2026届高考英语二轮语法复习-名词专题复习检测

2026高考英语二轮名词专题复习 一、专题核心考点梳理（3分钟速记） 1. 核心变形 ◆ 可数名词特殊复数： 单复数同形（sheep, species, means）、不规则变形（phenomenon→phenomena, criterion→criteria, bacterium→bacteria）、复合名词复数（woman doctor→women doctors, passer-by→passers-by）。 ◆ 词形转换规则： 动词/形容词变名词的后缀规律（-ance/-ence：accept→acceptance；-cy：accurate→accuracy；-tion/sion：persuade→persuasion；-ment：develop→development；-th：long→length）。 2. 高频用法考点 ◆ 不可数名词量化： 抽象名词（information, evidence, furniture）需用“单位词+of”表达（a piece of advice, two bags of luggage）；物质名词（bread, water）的可数化（a coffee, two teas）。 ◆ 名词所有格： ’s所有格（Tom and Mary’s room表共有，Tom’s and Mary’s rooms表各自拥有）、of所有格（the door of the house）、双重所有格（a friend of my father’s）。 ◆ 主谓一致： 集体名词（family, committee, police）表整体用单数、表成员用复数；分数/百分数+名词（the majority of students）作主语时，谓语随名词单复数变化。 3. 易错点避坑 ◆ 易误判可数的不可数名词：scenery, progress, homework, news, equipment（无复数形式）。 ◆ 固定搭配中的名词形式：take measures, make contributions, draw a conclusion, pay attention to（需用名词复数/原形）。 ◆ 形近义异名词辨析：affect（v.）/effect（n.）、custom（习俗）/habit（习惯）、career（职业）/job（工作）。 二、题型专项练习 （一）易拼错单词专练（每空1分，共15分） 按要求写出所给词的正确形式或考纲易拼错名词的对应形式。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. accept → ________ (n.) 2. accurate → ________ (n.) 3. argue → ________ (n.) 4. behave → ________ (n.) 5. survive → ________ (n.) 6. true → ________ (n.) 7. vary → ________ (n.) 8. warm → ________ (n.) 9. wise → ________ (n.) 10. (使)分开，分离 v. → ________ 11. 影响；结果；效果 n. → ________ 12. 长度 n. → ________ 13. 高度 n. → ________ 14. 深度 n. → ________ 15. 宽度 n. → ________ （二）单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. （改编自2024·新高考I卷）To solve these environmental problems, the government has put forward a series of ______ instead of temporary ______. A. criterion; measure B. criteria; measures C. criterions; measure D. criterion; measures 2. （改编自2023·全国乙卷）More and more ______ have been collected to prove the ancient ______ in this area, which attracts many archaeologists. A. evidence; phenomenon B. evidences; phenomena C. evidence; phenomena D. evidences; phenomenon 3. （改编自2025·1月浙江首考）The ______ of this research are published in two scientific ______, which are well-received by experts. A. findings; journals B. finding; journal C. findings; journal D. finding; journals 4. After the earthquake, the local government provided the victims with plenty of ______, including tents and ______. A. furniture; cloth B. furnitures; clothes C. furniture; clothes D. furnitures; cloth 5. （改编自2023·全国甲卷）The ______ of the committee ______ divided on whether to carry out the new plan at the meeting last week. A. majority; was B. majority; were C. majorities; was D. majorities; were （三）单句词形转换（每空1分，共20分） 根据括号内所给词的适当形式填空，注意考纲名词的易错变形与词形转换规则。 1. Make progress day by day, and one day you’ll be surprised to find you can speak English with great ________ (fluent). 2. Now this historic moment holds the promise of a new dawn of ________ (free) and opportunities. 3. She received very little career ________ (guide) when young. 4. China’s Great Wall, measuring over 20,000 kilometres in ________ (long), is regarded as one of the eight wonders in the world. 5. The ________ (lose) of the old family photo album left her with a hollow feeling. 6. The ________ (major) of family gatherings happened in summer when the garden was in full bloom. 7. It was a ________ (mix) of anxiety and excitement on my first day of senior high school. 8. You will be asked to fill in a form with details of your birth and ________ (occupy). 9. Rain in the desert is a rare ______ (occur), making it a special event when it happens. 10. The workshop encouraged every __________ (participate) to share their ideas and experiences. 11. I never dare do anything without his ________ (permit). 12. After much ________ (persuade), she finally agreed to join us on the trip. 13. Her novels have gained in ________ (popular) over recent years. 14. Generally speaking, women have a __________ (prefer) for shopping while men enjoy sports. 15. You will not be able to speak fluent English unless more attention is paid to your ____________ (pronounce). 16. Grandpa’s __________ (propose) to rebuild the old barn into a playhouse was met with cheers. 17. At last, her father’s work has received popular __________ (recognize). 18. The best way of finding a lawyer is through personal __________ (recommend). 19. We all breathed a sigh of __________ (relieve) when he left. 20. The ________ (rich) of ancient Greek culture can be seen in their art and philosophy. （四）语篇填空（每空1分，共15分） 根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的适当形式或考纲易错名词的正确形式填空。 With the development of science and technology, great changes have taken place in people’s daily lives. Many new 1______ (device) have been invented to improve our quality of life. For example, smart phones have become necessary 2______ (tool) for most people, which provide us with various 3______ (service) like online shopping and distance learning. In the field of education, more 4______ (resource) are available online, allowing students to access different kinds of 5______ (inform) beyond textbooks. Meanwhile, educational 6______ (reform) have been carried out to cultivate students’ practical 7______ (able) and creative thinking. The 8______ (significant) of these reforms has been widely recognized by educators. However, we should also realize that some negative 9______ (phenomenon) have appeared with the popularization of the Internet. It is our duty to resist false 10______ (datum) and protect our personal 11______ (property). The 12______ (survive) of traditional culture in the digital age has also become a hot topic. Scientists have collected enough 13______ (evident) to prove that technological development and cultural protection can coexist. Their 14______ (find) have offered new 15______ (criterion) for balancing the two aspects. （五）单句改错（每题2分，共20分） 找出下列句子中的一处错误并改正，重点关注考纲易错名词的变形、数与搭配。 1.  A great number of bacterium have been killed by the new medicine developed by the research team. ______________________________________________________________________________ 2.  She has bought two new luggage for her trip abroad, which are light and easy to carry. ______________________________________________________________________________ 3.  The scenery in this mountainous area are so beautiful that it attracts thousands of tourists every year. ______________________________________________________________________________ 4.  All the student in our class have made great progresses in English with the help of our teacher. ______________________________________________________________________________ 5.  This is a book of my brother-in-law, which is about the history of ancient civilizations. ______________________________________________________________________________ 4.  The local government has taken effective step to prevent the spread of the disease in the region. ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. The police has arrested three thieves who stole some valuable painting from the gallery. ______________________________________________________________________________ 5.  A large amount of people attended the lecture given by the famous professor last Friday. ______________________________________________________________________________ 6.  The phenomenon of food waste have drawn widespread attention from the whole society. ______________________________________________________________________________ 10. He has made a lot of money by selling fake product, which is against the law and morality. ______________________________________________________________________________ 答案与解析 （一）易拼错单词专练 1. acceptance 2. accuracy 3. argument 4. behaviour/behavior 5. survival 2. truth 7. variety 8. warmth 9. wisdom 10. separate 3. effect 12. length 13. height 14. depth 15. width （二）单项选择 1. B 解析：criterion的复数为criteria（考纲易错变形）；a series of后接可数名词复数measures。 2. C 解析：evidence为不可数名词，无复数形式；phenomenon的复数为phenomena，由many可知用复数。 3. A 解析：finding表“研究结果”时为可数名词，由are可知用复数；two后接可数名词复数journals。 4. C 解析：furniture为不可数名词；clothes表“衣物”常用复数形式，cloth表“布料”不符合语境。 5. B 解析：the majority of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由last week可知用were。 （三）单句词形转换 1. fluency 2. freedom 3. guidance 4. length 5. loss 2. majority 7. mixture 8. occupation 9. occurrence 10. participant 3. permission 12. persuasion 13. popularity 14. preference 15. pronunciation 4. proposal 17. recognition 18. recommendation 19. relief 20. richness （四）语篇填空 1. devices 2. tools 3. services 4. resources 5. information 2. reforms 7. abilities 8. significance 9. phenomena 10. data 3. property 12. survival 13. evidence 14. findings 15. criteria （五）单句改错 1. bacterium → bacteria（bacterium的复数为bacteria，a great number of后接复数名词） 2. luggage → pieces of luggage（luggage为不可数名词，表数量时用“piece of”，two后用复数形式） 3. are → is（scenery为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式） 4. student → students; progresses → progress（all后接可数名词复数；progress为不可数名词，无复数形式） 5. of → of my brother-in-law’s（采用双重所有格结构，表“我姐夫的一本书”） 6. step → steps（take steps to do sth.为固定搭配，表“采取措施做某事”） 7. has → have; painting → paintings（police为集体名词，表复数意义；some后接可数名词复数） 8. amount → number（a large number of修饰可数名词复数，a large amount of修饰不可数名词） 9. have → has（主语为单数the phenomenon，谓语动词用单数形式） 10. product → products（fake products表“假冒产品”，常用复数形式） $