专题06 必修第三册 Unit 1 课文预习填空+重点单词+重点句型+语法讲解（寒假预习讲义）高一英语外研版

专题06 必修第三册 Unit 1 Knowing me，knowing you 课文预习填空+重点单词+重点句型+语法讲解（寒假预习） 【Understanding idea】 Absolute agony! Our Agony Aunt answers your questions. Dear Agony Aunt (知心阿姨), I’m in a total mess (一团糟) here—hope you can help me out! I’m 17, and a member of our school basketball team. I’m crazy about basketball, and pretty good at it too, which is probably (probable) why I was so mad when we lost our last match. We played well, but I felt the team were let down (失望) by one member, our point guard. The point guard is a key player, but it was like he wasn’t even on the court (在场上)! Disappointed (disappoint) by his behaviour, I said all this to my best friend. I was just letting off steam (发泄愤怒) really, because I was so angry, but then my friend went and told everyone else what I’d said. This is so totally awkward (尴尬的). I’m really angry with my friend—what should I say to him? And should I say anything at all to my teammate? Embarrassed and ashamed(羞愧), I can’t concentrate on (集中精力) anything. Please help! Ben Dear Ben, There is an old American saying, “Loose lips sink ships. (口风不紧船舰沉)” This means that if you speak too much about something, especially to people who you don’t know so well, it’ll cause (导致) all kinds of trouble. The situation here is so much worse (bad) because the “loose lips” were your best friend’s. Treated (treat) this way, you’re sure to feel (feel) hurt—we should always be able to trust those closest (close) to us, and it hurts even more when we find we can’t. But I have to say that it’s partly your fault(错误), isn’t it? You admit that you were “letting off steam”. It is understandable (understand) in that situation, but we should always think before we speak(说话前先思考). Here’s what you need to do. First, apologise (道歉) to your teammate. If you ever want to win any more basketball games (and I’m sure you do!), you need to work together, and that means communicating (communicate) with each other clearly and resolving conflicts(解决矛盾). So have a chat with your teammate. Tell him directly and honestly that you were talking without thinking(说话没有经过考虑). Then, talk to your friend. Friendship should be one of the greatest (great) things in the world, but sometimes it can be difficult. Again, your strategy (策略) is clear communication. Tell your friend you’re angry with him for repeating what you said and making the situation worse, but that you want to move on. Approached (approach) in this way, your friendship will soon be repaired(repair). Thirdly, and perhaps most importantly, think about your own behaviour. Don’t say too much when you’re angry! Filled with anger, you tend to say (say) whatever comes to your mind. This gives people the wrong signal(信号). Take a deep breath(深呼吸), calm down, and always remember: think first, speak later. If you feel one of your teammates isn’t pulling their weight(尽责任), then raise your concerns in a professional way (用专业的方式) with your team coach. If you think about other people’s feelings as well as (和；以及) your own, you'll soon find everything works out. Good luck! Agony Aunt ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 【Developing idea】 Little White Lies Written (write) more than two hundred years ago, these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry: Oh, what a tangled web we weave, When first we practise to deceive! We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong, but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie? Perhaps we comfort ourselves (we) with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”: little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth. We’ve all surely had the experience of someone cooking a meal for us that we don’t like. The majority (major) of us of course don’t tell the truth—we lie and say that the food is “delicious”. Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut, we say “It’s great!”, even if we think it’s awful. But to what extent can we justify (认为……是合理的) telling white lies like these? when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good, or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate, are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else? Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment and anger (angry) of others. One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try (try) to make others feel better. However, Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement. Say for example that your friend asks you what you think of his singing. You of course say that it’s wonderful, despite secretly thinking that your cat can sing better. Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments (坦诚的评价) from you so that they can improve. Or perhaps, they need to know that they should look for a different hobby. Finally, we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others from bad news. If you’ve had a bad day, do you tell your parents about it, or do you hide your tears (眼泪) and lie that your day was “fine”? If the latter(后者), don’t you think your parents would want to listen to you and understand your feelings? Wouldn’t it be better (good) to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice? Going (go) back to Walter Scott’s lines, we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance. Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served (serve) every time you visit. Would your friend trust your opinion again if he found out you had lied (lie) about his “wonderful” singing? How would you expect others to truly understand your emotions if you only shared good news instead of bad? Moreover(而且), how would you feel if you discovered that the people closest to you had been hiding the truth (true) from you? 知 识 精 讲 Part 1：重点单词 单词 词性 含义 词性转换 固定搭配 fault n. 缺点；过错； 故障 faulty (adj.) 有故障的；有缺陷的 1. find fault with sb./sth. 挑…… 的毛病；指责 2. at fault 有责任；有错 3. it's one's fault that... 是某人的过错 breath n. 呼吸；气息； 一口气 1. breathe (v.) 呼吸；呼出 2. breathless (adj.) 气喘吁吁的；屏息的 1. take a breath 吸一口气 2. hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 3. out of breath 气喘吁吁 4. breathe in/out 吸气/呼气 concern 1. n. 2. v. 1. 关心；担忧；关切的事 2. 涉及；使担忧 1. concerned (adj.) 担忧的；关心的 2. concerning (prep.) 关于 1. show concern for sb./sth. 关心…… 2. as far as...be concerned 就…… 而言 3. be concerned about/for 担忧…… annoyed adj. 恼怒的；生气的 1. annoy (v.) 使恼怒；打扰 2. annoying (adj.) 使恼怒的；使生气的 3. annoyance (n.) 恼怒；烦恼 1. be annoyed at/by sth. 因某事而生气 2. be annoyed with sb. 对某人生气 3. be annoyed to do sth 因做某事而恼火 adjust v. 调整；校正； 适应 1. adjustment (n.) 调整；适应 2. adjustable (adj.) 可调整的 1. adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth. （使自己）适应（做）某事 2. make an adjustment to 对……做出调整 forgive v. 原谅；宽恕； 饶恕 1. forgiveness (n.) 原谅；宽恕 2. forgiving (adj.) 宽容的；宽宏大量的 1. forgive sb. for (doing) sth. 原谅某人（做了）某事 2. forgive and forget 既往不咎 embarrassment n. 尴尬；窘迫； 令人尴尬的人/事 1. embarrass (v.) 使尴尬；使窘迫 2. embarrassed (adj.) 感到尴尬的 3. embarrassing (adj.) 令人尴尬的 1. to one's embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是 2. save sb. from embarrassment 帮某人摆脱尴尬 3. be embarrassed about 对……感到尴尬 independent adj. 独立的； 自主的； 不受约束的 1. independence (n.) 独立；自主 2. independently (adv.) 独立地；自主地 1. be independent of 独立于……；不依赖于…… 2. be independent on 依赖，依靠 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. （2024·全国甲卷模拟）It is not easy to ask for ______ (forgive) when you have hurt someone deeply. 2. （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）She found it hard _________ (adjust) to living in a new country where the culture was totally different. 3. （2025·江苏高考模拟）After running for 10 kilometers, he was completely ______ (breath) and could hardly speak. 4. （2024·浙江卷）To her great ______ (annoy), her brother broke her favorite vase without saying sorry. 5. （2023·山东高考模拟）The teacher was ______ (annoy) with the students who kept talking in class despite repeated warnings. 6. （2024·全国乙卷）It was an ______ (embarrass) moment when she realized she had mispronounced the key word in her speech. 7. （2025·广东高考模拟）The company made a series of ______ (adjust) to its marketing strategy to adapt to the changing market demands. 8. （2023·北京卷）As far as I am ______ (concern), the most important thing in life is to keep a positive attitude. 9. （2024·天津高考模拟）Don't be too hard on yourself; nobody is free from ______ (fault). 10. （2023·全国甲卷）She held her ______ (breathe) when the results of the competition were about to be announced. 11. （2025·湖北高考模拟）The government has shown great concern________ the living conditions of the elderly. 12. （2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷）He finally managed to adjust to ______ (work) night shifts after a month of practice. 13. （2023·浙江高考模拟）To avoid ______ (embarrass), he decided to leave the party early when he saw his ex-girlfriend. 14. （2024·山东卷）The little girl is becoming more and more ______ (independence) and can dress herself now. 15. （2025·湖南高考模拟）Though Tom felt guilty about forgetting his mother's birthday, he hoped she could forgive him ______ this careless mistake. Part 2：重点句型 一、Whatever引导的名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句） 【核心用法】 1. 表示“无论什么、凡是……的”，相当于anything that； 2. 引导主语从句时，谓语动词常用单数； 3. 可在从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 【结构特点】 1. 连接词whatever本身在从句中充当句子成分（主语/宾语/定语）； 2. 从句用陈述语序； 3. 不可省略连接词。 【典型例句】 1. Whatever he says is not important.（主语从句，作宾语） 2. I will support whatever decision you make.（宾语从句，作定语） 3. The question is whatever we can finish the task on time.（表语从句，作状语） 【高考考点提示】 1. 与no matter what的区别： whatever可引导名词性从句，no matter what只能引导让步状语从句； 2. 从句语序易错（需用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序）； 3. 主谓一致（主语从句作主语时谓语单数）。 二、Every time引导的时间状语从句 【核心用法】 1. 表示“每次……的时候”，相当于whenever或each time； 2. 引导时间状语从句，强调动作的重复性； 3. 可直接引导从句，无需额外连接词。 【结构特点】 1. every time属于连词性短语，直接引导从句； 2. 从句用陈述语序； 3. 时态遵循“主过从过、主现从任”原则 （主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时；主句为现在时，从句根据语境用任意时态）。 【典型例句】 1. Every time I visit my grandparents, they will cook delicious food for me. （主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时） 2. He was very excited every time he talked about his childhood.（主从均为过去时） 【高考考点提示】 1. 易与when/while混淆： every time侧重“每次”的重复性，when/while侧重“当……时”的具体时间点； 2. 无需在every time后加that； 3. 时态呼应是高频考点。 三、The + 比较级…, the + 比较级…（比较状语从句） 【核心用法】 表示“越……，就越……”，强调两个事物或动作之间的程度呼应关系。 【结构特点】 1. 前后两部分均用“the + 形容词/副词比较级”结构； 2. 前半部分为条件状语从句，用陈述语序； 3. 后半部分为主句，常用将来时或情态动词表示结果； 4. 比较级前的the不可省略。 【典型例句】 1. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. （形容词比较级harder，副词比较级greater） 2. The more you read, the more knowledge you will gain.（形容词比较级more） 【高考考点提示】 1. 比较级的正确形式（如多音节词前加more，单音节词变比较级的规则变化）； 2. the的省略错误（前后比较级前均需加the）； 3. 时态搭配（从句常用一般现在时表将来，主句用将来时）。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. （2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷模拟）______ he decides to do will get our support as long as it is legal and moral. 2. （2023·北京卷）Every time she ______ (visit) her hometown, she always brings some special snacks for her old friends. 3. （2025·江苏高考模拟）The ______ (hard) you practice speaking English, the more fluent your oral English will be. 4. （2024·浙江卷）We are willing to help ______ is in need of assistance in this disaster-stricken area. 5. （2023·全国甲卷模拟）Every time I meet with difficulties in study, my teacher always __________ (encourage) me to keep going. 6. （2025·广东高考模拟）The ______ (much) you know about the history of the city, the more you will love it. 7. （2024·天津卷）The problem is ______ we can do to improve the current working efficiency. 8. （2023·山东高考模拟）Every time he ______ (travel) abroad, he buys some local souvenirs for his family. 9. （2025·湖北高考模拟）______ happens, we must stick to our original plan and never give up easily. 10. （2024·全国乙卷）The ______ (careful) you are in the exam, the fewer mistakes you will make. Part 3：重点语法：过去分词做状语 【情境导入·引发思考】 阅读以下两组句子，对比分析每组中两个句子的表达差异，思考划线部分的作用： 第一组： A. She was embarrassed by the mistake and stood there silently. （改编自课文《Absolutely Agony》相关语境） B. Embarrassed by the mistake, she stood there silently. （改编自课文《Absolutely Agony》相关语境） 第二组： A. When he was asked about the embarrassing experience, he refused to talk. （改编自课文《Absolutely Agony》相关语境） B. Asked about the embarrassing experience, he refused to talk. （改编自课文《Absolutely Agony》相关语境） 【思考问题】 1. 每组中A句和B句的句意是否相同？ 2. B句中划线部分是什么形式？它在句中起到了什么作用？ 3. 对比A句，B句的表达有什么优势？ 【自主探究·梳理规律】 探究一：过去分词作状语的核心作用 结合导入环节的句子及以下例句，思考过去分词作状语能补充说明哪些背景信息： 1. Given more time to prepare for the speech, he wouldn't have made so many mistakes. （结合课文演讲相关语境） 2. Though laughed at by his classmates for his accent, he kept practicing spoken English. （改编自课文《Absolutely Agony》口音相关语境） 3. She walked into the classroom, followed by her new deskmate mentioned in the text. （结合课文同学相处相关语境） 我的发现：过去分词作状语可补充说明动作的__________、__________、__________等背景信息，修饰谓语动词。 探究二：过去分词作状语的逻辑关系及标志词 给下列句子中的过去分词短语标注对应的逻辑关系（时间、原因、条件、让步、方式/伴随），并找出句中的标志词（若有）： 1. When asked about the most embarrassing moment in his life, the student shared a story from the text. 逻辑关系：__________；标志词：__________ 2. Encouraged by his teacher after the failure, he decided to try again. 逻辑关系：__________；标志词：__________ 3. Unless dealt with properly, the embarrassing situation will get worse. 逻辑关系：__________；标志词：__________ 4. He talked about his experience, surrounded by his curious classmates. 逻辑关系：__________；标志词：__________ ◆我的总结◆ 过去分词作状语常见的逻辑关系有__________________________________________________，其中表示__________、__________、__________、__________的逻辑关系时，可搭配对应的连词作为标志词，且标志词可省略。 探究三：过去分词作状语的注意事项 分析以下几组正误句，结合语境探究错误原因，总结注意事项： 【第一组】 （√）正确句：Seen from the audience's seat, the speaker's nervous expression was obvious. （×）错误句：Seeing from the audience's seat, the speaker's nervous expression was obvious. 错误原因：逻辑主语不一致，seeing的逻辑主语应是人，而主句主语是the speaker's nervous expression，且二者不构成主动关系，应改为过去分词Seen 【第二组】 （√）正确句：Not invited to the party, she felt upset. （×）错误句：Invited not to the party, she felt upset. 错误原因：过去分词的否定形式错误，否定词not应放在过去分词之前，应改为Not invited 【第三组】 （√）正确句：The task finished, we went out to relax. （×）错误句：Finished the task, we went out to relax. 错误原因：逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时未用独立主格结构，finished的逻辑主语是the task，主句主语是we，应改为The task finished ◆我的总结◆ 1. 过去分词的逻辑主语通常是____________________，且二者需构成__________关系； 2. 否定形式为____________________； 3. 当逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时，需用___________结构。 【知识梳理·体系构建】 结合以上探究，完善下列过去分词作状语的用法框架： 1. 核心作用：修饰谓语动词，补充说明动作发生的时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随等背景信息，使表达更简洁流畅 2. 常见逻辑关系及标志词：常见逻辑关系有时间、原因、条件、让步、方式/伴随；时间、原因、条件、让步可分别搭配when/while/before/after、because/as、if/unless、though/although等标志词，标志词可省略 3. 典型结构： ①基础结构：过去分词短语 + 主句（逗号分隔）； Embarrassed by the mistake, she stood there silently. ②带标志词结构：标志词 + 过去分词短语 + 主句； When asked about the embarrassing experience, he refused to talk. ③独立主格结构：名词/代词 + 过去分词 + 主句 The embarrassing problem solved, he felt relaxed. 4. 注意事项： ①逻辑主语一致，过去分词逻辑主语通常为主句主语，且构成被动关系； ②否定形式为：Not + 过去分词：Not invited to the party, she felt upset. ③逻辑主语不一致时用独立主格结构； ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 用括号内动词的适当形式填空（结合2019外研版必修三Unit 1语境及高考模拟题改编） 1. （2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷模拟）________（defeat）many times in the speech competition, he still didn't lose confidence in improving his spoken English. 2. （2023·北京卷模拟）When ________（ask）about the embarrassing experience in the text, he kept silent and didn't say a word. 3. （2025·江苏高考模拟）________（give）enough care and guidance, the students will avoid many embarrassing mistakes. 4. （课文改编）________（embarrass）by his wrong pronunciation, he didn't dare to speak in class. 5. （2024·浙江卷模拟）Though ________（laugh）at for his accent, he insisted on practicing English every day. 6. （课文改编）He walked into the classroom, ________（follow）by the teacher who wanted to talk about his mistake. 7. （2023·全国甲卷模拟）________（not invite）to the class party, she felt a little left out. 8. （课文改编）________（deal）with properly, the embarrassing situation won't affect the students' friendship. 9. （2025·山东高考模拟）When ________（tell）to correct his mistake, he nodded and promised to do it at once. 10. （课文改编）________（surround）by his classmates, he shared his experience of overcoming embarrassing moments. 9 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 必修第三册 Unit 1 Knowing me，knowing you 课文预习填空+重点单词+重点句型+语法讲解（寒假预习） 【Understanding idea】 Absolute agony! Our Agony Aunt answers your questions. Dear Agony Aunt (知心阿姨), I’m in a total mess (一团糟) here—hope you can help me out! I’m 17, and a member of our school basketball team. I’m crazy about basketball, and pretty good at it too, which is probably (probable) why I was so mad when we lost our last match. We played well, but I felt the team were let down (失望) by one member, our point guard. The point guard is a key player, but it was like he wasn’t even on the court (在场上)! Disappointed (disappoint) by his behaviour, I said all this to my best friend. I was just letting off steam (发泄愤怒) really, because I was so angry, but then my friend went and told everyone else what I’d said. This is so totally awkward (尴尬的). I’m really angry with my friend—what should I say to him? And should I say anything at all to my teammate? Embarrassed and ashamed(羞愧), I can’t concentrate on (集中精力) anything. Please help! Ben Dear Ben, There is an old American saying, “Loose lips sink ships. (口风不紧船舰沉)” This means that if you speak too much about something, especially to people who you don’t know so well, it’ll cause (导致) all kinds of trouble. The situation here is so much worse (bad) because the “loose lips” were your best friend’s. Treated (treat) this way, you’re sure to feel (feel) hurt—we should always be able to trust those closest (close) to us, and it hurts even more when we find we can’t. But I have to say that it’s partly your fault(错误), isn’t it? You admit that you were “letting off steam”. It is understandable (understand) in that situation, but we should always think before we speak(说话前先思考). Here’s what you need to do. First, apologise (道歉) to your teammate. If you ever want to win any more basketball games (and I’m sure you do!), you need to work together, and that means communicating (communicate) with each other clearly and resolving conflicts(解决矛盾). So have a chat with your teammate. Tell him directly and honestly that you were talking without thinking(说话没有经过考虑). Then, talk to your friend. Friendship should be one of the greatest (great) things in the world, but sometimes it can be difficult. Again, your strategy (策略) is clear communication. Tell your friend you’re angry with him for repeating what you said and making the situation worse, but that you want to move on. Approached (approach) in this way, your friendship will soon be repaired(repair). Thirdly, and perhaps most importantly, think about your own behaviour. Don’t say too much when you’re angry! Filled with anger, you tend to say (say) whatever comes to your mind. This gives people the wrong signal(信号). Take a deep breath(深呼吸), calm down, and always remember: think first, speak later. If you feel one of your teammates isn’t pulling their weight(尽责任), then raise your concerns in a professional way (用专业的方式) with your team coach. If you think about other people’s feelings as well as (和；以及) your own, you'll soon find everything works out. Good luck! Agony Aunt ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 【Developing idea】 Little White Lies Written (write) more than two hundred years ago, these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry: Oh, what a tangled web we weave, When first we practise to deceive! We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong, but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie? Perhaps we comfort ourselves (we) with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”: little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth. We’ve all surely had the experience of someone cooking a meal for us that we don’t like. The majority (major) of us of course don’t tell the truth—we lie and say that the food is “delicious”. Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut, we say “It’s great!”, even if we think it’s awful. But to what extent can we justify (认为……是合理的) telling white lies like these? when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good, or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate, are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else? Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment and anger (angry) of others. One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try (try) to make others feel better. However, Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement. Say for example that your friend asks you what you think of his singing. You of course say that it’s wonderful, despite secretly thinking that your cat can sing better. Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments (坦诚的评价) from you so that they can improve. Or perhaps, they need to know that they should look for a different hobby. Finally, we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others from bad news. If you’ve had a bad day, do you tell your parents about it, or do you hide your tears (眼泪) and lie that your day was “fine”? If the latter(后者), don’t you think your parents would want to listen to you and understand your feelings? Wouldn’t it be better (good) to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice? Going (go) back to Walter Scott’s lines, we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance. Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served (serve) every time you visit. Would your friend trust your opinion again if he found out you had lied (lie) about his “wonderful” singing? How would you expect others to truly understand your emotions if you only shared good news instead of bad? Moreover(而且), how would you feel if you discovered that the people closest to you had been hiding the truth (true) from you? 知 识 精 讲 Part 1：重点单词 单词 词性 含义 词性转换 固定搭配 fault n. 缺点；过错； 故障 faulty (adj.) 有故障的；有缺陷的 1. find fault with sb./sth. 挑…… 的毛病；指责 2. at fault 有责任；有错 3. it's one's fault that... 是某人的过错 breath n. 呼吸；气息； 一口气 1. breathe (v.) 呼吸；呼出 2. breathless (adj.) 气喘吁吁的；屏息的 1. take a breath 吸一口气 2. hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 3. out of breath 气喘吁吁 4. breathe in/out 吸气/呼气 concern 1. n. 2. v. 1. 关心；担忧；关切的事 2. 涉及；使担忧 1. concerned (adj.) 担忧的；关心的 2. concerning (prep.) 关于 1. show concern for sb./sth. 关心…… 2. as far as...be concerned 就…… 而言 3. be concerned about/for 担忧…… annoyed adj. 恼怒的；生气的 1. annoy (v.) 使恼怒；打扰 2. annoying (adj.) 使恼怒的；使生气的 3. annoyance (n.) 恼怒；烦恼 1. be annoyed at/by sth. 因某事而生气 2. be annoyed with sb. 对某人生气 3. be annoyed to do sth 因做某事而恼火 adjust v. 调整；校正； 适应 1. adjustment (n.) 调整；适应 2. adjustable (adj.) 可调整的 1. adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth. （使自己）适应（做）某事 2. make an adjustment to 对……做出调整 forgive v. 原谅；宽恕； 饶恕 1. forgiveness (n.) 原谅；宽恕 2. forgiving (adj.) 宽容的；宽宏大量的 1. forgive sb. for (doing) sth. 原谅某人（做了）某事 2. forgive and forget 既往不咎 embarrassment n. 尴尬；窘迫； 令人尴尬的人/事 1. embarrass (v.) 使尴尬；使窘迫 2. embarrassed (adj.) 感到尴尬的 3. embarrassing (adj.) 令人尴尬的 1. to one's embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是 2. save sb. from embarrassment 帮某人摆脱尴尬 3. be embarrassed about 对……感到尴尬 independent adj. 独立的； 自主的； 不受约束的 1. independence (n.) 独立；自主 2. independently (adv.) 独立地；自主地 1. be independent of 独立于……；不依赖于…… 2. be independent on 依赖，依靠 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. （2024·全国甲卷模拟）It is not easy to ask for ______ (forgive) when you have hurt someone deeply. 答案：forgiveness 解析：考查词性转换。句中for为介词，后接名词作宾语；forgive的名词形式为forgiveness，意为“原谅、宽恕”，为不可数名词，故填forgiveness。 2. （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）She found it hard _________ (adjust) to living in a new country where the culture was totally different. 答案：to adjust 解析：考查固定搭配及非谓语动词。句中it为形式宾语，不定式符号to后接动词原形；adjust to doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“适应做某事”，此处to为介词，后接living符合语法要求，故填adjust。 3. （2025·江苏高考模拟）After running for 10 kilometers, he was completely ______ (breath) and could hardly speak. 答案：breathless 解析：考查词性转换。句中was为系动词，后接形容词作表语；breath的形容词形式为breathless，意为“气喘吁吁的”，符合“跑步后呼吸困难”的语境，故填breathless。 4. （2024·浙江卷）To her great ______ (annoy), her brother broke her favorite vase without saying sorry. 答案：annoyance 解析：考查词性转换。句中great为形容词，后接名词作宾语；annoy的名词形式为annoyance，意为“恼怒、烦恼”，to one's annoyance为固定搭配，意为“令某人恼怒的是”，故填annoyance。 5. （2023·山东高考模拟）The teacher was ______ (annoy) with the students who kept talking in class despite repeated warnings. 答案：annoyed 解析：考查词性转换及固定搭配。句中was为系动词，后接形容词作表语；annoy的形容词形式有annoyed（感到恼怒的，修饰人）和annoying（令人恼怒的，修饰物），此处主语为the teacher（人），be annoyed with sb.为固定搭配，意为“对某人生气”，故填annoyed。 6. （2024·全国乙卷）It was an ______ (embarrass) moment when she realized she had mispronounced the key word in her speech. 答案：embarrassing 解析：考查词性转换。句中moment为名词，需用形容词修饰；embarrass的形容词形式有embarrassing（令人尴尬的，修饰物）和embarrassed（感到尴尬的，修饰人），此处修饰moment（物），故填embarrassing。 7. （2025·广东高考模拟）The company made a series of ______ (adjust) to its marketing strategy to adapt to the changing market demands. 答案：adjustments 解析：考查词性转换及名词单复数。句中a series of后接可数名词复数；adjust的名词形式为adjustment，意为“调整”，其复数形式为adjustments，故填adjustments。 8. （2023·北京卷）As far as I am ______ (concern), the most important thing in life is to keep a positive attitude. 答案：concerned 解析：考查固定搭配。as far as sb. be concerned为固定短语，意为“就某人而言”，此处concerned为形容词，意为“关切的、相关的”，故填concerned。 9. （2024·天津高考模拟）Don't be too hard on yourself; nobody is free from ______ (fault). 答案：faults 解析：考查名词单复数。fault意为“缺点、过错”，为可数名词；此处表示“没有人没有缺点”，需用复数形式faults表泛指，故填faults。 10. （2023·全国甲卷）She held her ______ (breathe) when the results of the competition were about to be announced. 答案：breath 解析：考查固定搭配。hold one's breath为固定短语，意为“屏住呼吸”，此处breath为名词，意为“气息”，故填breath。 11. （2025·湖北高考模拟）The government has shown great concern________ the living conditions of the elderly. 答案：for/about 解析：考查固定搭配。show concern for/about为固定搭配，意为“关心、担忧……”，故填for或about。 12. （2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷）He finally managed to adjust to ______ (work) night shifts after a month of practice. 答案：working 解析：考查固定搭配。adjust to doing sth.为固定短语，意为“适应做某事”，此处to为介词，后接动名词作宾语，故填working。 13. （2023·浙江高考模拟）To avoid ______ (embarrass), he decided to leave the party early when he saw his ex-girlfriend. 答案：embarrassment 解析：考查词性转换。句中avoid为及物动词，后接名词作宾语；embarrassment为名词，意为“尴尬”，为不可数名词，故填embarrassment。 14. （2024·山东卷）The little girl is becoming more and more ______ (independence) and can dress herself now. 答案：independent 解析：考查词性转换。句中becoming为系动词，后接形容词作表语；independent本身为形容词，意为“独立的”，符合“小女孩能自己穿衣服”的语境，故填independent。 15. （2025·湖南高考模拟）Though Tom felt guilty about forgetting his mother's birthday, he hoped she could forgive him ______ this careless mistake. 答案：for 解析：考查固定短语中介词的固定搭配。句中核心考点为forgive sb. for (doing) sth.，该短语意为“原谅某人（做了）某事”，其中介词for是固定搭配成分，用于引出需要被原谅的具体行为或过错，不可替换或省略。此处“this careless mistake”对应短语中的“(doing) sth.”，作for的宾语，符合语法要求，故填for。 Part 2：重点句型 一、Whatever引导的名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句） 【核心用法】 1. 表示“无论什么、凡是……的”，相当于anything that； 2. 引导主语从句时，谓语动词常用单数； 3. 可在从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 【结构特点】 1. 连接词whatever本身在从句中充当句子成分（主语/宾语/定语）； 2. 从句用陈述语序； 3. 不可省略连接词。 【典型例句】 1. Whatever he says is not important.（主语从句，作宾语） 2. I will support whatever decision you make.（宾语从句，作定语） 3. The question is whatever we can finish the task on time.（表语从句，作状语） 【高考考点提示】 1. 与no matter what的区别： whatever可引导名词性从句，no matter what只能引导让步状语从句； 2. 从句语序易错（需用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序）； 3. 主谓一致（主语从句作主语时谓语单数）。 二、Every time引导的时间状语从句 【核心用法】 1. 表示“每次……的时候”，相当于whenever或each time； 2. 引导时间状语从句，强调动作的重复性； 3. 可直接引导从句，无需额外连接词。 【结构特点】 1. every time属于连词性短语，直接引导从句； 2. 从句用陈述语序； 3. 时态遵循“主过从过、主现从任”原则 （主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时；主句为现在时，从句根据语境用任意时态）。 【典型例句】 1. Every time I visit my grandparents, they will cook delicious food for me. （主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时） 2. He was very excited every time he talked about his childhood.（主从均为过去时） 【高考考点提示】 1. 易与when/while混淆： every time侧重“每次”的重复性，when/while侧重“当……时”的具体时间点； 2. 无需在every time后加that； 3. 时态呼应是高频考点。 三、The + 比较级…, the + 比较级…（比较状语从句） 【核心用法】 表示“越……，就越……”，强调两个事物或动作之间的程度呼应关系。 【结构特点】 1. 前后两部分均用“the + 形容词/副词比较级”结构； 2. 前半部分为条件状语从句，用陈述语序； 3. 后半部分为主句，常用将来时或情态动词表示结果； 4. 比较级前的the不可省略。 【典型例句】 1. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. （形容词比较级harder，副词比较级greater） 2. The more you read, the more knowledge you will gain.（形容词比较级more） 【高考考点提示】 1. 比较级的正确形式（如多音节词前加more，单音节词变比较级的规则变化）； 2. the的省略错误（前后比较级前均需加the）； 3. 时态搭配（从句常用一般现在时表将来，主句用将来时）。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. （2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷模拟）______ he decides to do will get our support as long as it is legal and moral. 答案：Whatever 解析：考查Whatever引导的主语从句。空格处需填连接词引导主语从句，且在从句中作do的宾语；根据句意“无论他决定做什么，只要合法合规就会得到我们的支持”，应填Whatever。注意区分no matter what，其不能引导主语从句，故排除。 2. （2023·北京卷）Every time she ______ (visit) her hometown, she always brings some special snacks for her old friends. 答案：visits 解析：考查Every time引导的时间状语从句的时态。Every time引导时间状语从句时，时态遵循“主现从任”原则，主句为一般现在时，从句也用一般现在时；主语she为第三人称单数，故填visit的第三人称单数形式visits。 3. （2025·江苏高考模拟）The ______ (hard) you practice speaking English, the more fluent your oral English will be. 答案：harder 解析：考查“The + 比较级…, the + 比较级…”结构。该结构表示“越……，就越……”，前后均需用形容词或副词的比较级；hard为单音节词，其比较级为harder，故填harder。 4. （2024·浙江卷）We are willing to help ______ is in need of assistance in this disaster-stricken area. 答案：whoever（或whatever，需结合语境：此处侧重人用whoever，侧重事物用whatever，优先whoever） 解析：考查Whatever类连接词引导的宾语从句。空格处引导宾语从句作help的宾语，且在从句中作主语；根据句意“我们愿意帮助灾区任何需要援助的人/事物”，可填whoever（指人）或whatever（指事物）。此处语境侧重人，故优先填whoever。 5. （2023·全国甲卷模拟）Every time I meet with difficulties in study, my teacher always __________ (encourage) me to keep going. 答案： encourages 解析：考查Every time引导的时间状语从句的时态。主句为一般现在时，根据“主现从任”原则，从句也用一般现在时，故填ecnourages的原形。 6. （2025·广东高考模拟）The ______ (much) you know about the history of the city, the more you will love it. 答案：more 解析：考查“The + 比较级…, the + 比较级…”结构。much的比较级为more，符合该结构的语法要求；句意为“你对这座城市的历史了解得越多，就会越爱它”，故填more。 7. （2024·天津卷）The problem is ______ we can do to improve the current working efficiency. 答案：whatever 解析：考查Whatever引导的表语从句。空格处引导表语从句，且在从句中作do的宾语；根据句意“问题是我们能做什么来提高当前的工作效率”，应填Whatever。注意从句用陈述语序，此处已符合要求。 8. （2023·山东高考模拟）Every time he ______ (travel) abroad, he buys some local souvenirs for his family. 答案：travels 解析：考查Every time引导的时间状语从句的时态。主句为一般现在时，从句遵循“主现从任”原则，用一般现在时；主语he为第三人称单数，故填travel的第三人称单数形式travels。 9. （2025·湖北高考模拟）______ happens, we must stick to our original plan and never give up easily. 答案：Whatever 解析：考查Whatever引导的主语从句。空格处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语；句意为“无论发生什么，我们都必须坚持原计划，绝不轻易放弃”，填Whatever符合句意。no matter what不能引导主语从句，故不选。 10. （2024·全国乙卷）The ______ (careful) you are in the exam, the fewer mistakes you will make. 答案：more careful 解析：考查“The + 比较级…, the + 比较级…”结构。careful为多音节形容词，其比较级需在前面加more；句意为“考试时你越细心，犯的错误就越少”，符合该结构的用法，故填more careful。 Part 3：重点语法：过去分词做状语 【情境导入·引发思考】 阅读以下两组句子，对比分析每组中两个句子的表达差异，思考划线部分的作用： 第一组： A. She was embarrassed by the mistake and stood there silently. （改编自课文《Absolutely Agony》相关语境） B. Embarrassed by the mistake, she stood there silently. （改编自课文《Absolutely Agony》相关语境） 第二组： A. When he was asked about the embarrassing experience, he refused to talk. （改编自课文《Absolutely Agony》相关语境） B. Asked about the embarrassing experience, he refused to talk. （改编自课文《Absolutely Agony》相关语境） 【思考问题】 1. 每组中A句和B句的句意是否相同？ 2. B句中划线部分是什么形式？它在句中起到了什么作用？ 3. 对比A句，B句的表达有什么优势？ 【思考问题答案】 1. 每组中 A 句和 B 句的句意相同。两组句子均围绕同一核心事件（第一组 “因错误感到尴尬而沉默站立”，第二组 “被问及尴尬经历时拒绝交谈”）展开，仅表达形式不同，核心语义一致。 2. B 句中划线部分是过去分词短语（第一组：Embarrassed by the mistake；第二组：Asked about the embarrassing experience）。作用：作状语，补充说明主句动作发生的背景 —— 第一组 “Embarrassed by the mistake” 表原因，解释 “she stood there silently” 的原因；第二组 “Asked about the embarrassing experience” 表时间，说明 “he refused to talk” 发生的时间场景。 3. 对比 A 句，B 句的表达优势： ① 更简洁：A 句是并列句（第一组）或含时间状语从句的复合句（第二组），需重复主语和 be 动词；B 句用过去分词短语作状语，省略了重复的主语和 be 动词，句式更简洁紧凑。 ② 更突出核心动作：B 句将背景信息（原因 / 时间）以状语形式前置，使主句核心动作（stood there silently /refused to talk）成为句子重心，逻辑更清晰。 【自主探究·梳理规律】 探究一：过去分词作状语的核心作用 结合导入环节的句子及以下例句，思考过去分词作状语能补充说明哪些背景信息： 1. Given more time to prepare for the speech, he wouldn't have made so many mistakes. （结合课文演讲相关语境） 2. Though laughed at by his classmates for his accent, he kept practicing spoken English. （改编自课文《Absolutely Agony》口音相关语境） 3. She walked into the classroom, followed by her new deskmate mentioned in the text. （结合课文同学相处相关语境） 我的发现：过去分词作状语可补充说明动作的__条件__、__让步__、__伴随__等背景信息，修饰谓语动词。 探究二：过去分词作状语的逻辑关系及标志词 给下列句子中的过去分词短语标注对应的逻辑关系（时间、原因、条件、让步、方式/伴随），并找出句中的标志词（若有）： 1. When asked about the most embarrassing moment in his life, the student shared a story from the text. （逻辑关系：__时间__；标志词：__When__） 2. Encouraged by his teacher after the failure, he decided to try again. 逻辑关系：__原因__；标志词：__Because（可省略）__ 3. Unless dealt with properly, the embarrassing situation will get worse. 逻辑关系：__条件__；标志词：__Unless__） 4. He talked about his experience, surrounded by his curious classmates. 逻辑关系：__伴随__；标志词：__无__） ◆我的总结◆ 过去分词作状语常见的逻辑关系有__时间、原因、条件、让步、方式/伴随__，其中表示__时间__、__原因__、__条件__、__让步__的逻辑关系时，可搭配对应的连词作为标志词，且标志词可省略。 探究三：过去分词作状语的注意事项 分析以下几组正误句，结合语境探究错误原因，总结注意事项： 【第一组】 （√）正确句：Seen from the audience's seat, the speaker's nervous expression was obvious. （×）错误句：Seeing from the audience's seat, the speaker's nervous expression was obvious. 错误原因：逻辑主语不一致，seeing的逻辑主语应是人，而主句主语是the speaker's nervous expression，且二者不构成主动关系，应改为过去分词Seen 【第二组】 （√）正确句：Not invited to the party, she felt upset. （×）错误句：Invited not to the party, she felt upset. 错误原因：过去分词的否定形式错误，否定词not应放在过去分词之前，应改为Not invited 【第三组】 （√）正确句：The task finished, we went out to relax. （×）错误句：Finished the task, we went out to relax. 错误原因：逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时未用独立主格结构，finished的逻辑主语是the task，主句主语是we，应改为The task finished ◆我的总结◆ 1. 过去分词的逻辑主语通常是__主句的主语__，且二者需构成__被动__关系； 2. 否定形式为__Not + 过去分词__； 3. 当逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时，需用__独立主格__结构。 【知识梳理·体系构建】 结合以上探究，完善下列过去分词作状语的用法框架： 1. 核心作用：修饰谓语动词，补充说明动作发生的时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随等背景信息，使表达更简洁流畅 2. 常见逻辑关系及标志词：常见逻辑关系有时间、原因、条件、让步、方式/伴随；时间、原因、条件、让步可分别搭配when/while/before/after、because/as、if/unless、though/although等标志词，标志词可省略 3. 典型结构： ①基础结构：过去分词短语 + 主句（逗号分隔）； Embarrassed by the mistake, she stood there silently. ②带标志词结构：标志词 + 过去分词短语 + 主句； When asked about the embarrassing experience, he refused to talk. ③独立主格结构：名词/代词 + 过去分词 + 主句 The embarrassing problem solved, he felt relaxed. 4. 注意事项： ①逻辑主语一致，过去分词逻辑主语通常为主句主语，且构成被动关系； ②否定形式为：Not + 过去分词：Not invited to the party, she felt upset. ③逻辑主语不一致时用独立主格结构； ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 用括号内动词的适当形式填空（结合2019外研版必修三Unit 1语境及高考模拟题改编） 1. （2024·全国新课标Ⅰ卷模拟）________（defeat）many times in the speech competition, he still didn't lose confidence in improving his spoken English. 答案：Defeated 解析：he与defeat构成被动关系，此处作让步状语，用过去分词形式；句中many times呼应课文中多次尝试的语境。 2. （2023·北京卷模拟）When ________（ask）about the embarrassing experience in the text, he kept silent and didn't say a word. 答案：asked 解析：he与ask构成被动关系，此处作时间状语，when后省略了he was，用过去分词形式，贴合课文分享经历的语境。 3. （2025·江苏高考模拟）________（give）enough care and guidance, the students will avoid many embarrassing mistakes. 答案：Given 解析：the students与give构成被动关系，此处作条件状语，用过去分词形式，呼应课文中老师指导学生的语境。 4. （课文改编）________（embarrass）by his wrong pronunciation, he didn't dare to speak in class. 答案：Embarrassed 解析：he与embarrass构成被动关系，此处作原因状语，用过去分词形式，贴合课文中发音失误的尴尬场景。 5. （2024·浙江卷模拟）Though ________（laugh）at for his accent, he insisted on practicing English every day. 答案：laughed 解析：he与laugh构成被动关系，此处作让步状语，though后省略了he was，用过去分词形式，呼应课文中口音相关的语境。 6. （课文改编）He walked into the classroom, ________（follow）by the teacher who wanted to talk about his mistake. 答案：followed 解析：he与follow构成被动关系，此处作伴随状语，用过去分词形式，贴合课文中老师找学生谈话的场景。 7. （2023·全国甲卷模拟）________（not invite）to the class party, she felt a little left out. 答案：Not invited 解析：she与invite构成被动关系，此处作原因状语，否定形式为Not + 过去分词，符合过去分词作状语的否定规则。 8. （课文改编）________（deal）with properly, the embarrassing situation won't affect the students' friendship. 答案：Dealt 解析：the embarrassing situation与deal构成被动关系，此处作条件状语，用过去分词形式，贴合课文中处理尴尬场景的语境。 9. （2025·山东高考模拟）When ________（tell）to correct his mistake, he nodded and promised to do it at once. 答案：told 解析：he与tell构成被动关系，此处作时间状语，when后省略了he was，用过去分词形式，符合语法规则。 10. （课文改编）________（surround）by his classmates, he shared his experience of overcoming embarrassing moments. 答案：Surrounded 解析：he与surround构成被动关系，此处作伴随状语，用过去分词形式，贴合课文中分享经历的场景。 3 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $