Unit 4 Section 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（译林版）

[对应知能达标训练P23] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Barbara McClintock was one of the most important scientists of the twentieth century.She made important discoveries about genes (基因) and chromosomes (染色体). Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford，Connecticut.Her family moved to the Brooklyn area of New York City in 1908.Barbara was an active child with interests in sports and music.She also developed an interest in science. She studied science at Cornell University in Ithaca，New York.Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921.Years later，she noted that few college students wanted to study genetics. Barbara McClintock decided to study botany，the scientific study of plants，at Cornell University.She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923.McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell.She completed a master's degree in 1925.Two years later，she finished all her requirements for a doctorate degree. McClintock stayed at Cornell after she completed her education.She taught students botany.The 1930s were not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States.The country was in the middle of the great economic Depression.Millions of Americans were unemployed.Male scientists were offered jobs.But female geneticists were not much in demand. An old friend from Cornell，Marcus Rhoades，invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941 working at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.It is a research center on Long Island，near New York City.McClintock started in a temporary (临时的) job with the genetics department.A short time later，she accepted a permanent (永久的) position with the laboratory.This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid. By the 1970s，her discoveries had had an effect on everything from genetic engineering to cancer research.McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes.She was the first American woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize. [解题导语]　本文为人物介绍，主要讲述了著名的女科学家巴巴拉·麦克林托克的经历和贡献。 1．When did McClintock receive a doctorate degree? A．In 1921.　 B．In 1923. C．In 1925.　 D．In 1927. 解析　D　细节理解题。由第四段最后两句“She completed a master's degree in 1925.Two years later，she finished all her requirments for a doctorate degree”可知，麦克林托克是在1927年取得博士学位的。 2．Which of the following may be most beneficial to McClintock's research? A．The work of a botany teacher at Cornell. B．The active interest in science. C．The permanent job with the laboratory. D．The training in cancer research. 解析　C　推理判断题。由倒数第二段最后两句“A short time later，she accepted a permanent position with the laboratory.This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid”可推知，在实验室的固定工作对她最有帮助，使她能够专心做研究，直到后来取得重大发现。 3．What made it possible for McClintock to win the Nobel Prize? A．Her research in botany. B．Her contribution to cancer research. C．Her discover in genetics. D．Her influence on genetic engineering. 解析　C　细节理解题。由最后一段第二句“McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes”可知，她在基因与染色体方面的发现使她获得了诺贝尔奖。 4．What do we know about genetics from the text? A．Genetics was not a popular subject in the 1920s. B．Geneticists were in great demand in the 1930s. C．Genetic research required constant financial support. D．Most genetic discoveries were made by McClintock. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921.Years later，she noted that few college students wanted to study genetics”可知，在20世纪20年代很少有学生学习遗传学，由此可知遗传学在当时并不流行。 B Born in Guangzhou in October 1936，Zhong Nanshan is one of the greatest doctors in China，as well as an academic at the Chinese Academy of Engineering.After graduating from Medical College in Beijing in 1960，he worked as a teacher. For years as a leading Chinese specialist in respiratory (呼吸道) diseases，Zhong was well-known，but the outbreak of SARS has turned him into a household name across the country.Zhong was one of a limited number of doctors informed of the disease from the moment the first few cases were reported through the inner medical network in Guangdong.He and his colleagues had been busy fighting it for more than a month before he appeared at the press conference in Guangzhou.Under his guidance，an effective treatment method was discovered not long after，and Guangdong achieved the lowest death rate and highest recovery rate for SARS in China. In 2010，in order to reform medical education and cultivate (培养) more medical talents，Zhong interviewed and selected students for a 32-student “Nanshan class”．Zhong worked as a headteacher.The class aimed to provide more hands-on training，student-teacher interaction and international viewpoints than the average course.Chinese medical students are often taught in big groups and seldom get the chance to perform clinical practice.“I hope that all of you can have more contact with patients from the very beginning.We should make ourselves practical and creative，not just fluent English-speakers who work as high-ranking employees in foreign laboratories，” Zhong said at the course opening ceremony. Zhong's working attitude left a deep impression on his colleagues.“What impresses me most is his double-tube stethoscope (听诊器).Compared with other ones，it's much heavier，but it works more precisely，so Mr.Zhong carries it with him wherever he goes，” said Li Huiling，a post-doctorate fellow at the respiratory diseases research center in Guangzhou. [解题导语]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍一位伟大的中国医生——钟南山，并介绍他的工作经历及工作态度。 5．What did Zhong and his colleagues achieve under his guidance? A．They reported the first SARS case. B．They held a successful press conference. C．They found a way to treat SARS. D．They achieved zero death rate for SARS. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段“He and his colleagues had been busy fighting it for more than a month before he appeared at the press conference in Guangzhou.Under his guidance，an effective treatment method was discovered not long after，and Guangdong achieved the lowest death rate and highest recovery rate for SARS in China.(他和同事们已经忙了一个多月，才出现在广州的新闻发布会上。在他的指导下，不久后发现了一种有效的治疗方法，广东实现了中国SARS最低死亡率和最高康复率。)”可知，钟南山和同事们找到治疗SARS的方法，故选C。 6．Why did Zhong open a “Nanshan class”？ A．To train more excellent talents. B．To interview students in person. C．To make students taught in groups. D．To help students enter foreign labs. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第三段“In 2010，in order to reform medical education and cultivate (培养) more medical talents，Zhong interviewed and selected students for a 32-student ‘Nanshan class’．(2010年，为了改革医学教育，培养更多的医学人才，钟南山面试并挑选了32名‘南山班’的学生。)”可知，钟南山开设‘南山班’是为了培养更多优秀的医学人才，故选A。 7．What can we infer from Li Huiling's words? A．Zhong got well on with his colleagues. B．Li Huiling impressed Zhong most. C．Zhong liked heavier stethoscopes. D．Zhong worked hard and carefully. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Zhong's working attitude left a deep impression on his colleagues.‘What impresses me most is his double-tube stethoscope (听诊器).Compared with other ones，it's much heavier，but it works more precisely，so Mr.Zhong carries it with him wherever he goes，’ said Li Huiling，a post-doctorate fellow at the respiratory diseases research center in Guangzhou.(钟先生的工作态度给同事们留下了深刻的印象。广州呼吸系统疾病研究中心的博士后研究员李慧玲说：‘最让我印象深刻的是他的双管听诊器。与其他的相比，它重得多，但它起到更精确的作用，所以钟先生无论走到哪里都会随身携带它。’)”可知，通过李慧玲的话，我们知道钟南山的工作态度让工作人员印象深刻。钟先生工作非常努力，并认真、精确，故选D。 8．Where is the text probably from? A．A guide book.　 B．A TV series. C．A news report.　 D．A book review. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第一段“Born in Guangzhou in October 1936，Zhong Nanshan is one of the greatest doctors in China，as well as an academic at the Chinese Academy of Engineering.After graduating from Medical College in Beijing in 1960，he worked as a teacher.(钟南山1936年10月出生于广州，是中国最伟大的医生之一，也是中国工程院的学者。1960年从北京医学院毕业后，当了一名教师。)”可知，文章主要介绍一名伟大的中国医生——钟南山，及他的工作经历。故推知文章是介绍医学界著名人物的新闻报道，故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 What is the nature of the scientific attitude，the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics，biology，chemistry，geology，engineering，medicine or any other science？We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. 1 The first of these is the application of the machines，products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop.Through technology，science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment. The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.What are these special methods of thinking and acting? 2 —he wants to find out how and why the universe works.He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation，and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover，he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.He is a good observer，accurate，patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. 3 For example，trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.He is skeptical—he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available—and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. 4 Lastly，he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. 5 These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts. A．First of all，it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity B．To begin with，he is not only critical of the work of others，but also of his own C．Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them. D．Furthermore，he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place. E．He knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation. F．He uses the facts he observes to the fullest extent. G．Many people believe，however，that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. [解题导语]　本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了科学态度的本质及科学家的思考和行动方法。 1．解析　G　根据下文的“The first of these is...(第一方面是……)”及“The second aspect is...(第二方面是……)”可知，G项“然而，许多人认为我们的进步取决于科学的两个不同方面”引起下文，与上文“We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live.(我们都知道，科学在我们所生活的社会中扮演着重要的角色。)”是转折关系。故选G。 2．解析　A　上段末尾“What are these special methods of thinking and acting？( 这些特殊的思考和行动方法是什么？)”提出一个问题：科学家在工作中使用的特殊的思考和行动方法是什么？结合下文“he wants to find out how and why the universe works(他想知道宇宙是如何运作的，以及为什么会这样)”可知，A项“首先，一个成功的科学家似乎都充满了好奇心”符合语境，因此破折号后是具体解释。故选A。 3．解析　F　根据空前“He is a good observer，accurate，patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes.(他是一个优秀的观察者，准确、耐心和客观，并将逻辑思维应用于他所做的观察)”及空后的举例“For example，trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.(例如，训练有素的观测者主要通过对光谱中出现的简单线条的准确分析来获得关于一颗恒星的大量信息)”可知，F项“他最大限度地利用他所观察到的事实”符合语境，下文举例说明。故选F。 4．解析　C　根据空前“He is skeptical—he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available—and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth.(他是怀疑论者——他不接受那些没有以最完整的证据为基础的陈述——因此拒绝把权威作为真理的唯一基础)”可知，科学家是怀疑论者，C项“科学家总是检查各种说法，认真客观地做实验来验证它们”符合语境。故选C。 5．解析　D　根据空前“Lastly，he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete.(最后，他的想象力非常丰富，因为他经常要在复杂而且往往不完整的数据中寻找关系)”可知，科学家的想象力丰富，D项“此外，如果他想对过程如何运作和事件如何发生作出假设，他就需要想象力”符合语境。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $