful. 1 Yet despite big budgets and quality talent both in front of and behind the camera, most video game movies are commercial and critical failures. 2 The answer comes down to a complex mix of conflicting audience demands and commercial realities. Video game movies often assume that the audience wants, or is interested in, the game’s legend and background. In fairness, this is out of fear that fans will? Criticise legend changes, alienating a key demographic. But games reveal legend progressively over tens of hours of gameplay, whereas movies have a small portion of that time. This tension risks creating boring exposition and complex story lines. For example, Warcraft details the origins of conflict between humans and orcs (兽), the central conflict in the game’s world. 3 Additionally, excessive adherence to the source material extends to using silly plot devices without spending enough time establishing proper reasons for their existence. In games, these can work due to the “unspoken but commonly understood logic of ‘this is a video game’”. In a game, people accept inconsistent narrative devices because they facilitate interesting interaction and are the quickest route towards allowing gamers to, say, shoot hell-monsters on Mars. The game series became increasingly complex , as the player-controlled protagonist (主角) parkoured his way through time periods like Renaissance Italy and Revolutionary America. The incredibility of the narrative world paled beside the fun of vaulting from rooftop to rooftop in15th-century Florence. 4 The plot — an original story which retains the key elements of the games — was criticized as “scattered and fractured”, “ hastily explained” and “ disorienting”. Vanity Fair pointed out that. It’s not clear why any of this is happening“ and RogerEbert.com summed it up as：Characters[talking] in quiet whispers about the complex methods they use to realize their poorly-hidden agendas. A．So why do these movies fail? B．The film, in contrast, failed to bring its audience along for the ride. C．Game adaptations” issues seem not to be due to a lack of resources. D．But the return on investment is not encouraging, with a number failing to recoup costs. E．The potential to appeal to a devoted fan base makes these movies an attractive prospect. F．However, a common criticism was that it was full of boring exposition and mostly uninteresting characters. When Leakey and Jane begin a study of wild chimpanzees on the shore of Lake Tanganyika, British authorities resist the idea of a young woman living among wild animals in Africa.They finally agree to Leakey’s proposal when Jane’s mother Vanne volunteers to accompany her daughter for the first three months. On July 14, 1960, Jane and Vanne arrive on the shores of Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve in western Tanzania. 1 The animals fled from Jane in fear. With patience and determination she searched the forest every day, deliberately trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too soon. Gradually the chimpanzees accepted her presence. Jane observes meat-eating for the first time October 30, 1961. Later, she sees the chimpanzees hunt for meat. 2 On November 4, 1961, Jane observes David Greybeard and Goliath making tools to extract termites (白蚁) from their mounds. They would select a thin branch from a tree, strip the leaves and push the branch into the termite mound. After a few seconds they would pull out the termite-covered stick and pick off the tasty termites with their lips. This becomes one of Jane’s most important discoveries. 3 On hearing of Jane’s observation, Leakey famously says: “Now we must redefine tool, redefine man, or accept chimpanzees as humans.” Jane’s work in Gombe becomes more widely known and in 1962 she is accepted at Cambridge University as a PhD candidate, one of very few people to be admitted without a university degree. 4 “It would have been more scientific to give them numbers”, they say. Jane has to defend an idea that might now seem obvious: that chimpanzees have emotions, minds and personalities. Jane in Africa National Geographic decides to sponsor Jane’s work and sends photographer and filmmaker Hugo van Lawick to document Jane’s life in Gombe. In August 1963, Jane publishes her first article in National Geographic, “My Life Among Wild Chimpanzees.” A．But studying the chimpanzees of Gombe was not easy. B．Until that time, only humans were thought to create tools. C．These observations disprove the widely held belief that chimpanzees are vegetarian. D．So she learns to be a secretary and works for a time at Oxford University typing documents. E．However, Jane loves the toy and names the chimpanzee Jubilee, carrying it with her everywhere. F．Some scholars and scientists give Jane a cold reception and criticise her for giving the chimpanzees names. “Our research has shown that the No.1 reason people become fans is that it’s your connection to your first community,” said Adam Earnhardt, chairman of the communications department at Youngstown State University and co-author of Sports Fans, Identity and Socialization: Exploring the Fandemonium. “I don’t care if a Seattle fan moves to China, he or she carries with them their love for the sports teams,” he said. “ 1 ” 2 And when a team begins to catch fire, as with, say, the Mariners in’ 95 or the Seahawks of recent vintage, well, it’s east to get swept up in the wave. “It’s phenomenal,” said Simons. “We have this ability to understand other people so remarkably that their victories literally become ours. Our testosterone literally responds to their victory. 3 They’re us, and competing on a literal level as us — a little extension of us.” Professor Robert Cialdini at Arizona State University came up with the term BIRG — Basking In Reflected Glory — to describe the intense pride fans feel when their teams succeed. It can be used as a verb, as in, “Seahawks’ fans are currently BIRGing up a storm.” The counterpoint, as coined by researchers C． R. Snyder, MaryAnne Lassergard and Carol E. Ford, is the concept of CORFing — Cutting Off Reflected Failure. 4 We’ve all heard it in action: We won, but they lost.   This leads into another concept, that of cognitive bias, also known as confirmation bias, which causes fans to help explain away defeats by blaming outside factors, such as referees. I’m sure it would also help explain why Seahawks fans rallied around Richard Sherman after his postgame interview, rationalizing behavior that was widely criticized by many fans with no vested interest. It could also explain the notion, of “eustress,” invented by endocrinologist Hans Selye to refer to a combination of euphoria and stress, such as that resulting from watching tense sporting events. Indeed, it’s much of the appeal. A．It means that different team is accessible to you. B．Belonging to your favorite team stimulates your confidence. C．That identity is first and foremost. D．The more we follow a team, the deeper the bond becomes. E．In that sense, your favorite team can serve the same purpose as church and family: Fostering a sense of belonging. F．This refers to the inclination by fans to distance themselves from their team after a defeat. 【热点话题练习】 Butter is Back After decades as a dietary pariah (被遗弃者) , it’s a star ingredient in everything from brown butter pasta to butter cake, and you may have noticed the growing variety at the supermarket. Americans eat an average of 6. 5 pounds per year, up 18 percent over the past decade, according to the International Dairy Foods Association. Why the butter renaissance? For one thing, America’s obsession with fat-free foods has been eclipsed by a growing appetite for minimally processed ingredients. 1 When you want steak browned to perfection, you baste (浇油脂) it in butter. Hollandaise sauce and flaky croissants could not exist without it. And few food combinations are tastier than a salted dollop on crusty bread. Of course, butter is creamy because it’s full of fat, most of which is the saturated kind that’s been linked to a higher risk of heart disease. A study found that people who ate the most butter had a 15 percent higher risk of early death from any cause, while those who consumed the most plant-based oil — such as olive, canola, and soybean oils — had a 16 percent lower risk. 2 “Butter is not a health food we should be seeking out, but not a poison we should be avoiding, either,” says cardiologist Dariush Mozaffarian. It’s all about balance: When your diet doesn’t include much food high in saturated fat, such as red meat and whole-milk dairy products, “eating butter in moderation is fine,” he says. 3 But they’re not necessarily better for you than regular butter and usually can’t match its flavor or effect when cooking or baking. Margarine is typically made from a blend of vegetable oils like soybean or sunflower, but some may contain palm oil, which is high in saturated fat. “Light” butter may blend real butter with canola oil for reduced fat and calories. Whipped butter also has less fat and fewer calories because it has more air. 4 Buttery sprays are low in calories and fat, give grilled food, vegetables, and popcorn quick flavor, and can be used to grease pans. However, these spritzes tend to contain high amounts of artificial ingredients. A．That doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy butter, though. B．For the sake of health, we should try to resist its temptation. C．Both can serve as perfect substitutes for butter. D．For another, nothing flavors all kinds of food like butter can. E．Neither works well for baking, but they can satisfy a bread-and-butter craving. F．If you want to cut back on butter or prefer plant-based foods, there are some alternatives. Twilight of the Brands It’s a truism of business-book thinking that a company’s brand is its “most important asset,” more valuable than technology or patents or manufacturing prowess. But brands have never been more fragile. The reason is simple: consumers are supremely well informed and far more likely to investigate the real value of products than to rely on logos. Absolute Value, a new book by Itamar Simonson and Emanuel Rosen shows that, historically, the rise of brands was a response to an information-poor environment. 1 If a car was made by G. M., or a ketchup by Heinz, you assumed that it was pretty good. It was hard to figure out if a new product from an unfamiliar company was reliable or not, so brand loyalty was a way of reducing risk. Today, consumers can read much research about whatever they want to buy. This started back with Consumer Reports, which did objective studies of products. 2 It has given ordinary consumers easy access to expert reviews, user reviews, and detailed product data, in an array of categories. A recent study found that eighty per cent of consumers look at online reviews before making major purchases, and a host of studies have logged the strong influence those reviews have on the decisions people make. 3 An undesirable product can become a laughingstock (笑柄) in a matter of hours. In the old days, you might buy a Sony television set because you’d owned one before, or because you trusted the brand. Today, such considerations matter much less than reviews on Amazon and Engadget and CNET. As Simonson said, “each product now has to prove itself on its own.” It’s been argued that in a world where consumers are overwhelmed with information, the information will actually make brands more valuable. Indeed, the role a brand plays in people’s lives has become all the more important. But information overload is largely a myth. 4 And this has made customer loyalty pretty much a thing of the past. Only twenty-five per cent of American respondents in a recent study said that brand loyalty affected how they shopped. A．But what’s really weakened the power of brands is the Internet. B．For consumers this is ideal: heightened competition has raised quality and held down prices. C．When consumers had to rely on advertisements and their past experience with a company, brands served as a guarantee for quality. D．A large quantity of consumers fail to get a great deal of information efficiently and effectively. E．The rise of social media has sped up the trend to an astonishing degree. F．Most consumers figure out how to find what they’re looking for without spending huge amounts of time online. Nuclear Waste As people recognize the dangers of fossil fuel plants, especially the risk of global warming from carbon dioxide production — nuclear power begins to look more attractive. But what about the waste — all that highly radioactive debris (残骸) that will endure for thousands of years? Nuclear waste is one of the biggest technical issues that any future president is likely to face. 1 Plutonium (钚) has a half-life of 24, 000 years. Even after 100, 000 years, the radiation will still be above 10% of the level it had when it left the reactor. 2 How can we possibly prove that this material can be kept safe for 100000 years? Still the US government persists in pursuing “safe” nuclear waste disposal (处理) . It has created nuclear waste facilities buried deep within Yucca Mountain, Nevada. To keep the waste safe, the storage rooms are 1, 000 feet below the surface. 3 It needs at least 2 square miles. The cost of the facility is expected to reach $100 billion, with hundreds of billions of dollars more in operating costs. To make matters worse, earthquakes happen often in the Yucca Mountain region. More than 600 earthquakes of magnitude of 2.5 and higher have occurred within 50 miles in the last decade alone. Although that was millions of years ago, how sure can we be that the waste facility won’t be torn apart by another eruption? 4 Why not just send the waste into the sun? Well, maybe that’s not such a good idea, since on launch some rockets do crash back down to the earth. Some scientists have proposed that the waste be put in ships and sunk under the oceans. Yet just the fact that scientists make such suggestions seems to emphasize how severe the problem really is. A．Many alternatives have been suggested to the nuclear waste storage. B．What if it leaks into the ground and reaches human water supplies? C．Why do many people worry about the risk of global warming? D．To store even part of the present nuclear waste requires a vast area. E．The problem of nuclear waste seems totally hard to deal with. F．To dispose it into the less populated regions sounds quite practical. Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. Poland has its polkas. Hungary has its czardas. Brazil is famous for the bossa nova, Caribbean countries for the merengue, and Argentina for the tango. The U.S. is known for jazz, a completely original type of music that has gained worldwide popularity. 1 In contrast to classical music, which follows formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy, expressing the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. Brash, uninhibited, and exciting, it has a modern sound. In the 1920s, jazz sounded like America. And so it does today. The origins of this music are as interesting as the music itself. Jazz was invented by American Negroes, or Blacks as they are called today, who were brought to the Southern states as slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long hours in the cotton and tobacco fields. 2 When a Black person died, their friends and relatives formed a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. A band often accompanied the procession. On the way to the cemetery, the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. But on the way home, the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Everybody was happy. Death had removed one of their number, but the living were glad to be alive. The band played happy music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes presented at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. 3 Music has always been important in Black life. Coming mainly from West Africa, the people who were brought to America already possessed a rich musical tradition. This music centered on religious ceremonies in which dancing, singing, clapping, and stamping to the beat of a drum were important forms of musical and rhythmic expression. 4 In the fields, they made up work songs. Singing made the hard work go faster. And as the people were converted to Christianity, they composed lovely spirituals, which have become a permanent part of American music. A．Jazz played a mood-changing role in colonial black people’s life. B．Jazz is America’s contribution to popular music. C．This work was hard, and life was short. D．It was an early form of jazz. E．Black people merrily practised dance during the procession accompanied by a band. F．As these people settled into their new life in the plantations of the South, music retained its importance. Human beings are social creatures. We build bonds, cultivate friendships, and nurture family ties in hopes of finding love, support, and understanding. Ideally, these relationships become safe havens where we can share our deepest thoughts, worries, and vulnerabilities without fear of judgment. 1 Why is this the case? Why would we share our fears with a therapist, a fellow traveler on a train, or even an anonymous voice on the internet rather than with our spouse, sibling, or best friend? The answer lies in the intricate interplay between psychology, social expectations, and human emotion. There’s something you’ve been dying to get off your chest but you don’t want to live in the reality of a world where this secret is not. If you share it with a stranger, you release the tension and still keep your personal world away from it. 2 You’ll literally tell them anything in the world. This uncertainty between us ushers in a certain ease; the judgement of strangers matters little because it’s unlikely one will cross paths with them again. The absence of attachment we feel towards a stranger during our interactions, coupled with the fact that there are hardly any repercussions (恶果), lead to a sense of relative safety, encouraging emotional expression and disclosure. 3 Our interactions with strangers lack the baggage of these dynamics. When talking to strangers, however, one can share highly personal information without damaging their reputation within one’s social circle. The spouse is a friend, often a co-parent, also a lover, and hopefully, an advocate of our work. Our parents have your entire life’s history in their head and friends are familiar with which the person what we should to be. When we need comfort, we’re unsure which of their roles these people might play- and wary that it might be a role that gives us something other than the unconditional support we’re looking for in the moment. So, we confide in someone else altogether. Conversations with strangers, on the contrary, can thus allow us to reexamine our lives through a new lens. Strangers offer the unique advantage of providing fresh perspectives and objective viewpoints, offering unbiased advice and impartial opinions. 4 That is one of the reasons that we can find solace in the validation and support offered by strangers, which they were otherwise denied by the people in their lives. Moreover, we don’t necessarily have to worry about bookending everything we say with social niceties. This also increases the appeal of the advice we might receive from strangers in return: they can be blunt in their takes because they too don’t have to worry about the way we might feel about their responses. A．Yet, paradoxically, many of us discover that it is sometimes easier to confide in a stranger than in someone close to us. B．Sometimes we choose not to open our hearts to family or friends, not because we don’t trust them, but because we fear burdening them or altering the relationship. C．They allow us to get out of our heads and break up that negative self-focus, and prevent the train of negative circular thinking. D．Social connections built over time come with assumptions, judgments, and expectations, which can inhibit individuals from fully expressing themselves. E．Perhaps the paradox of intimacy is that the closer we are to someone, the easier it becomes to take them for granted. F．When you know you won’t see the person again, you’re a little too comfortable. Swimming Is Not Just a Sport. It’s a Survival Tool In December 2024, the World Health Organization released its first-ever report on drowning prevention, noting more than 7.2 million people, many children, could die by drowning by the year 2050 if current trends continue. If we look further, there are shocking divides when it comes to children from underserved communities with 64% of Black children and 45% of Latino children having few to no swimming skills. In many mostly Black communities, swimming is often seen as an unnecessary skill — something reserved for the wealthy, white elite, those who have a pool or live by the ocean. 1 Research indicates that Black children and their parents are three times more fearful of drowning than white children and their parents. This fear is not unfounded. Many of these families, for generations, have been excluded from learning the life-saving skill of swimming due to systemic barriers — whether that’s a lack of access to pools, inadequate swim programs, or simply not knowing where to start. 2 78% of Black children and 62% of Latino children lack adequate swimming skills when their parents have no or low swimming competency. But the thing is: swimming is not just a sport — it’s a survival tool. Swim lessons and water safety education can dramatically change the path of children’s lives. Studies show that formal swim lessons reduce the risk of drowning by 88%. This is why we must invest in community driven efforts to make swimming accessible to all children. 3 Such organizations provide swim scholarships and build partnerships with swim lesson providers to provide low and no-cost swim lesson access to families in need. 4 We need action. Schools, cities, community organizations, and more must prioritize water safety education in diverse neighborhoods. For too long, the lack of swimming ability in underserved communities has been overlooked. We can no longer afford to ignore this issue when children’s lives are at risk. A．This means funding local swim programs and the work of organizations. B．We must break this misconception. C．This ongoing cycle of fear and inadequate training is passed through generations. D．This misunderstanding has potentially put Black children and their parents in danger. E．This fear is infectious, leading to widespread reluctance to invest in swim programs. F．It’s not enough to just talk about the problem. Plant-based diets have become increasingly popular, driven by concerns for health, animal welfare, and the environment. More people are replacing meat with fruits, vegetables, and grains, and this trend shows no sign of slowing down. Nutritional balance is a key focus for those adopting such diets. While plants offer plenty of fiber and vitamins, they often lack certain nutrients. 1 For example, vitamin B12, critical for nerve function, is rarely found in plant foods, so many vegetarians rely on supplements. 2 In some cultures, plant-based eating is deeply rooted in tradition. Take Thailand, where dishes like green curry with tofu and stir-fried morning glory are staples. These meals are not just vegetarian but central to the country’s culinary identity, passed down through generations. Other cultures, however, struggle to embrace meat-free diets. In Argentina, where asado (barbecue) is a cornerstone of social life, replacing beef with plant-based alternatives can feel like a rejection of cultural heritage. 3 Families often gather around grilled meats, and many view vegetarianism as a foreign concept. Technological innovations are making plant-based diets more accessible. Companies now produce plant-based steaks and sausages that closely mimic the taste and texture of meat. 4 From vegan cheese to egg substitutes, these products allow people to enjoy familiar flavors while sticking to their dietary choices. A．It’s not just about the food itself, but also about upholding age-old culinary traditions. B．These cultural connections create hurdles for plant-based diets in such areas. C．They utilize components like mushroom extract and pea protein to replicate the texture. D．Cultural norms significantly influence the acceptance of plant-based diets. E．Hence, meticulous meal planning is crucial to prevent nutrient deficiencies. F．A common concern is that eliminating meat might cause fatigue or weakness. The Joy of Small Museums Of the 2, 500 museums estimated to exist around the UK, the great national institutions take all the air, with their popular shows and rows over funding, return of seized treasures and — in the case of the British Museum — reported thefts. 1 From their earliest days, critics have challenged their tendency to collect and display the remains of empires. The writer G. K. Chesterton once remarked that the Museum is not meant either for the wanderer to see by accident, but rather for the mere slave of a routine of self-education to stuff himself with every sort of intellectual food in one indigestible meal. But there are hundreds of smaller museums, often founded by enthusiasts, that make an incalculable contribution to cultural life. For those financed through local authorities, the past decade and a half has been harsh, with spending on England’s museums and galleries falling by more than a third. 2 The Musical Museum is a case in point. It was founded in an abandoned church by Frank Holland to house his growing collection of instruments, and he sold his home to support it. It has since moved to a new building, from where it streams concerts on the Mighty Wurlitzer. 3 Volunteers rolled up their sleeves and responded by launching a 60th-anniversary appeal, which is on the point of reaching its target. 4 They embody many different enthusiasms, from pens (Birmingham) to dog collars (Kent). Such institutions are labours of love. They are also statements of what individuals or communities want to save of, and for, themselves  — and the work they will put into preserving it. They are the stories of what we have been and who we are. A．But as Mr Holland’s fund ran dry, the museum had to lay off staff and cut opening hours. B．Yet collecting is a basic human instinct, and the will to share collections is strong. C．Have you heard about the museum of clocks that may have to be closed unless the founder can find someone to keep it running when he retires? D．Doubts about the size and purpose of such vast institutions are nothing new. E．But if proof of living value were needed, one of their members provided it two years ago. F．This is a story that will ring bells with many small museums. African Union urges adoption of world map showing continent’s true size The African Union has supported a campaign to stop using the Mercator world map. The “Correct The Map” initiative urges governments and international organizations to use maps that show the true size of Africa. 1 It makes areas near the poles, such as North America and Europe, appear larger, while reducing lands near the equator like Africa. And it creates a false idea of Africa as less important, even though it is the world’s second-largest continent in both area and population.This incorrect view helps continue stereotypes (刻板印象) that affect international media, education, and policy. Although criticism of the Mercator map is not new, the campaign has brought back the debate. 2 This correction is vital because, as Moky Makura of Africa No Filter explains, Africa has long been presented in a misleading way on world maps. Nevertheless, the Mercator map remains widely used in schools and across the tech industry. This widespread use is obvious in its status as the standard map for countless educational resources. 3 4 Seeing Africa shown smaller on world maps hurts people’s pride and harms children’s self-image. “We are working to make the Equal Earth projection the main map used in classrooms across Africa,” said Fara Ndiaye, co-founder of Speak Up Africa. In support of this educational effort, the African Union will encourage wider use of correct maps among its member states. A．The Mercator map, a 16th-century navigation tool, misrepresents the world’s continents. B．Besides, the Mercator maps can greatly influence people’s sense of cultural identity. C．Similarly, it still serves as the main world map on many digital platforms and mobile apps. D．However, changing classroom materials alone won’t fully address public misconceptions. E．It encourages the use of the 2018 Equal Earth projection to show countries’ sizes correctly F．Experts argue modern mapping tools have made traditional world projections less important. Mystery Boxes Most of us know what it’s like to get presents from friends. Whether it’s for a birthday or other celebration, it’s hard to beat the excitement of opening a carefully wrapped box to find something that’s both unexpected and suits you perfectly. Now, imagine if you could get the same feeling when you go shopping for yourself. That’s the feeling that mystery boxes hope to reproduce. Mystery boxes are not a new idea— they were a feature of department stores in Japan in the early 20th century. They contain a range of different products, which are sold at a lower price than their combined value. 1 All kinds of mystery boxes are available: fashion boxes, food boxes, beauty boxes, even lucky boxes, which are virtual items for video games. The pleasant surprise is not the only attraction of mystery boxes. 2 Seasonal vegetable subscription boxes might lead people to learn to cook new meals. They can also potentially offer great savings— as the recommended consumer price of the contents is often far higher than the purchase price. For sellers and suppliers, the benefits are clear: 3 British fashion mystery box businessman Mario Maher highlights how mystery boxes can help reduce the amount of waste in the fashion industry. People might discover product ranges that would otherwise be thrown away. 4 When you buy them, you don’t know what you’ll get. It may be that the goods inside are not to your taste, but there is also the potential for cheaters to employ the unpredictability of mystery boxes to send items that have a much lower value than the price of the box. So, are mystery boxes a fun way of reducing waste and making shopping more exciting, or more an opportunity for disappointment, or worse— cheating? A．There is an obvious downside to mystery boxes. B．They also allow people to try things that they otherwise wouldn’t. C．Retailers often lose money when selling mystery boxes to clear stock. D．It allows them to sell unwanted stock for a profit. E．Customers usually get a list of contents before buying mystery boxes. F．The key thing is that customers don’t know what’s in the box before they buy. How to Reduce Screen Time and Focus on Studying In today’s digital age, where screens dominate both education and entertainment, managing screen time has become an essential skill for students. While we can’t avoid using devices completely, learning to manage our screen time can lead to better focus, improved health, and greater academic achievements. A good way to start is by using the screen time tracker already on your phone or computer. 1 It can encourage you to transition to offline activities once your time is up. To further minimize distractions, keeping your phone away when you’re studying also helps. Try making your desk or bedroom a phone-free area. Studies show that just seeing your phone can make it harder to concentrate, so putting it in another room while you study is a smart move. For those needing extra motivation, focus apps offer a creative solution. These tools, like Forest, gamify the process of staying offline. For example, you grow a virtual tree that stays alive only if you don’t use your phone. You can also try studying in short blocks, like 25 minutes at a time with 5-minute breaks in between. 2 It is called the Pomodoro Technique, a structured method for developing deep work habits, managing energy, and defeating digital distractions. 3 Writing by hand has been shown to help you remember things better than typing. Additionally, you might also want to set aside time each day to study without any screens at all. Even one hour can make a difference. Remember, the goal isn’t to stop using technology completely. 4 By trying these simple ideas, you can take back your time, focus better on your work, and feel more in control of your day. A．Setting daily limits for distracting apps creates a clear boundary. B．It also helps you become more aware of where your time is going. C．Turning off messages during this session can further reduce temptation. D．It’s about finding a good balance so that screens don’t control your life. E．Beyond digital tools, embracing physical study materials provides substantial benefits. F．This method helps your brain stay fresh and makes it easier to remember what you’re learning. Airchat—Is this the next big thing, or is it all just talk? Imagine a social media app where text takes a back seat and voice takes center stage! That’s the experience Airchat promises. And this new take on social media is shaking things up in the tech world. Airchat is an audio-focused social media platform. 1 The app then transcribes these messages into text so that they can be both heard and read. It’s a mix between a podcast and an X (formerly Twitter) feed. Many think that Airchat’s decision to abandon the text-first messaging model feels fresh. Hearing the natural tone of someone’s voice when they post feels more personal. 2 What’s more, the app offers an auto play feature, allowing you to listen when you’re out and about. Right now, Airchat is an invite-only app. On a practical level, this makes the app easier to manage because the user base is limited. But it’s also a marketing technique that fuels interest by making a product feel special. Some tech writers have noted similarities between Clubhouse, an app popular in 2020, and Airchat. Both apps are audio-focused, started as invite-only and are mostly popular in the tech community. But there’s a key difference. Clubhouse was about live chat rooms and discussions, like a collection of online conferences. 3 There’s no time-sensitive pressure to catch a conversation from the beginning. 4 Before it adds new features, some writers say that Airchat needs to improve its content moderation system. The developers expect users to check the content themselves and remove offending posts using in-app tools. In extreme cases, Airchat employees may remove a user from the platform. But this system may not be sufficient to keep a large user base under control. So, will Airchat blow up or quietly disappear? That remains to be seen, but one thing’s for sure: It’s an exciting new voice in the world of online communication. A．It could also reduce misunderstandings since you can hear the emotion in people’s voices. B．As a result, a lot of Air chat users think it offensive when they are using Air chat. C．Instead of typing posts, users hold the record button on the app and record voice messages. D．In the future, we may see additional features that make Airchat stand out even more. E．Airchat users can post a message and the receiver can respond when it’s convenient. F．Airchat can be used not only for online meetings but also for offline conferences. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 六选四15篇 (上海专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 社会问题与社会现象,科普知识 2 适中 其他著名人物,人与动植物 3 适中 社会问题与社会现象,科普知识 4 适中 食物与饮料 ,健康饮食 5 适中 社会问题与社会现象,信息技术 6 适中 环境保护,环境污染 7 适中 音乐与舞蹈,社会问题与社会现象 8 较难 社会问题与社会现象 9 适中 社会问题与社会现象 10 适中 社会问题与社会现象,健康饮食 11 较难 组织与机构,社会问题与社会现象 12 较难 社会问题与社会现象 13 适中 购物选择,社会问题与社会现象 14 适中 方法/策略,学习 15 适中 发明与创造 ,信息技术 【高考典例】 Too Big, Too Expensive and Too Silly — Why Video Game Movies Fail Film adaptations of video games have fallen on the unsuspecting viewing public like a Drop Bear.At first they look harmless enough, but they often leave viewers bruised and regretful. These movies are plentiful. 1 Yet despite big budgets and quality talent both in front of and behind the camera, most video game movies are commercial and critical failures. 2 The answer comes down to a complex mix of conflicting audience demands and commercial realities. Video game movies often assume that the audience wants, or is interested in, the game’s legend and background. In fairness, this is out of fear that fans will? Criticise legend changes, alienating a key demographic. But games reveal legend progressively over tens of hours of gameplay, whereas movies have a small portion of that time. This tension risks creating boring exposition and complex story lines. For example, Warcraft details the origins of conflict between humans and orcs (兽), the central conflict in the game’s world. 3 Additionally, excessive adherence to the source material extends to using silly plot devices without spending enough time establishing proper reasons for their existence. In games, these can work due to the “unspoken but commonly understood logic of ‘this is a video game’”. In a game, people accept inconsistent narrative devices because they facilitate interesting interaction and are the quickest route towards allowing gamers to, say, shoot hell-monsters on Mars. The game series became increasingly complex , as the player-controlled protagonist (主角) parkoured his way through time periods like Renaissance Italy and Revolutionary America. The incredibility of the narrative world paled beside the fun of vaulting from rooftop to rooftop in15th-century Florence. 4 The plot — an original story which retains the key elements of the games — was criticized as “scattered and fractured”, “ hastily explained” and “ disorienting”. Vanity Fair pointed out that. It’s not clear why any of this is happening“ and RogerEbert.com summed it up as：Characters[talking] in quiet whispers about the complex methods they use to realize their poorly-hidden agendas. A．So why do these movies fail? B．The film, in contrast, failed to bring its audience along for the ride. C．Game adaptations” issues seem not to be due to a lack of resources. D．But the return on investment is not encouraging, with a number failing to recoup costs. E．The potential to appeal to a devoted fan base makes these movies an attractive prospect. F．However, a common criticism was that it was full of boring exposition and mostly uninteresting characters. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．F 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者分析了由电子游戏改编的电影失败的原因。 1．根据前句“These movies are plentiful.(这些电影很多)”可知，本句承接前文改编自电子游戏的电影的话题，介绍这种电影的优势，故E选项“吸引忠实影迷的潜力使这些电影成为一个有吸引力的前景”符合语境。故选E。 2．根据后句“The answer comes down to a complex mix of conflicting audience demands and commercial realities.(答案归结为冲突的观众需求和商业现实的复杂组合)”可知，和后文构成问答关系，分析这些电影会失败的原因，A选项“为什么这些电影会失败呢”符合语境。故选A。 3．根据前句“For example, Warcraft details the origins of conflict between humans and orcs, the central conflict in the game’s world.(例如，《魔兽争霸》详细描述了人类和兽人之间冲突的起源，游戏世界中的核心冲突)”以及下一段“Additionally, excessive adherence to the source material extends to using silly plot devices without spending enough time establishing proper reasons for their existence.(此外，过度依赖原始材料会导致使用愚蠢的情节装置，而没有花足够的时间为它们的存在建立合理的理由)”可知，本句和前文构成转折关系，和后句一起分析这类电影的缺点，故F选项“然而，一个常见的批评是，它充满了无聊的论述和大多无趣的人物”符合语境。故选F。 4．根据上一段最后一句“The incredibility of the narrative world paled beside the fun of vaulting from rooftop to rooftop in15th-century Florence.(叙事世界的不可思议与15世纪佛罗伦萨从屋顶跳到屋顶的乐趣相比相形见绌)”以及后句“The plot — an original story which retains the key elements of the games — was criticized as “scattered and fractured”, “ hastily explained” and “ disorienting”. (原著保留了游戏的关键元素，但被批评为“支离破碎”、“解释草率”和“迷失方向”)”可知，本句和前文构成对比，后句解释这部电影没能吸引观众的原因，B选项“相比之下，这部电影没能吸引观众”符合语境，故选B。 When Leakey and Jane begin a study of wild chimpanzees on the shore of Lake Tanganyika, British authorities resist the idea of a young woman living among wild animals in Africa.They finally agree to Leakey’s proposal when Jane’s mother Vanne volunteers to accompany her daughter for the first three months. On July 14, 1960, Jane and Vanne arrive on the shores of Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve in western Tanzania. 1 The animals fled from Jane in fear. With patience and determination she searched the forest every day, deliberately trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too soon. Gradually the chimpanzees accepted her presence. Jane observes meat-eating for the first time October 30, 1961. Later, she sees the chimpanzees hunt for meat. 2 On November 4, 1961, Jane observes David Greybeard and Goliath making tools to extract termites (白蚁) from their mounds. They would select a thin branch from a tree, strip the leaves and push the branch into the termite mound. After a few seconds they would pull out the termite-covered stick and pick off the tasty termites with their lips. This becomes one of Jane’s most important discoveries. 3 On hearing of Jane’s observation, Leakey famously says: “Now we must redefine tool, redefine man, or accept chimpanzees as humans.” Jane’s work in Gombe becomes more widely known and in 1962 she is accepted at Cambridge University as a PhD candidate, one of very few people to be admitted without a university degree. 4 “It would have been more scientific to give them numbers”, they say. Jane has to defend an idea that might now seem obvious: that chimpanzees have emotions, minds and personalities. Jane in Africa National Geographic decides to sponsor Jane’s work and sends photographer and filmmaker Hugo van Lawick to document Jane’s life in Gombe. In August 1963, Jane publishes her first article in National Geographic, “My Life Among Wild Chimpanzees.” A．But studying the chimpanzees of Gombe was not easy. B．Until that time, only humans were thought to create tools. C．These observations disprove the widely held belief that chimpanzees are vegetarian. D．So she learns to be a secretary and works for a time at Oxford University typing documents. E．However, Jane loves the toy and names the chimpanzee Jubilee, carrying it with her everywhere. F．Some scholars and scientists give Jane a cold reception and criticise her for giving the chimpanzees names. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．F 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了Jane在坦桑尼亚西部贡贝溪黑猩猩保护区的研究和发现。 1．根据上一段中“On July 14, 1960, Jane and Vanne arrive on the shores of Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve in western Tanzania.(1960年7月14日，Jane和Vanne来到了坦桑尼亚西部贡贝溪黑猩猩保护区的海岸)”可知，Jane克服困难，最终到达了黑猩猩保护区，准备开始从事野生黑猩猩的研究工作，结合下文“The animals fled from Jane in fear. With patience and determination, she searched the forest every day, deliberately trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too soon.(黑猩猩们惊恐地逃离简。带着耐心和决心，她每天都在森林里搜寻，尽量不过早地靠近黑猩猩)”可知，研究工作进展并不顺利，黑猩猩们有意躲避Jane，上下文之间有转折关系，A选项“But studying the chimpanzees of Gombe was not easy.(但是研究贡贝的黑猩猩并不容易)”承上启下，引出下文Jane在研究工作中遇到的问题，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。 2．根据上文“Jane observes meat-eating for the first time October 30, 1961. Later, she sees the chimpanzees hunt for meat.(1961年10月30日，Jane第一次观察到黑猩猩吃肉。后来，她看到黑猩猩在捕猎。)”可知，Jane观察到黑猩猩吃肉和捕猎，C选项“These observations disprove the widely held belief that chimpanzees are vegetarian.(这些观察结果推翻了人们普遍认为黑猩猩是素食主义者的观点)”承接上文，说明这些观察带来的影响，句中“These observations”指代上文中Jane观察到的现象，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。 3．根据上一段中的“On November 4,1961, Jane observes David Greybeard and Goliath making tools to extract termites (白蚁) from their mounds. They would select a thin branch from a tree, strip the leaves and push the branch into the termite mound. After a few seconds they would pull out the termite-covered stick and pick off the tasty termites with their lips.(1961年11月4日，Jane观察到David Greybeard和Goliath制作工具，从它们的土墩中取出白蚁。它们会从树上挑一根细树枝，剥掉叶子，把树枝推到白蚁丘里。几秒钟后，它们就会拔出覆盖着白蚁的棍子，用嘴唇啄下美味的白蚁。)”以及空前的“This becomes one of Jane’s most important discoveries.(这成为简最重要的发现之一)”可知，此处讲述了Jane发现黑猩猩会使用工具，B选项“Until that time, only humans were thought to create tools.(在那之前，人们认为只有人类才能创造工具)”承接上文，说明这一发现的意义：颠覆了只有人类才能创造工具的认知，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。 4．根据上文的“Jane’s work in Gombe becomes more widely known and in 1962 she is accepted at Cambridge University as a PhD candidate, one of very few people to be admitted without a university degree.(Jane在贡贝的工作变得更加广为人知，1962年，她被剑桥大学录取为博士候选人，是少数几位没有大学学位却被录取的人之一。)”可知，Jane被剑桥大学录取为博士候选人，是少数几位没有大学学位却被录取的人之一，结合下文““It would have been more scientific to give them numbers”, they say. (他们说：“给它们数字编号会更科学。”)”可知，有人对Jane的做法提出异议，由此可推断，此空应与下文的内容相关，F项“Some scholars and scientists give Jane a cold reception and criticise her for giving the chimpanzees names.(一些学者和科学家对Jane态度冷淡，批评她给黑猩猩取名字)”中Jane给黑猩猩取名字的批评，同时下文中人称代词“they”指代该选项中“Some scholars and scientists”符合语境。故选F项。 “Our research has shown that the No.1 reason people become fans is that it’s your connection to your first community,” said Adam Earnhardt, chairman of the communications department at Youngstown State University and co-author of Sports Fans, Identity and Socialization: Exploring the Fandemonium. “I don’t care if a Seattle fan moves to China, he or she carries with them their love for the sports teams,” he said. “ 1 ” 2 And when a team begins to catch fire, as with, say, the Mariners in’ 95 or the Seahawks of recent vintage, well, it’s east to get swept up in the wave. “It’s phenomenal,” said Simons. “We have this ability to understand other people so remarkably that their victories literally become ours. Our testosterone literally responds to their victory. 3 They’re us, and competing on a literal level as us — a little extension of us.” Professor Robert Cialdini at Arizona State University came up with the term BIRG — Basking In Reflected Glory — to describe the intense pride fans feel when their teams succeed. It can be used as a verb, as in, “Seahawks’ fans are currently BIRGing up a storm.” The counterpoint, as coined by researchers C． R. Snyder, MaryAnne Lassergard and Carol E. Ford, is the concept of CORFing — Cutting Off Reflected Failure. 4 We’ve all heard it in action: We won, but they lost.   This leads into another concept, that of cognitive bias, also known as confirmation bias, which causes fans to help explain away defeats by blaming outside factors, such as referees. I’m sure it would also help explain why Seahawks fans rallied around Richard Sherman after his postgame interview, rationalizing behavior that was widely criticized by many fans with no vested interest. It could also explain the notion, of “eustress,” invented by endocrinologist Hans Selye to refer to a combination of euphoria and stress, such as that resulting from watching tense sporting events. Indeed, it’s much of the appeal. A．It means that different team is accessible to you. B．Belonging to your favorite team stimulates your confidence. C．That identity is first and foremost. D．The more we follow a team, the deeper the bond becomes. E．In that sense, your favorite team can serve the same purpose as church and family: Fostering a sense of belonging. F．This refers to the inclination by fans to distance themselves from their team after a defeat. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．D 4．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了球迷的一些行为和心态。 1．根据上文““I don’t care if a Seattle fan moves to China, he or she carries with them their love for the sports teams,” he said.(他说：“我不在乎一个西雅图球迷是否移居中国，只要他或她都带着他们对球队的热爱。”)”可知，上文引用了Adam Earnhardt的话，提到了他不在乎西雅图球迷是否移居中国，可知本句应当是继续说明他在乎的东西：身份。故C选项“这个身份是首要的”符合语境，故选C。 2．根据下文“And when a team begins to catch fire, as with, say, the Mariners in’ 95 or the Seahawks of recent vintage, well, it’s east to get swept up in the wave.(当一支球队开始火起来的时候，比如95年的水手队或者最近的海鹰队，大家就很容易被认同感裹挟着前进)”可知，后文提到了大家被认同感裹挟着前进，可推知本句与优秀的队伍带给人们的认同感有关，故E选项“从这个意义上说，你最喜欢的团队可以和教会和家庭起到同样的作用：培养一种归属感”符合语境，故选E。 3．根据上文“Our testosterone literally responds to their victory.(我们的睾丸激素会对他们的胜利做出反应)”以及下文“They’re us, and competing on a literal level as us — a little extension of us.(他们就是我们，就像是我们的延伸)”可知，上文提到我们会对球队的胜利有反应，后文则提到队员是我们的延伸，说明球队和我们之间存在某种联系，故D选项“我们越是跟随一个团队，我们之间的联系就越紧密”符合语境，故选D。 4．根据上文“The counterpoint, as coined by researchers C. R. Snyder, MaryAnne Lassergard and Carol E. Ford, is the concept of CORFing — Cutting Off Reflected Failure.(研究人员C.R.Snyder、MaryAnne Lassergard和Carol E.Ford提出了一个相反的观点，即CORFing切断反射性失败的概念)”可知，上文提到了一个概念，可推知本句承接上文进一步解释说明这一概念的意义，F选项中This指代上文CORFing。故F选项“这指的是球迷在球队失利后倾向于远离自己的球队”符合语境，故选F。 【热点话题练习】 Butter is Back After decades as a dietary pariah (被遗弃者) , it’s a star ingredient in everything from brown butter pasta to butter cake, and you may have noticed the growing variety at the supermarket. Americans eat an average of 6. 5 pounds per year, up 18 percent over the past decade, according to the International Dairy Foods Association. Why the butter renaissance? For one thing, America’s obsession with fat-free foods has been eclipsed by a growing appetite for minimally processed ingredients. 1 When you want steak browned to perfection, you baste (浇油脂) it in butter. Hollandaise sauce and flaky croissants could not exist without it. And few food combinations are tastier than a salted dollop on crusty bread. Of course, butter is creamy because it’s full of fat, most of which is the saturated kind that’s been linked to a higher risk of heart disease. A study found that people who ate the most butter had a 15 percent higher risk of early death from any cause, while those who consumed the most plant-based oil — such as olive, canola, and soybean oils — had a 16 percent lower risk. 2 “Butter is not a health food we should be seeking out, but not a poison we should be avoiding, either,” says cardiologist Dariush Mozaffarian. It’s all about balance: When your diet doesn’t include much food high in saturated fat, such as red meat and whole-milk dairy products, “eating butter in moderation is fine,” he says. 3 But they’re not necessarily better for you than regular butter and usually can’t match its flavor or effect when cooking or baking. Margarine is typically made from a blend of vegetable oils like soybean or sunflower, but some may contain palm oil, which is high in saturated fat. “Light” butter may blend real butter with canola oil for reduced fat and calories. Whipped butter also has less fat and fewer calories because it has more air. 4 Buttery sprays are low in calories and fat, give grilled food, vegetables, and popcorn quick flavor, and can be used to grease pans. However, these spritzes tend to contain high amounts of artificial ingredients. A．That doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy butter, though. B．For the sake of health, we should try to resist its temptation. C．Both can serve as perfect substitutes for butter. D．For another, nothing flavors all kinds of food like butter can. E．Neither works well for baking, but they can satisfy a bread-and-butter craving. F．If you want to cut back on butter or prefer plant-based foods, there are some alternatives. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．F 4．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黄油在经历了数十年的饮食“被遗弃者”身份后重新流行起来的现象，分析了其复兴的原因，同时探讨了黄油的健康风险，并介绍了黄油的多种替代品及其特点。 1．根据上文“Why the butter renaissance? For one thing, America’s obsession with fat-free foods has been eclipsed by a growing appetite for minimally processed ingredients. (为什么黄油会复兴？首先，美国人对低脂肪食品的痴迷已经被对低加工成分日益增长的需求所掩盖。)”可知空格处需承接上文，继续说明黄油复兴的另一个原因。D 项“For another, nothing flavors all kinds of food like butter can. (另一方面，没有什么能像黄油那样给各种食物调味。)”中“For another”与上文的“For one thing”构成固定搭配 ，且后文列举了黄油在烹饪和食用中的多种用途，与D项中“给各种食物调味” 的内容相呼应。故选D。 2．上文“Of course, butter is creamy because it’s full of fat, most of which is the saturated kind that’s been linked to a higher risk of heart disease. (当然，黄油是奶油状的，因为它富含脂肪，其中大部分是饱和脂肪，而饱和脂肪会增加患心脏病的风险。)”提到黄油富含饱和脂肪，与更高的心脏病风险和早逝风险相关，下文““Butter is not a health food we should be seeking out, but not a poison we should be avoiding, either,” says cardiologist Dariush Mozaffarian. (心脏病专家Dariush Mozaffarian说：“黄油不是我们应该寻求的健康食品，但也不是我们应该避免的毒药。”)”说明空格处需起到转折作用，连接“黄油有健康风险”和“可以适量食用黄油”这两个内容。A项“That doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy butter, though. (不过，这并不意味着你不能享用黄油。)”中的“though”表示转折，既承接了上文的健康风险，又引出了下文“可以适量食用”的观点，符合语境。故选A。 3．下文提到“But they’re not necessarily better for you than regular butter and usually can’t match its flavor or effect when cooking or baking. (但它们不一定比普通黄油更健康，而且在烹饪或烘焙时，味道和效果通常也比不上普通黄油。)”其中“they”指代空格处提到的事物，结合后文出现的“Margarine”“Light butter”“Whipped butter”等可知，这些都是黄油的替代品。F 项“If you want to cut back on butter or prefer plant-based foods, there are some alternatives. (如果你想减少黄油的摄入量，或者更喜欢植物性食物，有一些替代品。)”中“alternatives”与下文的“they”相呼应，且引出了下文对各种替代品的介绍，符合语境。故选F。 4．上文“Margarine is typically made from a blend of vegetable oils like soybean or sunflower, but some may contain palm oil, which is high in saturated fat. “Light” butter may blend real butter with canola oil for reduced fat and calories. Whipped butter also has less fat and fewer calories because it has more air. (人造黄油通常是由豆油或葵花籽油等植物油混合制成的，但有些可能含有棕榈油，棕榈油富含饱和脂肪。“轻质”黄油可以将真正的黄油与菜籽油混合，以减少脂肪和卡路里。搅打黄油含有更少的脂肪和更少的卡路里，因为它含有更多的空气。)”介绍了“轻质黄油”和“搅打黄油”的特点，即脂肪和热量更低，下文“Buttery sprays are low in calories and fat, give grilled food, vegetables, and popcorn quick flavor, and can be used to grease pans. (黄油喷雾的热量和脂肪都很低，可以给烤肉、蔬菜和爆米花快速调味，还可以用来给平底锅上油。)”介绍了“黄油喷雾”的相关信息。E 项“Neither works well for baking, but they can satisfy a bread-and-butter craving. (这两种都不适合烘焙，但可以满足人们对黄油面包的渴望。)”中“Neither”指代上文的“轻质黄油”和“搅打黄油”，既对上文两种黄油替代品的使用场景进行了补充说明，又自然地过渡到下文对另一种替代品“黄油喷雾”的介绍，符合语境。故选E。 Twilight of the Brands It’s a truism of business-book thinking that a company’s brand is its “most important asset,” more valuable than technology or patents or manufacturing prowess. But brands have never been more fragile. The reason is simple: consumers are supremely well informed and far more likely to investigate the real value of products than to rely on logos. Absolute Value, a new book by Itamar Simonson and Emanuel Rosen shows that, historically, the rise of brands was a response to an information-poor environment. 1 If a car was made by G. M., or a ketchup by Heinz, you assumed that it was pretty good. It was hard to figure out if a new product from an unfamiliar company was reliable or not, so brand loyalty was a way of reducing risk. Today, consumers can read much research about whatever they want to buy. This started back with Consumer Reports, which did objective studies of products. 2 It has given ordinary consumers easy access to expert reviews, user reviews, and detailed product data, in an array of categories. A recent study found that eighty per cent of consumers look at online reviews before making major purchases, and a host of studies have logged the strong influence those reviews have on the decisions people make. 3 An undesirable product can become a laughingstock (笑柄) in a matter of hours. In the old days, you might buy a Sony television set because you’d owned one before, or because you trusted the brand. Today, such considerations matter much less than reviews on Amazon and Engadget and CNET. As Simonson said, “each product now has to prove itself on its own.” It’s been argued that in a world where consumers are overwhelmed with information, the information will actually make brands more valuable. Indeed, the role a brand plays in people’s lives has become all the more important. But information overload is largely a myth. 4 And this has made customer loyalty pretty much a thing of the past. Only twenty-five per cent of American respondents in a recent study said that brand loyalty affected how they shopped. A．But what’s really weakened the power of brands is the Internet. B．For consumers this is ideal: heightened competition has raised quality and held down prices. C．When consumers had to rely on advertisements and their past experience with a company, brands served as a guarantee for quality. D．A large quantity of consumers fail to get a great deal of information efficiently and effectively. E．The rise of social media has sped up the trend to an astonishing degree. F．Most consumers figure out how to find what they’re looking for without spending huge amounts of time online. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．E 4．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对品牌忠诚度进行了研究，发现由于互联网，品牌忠诚度已成为过去。 1．上文“Absolute Value, a new book by Itamar Simonson and Emanuel Rosen shows that, historically, the rise of brands was a response to an information-poor environment (Itamar Simonson和Emanuel Rosen合著的新书《绝对价值》表明，从历史上看，品牌的崛起是对信息匮乏环境的回应)”说明过去信息不足时消费者依赖品牌，下文“If a car was made by G. M., or a ketchup by Heinz, you assumed that it was pretty good. (通用的汽车、亨氏的番茄酱会被认为质量不错)”体现品牌是质量的保障。C选项“当消费者不得不依赖广告和他们过去对一家公司的经验时，品牌就成了质量的保证”衔接了上文的信息匮乏背景与下文的品牌作用，符合语境。故选C。 2．上文“Today, consumers can read much research about whatever they want to buy. (如今，消费者可以查阅很多关于他们想买的东西的研究报告)”说明信息获取方式改变，后文“It has given ordinary consumers easy access to expert reviews, user reviews, and detailed product data, in an array of categories. (它使普通消费者可以方便地访问一系列类别的专家评论、用户评论和详细的产品数据)”提到消费者能访问的各种数据。A选项“但真正削弱品牌影响力的是互联网”既承接了上文的信息获取变化，又引出了下文互联网的具体作用，符合语境。故选A。 3．上文“A recent study found that eighty per cent of consumers look at online reviews before making major purchases, and a host of studies have logged the strong influence those reviews have on the decisions people make. (最近的一项研究发现，80%的消费者在购买大宗商品之前会查看在线评论，大量研究记录了这些评论对人们做出决定的强烈影响)”说明消费者依赖网络评价，下文“An undesirable product can become a laughingstock (笑柄) in a matter of hours. (不受欢迎的产品几小时内会成笑柄)”体现信息传播的速度快。E选项“社交媒体的兴起将这一趋势加速到了惊人的程度”衔接了上文的评价影响与下文的快速传播，符合语境。故选E。 4．上文“But information overload is largely a myth. (信息过载很大程度上是个误区)”说明消费者并未被信息淹没，后文“And this has made customer loyalty pretty much a thing of the past. (这让品牌忠诚度几乎成为过去式)”指出品牌忠诚度不再那么重要了。F选项“大多数消费者都知道如何在不花费大量时间上网的情况下找到他们想要的东西”解释了信息过载是误区的原因，也引出了后文品牌忠诚度弱化的结果，符合语境。故选F。 Nuclear Waste As people recognize the dangers of fossil fuel plants, especially the risk of global warming from carbon dioxide production — nuclear power begins to look more attractive. But what about the waste — all that highly radioactive debris (残骸) that will endure for thousands of years? Nuclear waste is one of the biggest technical issues that any future president is likely to face. 1 Plutonium (钚) has a half-life of 24, 000 years. Even after 100, 000 years, the radiation will still be above 10% of the level it had when it left the reactor. 2 How can we possibly prove that this material can be kept safe for 100000 years? Still the US government persists in pursuing “safe” nuclear waste disposal (处理) . It has created nuclear waste facilities buried deep within Yucca Mountain, Nevada. To keep the waste safe, the storage rooms are 1, 000 feet below the surface. 3 It needs at least 2 square miles. The cost of the facility is expected to reach $100 billion, with hundreds of billions of dollars more in operating costs. To make matters worse, earthquakes happen often in the Yucca Mountain region. More than 600 earthquakes of magnitude of 2.5 and higher have occurred within 50 miles in the last decade alone. Although that was millions of years ago, how sure can we be that the waste facility won’t be torn apart by another eruption? 4 Why not just send the waste into the sun? Well, maybe that’s not such a good idea, since on launch some rockets do crash back down to the earth. Some scientists have proposed that the waste be put in ships and sunk under the oceans. Yet just the fact that scientists make such suggestions seems to emphasize how severe the problem really is. A．Many alternatives have been suggested to the nuclear waste storage. B．What if it leaks into the ground and reaches human water supplies? C．Why do many people worry about the risk of global warming? D．To store even part of the present nuclear waste requires a vast area. E．The problem of nuclear waste seems totally hard to deal with. F．To dispose it into the less populated regions sounds quite practical. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出化石燃料电站的危害让核能逐渐受到青睐，但核废料问题成为核能发展的一大技术难题，核废料具有极强放射性且半衰期极长，美国在内华达州尤卡山建设的核废料处理设施存在诸多隐患，科学家也提出了一些替代处理方案，凸显了核废料问题的严峻性。 1．上文“Nuclear waste is one of the biggest technical issues that any future president is likely to face. (核废料是未来任何一位总统都可能面临的最大技术难题之一)”点明了核废料问题的严重性，下文“Plutonium (钚) has a half-life of 24, 000 years. Even after 100, 000 years, the radiation will still be above 10% of the level it had when it left the reactor. (钚的半衰期为24000年。即使过了10万年，其辐射强度仍将超过离开反应堆时的10%)”用具体数据说明了核废料放射性持久的特点。E项“核废料问题似乎完全难以解决”承上启下，“the problem of nuclear waste”指代上文的技术难题，同时引出下文核废料放射性持久的具体特征，体现问题的棘手性，逻辑连贯。故选E。 2．上文“Even after 100, 000 years, the radiation will still be above 10% of the level it had when it left the reactor. (即使过了10万年，其辐射强度仍将超过离开反应堆时的10%)”强调了核废料放射性持续时间极长，下文“How can we possibly prove that this material can be kept safe for 100000 years? (我们怎么可能证明这种物质能安全保存10万年呢？)”提出了关于核废料安全保存的质疑。B项“如果它泄漏到地下并进入人类的水源会怎样？”承接上文核废料的放射性危害，通过提出具体的泄漏隐患，强化了下文对安全保存的质疑，符合段落逻辑。故选B。 3．上文“To keep the waste safe, the storage rooms are 1, 000 feet below the surface. (为了确保废料安全，储存室建在地下1000英尺处)”介绍了核废料储存设施的深度，下文“It needs at least 2 square miles. (它至少需要2平方英里的面积)”指出了该设施所需的占地面积。D项“即使只储存现有核废料的一部分，也需要广阔的区域”承上启下，“requires a vast area”衔接下文的“2 square miles”，同时补充说明核废料储存不仅对深度有要求，对面积也有较高要求，贴合语境。故选D。 4．下文“Why not just send the waste into the sun? (为什么不直接把废料送到太阳上去呢)”和“Some scientists have proposed that the waste be put in ships and sunk under the oceans. (一些科学家提议将废料装船沉入海底)”列举了科学家提出的几种核废料处理的替代方案。A项“人们已经提出了许多核废料储存的替代方案”作为该段主旨句，“many alternatives”直接呼应下文的送太阳、沉海底等方案，精准概括段落核心内容，符合主旨要求。故选A。 Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. Poland has its polkas. Hungary has its czardas. Brazil is famous for the bossa nova, Caribbean countries for the merengue, and Argentina for the tango. The U.S. is known for jazz, a completely original type of music that has gained worldwide popularity. 1 In contrast to classical music, which follows formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy, expressing the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. Brash, uninhibited, and exciting, it has a modern sound. In the 1920s, jazz sounded like America. And so it does today. The origins of this music are as interesting as the music itself. Jazz was invented by American Negroes, or Blacks as they are called today, who were brought to the Southern states as slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long hours in the cotton and tobacco fields. 2 When a Black person died, their friends and relatives formed a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. A band often accompanied the procession. On the way to the cemetery, the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. But on the way home, the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Everybody was happy. Death had removed one of their number, but the living were glad to be alive. The band played happy music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes presented at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. 3 Music has always been important in Black life. Coming mainly from West Africa, the people who were brought to America already possessed a rich musical tradition. This music centered on religious ceremonies in which dancing, singing, clapping, and stamping to the beat of a drum were important forms of musical and rhythmic expression. 4 In the fields, they made up work songs. Singing made the hard work go faster. And as the people were converted to Christianity, they composed lovely spirituals, which have become a permanent part of American music. A．Jazz played a mood-changing role in colonial black people’s life. B．Jazz is America’s contribution to popular music. C．This work was hard, and life was short. D．It was an early form of jazz. E．Black people merrily practised dance during the procession accompanied by a band. F．As these people settled into their new life in the plantations of the South, music retained its importance. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍美国爵士乐的特点、起源及发展，展现其独特的文化内涵与历史渊源。 1．根据前一段的“The U.S. is known for jazz, a completely original type of music that has gained worldwide popularity. (美国以爵士乐闻名，这是一种极具原创性的音乐形式，已风靡全球。)”以及空后“In contrast to classical music, which follows formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free-form. (与遵循严谨欧洲传统的古典音乐不同，爵士乐随性且自由。)”可知，此空应承接前文，点明爵士乐的地位，B选项“Jazz is America’s contribution to popular music. (爵士乐是美国对流行音乐的一大贡献。)”承接前文对爵士乐的介绍，且引出后文对其特点的描述，符合语境。故选B项。 2．根据空前“They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long hours in the cotton and tobacco fields. (他们被卖给种植园主，被迫在棉花地和烟草地里长时间劳作。)”以及空后“When a Black person died, their friends and relatives formed a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. (当黑人离世，亲友们会组成送葬队伍，将遗体送往墓地。)”可知，此空应衔接前后文，说明黑奴生活的艰难，C选项“This work was hard, and life was short. (这种劳作十分繁重，且生命短暂。)”中的this work指代前文的长时间田间劳作，且引出后文黑人的丧葬相关内容，符合语境。故选C项。 3．根据空前“The band played happy music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes presented at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. (乐队演奏着欢快的乐曲，即兴改编葬礼上的和声与旋律。这种音乐让所有人都想随之起舞。)”可知，此空应点明这种音乐与爵士乐的关联，D选项“It was an early form of jazz. (这便是爵士乐的早期形式。)”中的it指代前文送葬归途上的欢快即兴音乐，符合语境。故选D项。 4．根据空前“Coming mainly from West Africa, the people who were brought to America already possessed a rich musical tradition. This music centered on religious ceremonies in which dancing, singing, clapping, and stamping to the beat of a drum were important forms of musical and rhythmic expression. (这些被带到美国的人大多来自西非，本身就拥有丰富的音乐传统。他们的音乐以宗教仪式为核心，舞蹈、歌唱、拍手和踏足应和鼓点，都是重要的音乐与节奏表达形式。)”以及空后“In the fields, they made up work songs. (在田间地头，他们创编了劳动号子。)”可知，此空应说明黑奴在美洲定居后音乐依然占据重要地位，F选项“As these people settled into their new life in the plantations of the South, music retained its importance. (随着这些人在南方种植园开始新生活，音乐依旧保有其重要地位。)”中的these people指代前文的西非黑奴，且衔接后文劳动号子的内容，符合语境。故选F项。 Human beings are social creatures. We build bonds, cultivate friendships, and nurture family ties in hopes of finding love, support, and understanding. Ideally, these relationships become safe havens where we can share our deepest thoughts, worries, and vulnerabilities without fear of judgment. 1 Why is this the case? Why would we share our fears with a therapist, a fellow traveler on a train, or even an anonymous voice on the internet rather than with our spouse, sibling, or best friend? The answer lies in the intricate interplay between psychology, social expectations, and human emotion. There’s something you’ve been dying to get off your chest but you don’t want to live in the reality of a world where this secret is not. If you share it with a stranger, you release the tension and still keep your personal world away from it. 2 You’ll literally tell them anything in the world. This uncertainty between us ushers in a certain ease; the judgement of strangers matters little because it’s unlikely one will cross paths with them again. The absence of attachment we feel towards a stranger during our interactions, coupled with the fact that there are hardly any repercussions (恶果), lead to a sense of relative safety, encouraging emotional expression and disclosure. 3 Our interactions with strangers lack the baggage of these dynamics. When talking to strangers, however, one can share highly personal information without damaging their reputation within one’s social circle. The spouse is a friend, often a co-parent, also a lover, and hopefully, an advocate of our work. Our parents have your entire life’s history in their head and friends are familiar with which the person what we should to be. When we need comfort, we’re unsure which of their roles these people might play- and wary that it might be a role that gives us something other than the unconditional support we’re looking for in the moment. So, we confide in someone else altogether. Conversations with strangers, on the contrary, can thus allow us to reexamine our lives through a new lens. Strangers offer the unique advantage of providing fresh perspectives and objective viewpoints, offering unbiased advice and impartial opinions. 4 That is one of the reasons that we can find solace in the validation and support offered by strangers, which they were otherwise denied by the people in their lives. Moreover, we don’t necessarily have to worry about bookending everything we say with social niceties. This also increases the appeal of the advice we might receive from strangers in return: they can be blunt in their takes because they too don’t have to worry about the way we might feel about their responses. A．Yet, paradoxically, many of us discover that it is sometimes easier to confide in a stranger than in someone close to us. B．Sometimes we choose not to open our hearts to family or friends, not because we don’t trust them, but because we fear burdening them or altering the relationship. C．They allow us to get out of our heads and break up that negative self-focus, and prevent the train of negative circular thinking. D．Social connections built over time come with assumptions, judgments, and expectations, which can inhibit individuals from fully expressing themselves. E．Perhaps the paradox of intimacy is that the closer we are to someone, the easier it becomes to take them for granted. F．When you know you won’t see the person again, you’re a little too comfortable. 【答案】1．A 2．F 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了一个有趣的心理现象——人们有时更容易向陌生人倾诉内心想法，而非亲近的人，并从心理学、社会期待和人类情感等角度分析了背后的原因。 1．根据上文“Ideally, these relationships become safe havens where we can share our deepest thoughts, worries, and vulnerabilities without fear of judgment.(理想情况下，这些关系会成为安全的港湾，让我们可以毫无顾忌地分享内心深处的想法、忧虑和脆弱)”以及下文“Why is this the case? Why would we share our fears with a therapist, a fellow traveler on a train, or even an anonymous voice on the internet rather than with our spouse, sibling, or best friend?(为什么会这样？为什么我们会向心理咨询师、火车上的同行旅客，甚至是网络上的陌生网友倾诉恐惧，却不愿告诉配偶、兄弟姐妹或最好的朋友)”可知，此空需要起到转折作用，引出“人们更易对陌生人倾诉”这一核心现象。A选项“Yet, paradoxically, many of us discover that it is sometimes easier to confide in a stranger than in someone close to us.(然而，矛盾的是，我们很多人发现，有时候向陌生人倾诉比向亲近的人倾诉更容易)”以“Yet”转折前文对亲密关系的期待，同时精准呼应下文的提问，符合语境。故选A项。 2．根据上文“If you share it with a stranger, you release the tension and still keep your personal world away from it.(如果你把秘密告诉陌生人，既能释放压力，又不会让自己的私人生活受到影响)”以及下文“You’ll literally tell them anything in the world. This uncertainty between us ushers in a certain ease; the judgement of strangers matters little because it’s unlikely one will cross paths with them again.(你几乎会把世界上的所有事都告诉他们。这种彼此间的陌生感带来了一种轻松感；陌生人的评价无关紧要，因为你们很可能不会再见面)”可知，此空需要承接前文，解释向陌生人倾诉时的心理状态。F选项“When you know you won’t see the person again, you’re a little too comfortable.(当你知道不会再见到这个人时，你会感到格外放松)”中的“won’t see the person again”与下文的“unlikely one will cross paths with them again”相呼应，且点明了这种放松感的来源，符合语境。故选F项。 3．根据下文“Our interactions with strangers lack the baggage of these dynamics. When talking to strangers, however, one can share highly personal information without damaging their reputation within one’s social circle.(我们与陌生人的交往则没有这些复杂的羁绊。然而，和陌生人交谈时，人们可以分享高度私密的信息，而不会损害自己在社交圈中的声誉）”可知，此空需要介绍与亲近的人交往时存在的“羁绊”，与下文形成对比。D选项“Social connections built over time come with assumptions, judgments, and expectations, which can inhibit individuals from fully expressing themselves.(长期建立的社会关系会伴随着各种预设、评判和期待，这些都会阻碍人们充分表达自己)”中的“assumptions, judgments, and expectations”正是下文提到的“baggage of these dynamics”，且与陌生人交往的无羁绊状态形成鲜明对比，符合语境。故选D项。 4．根据上文“Strangers offer the unique advantage of providing fresh perspectives and objective viewpoints, offering unbiased advice and impartial opinions.(陌生人有着独特的优势，他们能提供全新的视角和客观的看法，给出不偏不倚的建议和评价)”以及下文“That is one of the reasons that we can find solace in the validation and support offered by strangers, which they were otherwise denied by the people in their lives.(这也是我们能从陌生人的认可和支持中获得慰藉的原因之一，而这些往往是我们无法从身边人那里得到的)”可知，此空需要承接前文，说明陌生人的客观建议能带来的具体积极作用。C选项“They allow us to get out of our heads and break up that negative self-focus, and prevent the train of negative circular thinking.(它们能让我们跳出固有的思维模式，打破消极的自我关注，避免陷入消极的循环思考)”中的“They”指代前文的“fresh perspectives and objective viewpoints”，且阐述了这些观点的积极影响，衔接下文的“find solace”，符合语境。故选C项。 Swimming Is Not Just a Sport. It’s a Survival Tool In December 2024, the World Health Organization released its first-ever report on drowning prevention, noting more than 7.2 million people, many children, could die by drowning by the year 2050 if current trends continue. If we look further, there are shocking divides when it comes to children from underserved communities with 64% of Black children and 45% of Latino children having few to no swimming skills. In many mostly Black communities, swimming is often seen as an unnecessary skill — something reserved for the wealthy, white elite, those who have a pool or live by the ocean. 1 Research indicates that Black children and their parents are three times more fearful of drowning than white children and their parents. This fear is not unfounded. Many of these families, for generations, have been excluded from learning the life-saving skill of swimming due to systemic barriers — whether that’s a lack of access to pools, inadequate swim programs, or simply not knowing where to start. 2 78% of Black children and 62% of Latino children lack adequate swimming skills when their parents have no or low swimming competency. But the thing is: swimming is not just a sport — it’s a survival tool. Swim lessons and water safety education can dramatically change the path of children’s lives. Studies show that formal swim lessons reduce the risk of drowning by 88%. This is why we must invest in community driven efforts to make swimming accessible to all children. 3 Such organizations provide swim scholarships and build partnerships with swim lesson providers to provide low and no-cost swim lesson access to families in need. 4 We need action. Schools, cities, community organizations, and more must prioritize water safety education in diverse neighborhoods. For too long, the lack of swimming ability in underserved communities has been overlooked. We can no longer afford to ignore this issue when children’s lives are at risk. A．This means funding local swim programs and the work of organizations. B．We must break this misconception. C．This ongoing cycle of fear and inadequate training is passed through generations. D．This misunderstanding has potentially put Black children and their parents in danger. E．This fear is infectious, leading to widespread reluctance to invest in swim programs. F．It’s not enough to just talk about the problem. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．F 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章基于世界卫生组织发布的溺水预防报告，指出溺水致死的严峻趋势，聚焦弱势群体儿童游泳技能匮乏的问题，揭示背后的社会偏见与系统性障碍，强调游泳是生存工具，并呼吁各方采取行动普及游泳课程与水上安全教育。 1．上文“In many mostly Black communities, swimming is often seen as an unnecessary skill — something reserved for the wealthy, white elite, those who have a pool or live by the ocean. (在许多以黑人为主的社区里，游泳常被视为一项非必要技能——是那些有泳池或住在海边的富裕白人精英才会接触的活动)”点明了部分群体对游泳的错误认知，即游泳是专属精英的技能、无需学习。这种错误认知是阻碍弱势群体儿童学习游泳的重要因素，而文章核心观点是强调游泳是生存工具，需让所有儿童都能学习，因此首先要打破这种错误观念。B项“我们必须打破这种错误观念”，承上启下，“this misconception”精准指代上文将游泳视为精英专属技能的错误认知，明确提出解决问题的首要步骤，同时为下文讲述该错误认知引发的恐惧、技能缺失等问题及后续解决措施做铺垫，逻辑连贯。故选B。 2．上文“Research indicates that Black children and their parents are three times more fearful of drowning than white children and their parents... due to systemic barriers — whether that’s a lack of access to pools, inadequate swim programs, or simply not knowing where to start. (研究表明，黑人儿童及其父母对溺水的恐惧程度是白人儿童及其父母的三倍……这种恐惧的产生源于系统性障碍——无论是缺乏泳池使用权、游泳课程不足，还是根本不知道如何开始学习游泳)”阐述了黑人家庭对溺水的恐惧及背后的客观障碍。下文“78% of Black children and 62% of Latino children lack adequate swimming skills when their parents have no or low swimming competency. (当父母完全不会游泳或游泳能力低下时，78%的黑人儿童和62%的拉丁裔儿童也缺乏足够的游泳技能)”体现出父母的游泳能力与孩子的游泳技能之间的关联。C项“这种恐惧与技能培训不足的恶性循环在代际间传递”，承接上文的恐惧与障碍，引出下文的代际影响，“ongoing cycle”精准概括“父母因恐惧和障碍不会游泳→孩子也缺乏游泳技能”的传递过程，符合段落逻辑。故选C。 3．上文“This is why we must invest in community driven efforts to make swimming accessible to all children. (这就是为什么我们必须投入资源，推动社区主导的行动，让所有儿童都能有机会学习游泳)”提出要通过社区行动普及游泳技能的观点。下文“Such organizations provide swim scholarships and build partnerships with swim lesson providers to provide low and no-cost swim lesson access to families in need. (这类组织会提供游泳奖学金，并与游泳课程提供商合作，为有需要的家庭提供低价或免费的游泳课程)”具体介绍了相关组织的行动举措。A项“这意味着要为当地的游泳项目和相关组织的工作提供资金支持”，承上启下，“funding local swim programs and the work of organizations”呼应上文的“invest in community driven efforts”，同时“organizations”直接衔接下文的内容，贴合语境。故选A。 4．下文“We need action. Schools, cities, community organizations, and more must prioritize water safety education in diverse neighborhoods. (我们需要采取行动。学校、城市、社区组织等都必须在各类社区中将水上安全教育列为优先事项)”强调要从言论转向实际行动。F项“仅仅谈论这个问题是远远不够的”，起到过渡作用，通过“not enough to just talk”引出下文的“need action”。故选F。 Plant-based diets have become increasingly popular, driven by concerns for health, animal welfare, and the environment. More people are replacing meat with fruits, vegetables, and grains, and this trend shows no sign of slowing down. Nutritional balance is a key focus for those adopting such diets. While plants offer plenty of fiber and vitamins, they often lack certain nutrients. 1 For example, vitamin B12, critical for nerve function, is rarely found in plant foods, so many vegetarians rely on supplements. 2 In some cultures, plant-based eating is deeply rooted in tradition. Take Thailand, where dishes like green curry with tofu and stir-fried morning glory are staples. These meals are not just vegetarian but central to the country’s culinary identity, passed down through generations. Other cultures, however, struggle to embrace meat-free diets. In Argentina, where asado (barbecue) is a cornerstone of social life, replacing beef with plant-based alternatives can feel like a rejection of cultural heritage. 3 Families often gather around grilled meats, and many view vegetarianism as a foreign concept. Technological innovations are making plant-based diets more accessible. Companies now produce plant-based steaks and sausages that closely mimic the taste and texture of meat. 4 From vegan cheese to egg substitutes, these products allow people to enjoy familiar flavors while sticking to their dietary choices. A．It’s not just about the food itself, but also about upholding age-old culinary traditions. B．These cultural connections create hurdles for plant-based diets in such areas. C．They utilize components like mushroom extract and pea protein to replicate the texture. D．Cultural norms significantly influence the acceptance of plant-based diets. E．Hence, meticulous meal planning is crucial to prevent nutrient deficiencies. F．A common concern is that eliminating meat might cause fatigue or weakness. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍植物性饮食的流行趋势，分析其营养注意事项、文化影响因素及相关技术创新。 1．根据空前“While plants offer plenty of fiber and vitamins, they often lack certain nutrients. (虽然植物含有丰富的膳食纤维和维生素，但往往缺乏某些特定营养素。)”以及空后“For example, vitamin B12, critical for nerve function, is rarely found in plant foods, so many vegetarians rely on supplements. (例如，对神经功能至关重要的维生素B12在植物性食物中很少见，因此许多素食者会依赖营养补剂。)”可知，此空应承接前文，指出应对植物性饮食营养不足的办法，E选项“Hence, meticulous meal planning is crucial to prevent nutrient deficiencies. (因此，精心规划饮食对于预防营养缺乏至关重要。)”中的hence体现因果逻辑，且引出后文的具体例子，符合语境。故选E项。 2．分析语篇可知，此空应为本段的主题句，总领后文内容。根据空后“In some cultures, plant-based eating is deeply rooted in tradition. Take Thailand, where dishes like green curry with tofu and stir-fried morning glory are staples. These meals are not just vegetarian but central to the country’s culinary identity, passed down through generations. (在一些文化中，植物性饮食有着深厚的传统根基。以泰国为例，豆腐绿咖喱和清炒空心菜这类菜肴是当地的主食。这些素食餐点不仅是素食选择，更是代代相传的国家饮食文化核心。)”以及下一段首句“Other cultures, however, struggle to embrace meat-free diets. (然而，其他文化却难以接受无肉饮食。)”可知，本段围绕文化对植物性饮食接受度的影响展开，D选项“Cultural norms significantly influence the acceptance of plant-based diets. (文化习俗对植物性饮食的接受度有着显著影响。)”能准确概括本段主题，符合语境。故选D项。 3．根据空前“In Argentina, where asado (barbecue) is a cornerstone of social life, replacing beef with plant-based alternatives can feel like a rejection of cultural heritage. (在阿根廷，烤肉是社交生活的基石，用植物性替代品取代牛肉会让人觉得是对文化遗产的否定。)”以及空后“Families often gather around grilled meats, and many view vegetarianism as a foreign concept. (家庭聚会常围绕烤肉展开，许多人将素食主义视为外来理念。)”可知，此空应说明文化因素给植物性饮食在当地推行带来的阻碍，B选项“These cultural connections create hurdles for plant-based diets in such areas. (这些文化关联给此类地区的植物性饮食推行制造了障碍。)”中的these cultural connections指代前文阿根廷烤肉的文化意义，且衔接后文内容，符合语境。故选B项。 4．根据空前“Companies now produce plant-based steaks and sausages that closely mimic the taste and texture of meat. (如今企业生产的植物基牛排和香肠能高度模仿肉类的味道和口感。)”以及空后“From vegan cheese to egg substitutes, these products allow people to enjoy familiar flavors while sticking to their dietary choices. (从素食奶酪到鸡蛋替代品，这些产品让人们在坚持饮食选择的同时，还能享用熟悉的味道。)”可知，此空应说明植物基肉制品模仿肉类口感的具体方式，C选项“They utilize components like mushroom extract and pea protein to replicate the texture. (它们利用蘑菇提取物和豌豆蛋白等成分来复刻肉类的口感。)”中的they指代前文的plant-based steaks and sausages，且承接前文内容，符合语境。故选C项。 The Joy of Small Museums Of the 2, 500 museums estimated to exist around the UK, the great national institutions take all the air, with their popular shows and rows over funding, return of seized treasures and — in the case of the British Museum — reported thefts. 1 From their earliest days, critics have challenged their tendency to collect and display the remains of empires. The writer G. K. Chesterton once remarked that the Museum is not meant either for the wanderer to see by accident, but rather for the mere slave of a routine of self-education to stuff himself with every sort of intellectual food in one indigestible meal. But there are hundreds of smaller museums, often founded by enthusiasts, that make an incalculable contribution to cultural life. For those financed through local authorities, the past decade and a half has been harsh, with spending on England’s museums and galleries falling by more than a third. 2 The Musical Museum is a case in point. It was founded in an abandoned church by Frank Holland to house his growing collection of instruments, and he sold his home to support it. It has since moved to a new building, from where it streams concerts on the Mighty Wurlitzer. 3 Volunteers rolled up their sleeves and responded by launching a 60th-anniversary appeal, which is on the point of reaching its target. 4 They embody many different enthusiasms, from pens (Birmingham) to dog collars (Kent). Such institutions are labours of love. They are also statements of what individuals or communities want to save of, and for, themselves  — and the work they will put into preserving it. They are the stories of what we have been and who we are. A．But as Mr Holland’s fund ran dry, the museum had to lay off staff and cut opening hours. B．Yet collecting is a basic human instinct, and the will to share collections is strong. C．Have you heard about the museum of clocks that may have to be closed unless the founder can find someone to keep it running when he retires? D．Doubts about the size and purpose of such vast institutions are nothing new. E．But if proof of living value were needed, one of their members provided it two years ago. F．This is a story that will ring bells with many small museums. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了英国一些由爱好者或地方政府创办的小型博物馆面临的困境以及这些小型机构的意义。 1．前文“Of the 2, 500 museums estimated to exist around the UK, the great national institutions take all the air, with their popular shows and rows over funding, return of seized treasures and — in the case of the British Museum — reported thefts.(据估计，英国境内共有2500家博物馆，其中，大型国家级博物馆占据了所有版面，它们举办的热门展览以及围绕资金、归还被扣押的珍宝（以及大英博物馆报道的盗窃案）的争论都备受关注。)”提到英国大型国家级博物馆备受关注，并列举其争议（资金、文物归还、盗窃案），后文“From their earliest days, critics have challenged their tendency to collect and display the remains of empires.(从它们成立之初，批评者就对其收集和展示帝国遗迹的倾向提出了质疑。)”提到批评者对大型国家博物馆的质疑。空格处需衔接“大型博物馆的争议”与“批评者的质疑历史”，D项“对这类庞大机构的规模和目的的怀疑并非新鲜事)”承上启下，符合逻辑。故选D。 2．前文“For those financed through local authorities, the past decade and a half has been harsh, with spending on England’s museums and galleries falling by more than a third.(对于那些由地方政府资助的博物馆来说，过去的15年是艰难的，英格兰博物馆和画廊的支出下降了三分之一以上)”提到由地方政府资助的博物馆举步维艰，后文“ The Musical Museum is a case in point. It was founded in an abandoned church by Frank Holland to house his growing collection of instruments, and he sold his home to support it. (它是由弗兰克·霍兰德在一个废弃的教堂里建立的，用来存放他越来越多的乐器收藏，他卖掉了自己的房子来支持它。)”空格前讲小型博物馆的普遍困境，空格后是具体案例，空格处需承上启下，从 “普遍困境” 过渡到 “具体例子”，且可能隐含 “这类困境在小型博物馆中很常见” 的含义。F项“这类困境在小型博物馆中很常见”符合语境。故选F。 3．前文“It was founded in an abandoned church by Frank Holland to house his growing collection of instruments, and he sold his home to support it. It has since moved to a new building, from where it streams concerts on the Mighty Wurlitzer.(它是由弗兰克·霍兰德在一个废弃的教堂里建立的，用来存放他越来越多的乐器收藏，他卖掉了自己的房子来支持它。此后，它搬到了一座新楼，在那里通过Mighty Wurlitzer播放音乐会)”描述了音乐博物馆创始人卖掉房子维持运转，后文“Volunteers rolled up their sleeves and responded by launching a 60th-anniversary appeal, which is on the point of reaching its target.(志愿者们挽起袖子，发起了60周年纪念呼吁，即将达到目标)”提到志愿者的加入，由此推知音乐博物馆面临严重的经济困难，A项“但随着霍兰德的资金枯竭，博物馆不得不裁员并缩短开放时间”符合语境，故选A。 4．后文“They embody many different enthusiasms, from pens (Birmingham) to dog collars (Kent).(它们体现了许多不同的热情，从钢笔（伯明翰）到狗项圈（肯特）)”提到两个博物馆的两个展品，B项“然而，收藏是人类的一种基本本能，他们分享收藏品的意愿很强烈”符合语境，与上文“小型地方博物馆面临困境”形成语义上的转折，B项中“collections”是下文“They”的指代对象，且呼应“from pens (Birmingham) to dog collars (Kent)”，故选B。 African Union urges adoption of world map showing continent’s true size The African Union has supported a campaign to stop using the Mercator world map. The “Correct The Map” initiative urges governments and international organizations to use maps that show the true size of Africa. 1 It makes areas near the poles, such as North America and Europe, appear larger, while reducing lands near the equator like Africa. And it creates a false idea of Africa as less important, even though it is the world’s second-largest continent in both area and population.This incorrect view helps continue stereotypes (刻板印象) that affect international media, education, and policy. Although criticism of the Mercator map is not new, the campaign has brought back the debate. 2 This correction is vital because, as Moky Makura of Africa No Filter explains, Africa has long been presented in a misleading way on world maps. Nevertheless, the Mercator map remains widely used in schools and across the tech industry. This widespread use is obvious in its status as the standard map for countless educational resources. 3 4 Seeing Africa shown smaller on world maps hurts people’s pride and harms children’s self-image. “We are working to make the Equal Earth projection the main map used in classrooms across Africa,” said Fara Ndiaye, co-founder of Speak Up Africa. In support of this educational effort, the African Union will encourage wider use of correct maps among its member states. A．The Mercator map, a 16th-century navigation tool, misrepresents the world’s continents. B．Besides, the Mercator maps can greatly influence people’s sense of cultural identity. C．Similarly, it still serves as the main world map on many digital platforms and mobile apps. D．However, changing classroom materials alone won’t fully address public misconceptions. E．It encourages the use of the 2018 Equal Earth projection to show countries’ sizes correctly F．Experts argue modern mapping tools have made traditional world projections less important. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍非盟呼吁采用能展现非洲真实面积的地图，反对误导性的墨卡托地图，以纠正认知偏见。 1．根据空后句子“It makes areas near the poles, such as North America and Europe, appear larger, while reducing lands near the equator like Africa. (它使两极附近的区域，如北美和欧洲，看起来更大，同时缩小了赤道附近的陆地，比如非洲)”可知，此空应介绍墨卡托地图存在面积失真的问题。A选项“The Mercator map, a 16th-century navigation tool, misrepresents the world’s continents (墨卡托地图是16世纪的一种导航工具，它歪曲了世界各大洲的面积)”直接点明墨卡托地图的缺陷，且与后文内容紧密衔接，符合语境。故选A项。 2．根据空前“Although criticism of the Mercator map is not new, the campaign has brought back the debate. (尽管对墨卡托地图的批评并不是新鲜事，但这项运动重新引发了争论)”以及空后“This correction is vital because, as Moky Makura of Africa No Filter explains, Africa has long been presented in a misleading way on world maps. (这种修正至关重要，因为正如“非洲无滤镜”组织的莫基·马库拉所解释的那样，非洲在世界地图上长期以来一直以一种误导性的方式呈现)”可知，此空应说明该运动提出的修正方案。E选项“It encourages the use of the 2018 Equal Earth projection to show countries’ sizes correctly (该运动鼓励使用2018年的等地球投影法来正确显示各国的面积)”中的it指代前文的“the campaign”，且“correctly”与后文的“correction”相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。 3．根据空前“This widespread use is obvious in its status as the standard map for countless educational resources. (它作为无数教育资源的标准地图，其广泛使用程度显而易见)”可知，此空应进一步说明墨卡托地图的广泛应用场景。C选项“Similarly, it still serves as the main world map on many digital platforms and mobile apps. (同样，它仍然是许多数字平台和移动应用程序上的主要世界地图)”中的“similarly”承接前文，且“many digital platforms and mobile apps”是对墨卡托地图应用范围的补充，符合语境。故选C项。 4．根据空后句子“Seeing Africa shown smaller on world maps hurts people’s pride and harms children’s self-image. (看到非洲在世界地图上被画得更小，会伤害人们的自尊心，损害儿童的自我形象)”可知，此空应引出墨卡托地图对人们认知和心理层面的影响。B选项“Besides, the Mercator maps can greatly influence people’s sense of cultural identity (此外，墨卡托地图还会极大地影响人们的文化认同感)”中的“besides”表示递进关系，且“cultural identity”与后文的“pride”以及“self-image”相契合，符合语境。故选B项。 Mystery Boxes Most of us know what it’s like to get presents from friends. Whether it’s for a birthday or other celebration, it’s hard to beat the excitement of opening a carefully wrapped box to find something that’s both unexpected and suits you perfectly. Now, imagine if you could get the same feeling when you go shopping for yourself. That’s the feeling that mystery boxes hope to reproduce. Mystery boxes are not a new idea— they were a feature of department stores in Japan in the early 20th century. They contain a range of different products, which are sold at a lower price than their combined value. 1 All kinds of mystery boxes are available: fashion boxes, food boxes, beauty boxes, even lucky boxes, which are virtual items for video games. The pleasant surprise is not the only attraction of mystery boxes. 2 Seasonal vegetable subscription boxes might lead people to learn to cook new meals. They can also potentially offer great savings— as the recommended consumer price of the contents is often far higher than the purchase price. For sellers and suppliers, the benefits are clear: 3 British fashion mystery box businessman Mario Maher highlights how mystery boxes can help reduce the amount of waste in the fashion industry. People might discover product ranges that would otherwise be thrown away. 4 When you buy them, you don’t know what you’ll get. It may be that the goods inside are not to your taste, but there is also the potential for cheaters to employ the unpredictability of mystery boxes to send items that have a much lower value than the price of the box. So, are mystery boxes a fun way of reducing waste and making shopping more exciting, or more an opportunity for disappointment, or worse— cheating? A．There is an obvious downside to mystery boxes. B．They also allow people to try things that they otherwise wouldn’t. C．Retailers often lose money when selling mystery boxes to clear stock. D．It allows them to sell unwanted stock for a profit. E．Customers usually get a list of contents before buying mystery boxes. F．The key thing is that customers don’t know what’s in the box before they buy. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了盲盒源于20世纪初日本百货店，以低价售卖未知商品为特点，品类多样，能带来惊喜、助尝试新事物且帮卖家清库存，但也存在不合心意及欺诈风险。 1．前文“They contain a range of different products, which are sold at a lower price than their combined value.( 它们包含一系列不同的产品，这些产品的售价低于它们的总价值。)”提到盲盒里装有多种商品，售价低于商品总价，这是盲盒的核心特点之一。F选项“The key thing is that customers don’t know what’s in the box before they buy.( 关键在于消费者购买前并不知道盒子里装的是什么。)”既承接了前文对盲盒的定义，也呼应了首段“unexpected”（意想不到的）这一核心特质，逻辑连贯。故选F项。 2．前文“The pleasant surprise is not the only attraction of mystery boxes.( 惊喜并不是盲盒唯一吸引人的地方。)”指出“惊喜并非盲盒的唯一吸引力”，空格处需要补充盲盒的另一优势。B选项“They also allow people to try things that they otherwise wouldn’t. (它们还能让人们尝试原本不会去接触的东西。)”与后文“Seasonal vegetable subscription boxes might lead people to learn to cook new meals.( 时令蔬菜订阅盒可能会促使人们学习烹饪新菜式。)”的例子完美对应，构成“总述 + 例证”的结构。故选B项。 3．前文“For sellers and suppliers, the benefits are clear:( 对于卖家和供应商来说，好处是显而易见的：)”提到“对于卖家和供应商来说，好处显而易见”，空格处需说明具体益处。D选项“It allows them to sell unwanted stock for a profit.( 这能让他们把滞销库存卖出获利。)”符合此推断，同时与后文“British fashion mystery box businessman Mario Maher highlights how mystery boxes can help reduce the amount of waste in the fashion industry.( 英国时尚盲盒商人马里奥·马赫强调了盲盒如何有助于减少时尚行业的浪费。)”提到的“盲盒有助于减少时尚行业的浪费”相契合，解释了卖家通过盲盒处理库存的盈利逻辑。故选D项。 4．后文“When you buy them, you don’t know what you’ll get. It may be that the goods inside are not to your taste, but there is also the potential for cheaters to employ the unpredictability of mystery boxes to send items that have a much lower value than the price of the box.( 当你买它们的时候，你不知道你会得到什么。这可能是因为里面的商品不合你的口味，但也有可能是骗子利用盲盒的不可预测性来发送价值远低于盒子价格的物品。)”提到盲盒的弊端 —— 购买前未知，可能买到不合心意的商品，甚至遭遇商家欺诈。A 选项“There is an obvious downside to mystery boxes.( 盲盒显然存在不足之处。)”作为该段的总起句，自然引出下文对盲盒缺点的阐述。故选A项。 How to Reduce Screen Time and Focus on Studying In today’s digital age, where screens dominate both education and entertainment, managing screen time has become an essential skill for students. While we can’t avoid using devices completely, learning to manage our screen time can lead to better focus, improved health, and greater academic achievements. A good way to start is by using the screen time tracker already on your phone or computer. 1 It can encourage you to transition to offline activities once your time is up. To further minimize distractions, keeping your phone away when you’re studying also helps. Try making your desk or bedroom a phone-free area. Studies show that just seeing your phone can make it harder to concentrate, so putting it in another room while you study is a smart move. For those needing extra motivation, focus apps offer a creative solution. These tools, like Forest, gamify the process of staying offline. For example, you grow a virtual tree that stays alive only if you don’t use your phone. You can also try studying in short blocks, like 25 minutes at a time with 5-minute breaks in between. 2 It is called the Pomodoro Technique, a structured method for developing deep work habits, managing energy, and defeating digital distractions. 3 Writing by hand has been shown to help you remember things better than typing. Additionally, you might also want to set aside time each day to study without any screens at all. Even one hour can make a difference. Remember, the goal isn’t to stop using technology completely. 4 By trying these simple ideas, you can take back your time, focus better on your work, and feel more in control of your day. A．Setting daily limits for distracting apps creates a clear boundary. B．It also helps you become more aware of where your time is going. C．Turning off messages during this session can further reduce temptation. D．It’s about finding a good balance so that screens don’t control your life. E．Beyond digital tools, embracing physical study materials provides substantial benefits. F．This method helps your brain stay fresh and makes it easier to remember what you’re learning. 【答案】1．B 2．F 3．E 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“如何减少屏幕时间、专注学习”这一主题，介绍了使用屏幕时间追踪器、远离手机、借助专注类应用、运用番茄工作法、使用纸质学习材料等实用方法，旨在帮助学生平衡电子产品使用与学习，提升专注力和学习效率。 1．根据前文“A good way to start is by using the screen time tracker already on your phone or computer.(一个好的开始方法是使用手机或电脑上已有的屏幕时间追踪器)”可知，空格处需要承接这一内容，说明使用该工具的作用。B选项“It also helps you become more aware of where your time is going.(它还能帮助你更加清楚自己的时间都花在了哪里)” 符合语境。故选B项。 2．根据前文“You can also try studying in short blocks, like 25 minutes at a time with 5-minute breaks in between.(你也可以尝试短时段学习，比如每次学25分钟，中间休息5分钟)”可知，选项应承接上文说明这种方法的作用。F选项“This method helps your brain stay fresh and makes it easier to remember what you’re learning.(这种方法能让你的大脑保持清醒，也能让你更容易记住所学内容)”中的This method指代前文的短时段学习法，既承接了上文，又为下文介绍番茄工作法的优势做了铺垫，符合语境。故选F项。 3．根据后文“Writing by hand has been shown to help you remember things better than typing. Additionally, you might also want to set aside time each day to study without any screens at all.(事实证明，手写比打字更能帮助你记住内容。此外，你或许还可以每天留出一段时间，完全不使用任何屏幕来学习)”可知，本段介绍的是脱离电子设备、使用纸质材料学习的好处。E选项“Beyond digital tools, embracing physical study materials provides substantial benefits.(除了数字工具之外，使用实体学习材料也能带来诸多好处)”能够总领全段，引出下文的具体内容，符合语境。故选E项。 4．根据前文“Remember, the goal isn’t to stop using technology completely.(要记住，我们的目标并不是完全停止使用科技)”可知，空格处需要承接这一观点，说明真正的目标是什么。D选项“It’s about finding a good balance so that screens don’t control your life. (而是找到一个恰当的平衡点，让屏幕不会掌控你的生活)”与前文形成转折，点明了减少屏幕时间的核心目的，且与后文“By trying these simple ideas, you can take back your time, focus better on your work, and feel more in control of your day.(通过尝试这些简单的方法，你可以重新掌控自己的时间，更专注于学习，并感觉更好地控制你的一天)”相呼应，符合语境。故选D项。 Airchat—Is this the next big thing, or is it all just talk? Imagine a social media app where text takes a back seat and voice takes center stage! That’s the experience Airchat promises. And this new take on social media is shaking things up in the tech world. Airchat is an audio-focused social media platform. 1 The app then transcribes these messages into text so that they can be both heard and read. It’s a mix between a podcast and an X (formerly Twitter) feed. Many think that Airchat’s decision to abandon the text-first messaging model feels fresh. Hearing the natural tone of someone’s voice when they post feels more personal. 2 What’s more, the app offers an auto play feature, allowing you to listen when you’re out and about. Right now, Airchat is an invite-only app. On a practical level, this makes the app easier to manage because the user base is limited. But it’s also a marketing technique that fuels interest by making a product feel special. Some tech writers have noted similarities between Clubhouse, an app popular in 2020, and Airchat. Both apps are audio-focused, started as invite-only and are mostly popular in the tech community. But there’s a key difference. Clubhouse was about live chat rooms and discussions, like a collection of online conferences. 3 There’s no time-sensitive pressure to catch a conversation from the beginning. 4 Before it adds new features, some writers say that Airchat needs to improve its content moderation system. The developers expect users to check the content themselves and remove offending posts using in-app tools. In extreme cases, Airchat employees may remove a user from the platform. But this system may not be sufficient to keep a large user base under control. So, will Airchat blow up or quietly disappear? That remains to be seen, but one thing’s for sure: It’s an exciting new voice in the world of online communication. A．It could also reduce misunderstandings since you can hear the emotion in people’s voices. B．As a result, a lot of Air chat users think it offensive when they are using Air chat. C．Instead of typing posts, users hold the record button on the app and record voice messages. D．In the future, we may see additional features that make Airchat stand out even more. E．Airchat users can post a message and the receiver can respond when it’s convenient. F．Airchat can be used not only for online meetings but also for offline conferences. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．E 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍音频社交平台 Airchat。该平台以语音为主，辅以文字，提供更个性化的社交体验。与 Clubhouse 不同，Airchat 允许用户异步交流。文章探讨了其邀请制、内容审核等特点，并对其未来发展表示观望。 1．上文“Airchat is an audio - focused social media platform.(Airchat是一款以音频为主的社交媒体平台。)”介绍了Airchat的性质，下文“The app then transcribes these messages into text so that they can be both heard and read.(然后，该应用程序将这些信息转录成文本，以便既可以听到也可以阅读。)”说明该应用程序有将信息转录成文本的功能，C选项“Instead of typing posts, users hold the record button on the app and record voice messages.(用户无需输入帖子，只需按住应用程序上的录音按钮并录制语音信息。)”承接上文，进一步说明了用户在这个以音频为主的平台上如何操作，即录制语音信息，且该信息会被转录成文本，符合语境。故选C。 2．上文“Many think that Airchat’s decision to abandon the text - first messaging model feels fresh. Hearing the natural tone of someone’s voice when they post feels more personal.(许多人认为，Airchat放弃以文本为先的消息模式让人耳目一新。当人们发布信息时，听到他们自然的声音会让人感觉更亲切。)”说明了Airchat放弃以文本为先的消息模式的好处，即让人感觉更亲切，A选项“It could also reduce misunderstandings since you can hear the emotion in people’s voices.(它还可以减少误解，因为你可以从人们的声音中听出情绪。)”进一步说明了这种模式的另一个好处，即减少误解，与上文逻辑紧密，符合题意。故选A。 3．上文“Clubhouse was about live chat rooms and discussions, like a collection of online conferences.(Clubhouse主要是关于实时聊天室和讨论，就像一系列在线会议。)”介绍了Clubhouse的特点，下文“There’s no time - sensitive pressure to catch a conversation from the beginning.(没有从一开始就赶上对话的时间压力。)”说明了Airchat没有时间压力的特点，E选项“Airchat users can post a message and the receiver can respond when it’s convenient.(Airchat用户可以发布消息，接收者可以在方便的时候回复。)”承接上文，将Clubhouse和Airchat进行对比，说明了Airchat用户发布消息和接收者回复的灵活性，符合语境。故选E。 4．下文“Before it adds new features, some writers say that Airchat needs to improve its content moderation system.(在添加新功能之前，一些作家表示，Airchat需要改进其内容审核系统。)”说明了Airchat在添加新功能之前需要改进的地方，D选项“In the future, we may see additional features that make Airchat stand out even more.(未来，我们可能会看到更多让Airchat更加突出的功能。)”引出了下文关于Airchat未来可能添加新功能的话题，符合题意。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $