Unit 1 Past and present 单元话题短文首字母填空10篇-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元语法词汇题型知识点练习（译林版2024）

Unit 1 Past and present 单元话题短文首字母填空练习 单元话题：过去和现在，今昔对比，社会发展 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 聚焦基础，巩固自我 重难语篇提升练 专注提升，挑战自我 ◇考点 01 基础语篇巩固练 Beihai has become one of the fastest growing cities in the world. It lies on the southeast coast of Guangxi Province. As a city with a p 1 of about 1.87 million already, it is still growing because more people are i 2 in starting a new life here. Many years ago, Beihai was just a small fishing village. However, because of its wonderful n 3 views, Beihai became busy and c 4 with many tourists. The beaches and islands were quite amazing, e 5 the Silver Beach. So many people thought these places would be a good c 6 for business. Tourists could also play v 7 there. Then the government made a plan to build a new city. Though they faced many difficulties, they tried really hard to i 8 the situation. Now the whole city is lively and active, with many big companies and several u 9 and the government will d 10 more plans to make Beihai better in the future. 【答案】 1．(p)opulation 2．(i)nterested 3．(n)atural 4．(c)rowded 5．(e)specially 6．(c)hoice 7．(v)olleyball 8．(i)mprove 9．(u)niversities 10．(d)evelop 【导语】本文讲述了北海市的快速发展历程，从一个小渔村变成一个繁忙的旅游城市，并且政府计划继续改善和发展这座城市。 1．句意：作为一个拥有约187万人口的城市，它还在增长，因为越来越多的人有兴趣在这里开始新的生活。根据“...of about 1.87 million already, it is still growing”及首字母可知，此处是介绍城市的人口数量，population“人口”，故填(p)opulation。 2．句意：作为一个拥有约187万人口的城市，它还在增长，因为越来越多的人有兴趣在这里开始新的生活。根据“ it is still growing because more people are... in starting a new life here.”及首字母可知，人口数量在增长，应是因为很多人对在这里生活感兴趣，be interested in“对……感兴趣”，固定短语，故填(i)nterested。 3．句意：然而，由于其美丽的自然景色，北海变得繁忙，挤满了许多游客。根据“because of its wonderful...views”和“with many tourists”及首字母可知，此处指自然美景，natural“大自然的”符合语境，形容词作定语。故填(n)atural。 4．句意：然而，由于其美丽的自然景色，北海变得繁忙，挤满了许多游客。根据“Beihai became busy and ...with many tourists.”可知，应是挤满了游客，become后跟形容词作表语，crowded with“挤满了”，故填(c)rowded。 5．句意：这里的海滩和岛屿非常迷人，尤其是银滩。根据“The beaches and islands were quite amazing, ... the Silver Beach”及首字母可知，此处是强调尤其是银滩很迷人，especially“特别，尤其”符合语境。故填(e)specially。 6．句意：所以很多人认为这些地方是做生意的好选择。根据“thought these places would be a good...for business”及首字母可知，此处指认为这些地方是做生意的好选择，choice“选择”，a后跟单数名词，故填(c)hoice。 7．句意：游客还可以在那里打排球。根据“play”及首字母可知，此处指play volleyball“打排球”。故填(v)olleyball。 8．句意：尽管他们面临许多困难，但他们真的很努力地去改善这种状况。根据“they tried really hard to ...the situation”及首字母可知，应是努力改善这种情况，improve“改善”，to后跟动词原形，构成不定式结构。故填(i)mprove。 9．句意：现在整个城市充满活力，有许多大公司和几所大学，政府将制定更多的计划，使北海在未来变得更好。根据“with many big companies and several...”及首字母可知，应是说几所大学，university“大学”，several后跟名词复数。故填(u)niversities。 10．句意：现在整个城市充满活力，有许多大公司和几所大学，政府将制定更多的计划，使北海在未来变得更好。根据“the government will ...more plans...”及首字母可知，应是制定计划，develop plans“制定计划”，will后跟动词原形。故填(d)evelop。 首字母填空 In the past few years, great changes have taken place around us. The roads used to be n 1 and crowded (拥挤的). The houses were old and small. There was r 2 everywhere. And the air wasn’t f 3 enough. There was a paper factory near our school. They often put the w 4 into the river. Water pollution was also a big problem. Nowadays, our living c 5 have improved a lot. The roads are wide and clean. It’s really easy for people to go out. We can choose different t 6 of transport to go anywhere. The g 7 has also built many tall buildings. Most of us have m 8 into big beautiful houses. The sky is blue and the cloud is white. The birds are singing h 9 . Our hometown looks like a big garden with green trees and colorful flowers. Our country is becoming richer and s 10 . We are living a happy life. 【答案】 1．(n)arrow 2．(r)ubbish 3．(f)resh 4．(w)aste 5．(c)onditions 6．(t)ypes 7．(g)overnment 8．(m)oved 9．(h)appily 10．(s)tronger 【导语】本文从道路、交通、住房等几方面讲述家乡今昔的变化。过去道路狭窄、拥挤，房子又旧又小，到处是垃圾和水污染；现在道路宽阔整洁，人们出行方便，住在新房，蓝天白云，人们过着幸福的生活。 1． 句意：过去道路狭窄拥挤。该句中and连接相同词类的词，crowded为形容词，空格处也应为形容词。又根据首字母提示和“… and crowded. The houses were old and small”可知，此处描述过去道路的状况比较差，应用narrow表示“狭窄的”，符合语境。故填(n)arrow。 2．句意：到处都是垃圾。本段描述过去“肮乱差”的状况，根据首字母提示和“There was…everywhere”可知，此处指“垃圾无处不在”，应用不可数名词“rubbish垃圾”，符合语境。故填(r)ubbish。 3．句意：空气不够清新。根据“There was a paper factory near our school.”及上文提到“到处都是垃圾”的情况可推测，此处指“空气不够清新”。再结合首字母提示及“the air wasn’t … enough.”可知，此处缺形容词，应用“fresh新鲜的”。故填(f)resh。 4．句意：他们经常把废弃物排进河里。根据首字母提示及“put the … into …”可知，此处是指人们经常把“废弃物”排进河里，应用不可数名词“waste废弃物”。故填(w)aste。 5．句意：现在，我们的生活条件有了很大的改善。根据下文“The roads … transport … many tall buildings …”道路、交通、住房方面改善了很多，可推测此处是指“居住环境”得到了改善。结合首字母提示和“… have improved a lot”可知，此处缺名词复数形式，作主语，应用“conditions环境”。故填(c)onditions。 6．句意：我们可以选择不同的交通工具去任何地方。根据上文“It’s really easy for people to go out”人们出行方便可知，此处指“不同类型”的交通工具。结合首字母提示及“different …”可知，此处缺可数名词的复数形式，应用“types类型”。故填(t)ypes。 7．句意：政府还建造了许多高楼大厦。根据首字母提示及“… built many tall buildings”可知，此处指“政府”修建了高楼大厦，应用“government政府”。故填(g)overnment。 8．句意：我们大多数人都搬进了漂亮的大房子。根据“Most of us have … into big beautiful houses.”和首字母提示可知，此处指人们“搬进”新房里。该句为现在完成时，应用动词过去分词形式moved作谓语，“moved into搬进……”，符合语境。故填(m)oved。 9．句意：鸟儿在快乐地歌唱。根据首字母提示及上文“The sky is blue and the cloud is white”可知，此处指鸟儿“欢快地，高兴地”歌唱，应用副词“happily高兴地”。故填(h)appily。 10．句意：我们的国家正变得越来越富裕和强大。该句中and连接相同词类的词，richer为形容词的比较级，空格处也应为形容词比较级。全文描述了家乡的巨大变化，结合首字母提示和语境可知，此处应用形容词的比较级“stronger强大的”。故填(s)tronger。 根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。 In the p 1 few years, great changes have taken place around us. The roads u 2 to be narrow and crowded (拥挤的). The houses were old and small. There was r 3 everywhere. And the air wasn’t f 4 enough. There was a paper factory near our school. They often put the waste into the river. Water p 5 was also a big problem. Nowadays, our living c 6 have improved a lot. The roads are wide and clean. It’s really easy for people to go out. We can c 7 different types of transport to go anywhere. The g 8 has also built many tall buildings. Most of us have m 9 into big beautiful houses. Moreover, mobile phones make c 10 much easier now. The sky is blue and the cloud is white. Our hometown looks like a big garden with green trees and colorful flowers. Our country is becoming richer and stronger. We are living a happy life. 【答案】 1．(p)ast 2．(u)sed 3．(r)ubbish 4．(f)resh 5．(p)ollution 6．(c)onditions 7．(c)hoose 8．(g)overnment 9．(m)oved 10．(c)ommunication 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了过去几年家乡发生的巨大变化，从环境、交通、住房等方面对比了过去和现在的不同。 1．句意：在过去的几年里，我们周围发生了巨大的变化。根据“In the p… few years”和时间对比语境，此处需表示“过去的”。单词“past”意为“过去的”，符合语境。故填(p)ast。 2．句意：过去道路狭窄拥挤。本文讲述近几年生活条件的变化；根据下文“The houses were old and small”可知此处讲述过去道路的状况；used to be意为“过去是……”；故填(u)sed。 3．句意：到处都是垃圾。根据“There was”可知，应填单数名词；本段描述过去“肮乱差”的状况，结合everywhere提示，可知此处指“到处是垃圾”；rubbish意为“垃圾”，不可数名词；故填(r)ubbish。 4．句意：空气不够清新。根据“the air wasn’t f…”可知，此处填形容词当表语；本段描述过去“肮乱差”的状况，上文“到处都是垃圾”，结合air提示，可知此处指“空气不清新”；fresh意为“清新的”；故填(f)resh。 5．句意：水污染也是一个大问题。根据“Water p… was”可知，此处是句子的主语，填名词；根据“They often put the waste into the river”可知经常把废物倒进河里，会造成水污染问题；pollution意为“污染”，不可数名词；故填(p)ollution。 6．句意：现在，我们的生活条件有了很大的改善。根据“our living c… have improved”可知，此处是句子的主语，填名词；下文“The roads…transport…many tall buildings…”从道路、交通、住房讲述现在生活条件的改善了很多；condition意为“条件”，结合“have improved”可知填复数名词；故填(c)onditions。 7．句意：我们可以选择不同的交通工具去任何地方。根据上文“It’s really easy for people to go out”可知，人们出行方便；此处指“可以选择不同的交通工具”；choose意为“选择”，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填(c)hoose。 8．句意：政府已经建造了许多高楼。根据“built many tall buildings”可知，是政府建造高楼，government意为“政府”，是实施主体。故填(g)overnment。 9．句意：我们大多数人都搬进了漂亮的大房子。根据“many tall buildings”可知有许多新房子，人们应该搬进新房子；move意为“移动”，此处是句子的谓语，根据have提示可知填过去分词构成现在完成时；故填(m)oved。 10．句意：手机使沟通现在更加容易。根据“mobile phones”的功能，需填“沟通”。communication意为“交流/沟通”，符合科技便利的主题。故填(c)ommunication。 I love my hometown, it has changed a lot over the years. It is in the n 1 part of the country. Recently, it has changed a lot. The e 2 is much better now. The air is cleaner, and there are more green s 3 . This is great for people who love nature and want to enjoy outdoor activities, s 4 as travelling and visiting new places. However, some people feel a bit l 5 because the city is growing fast and it’s hard to keep in t 6 with friends. A 7 , the changes are fantastic. There are more jobs and better facilities, like new shopping centers and d 8 kinds of restaurants. Last weekend, I received an i 9 and was asked about these changes. I think the city is improving, e 10 some traffic problems. I hope we can continue to make it a better place to live. 【答案】 1．(n)orthern/(n)orthwestern/(n)ortheastern 2．(e)nvironment 3．(s)paces 4．(s)uch 5．(l)onely 6．(t)ouch 7．(A)nyway 8．(d)ifferent 9．(i)nterview 10．(e)xcept 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者家乡近年来的变化，包括环境的改善、设施的增多以及一些随之而来的问题。 1．句意：它位于国家的北部/西北部/东北部。空处位于名词part前，填形容词作定语。根据“of the country”和首字母提示可知，作者家乡在北部或西北部或东北部。northern“北方的”，northwestern“西北方的”，northeastern“东北方的”，都是形容词。故填(n)orthern/(n)orthwestern/(n)ortheastern。 2．句意：现在环境好多了。空处位于is前，填名词作主语。根据“The air is cleaner”和首字母提示可知，此处指环境好多了。environment“环境”，不可数名词。故填(e)nvironment。 3．句意：空气更清新，有更多的绿化用地。空处位于形容词green后，be动词用的are，填可数名词复数作主语。根据“there are more green”和首字母提示可知，此处指有更多的绿化用地。space“场地”，可数名词，复数为spaces。故填(s)paces。 4．句意：这对于热爱自然和想要享受像旅行和参观新地方等户外活动的人来说很棒。根据“travelling and visiting new places.”和首字母提示可知，此处表示举例说明。such as“例如”。故填(s)uch。 5．句意：然而，有些人感到有点孤独，因为城市发展很快，很难与朋友保持联系。空处位于feel a bit后，填形容词作表语。根据“the city is growing fast”和首字母提示可知，城市发展过快，人们感到孤独。lonely“孤独的”，形容词。故填(l)onely。 6．句意：然而，有些人感到有点孤独，因为城市发展很快，很难与朋友保持联系。根据“some people feel a bit lonely”和“because the city is growing fast”和首字母提示可知，城市发展过快，与朋友保持联系有些困难。keep in touch with sb“与……保持联系”。故填(t)ouch。 7．句意：无论如何，这些变化是极好的。根据“the changes are fantastic”和首字母提示可知，无论怎样，有变化都是好的。anyway“无论如何”，副词作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填(A)nyway。 8．句意：有更多的工作和更好的设施，比如新的购物中心和不同种类的餐馆。空处位于名词kinds前，填形容词作定语。根据“kinds of restaurants”和首字母提示可知，此处指不同种类的餐馆。different“不同的”，形容词。故填(d)ifferent。 9．句意：上周末，我接受了一个采访，被问及这些变化。空处位于an后，填可数名词单数作宾语。根据“was asked about these changes”和首字母提示可知，此处指接受采访。interview“采访”，可数名词。故填(i)nterview。 10．句意：我认为城市正在改善，除了一些交通问题。根据“some traffic problems”和首字母提示可知，此处表示除了交通问题没有改善，其余都有改善。except“除了”，介词。故填(e)xcept。 阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。答卷时，要求写出完整单词。 Some people still live in their hometown. H 1 , others may only see it once or twice a year. Now millions of Chinese leave the countryside to s 2 for work in the cities. Among these is Zhong Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father. He has lived in Beijing for the p 3 13 years. With a hard job in a factory, he doesn’t find much time to visit his hometown. “I used to r 4 home at least once a year, but I haven’t been back for three years now,” he says. Many people like Zhong Wei are interested in how their hometown have c 5 . Besides large hospitals and new roads, the government has also built new schools and sent t 6 from the cities to help. Zhong Wei thinks such changes are good, and he also knows that his hometown cannot s 7 the same. However, some things will n 8 change. “In my hometown, there was a big old tree outside the school. It is still there and has b 9 a symbol (象征) of the place. Most of the children in my time liked to play together under that big tree. It was s 10 a happy childhood. Our hometown has left many soft and sweet memories in our hearts.” 【答案】 1．(H)owever 2．(s)earch 3．(p)ast 4．(r)eturn 5．(c)hanged 6．(t)eachers 7．(s)tay 8．(n)ever 9．(b)ecome 10．(s)uch 【导语】本文主要讲述有些人背井离乡，在外工作，没有时间回家乡，在这期间家乡发生了很大的变化。 1．句意：然而，其他人可能一年只能回家乡一两次。分析“Some people still live in their hometown...others may only see it once or twice a year.”可知，前后句是转折关系，空格处意为“然而”，however符合语境，句首首字母大写，故填(H)owever。 2．句意：现在数百万中国人离开农村到城市寻找工作。根据“leave the countryside to...for work in the cities”可知，此处表示离开乡村去城市找工作，search for意为“搜寻，寻找”，空前的to是动词不定式符号，其后接动词原形，故填(s)earch。 3．句意：过去13年他一直住在北京。根据“the...13 years”和首字母提示可知，此处表示过去的13年，past“过去的”符合语境，故填(p)ast。 4．句意：我过去每年至少回家一次，但现在我已经三年没回家了。根据“I used to...home at least once a year”和首字母提示可知，此处表示钟伟过去每年至少回家一次，动词return“返回”符合语境，结合短语used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”可知，空格处应填动词return的原形，故填(r)eturn。 5．句意：许多像钟伟一样的人对他们的家乡发生了怎样的变化很感兴趣。结合首字母提示和下文“Zhong Wei thinks such changes are good”可知，此处表示对他们的家乡发生了怎样的变化很感兴趣，动词change“变化”符合语境，空前的have是现在完成时的助动词，其后接动词过去分词，故填(c)hanged。 6．句意：除了大型医院和新道路之外，政府还建造了新学校，并从城市派遣教师前往帮助。根据首字母提示和“built new schools”可知，空格处意为“老师”，此处表示泛指，所以空格处应填名词teacher的复数形式，故填(t)eachers。 7．句意：钟伟认为这样的变化是好的，他也知道他的家乡不可能保持原样。根据“Zhong Wei thinks such changes are good”可知，此处表示钟伟知道他的家乡不可能保持原样，结合首字母提示，动词stay“保持”符合语境，情态动词can后接动词原形，故填(s)tay。 8．句意：然而，有些事情永远不会改变。根据下文“In my hometown, there was a big old tree outside the school. It is still there...”可知，钟伟家乡的那棵大树仍在原地，所以此处表示有些事情永远不会变，副词never“从不”符合语境，故填(n)ever。 9．句意：它仍然在那里，并已成为这个地方的象征。结合首字母提示和“has...a symbol (象征) of the place”可知，此处表示已成为这个地方的象征，动词become“变成”符合语境，空前的has是现在完成时的助动词，其后接动词过去分词，become的过去分词还是become，故填(b)ecome。 10．句意：那是一个如此快乐的童年。结合首字母提示和“a happy childhood”可知，空格处应填such修饰名词词组，表示一个如此快乐的童年。故填(s)uch。 In Japan, when you are walking on the street, you must be very careful. The vehicles always drive on the left. Their traffic lights are blue instead of green. It is quite d 1 from China. If you come to Japan for the first time, you may feel c 2 . It will be dangerous for you or you may get a fine, if you are careless. But don’t be n 3 . The following information is h 4 for you. You must look at the right side and then the l 5 side before you cross the street. If the traffic lights are red, the vehicles must stop. People can cross the road c 6 . If the traffic lights are blue, the vehicles can drive. When people go to work in the morning and go home in the evening, the traffic is very busy. It is the most dangerous for c 7 at this time. When you take a bus in Japan, you should be careful, t 8 . You must always remember the vehicles move on the left, or you will go the wrong way. The vehicles have m 9 good points in Japan. There are many big buses with two floors there. You can sit on the first or the s 10 floor. They can take you anywhere. 【答案】 1．(d)ifferent 2．(c)razy 3．(n)ervous 4．(h)elpful 5．(l)eft 6．(c)arefully 7．(c)hildren 8．(t)oo 9．(m)any 10．(s)econd 【导语】本文主要介绍了日本的交通规则，包括车辆靠左行驶、交通灯的颜色、过马路时的注意事项以及乘坐公共汽车时的注意事项。 1．句意：它与中国非常不同。根据文中“It is quite…from China.”及首字母可知，此处指的是与中国不同。be different from“与……不同”，固定短语。故填(d)ifferent。 2．句意：如果你第一次来日本，你可能会觉得很疯狂。根据文中“If you come to Japan for the first time, you may feel…”及首字母可知，此处指的是可能会觉得很疯狂。crazy“疯狂的”，形容词作表语。故填(c)razy。 3．句意：但是不要紧张。根据文中“But don’t be…”及首字母可知，此处指的是不要紧张。nervous“紧张的”，形容词作表语。故填(n)ervous。 4．句意：以下信息对你有帮助。根据文中“The following information is…for you.”及首字母可知，此处指的是有帮助的，helpful“有帮助的”，形容词作表语。故填(h)elpful。 5．句意：过马路前，你必须先看右边，再看左边。根据文中“You must look at the right side and then the…side before you cross the street.”及首字母可知，此处指的是看左边，left“左边的”，形容词作定语修饰名词“side”。故填(l)eft。 6．句意：人们可以小心地过马路。根据文中“People can cross the road…”及首字母可知，此处指的是小心地过马路。carefully“小心地”，副词修饰动词“cross”。故填(c)arefully。 7．句意：这个时候对孩子来说是最危险的。根据文中“It is the most dangerous for…at this time.”及首字母和提示词可知，此处指的是对孩子们来说是危险的。children“孩子们”，符合语境。故填(c)hildren。 8．句意：当你在日本乘公共汽车时，你也应该小心。根据文中“When you take a bus in Japan, you should be careful…”及首字母可知，此处指的是当你在日本乘公共汽车时，你也应该小心。too“也”，副词修饰整个句子。故填(t)oo。 9．句意：这些车在日本有很多卖点。根据文中“The vehicles have…good points in Japan.”及首字母可知，此处指的是有很多卖点。many“许多”，符合语境。故填(m)any。 10．句意：你可以坐在第一层或第二层。根据文中“You can sit on the first or the…floor.”及首字母可知，此处指的是坐在第一层或第二层。second“第二”，序数词表示顺序。故填(s)econd。 根据首字母提示补全短文。 Riding a bike in the street, you might hear some people s 1 Chinese loudly. Turning to the right, you see a Sichuan-style restaurant. After w 2 into a store, you see that smartphones from China are on sale. But you’re not in China—you’re in Manchester in the UK. You might see the s 3 things in many other cities. Chinese products have been going global (全球的). Chinese food has been e 4 in Western countries for a long time. To meet local people’s tastes, Chinese restaurants have made some changes to the dishes. For example, Chinese people like to eat meat w 5 bones in, but Western people don’t. So Chinese restaurants p 6 big pieces of meat without bones. Some Chinese brands are also becoming more p 7 . More than half of the US-owned drones (无人驾驶飞机) are Chinese models. They’re not only m 8 in China, but also designed and developed in the country. In the past, most Western people t 9 Chinese products were cheap and unreliable (不可靠的). But now things have changed g 10 . “Made in China” becomes cool. 【答案】 1．(s)peaking 2．(w)alking 3．(s)ame 4．(e)njoyed 5．(w)ith 6．(p)rovide 7．(p)opular 8．(m)ade 9．(t)hought 10．(g)reatly 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国产品走向世界。 1．句意：在街上骑自行车，你可能会听到一些人在大声说中文。speak Chinese“说中文”，hear sb doing sth“听到某人正在做某事”。故填(s)peaking。 2．句意：走进一家商店后，你看到来自中国的智能手机正在出售。根据“into a store”可知，是走进商店，walk into“走进”，介词after后跟动名词。故填(w)alking。 3．句意：你可能在其它很多城市也看到同样的事情。根据“Chinese products have been going global (全球的).”可知，是指在其它城市也会看到同样的事情，same“同样的”，形容词作定语。故填(s)ame。 4．句意：中国菜已经受到西方国家喜爱很久了。根据“Chinese food has been e... in Western countries”可知，是指中国菜受到西方国家的喜爱，enjoy“喜爱”，空处用过去分词与has been构成现在完成时的被动结构。故填(e)njoyed。 5．句意：例如，中国人喜欢吃带骨头的肉，但西方人不喜欢。根据“Chinese people like to eat meat w... bones in”可知，是指中国人喜欢吃带有骨头的肉，介词with“带有，具有”符合语境。故填(w)ith。 6．句意：所以中餐馆提供不带骨头的大块肉。根据“Chinese restaurants p... big pieces of meat without bones.”可知，是指提供大块不带骨头的肉，provide“提供”，时态为一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(p)rovide。 7．句意：一些中国品牌也变得更受欢迎。根据“More than half of the US-owned drones (无人驾驶飞机) are Chinese models.”可知，中国品牌变得更受欢迎，popular“受欢迎的”，形容词作表语。故填(p)opular。 8．句意：它们不仅是中国制造的，而且也是在中国设计和开发的。根据“but also designed and developed in the country.”及首字母可知，是在中国制造，make“制造”，be made in“在某地制造”。故填(m)ade。 9．句意：在过去，大多数西方人认为中国产品便宜而且不可靠。根据“Chinese products were cheap and unreliable”可知，是指认为中国产品便宜且不可靠，think“认为”，由“In the past”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(t)hought。 10．句意：但现在情况发生了很大的变化。根据“‘Made in China’ becomes cool.”可知，情况已经发生了巨大变化，空处用副词greatly“巨大地”，修饰动词。故填(g)reatly。 根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。 Ten years ago, my hometown was like a black-and-white photo. The streets were n 1 , with bicycle bells “ding-ding-ing” and old men playing chess under trees. Today, it’s turned into a bright and colourful painting The dirty paths became wide paved roads with trees and flowers on both sides. Last month, the high-speed railway station o 2 . My cousin in Shanghai can visit us in just 1 hour It used to take my father 5 hours by bus. How l 3 our generation (一代人) are! O 4 there was a smelly river behind our school. But now it becomes a clear stream with wooden walkways. Every spring, families have picnics under cherry blossom trees that volunteers planted in the park. My friends have fun playing sports, i 5 pingpong, badminton, and so on. Even Grandma uses smartphones She video-calls cousins in Australia and buys groceries through apps. The new smart library near the square is my favorite spot. No librarians—just scan your ID, and the robot brings you b 6 ! But some things never change. The 500-year-old stone bridge s 7 stands proudly, protected as cultural heritage (遗产). Old tea houses now sell milk tea together with traditional longjing tea, m 8 old with new. During some important festivals, people use many LED lanterns to f 9 different characters in the sky. Moreover, we set up shining drones (无人机). These cool new ways help us add old traditions to our m 10 lives. I love my hometown’s progress and I’m glad we’ re growing wisely, not just quickly. 【答案】 1．(n)arrow 2．(o)pened 3．(l)ucky 4．(O)nce 5．(i)ncluding 6．(b)ooks 7．(s)till 8．(m)ixing 9．(f)orm 10．(m)odern 【导语】本文为记叙文，讲述了作者家乡十年间在街道、交通、环境、生活方式等方面的变化，既有新事物的发展，也有传统文化的传承，体现家乡的进步与发展。 1．句意：街道很窄，有自行车的“叮叮”铃声，还有老人在树下下棋。后文提到“Today…dirty paths became wide paved roads”（如今，肮脏的小路变成了宽阔的铺装路），说明十年前的道路状况与现在形成对比。wide“宽阔的”的反义词是 narrow“狭窄的”。故填(n)arrow。 2．句意：上个月，高铁站开放了。从“My cousin in Shanghai can visit us in just 1 hour”（上海的表亲能1小时来拜访），可知是高铁站“开放”了，“last month”是过去的时间状语，结合首字母“o”，要用open“开放”的过去式“opened”。故填(o)pened。 3．句意：我们这一代人多幸运啊！对比过去交通（以前爸爸坐公交5小时，现在高铁1小时），体现当下生活便利，是“幸运的”，结合首字母“l”，lucky“幸运的”。故填(l)ucky。 4．句意：曾经我们学校后面有一条臭气熏天的河。与后文“but now”对比，说的是“过去”，结合首字母“O”，Once“曾经”。故填(O)nce。 5．句意：我的朋友们做运动很开心，包括乒乓球、羽毛球等等。“pingpong, badminton”是对“sports”的列举，用于列举事物，首字母“i”，“including”是介词符合语法。including“包括”。故填(i)ncluding。 6．句意：没有图书管理员——只需扫描你的身份证，机器人就会给你拿书。在图书馆，机器人根据扫描身份证的操作，是拿“书”，结合首字母“b”，book“书”，用复数“books”。故填(b)ooks。 7．句意：有500年历史的石桥仍然骄傲地矗立着，作为文化遗产受到保护。前文说“some things never change”（有些东西从未改变），所以石桥“仍然”矗立，结合首字母“s”，still“仍然”，副词修饰动词。故填(s)till。 8．句意：旧茶馆现在既卖奶茶，也卖传统的龙井茶，将旧与新融合。旧茶馆卖两种茶的做法是“融合”新旧，结合首字母“m”，mixing“融合”，现在分词作伴随状语。故填(m)ixing。 9．句意：在一些重要节日期间，人们用许多LED灯笼在天空中形成不同的字符。LED灯笼在天空呈现字符，是“形成”，结合首字母“f”，form“形成”，“use sth. to do sth.”结构用动词原形。故填(f)orm。 10．句意：这些很酷的新方式帮助我们把古老传统融入我们现代的生活。与“old traditions”（古老传统）相对，是“现代的”生活，结合首字母“m”，modern“现代的”。故填(m)odern。 ◇考点 02 重难语篇提升练 根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。 Shanghai’s Huanghe Road was famous for its many expensive restaurants and hotels. Only r 1 people could eat there. But things c 2 in the mid-1990s. The big and bright signs were taken down because of new safety rules. Then, financial (金融的，财政的) problems in Asia and the SARS pandemic in 2003 made many r 3 closed. Now, the road is busy again. Lots of people are coming to see it. They are looking for old things and m 4 . Wang Yongfen has lived there for 35 years. She says she has never seen so many people. A new TV series called Blossoms Shanghai (《繁花》) is about Shanghai in the 1990s. It shows what the city was like when it was growing f 5 . Wang says the TV series makes her think of the past. “The restaurants here first b 6 Hong Kong food to the city. Many famous chefs (大厨) from Hong Kong worked here,” she says. In the 1990s, Hong Kong food, songs, and movies were very p 7 . You could see pictures of restaurant owners with famous people from Hong Kong. The Tai Sheng Yuan restaurant is very busy now because of the TV series. The Fairmont Peace Hotel is also attracting (吸引) more v 8 . A gatekeeper says the street is very crowded (拥挤) now. The hotel made a s 9 menu with food from the TV series. It is expensive but sold out quickly. Other foods like pork chops and rice cakes are being ordered a lot more too. The TV series also makes people think of the past. Wang Yongfen r 10 the days when people set off big fireworks in the street for the Spring Festival. They were very loud. Business people believed that larger and louder fireworks would bring greater fortunes in the new year. 【答案】 1．(r)ich 2．(c)hanged 3．(r)estaurants 4．(m)emories 5．(f)ast 6．(b)rought 7．(p)opular 8．(v)isitors 9．(s)pecial/(s)imilar 10．(r)emembered 【导语】本文主要讲述了上海黄河路因为一部电视剧而变得繁华热闹，很多人去那里寻找旧物和回忆，并且很多餐厅和旅馆的生意都有所改善。 1．句意：只有富人才能在那里吃饭。根据首字母及前一句“Shanghai’s Huanghe Road was famous for its many expensive restaurants and hotels.”可知，此处表达的是富有的人；“rich富有的”，形容词作定语。故填(r)ich。 2．句意：但在20世纪90年代中期，情况发生了变化。根据首字母及下文“The big and bright signs were taken down because of new safety rules.”可知，前后对比，此处是指事情发现了变化。change“变化，改变”；本句描述过去的事实，需用一般过去时。故填(c)hanged。 3．句意：然后，亚洲的金融问题和2003年的非典疫情使许多餐馆关闭。根据首字母及上文“Then, financial problems in Asia and the SARS pandemic in 2003...”可知，因为金融问题和非典，很多餐馆关门了。restaurant“饭馆”；many后跟名词复数。故填(r)estaurants。 4．句意：他们在寻找旧的东西和回忆。根据首字母及下文“Wang says the TV series makes her think of the past.”可知，人们来这里寻找旧事物和以前的记忆。memory“记忆”；空处需用复数形式与“ things”形式一致。故填(m)emories。 5．句意：它展示了这座城市快速发展时的样子。根据首字母及下文可知，这里描述的是城市的快速发展。fast“快”，副词修饰动词。故填(f)ast。 6．句意：这里的餐馆首先将香港美食带到这座城市。根据首字母及句意可知，bring sth. to sp.表示“把某物带到某地”，且此空描述的是过去的动作，要使用一般过去时。故填(b)rought。 7．句意：在20世纪90年代，香港的食物、歌曲和电影都很流行。根据首字母及下文“You could see pictures of restaurant owners with famous people from Hong Kong.”可知，香港的东西在这里很流行。popular“流行的”，形容词作定语。故填(p)opular。 8．句意：费尔蒙和平饭店也吸引了更多的游客。根据首字母及下文“A gatekeeper says the street is very crowded now.”可知，此处表示游客多。visitor“游客”；more后跟名词复数。故填(v)isitors。 9．句意：旅馆用电视剧里的食物做了一份特别/相似的菜单。根据首字母及下文“It is expensive but sold out quickly.”可知，旅馆是做了一份特别的或者是和电视剧里类似的菜单，让游客来消费。special“特殊的”/similar“相似的”，形容词作定语。故填(s)pecial/(s)imilar。 10．句意：王永芬还记得人们在街上放大烟花过春节的日子。根据首字母及下文“They were very loud.”可知，她记得人们在街上放烟花的场景。remember“记住”；结合上下文内容可知，要使用一般过去时。故填(r)emembered。 根据短文内容和首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使其意思完整。 China’s retirement (退休) age, set in the 1950s, should have been raised long time ago because of many reasons. Recently, the government has d 1 to gradually raise its official retirement age over the next 15 years, starting in 2025. The retirement age for men will increase from 60 to 63, w 2 for women, it will rise between 55 and 58. This change is a way to s 3 the problem of an aging society. The plan allows people to choose when to retire within certain limits. For example, people can retire up to three years e 4 or later than the new retirement age, which depends on their p 5 situations. The goal of the reform (改革) is not only to improve the availability (可用性) of workers but a 6 to support the development of skills and talents in China. Even with these changes, the reform faces challenges, i 7 worrying about its influence on youth employments (就业). And more m 8 are needed to help older workers who may have trouble f 9 new jobs. The plan also points out the i 10 of improving the pension (养老金) system and elder care services (服务) to meet the needs of an aging society. 【答案】 1．(d)ecided 2．(w)hile 3．(s)olve 4．(e)arlier 5．(p)ersonal 6．(a)lso 7．(i)ncluding 8．(m)ethods 9．(f)inding 10．(i)mportance 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国政府决定延迟退休年龄这一新闻事件。 1．句意：最近，政府决定从2025年开始，在未来15年内逐步提高官方退休年龄。根据“...the government has...to gradually raise its official retirement age...”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是政府决定提高官方退休年龄。decide“决定”，动词。再结合本句“has”可知，此句时态为现在完成时，用decide的过去分词形式decided。故填(d)ecided。 2．句意：男性的退休年龄将从60岁提高到63岁，而女性的退休年龄将从55岁提高到58岁。根据“The retirement age for men will increase from 60 to 63,...for women, it will rise between 55 and 58.”及首字母提示可知，空处前后分别为男性和女性退休年龄的两种不同变化，因此此处用while表示前后两种情况的对比，表示“然而”。故填(w)hile。 3．句意：这种变化是解决老龄化社会问题的一种方式。根据“This change is a way to...the problem of an aging society.”及首字母提示可知，此处是指解决老龄化问题的一种方法。solve“解决”，此处放在动词不定式to后面，用动词原形。故填(s)olve。 4．句意：例如，人们可以比新的退休年龄提前或推迟三年退休，这取决于他们的个人情况。根据“... three years...or later than the new retirement age”及首字母提示可知，此处是指比新的退休年龄早或晚三年。early“早的”；根据“later than”可知，此处也是比较级，early的比较级形式为earlier。故填(e)arlier。 5．句意：例如，人们可以比新的退休年龄提前或推迟三年退休，这取决于他们的个人情况。根据“...which depends on their...situations”及首字母提示可知，此处是指取决于个人情况。personal“个人的”，作定语。故填(p)ersonal。 6．句意：改革的目标不仅是提高工人的可用性，也是为了支持中国技能和人才的发展。根据“The goal of the reform (改革) is not only to...but...to”及首字母提示，可知此处是固定短语“not only...but also...”意为“不但……而且……”。故填(a)lso。 7．句意：即使有这些变化，改革也面临挑战，包括担心它对年轻人就业的影响。根据“... worrying about its influence on youth employments (就业).”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“包括”，including表示“包括”。故填(i)ncluding。 8．句意：还需要更多的方法来帮助那些可能难以找到新工作的老年工人。根据前文“This change is a way to...”可推知，此处是指还需要更多的方法来帮助解决就业问题；再结合首字母m，可知此处用method，表示“方法”；再根据本句中“are”，可知此处用method的复数形式。故填(m)ethods。 9．句意：还需要更多的方法来帮助那些可能难以找到新工作的老年工人。根据“...to help older workers who may have trouble...new jobs.”及首字母提示，可知，此处是指帮助那些找新工作有困难的年龄更大些的工人。find表示“找到”；再根据have trouble doing sth意为“做某事有困难”，因此find需用其动名词形式，即finding。故填(f)inding。 10．句意：该计划还指出了改善养老金制度和老年人护理服务以满足老龄化社会需求的重要性。根据“...points out the...of improving the pension (养老金) system and elder care services...”及首字母提示可知，此处是指改善养老金制度和老年人护理服务以满足老龄化社会需求的重要性。importance表示“重要性”。故填(i)mportance。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Past and present 单元话题短文首字母填空练习 单元话题：过去和现在，今昔对比，社会发展 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 聚焦基础，巩固自我 重难语篇提升练 专注提升，挑战自我 ◇考点 01 基础语篇巩固练 Beihai has become one of the fastest growing cities in the world. It lies on the southeast coast of Guangxi Province. As a city with a p 1 of about 1.87 million already, it is still growing because more people are i 2 in starting a new life here. Many years ago, Beihai was just a small fishing village. However, because of its wonderful n 3 views, Beihai became busy and c 4 with many tourists. The beaches and islands were quite amazing, e 5 the Silver Beach. So many people thought these places would be a good c 6 for business. Tourists could also play v 7 there. Then the government made a plan to build a new city. Though they faced many difficulties, they tried really hard to i 8 the situation. Now the whole city is lively and active, with many big companies and several u 9 and the government will d 10 more plans to make Beihai better in the future. 首字母填空 In the past few years, great changes have taken place around us. The roads used to be n 1 and crowded (拥挤的). The houses were old and small. There was r 2 everywhere. And the air wasn’t f 3 enough. There was a paper factory near our school. They often put the w 4 into the river. Water pollution was also a big problem. Nowadays, our living c 5 have improved a lot. The roads are wide and clean. It’s really easy for people to go out. We can choose different t 6 of transport to go anywhere. The g 7 has also built many tall buildings. Most of us have m 8 into big beautiful houses. The sky is blue and the cloud is white. The birds are singing h 9 . Our hometown looks like a big garden with green trees and colorful flowers. Our country is becoming richer and s 10 . We are living a happy life. 根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。 In the p 1 few years, great changes have taken place around us. The roads u 2 to be narrow and crowded (拥挤的). The houses were old and small. There was r 3 everywhere. And the air wasn’t f 4 enough. There was a paper factory near our school. They often put the waste into the river. Water p 5 was also a big problem. Nowadays, our living c 6 have improved a lot. The roads are wide and clean. It’s really easy for people to go out. We can c 7 different types of transport to go anywhere. The g 8 has also built many tall buildings. Most of us have m 9 into big beautiful houses. Moreover, mobile phones make c 10 much easier now. The sky is blue and the cloud is white. Our hometown looks like a big garden with green trees and colorful flowers. Our country is becoming richer and stronger. We are living a happy life. I love my hometown, it has changed a lot over the years. It is in the n 1 part of the country. Recently, it has changed a lot. The e 2 is much better now. The air is cleaner, and there are more green s 3 . This is great for people who love nature and want to enjoy outdoor activities, s 4 as travelling and visiting new places. However, some people feel a bit l 5 because the city is growing fast and it’s hard to keep in t 6 with friends. A 7 , the changes are fantastic. There are more jobs and better facilities, like new shopping centers and d 8 kinds of restaurants. Last weekend, I received an i 9 and was asked about these changes. I think the city is improving, e 10 some traffic problems. I hope we can continue to make it a better place to live. 阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。答卷时，要求写出完整单词。 Some people still live in their hometown. H 1 , others may only see it once or twice a year. Now millions of Chinese leave the countryside to s 2 for work in the cities. Among these is Zhong Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father. He has lived in Beijing for the p 3 13 years. With a hard job in a factory, he doesn’t find much time to visit his hometown. “I used to r 4 home at least once a year, but I haven’t been back for three years now,” he says. Many people like Zhong Wei are interested in how their hometown have c 5 . Besides large hospitals and new roads, the government has also built new schools and sent t 6 from the cities to help. Zhong Wei thinks such changes are good, and he also knows that his hometown cannot s 7 the same. However, some things will n 8 change. “In my hometown, there was a big old tree outside the school. It is still there and has b 9 a symbol (象征) of the place. Most of the children in my time liked to play together under that big tree. It was s 10 a happy childhood. Our hometown has left many soft and sweet memories in our hearts.” In Japan, when you are walking on the street, you must be very careful. The vehicles always drive on the left. Their traffic lights are blue instead of green. It is quite d 1 from China. If you come to Japan for the first time, you may feel c 2 . It will be dangerous for you or you may get a fine, if you are careless. But don’t be n 3 . The following information is h 4 for you. You must look at the right side and then the l 5 side before you cross the street. If the traffic lights are red, the vehicles must stop. People can cross the road c 6 . If the traffic lights are blue, the vehicles can drive. When people go to work in the morning and go home in the evening, the traffic is very busy. It is the most dangerous for c 7 at this time. When you take a bus in Japan, you should be careful, t 8 . You must always remember the vehicles move on the left, or you will go the wrong way. The vehicles have m 9 good points in Japan. There are many big buses with two floors there. You can sit on the first or the s 10 floor. They can take you anywhere. 根据首字母提示补全短文。 Riding a bike in the street, you might hear some people s 1 Chinese loudly. Turning to the right, you see a Sichuan-style restaurant. After w 2 into a store, you see that smartphones from China are on sale. But you’re not in China—you’re in Manchester in the UK. You might see the s 3 things in many other cities. Chinese products have been going global (全球的). Chinese food has been e 4 in Western countries for a long time. To meet local people’s tastes, Chinese restaurants have made some changes to the dishes. For example, Chinese people like to eat meat w 5 bones in, but Western people don’t. So Chinese restaurants p 6 big pieces of meat without bones. Some Chinese brands are also becoming more p 7 . More than half of the US-owned drones (无人驾驶飞机) are Chinese models. They’re not only m 8 in China, but also designed and developed in the country. In the past, most Western people t 9 Chinese products were cheap and unreliable (不可靠的). But now things have changed g 10 . “Made in China” becomes cool. 根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。 Ten years ago, my hometown was like a black-and-white photo. The streets were n 1 , with bicycle bells “ding-ding-ing” and old men playing chess under trees. Today, it’s turned into a bright and colourful painting The dirty paths became wide paved roads with trees and flowers on both sides. Last month, the high-speed railway station o 2 . My cousin in Shanghai can visit us in just 1 hour It used to take my father 5 hours by bus. How l 3 our generation (一代人) are! O 4 there was a smelly river behind our school. But now it becomes a clear stream with wooden walkways. Every spring, families have picnics under cherry blossom trees that volunteers planted in the park. My friends have fun playing sports, i 5 pingpong, badminton, and so on. Even Grandma uses smartphones She video-calls cousins in Australia and buys groceries through apps. The new smart library near the square is my favorite spot. No librarians—just scan your ID, and the robot brings you b 6 ! But some things never change. The 500-year-old stone bridge s 7 stands proudly, protected as cultural heritage (遗产). Old tea houses now sell milk tea together with traditional longjing tea, m 8 old with new. During some important festivals, people use many LED lanterns to f 9 different characters in the sky. Moreover, we set up shining drones (无人机). These cool new ways help us add old traditions to our m 10 lives. I love my hometown’s progress and I’m glad we’ re growing wisely, not just quickly. ◇考点 02 重难语篇提升练 根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。 Shanghai’s Huanghe Road was famous for its many expensive restaurants and hotels. Only r 1 people could eat there. But things c 2 in the mid-1990s. The big and bright signs were taken down because of new safety rules. Then, financial (金融的，财政的) problems in Asia and the SARS pandemic in 2003 made many r 3 closed. Now, the road is busy again. Lots of people are coming to see it. They are looking for old things and m 4 . Wang Yongfen has lived there for 35 years. She says she has never seen so many people. A new TV series called Blossoms Shanghai (《繁花》) is about Shanghai in the 1990s. It shows what the city was like when it was growing f 5 . Wang says the TV series makes her think of the past. “The restaurants here first b 6 Hong Kong food to the city. Many famous chefs (大厨) from Hong Kong worked here,” she says. In the 1990s, Hong Kong food, songs, and movies were very p 7 . You could see pictures of restaurant owners with famous people from Hong Kong. The Tai Sheng Yuan restaurant is very busy now because of the TV series. The Fairmont Peace Hotel is also attracting (吸引) more v 8 . A gatekeeper says the street is very crowded (拥挤) now. The hotel made a s 9 menu with food from the TV series. It is expensive but sold out quickly. Other foods like pork chops and rice cakes are being ordered a lot more too. The TV series also makes people think of the past. Wang Yongfen r 10 the days when people set off big fireworks in the street for the Spring Festival. They were very loud. Business people believed that larger and louder fireworks would bring greater fortunes in the new year. 根据短文内容和首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使其意思完整。 China’s retirement (退休) age, set in the 1950s, should have been raised long time ago because of many reasons. Recently, the government has d 1 to gradually raise its official retirement age over the next 15 years, starting in 2025. The retirement age for men will increase from 60 to 63, w 2 for women, it will rise between 55 and 58. This change is a way to s 3 the problem of an aging society. The plan allows people to choose when to retire within certain limits. For example, people can retire up to three years e 4 or later than the new retirement age, which depends on their p 5 situations. The goal of the reform (改革) is not only to improve the availability (可用性) of workers but a 6 to support the development of skills and talents in China. Even with these changes, the reform faces challenges, i 7 worrying about its influence on youth employments (就业). And more m 8 are needed to help older workers who may have trouble f 9 new jobs. The plan also points out the i 10 of improving the pension (养老金) system and elder care services (服务) to meet the needs of an aging society. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $