Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit&Reading-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（译林版）

该高中英语课件以“改变世界的科学家”为主题，围绕屠呦呦发现青蒿素的事迹展开，通过话题金句积累、单元话题导入（BBC人物评选背景）、语篇阅读及词汇语法解析，构建从语言输入到输出的完整学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养，如核心词汇精研（survival、intend等）和语法解构（强调句型、with复合结构）提升语言运用能力，屠呦呦事迹展现中医智慧与科学精神增强家国情怀。思维品质通过语篇理解问题（如推断“All sufferings have their reward”）引导分析，学习能力环节（课时精练、互动探究）助力主动学习。学生能提升综合语言能力，教师可依托系统资源高效教学。

Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 背话题金句，写高分文章 1．With nothing left in the cupboard，she went out to get something to eat. 因为家里橱柜里没有吃的了，她出去买些吃的。 2．It was not until she took off her sunglasses that I realized that she was one of my classmates. 直到她摘下眼镜，我才意识到她是我的一个同班同学。 3．If I had been there，I would have quarreled with him. 如果我当时在场的话，我就会和他吵起来。 4．The man took it for granted that he was the best. 这位男士想当然地认为他是最好的。 单元话题导入 ☞ She looked back as well as forward As part of the program charged with① finding a treatment for malaria②， Tu was inspired by an ancient Chinese text which said sweet wormwood③ was used to tackle④ intermittent⑤ fevers (a hallmark of malaria) around 400 AD． ☞ She saw her work cross a divided world With half the world’s population at risk⑥ from malaria，Tu and artemisinin’s⑦ vast impact cannot be underestimated⑧. As her Nobel Prize summary states⑨ her work has “led to the survival and improved health of millions of people.” 单元话题导入 语篇导读： 2019年1月初，英国广播公司 (BBC)新闻网新版块偶像 (ICON)栏目发起20世纪最伟大人物评选。中国首位诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主屠呦呦与物理学家居里夫人 (Maria Curie)、物理学家爱因斯坦 (Albert Einstein)以及数学家艾伦·图灵 (Alan Turing)共同进入候选人名单。在屠呦呦的页面上，BBC列出了她入选的理由。 单元话题导入 阅读助手： ①charge... with使……承担责任，赋予……责任 ②malaria n. 疟疾 ③wormwood n. [植] 苦艾 ④tackle v. 应付，解决 ⑤intermittent adj. 间歇的 ⑥at risk处于危险中 ⑦artemisinin n. 青蒿素(抗疟药) ⑧underestimate v. 低估，对……估计不足；轻视，小看(某人) ⑨state v．宣布，表述 Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading 内容索引 整体预习 1 语篇理解 2 课时精练 5 夯实双基 3 互动探究 4 整体预习 返回 原文呈现 Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize By Dina Conner 11 December 2015 Tu Youyou has become the first female①scientist of the People’s Republic② of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution③ to the fight against malaria④， one of the deadliest⑤ diseases in human history．【1】 Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu，malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of⑥ survival⑦. 【1】one of the deadliest diseases... 作malaria的同位语，对malaria进行解释说明。 ①female adj. 女性的，妇女的 ②republic n．共和国，共和政体 ③contribution n. 贡献，促成作用；捐款 ④malaria n．疟疾 ⑤deadly adj致命的；十足的，彻底的 ⑥have a chance of 有机会 ⑦survival n．生存，存 活；残存物，幸存事物 名师圈点 原文呈现 Born in 1930，in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province⑧， Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. After graduation，she worked at the Academy⑨ of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She completed further⑩ training courses in traditional Chinese medicine，acquiring, a broad- knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.【2】 【2】acquiring a．.. 动词-ing形式作状语。 ⑧province n．省，省份 ⑨academy n. 专科院校；研究院，学会 ⑩further adj. 更多的，更进一步的 vt.促进，增进 adv.较远，更远，进一步 ,acquire v. 获得，得到；学 到，习得 -broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的 名师圈点 原文呈现 Tu’s education was soon to prove very useful. In the 1960s，many people were dying of malaria，and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended. to find a cure for the disease．【3】 She collected over 2，000 traditional Chinese medical recipes/ for malaria treatment0 and made hundreds of extracts1 from different herbs2. When they failed to produce any promising3 results，Tu 【3】that引导定语从句修饰先行词a team。 .intend vt. & vi.想要，计划；意指 /recipe n．食谱；方法，秘诀 0treatment n．对待；治疗 1extract n．提取物；选录 vt.提取；选录；取 出；设法得到 2herb n．药草，香草；草本 3promising adj. 有希望 的，有前途的 名师圈点 原文呈现 referred to4 the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. Inspired5 by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，【4】Tu redesigned the experiments6 and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective7 part. On 4 October 1971，after 190 failures，she succeeded in8 making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice．【5】 【4】inspired by... 过去分词短语作状语。 【5】that引导定语从句，修饰先行词qinghao extract。 4refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 5inspire v. 激励，鼓 舞；赋予灵感 6experiment n. 实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi. 做试验，进行实验；尝试 7effective adj.有效的 8succeed in成功做某事 名师圈点 原文呈现 However，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials9 because research resources: were limited; .Tu and her team managed to find solutions< to the problem. When there was no research equipment，they had to extract herbs using household= water containers> . They worked day and night? and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions，but they never gave up@. 9trial n．试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.&vt.测试，试验 :resource n. 自然资源；资源(指钱、 物、人等) ;limited adj.有限的 <solution n. (问题、困难等的)解决办法 =household adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的 n．一家人，家庭 >container n．容器；集装箱，货柜 ?day and night夜以继日 @give up放弃 名师圈点 原文呈现 Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced，【6】 however，they still faced another problem. The trials on patients were likely toA be postponedB because they did not have sufficientC safety dataD. To speed upE the processF and ensureG its safety，【7】 Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first. 【6】“with ＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，复合结构作状语，过去分词produced作宾语补足语。 【7】动词不定式短语作目的状语。 Abe likely to 可能 Bpostpone vt.延迟，延期 Csufficient adj.足够的，充足的 Ddata n．数据，资料，材料 Espeed up (使)加速 Fprocess n．过程；进程步骤，流程vt.加工，处理 Gensure vt.确保 名师圈点 原文呈现 The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid offH . In November 1972，through trial and errorI， they successfully discovered qinghaosu — the most effective part of the qinghao extract. As a key part of many malaria medicines，qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients. More than 40 years after its discovery，Tu was eventuallyJ awarded a Nobel Prize for her work. In Hpay off 成功，奏效，达到目的 Ierror n．错误，差错 Jeventually adv. 最终，结果 名师圈点 原文呈现 her Nobel Lecture，she encouraged scientists to further exploreK the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level. Perhaps the next generation of scientists，drawing onL the wisdomM of traditional Chinese medicine，will indeed discover more medicines beneficialN to global health care. Kexplore v．探索，探究 Ldraw on利用；吸收；戴上；临近 Mwisdom n．智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智 Nbeneficial adj.有益的，有用的 名师圈点 译文参考 中国科学家荣获2015年诺贝尔奖 迪娜·康纳 2015年12月11日 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她为抗击疟疾所做出的贡献——疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。得益于她发现的青蒿素，如今全世界疟疾患者的存活率大大提高。 1930年，屠呦呦出生于浙江宁波。1951年至1955年，屠呦呦在北京读大学，学习药学。毕业后，她在中医研究院工作。她完成了中医领域的培训课程深造，获得了广泛的中西医知识。 屠呦呦接受的教育很快被证明非常有用。20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾，于是1969年屠呦呦担任了一个旨在找到疟疾疗法的小组组长。她收集了2 000多种治疗疟疾的中药配方，并从不同的草药中获取了数百种提取物。当这些未能取得任何有希望的效果时，屠呦呦就再次查阅中医典籍。在一本1 600多年前的典籍中，关于用冷水制备青蒿提取物的记载给了屠呦呦启发，她重新设计了试验，并尝试在低温下对这种草药进行提取，以不损害其有效成分。1971年10月4日，在历经190次失败之后，她成功制备出可以治疗老鼠疟疾的青蒿提取物。 然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。屠呦呦团队成功找到了解决这个问题的方法。当时没有研究设备，他们只好用家用储水的容器来提取草药。他们夜以继日地工作，由于条件恶劣，他们的健康开始受损，但却从未放弃。 然而，即使制造了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另外一个问题。由于没有足够的安全数据，对患者的试验可能会推迟。为了加快进度并保证其安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在他们自己身上试验青蒿提取物。 屠呦呦团队的努力最终得到了回报。1972年11月，经过反复试验，他们成功发现了青蒿素——青蒿提取物中最有效的成分。作为许多抗疟药物中的关键成分，青蒿素迄今已经造福了近2亿疟疾患者。在发现青蒿素40多年后，屠呦呦终于因此获得了诺贝尔奖。在她的获奖演讲上，屠呦呦鼓励科学家们进一步探索中医这座宝库，并让其更上一层楼。也许新一代的科学家汲取中医的智慧，确实能发现更多有益于全世界医疗的药物。 返回 语篇理解 返回 一、整体理解 1．What’s the main idea of the whole passage？ A．Chinese scientist Tu Youyou’s career. B．Chinese scientist Tu Youyou and her team. C．Chinese scientist Tu Youyou’s lecture. D．Chinese scientist Tu Youyou and the discovery of qinghaosu. √ 2．Match the paragraphs with the main ideas. (1)Part 1 (Para. 1)______ (2)Part 2 (Para. 2)______ (3)Part 3 (Paras. 3－5)______ (4)Part 4 (Para. 6)______ A．The brief introduction of Tu Youyou. B．Tu Youyou－the first female Chinese Nobel Prize winner. C．The problems and solutions during extracting qinghaosu. D．Succeeding in isolating qinghaosu and winning the Nobel Prize. B A C D 二、细节理解 Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．What’s Tu Youyou’s major at university？ A．Science and nature. B．Agriculture. C．Chinese medicine. D．Chemistry. √ 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？ A．Tu Youyou only knows the traditional Chinese medicine. B．Tu and her team discovered qinghaosu easily and smoothly. C．Qinghaosu was discovered after many difficulties. D．Tu was awarded the Nobel Prize as soon as qinghaosu was discovered. 3．What can be inferred from the passage？ A．All sufferings have their reward. B．There is no royal road to learning. C．A man becomes learned by asking questions. D．It is never too old to learn. √ √ 4．Where is the passage probably taken from？ A．Fashion magazine. B．Travel brochure. C．Medicine report. D．A news report in a newspaper. √ 三、思维品质升华 What significant roles has traditional Chinese medicine played in Tu’s success？ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Firstly，Tu’s educational background—a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine enabled her to find a cure for malaria. Secondly，abundant traditional Chinese medical recipes gave her plenty of choices. Thirdly，traditional Chinese medical classics inspired her. 四、难句解构 1．Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 句式分析　本句是简单句。句中动词不定式短语 to receive a Nobel Prize作后置定语，修饰名词scientist；过去分词短语awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria作______，修饰名词a Nobel Prize；名词短语one of the deadliest diseases in human history是 malaria 的________。 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 定语 同位语 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学 家。她获奖是因为她在抗 击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。 2．Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. 句式分析　本句为简单句。句中 Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water为过去分词短语作______，in order not to damage its effective part为动词不定式结构作状语。 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 状语 据一本 1 600 多年前的古籍记载，古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物，受此启发，屠呦呦重新设计了实验，为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。 返回 3．Perhaps the next generation of scientists，drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine，will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. 句式分析　本句为简单句。句中drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine为动词-ing形式作______，修饰名词 scientists。 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ ___________________ 定语 也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧，确实会发现更多有益于全球医疗的药物。 夯实双基 返回 核心单词 1．a _______ disease 　　　　 一种致命疾病 2．a ______ street 宽广的街道 3．conduct an __________ 做一项实验 4．be on _____ 试用 5．_________ evidence 充足的证据 6．_________ the meeting 推迟会议 deadly broad experiment trial sufficient postpone 拓展单词 1．________ v. 生存；幸存 →survival n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物 →survivor n. 幸存者 2．_______ vi. & vt. 想要，计划；意指 →intention n．打算，计划 3．______ v．查阅，参考；提到，谈及 →reference n．提到，谈及；参考，查阅；参考书目 4．______ n．限度；极限；范围 →limited adj. 有限的 survive intend refer limit 5．_______ v．容纳 →container n．容器；集装箱，货柜 6．______ adj. 明智的 →wisely adv. 明智地 →wisdom n．才智；明智；知识，学问，智慧 7．_______ n．优势；益处 →beneficial adj. 有益的，有用的 8．________ vt.&vi.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 →conductor n．指挥 contain wise benefit conduct 重点短语 第一组　汉译英 1．反复试验，不断摸索　　 　 ______________________ 2．查阅，参考；提到，谈及 ____________ 3．幸亏……，由于，因为 ____________ 4．(使)加速 ____________ 5．成功，奏效，达到目的 ____________ through/by trial and error refer to thanks to... speed up pay off 第二组　英译汉 6．succeed in (doing) sth. ____________ 7．day and night ____________ 8．large amounts of... ____________ 9．acquire a broad knowledge of... ________________________ 10．draw on... ____________ 11．health care ____________ 12．make good use of... ______________ 成功做某事 夜以继日 大量的…… 获得广泛有关……的知识 利用，凭借 医疗保健 充分利用…… 典型句式 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．with 复合结构 Even ____________________________________________(有大量的青蒿提取物被制造出来)，however，they still faced another problem. 2．It is...that...强调句型 However，__________________________(直到20世纪70年代) Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments. with large amounts of the qinghao extract produced it was not until the 1970s that 返回 互动探究 返回 survival n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物 (教材原句)Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu，malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. 由于她发现了青蒿素，世界各地的疟疾患者现在有了极大的生存机会。 (1)survive vt.& vi.　 生还；残存；比……活的时间长 survive on... 仅靠……维持生计 survive sb. by... 比某人多活…… (2)survivor n. 生存者；残存者；幸存者 佳句背诵　If you develop AIDS，your chance of survival is very small. 如果你得了艾滋病，生存的概率会很小。 核心词汇精研 1 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①She survived her husband ____ twenty years. ②Luckily，most of the passengers got rescued and ________(survive)the terrible accident. ③Millions of people survive ____ a very limited diet. 能力提升——微写作 ④如果癌症早被发现，存活的概率就高。 If cancers are spotted early，_____________________________. by survived on there’s a high chance of survival 语境串记　As we know，a safety seat belt can make sure of a high chance of survival in car crashes and luckily，I survived the terrible car crash last week as the only survivor of the accident. 众所周知，安全带可确保在汽车碰撞中有极高的生存机率。幸运的是，我上周发生了车祸活了下来，我是唯一的幸存者。 intend vi. & vt.想要，计划；意指 (教材原句)In the 1960s，many people were dying of malaria，and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. 20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾。1969年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。 2 (1)intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 (2)intended adj. 打算的；计划的 be intended for... 为……打算(或设计)的 be intended to do... 打算做…… (3)intention n. 意图，目的；企图 with the intention of 有……的打算/目的 have no intention of doing sth. ＝have no intention to do sth. 无意做某事 without intention 无意地，不是故意地 佳句背诵　I intend that you (should)be invited by them. 我打算让他们邀请你。 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①He went to Paris with the ________(intend)of learning French. ②He intends his son __________(manage)the company. ③This is a new book ________(intend)for little children. 能力提升——微写作 ④当你到了这个地方你打算干什么？ ____________________________ when you get to this place？ 语境串记　The rich man went abroad with the intention of trying his fortune，while the poor man intended to learn some skills of earning money. 富人去了国外意在寻求财富，而穷人却打算学一些挣钱的技能。 intention to manage intended What do you intend doing/to do refer to查阅，参考；提到，谈及 (教材原句)When they failed to produce any promising results，Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. 当它们未能产生预期效果时，屠呦呦再次查阅历代中医典籍。 (1)refer... to...　　　 把……提交给…… refer to... as... 把……看作…… (2)reference n. 参考，查阅；提到，谈及；介绍信，介绍人 make (a)reference to 谈及，提及；参考 in/with reference to 关于 reference book 参考书；工具书 3 佳句背诵　In his speech，he referred to a recent trip to Canada. 在他的讲话中，他提到了最近的加拿大之行。 名师点津 “查词典”，表达方式为：refer to a dictionary，look sth. up in the dictionary，consult a dictionary 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①He made no _________(refer)to his illness but only to his future plans. ②Marcia had referred to him ___ a dear friend. ③I have nothing to say _______ reference to that case. 能力提升——微写作 ④李宁被称为中国最伟大的运动员之一。 Li Ning ______________ one of the greatest athletes in China. reference as in/with is referred to as limited adj.有限的 (教材原句)However，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. 然而，由于研究资源有限，难以生产出足够的青蒿提取物进行大型试验。 (1)limit vt. & n.　　　 限制；限度，限制 limit... to... 把……限定在…… be limited to 局限于…… there is a limit to... ……是有限度的 (2)limitless adj. 无限制的，无止境的 (3)limitation n. 限制；局限 佳句背诵　Film is a business with limited opportunities for actresses. 电影业对女演员来说机会有限。 4 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①We are doing our best with the _______(limit)resources available. ②The teacher limited his students ____ 500 words for their compositions. ③There is ___ limit to the amount of pain we can bear. 能力提升——微写作 ④此次减价时间有限。 This offer _______________________. limited to a is for a limited period only 语境串记 A man’s life is limited，but there is no limit to serving the people so I will devote my limited life to the limitless job of serving the people. 人的一生是有限的，但为人民服务是无限的，所以我要用有限的生命投入到无限的为人民服务中去。 speed up (使)加速 (教材原句)To speed up the process and ensure its safety，Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first. 为了加快进程并确保安全，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在自己身上测试青蒿提取物。 at a/the speed of...　　 以……的速度 at low/high/full/top speed 以低/高/全/最高速 with all speed 以全速 pick up speed 加速 佳句背诵　Plenty of fresh air and exercise will speed up his recovery. 充足的新鲜空气和体育锻炼将加速他的康复。 5 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Once outside the station，the train began to speed ____ . ②A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，especially if you are travelling ___ high speed. ③This flight is now heading for Paris at ______ speed of 1，000 kilometres an hour. 能力提升——微写作 ④我已经采取措施加快解决这个问题。 I had already taken steps _______________________________. up at a/the to speed up a solution to the problem pay off成功，奏效，达到目的 (教材原句)The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. 屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。 pay off　　 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清，还清 pay for 为……付钱；为……付出代价 pay back 还钱；报复 佳句背诵　They doubted whether all this work would pay off. 他们怀疑这样干是否划得来。 名师点津 pay off表示“得到回报”时，无被动语态，且一般用表示事物的名词作主语；表示“偿清”时，用人作主语。 6 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The efforts made by Jack and his parents ______(pay)off after a decade. ②Can you lend me some money？I’ll pay you ______ on Friday. 能力提升——微写作 ③他们的努力最终有了回报。 Their efforts _________________. paid back paid off in the end beneficial adj.有益的，有用的 (教材原句)Perhaps the next generation of scientists，drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine，will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. 也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧，确实会发现更多有益于全球医疗的药物。 (1)be beneficial to　 对……有益，对……有用 (2)benefit v. 对……有用，使受益 n. 益处 benefit from/by 得益于，得利于 be of benefit to 对……有利 for sb.’s benefit＝for the benefit of sb. 为了某人的利益 7 佳句背诵　Being exposed to a foreign culture is beneficial for us to learn the local language. 在外国文化环境中熏陶有利于我们学习当地语言。 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Your advice is very _________(benefit)to me. ②You must study hard ____ the benefit of your own. ③This is an agreement which is ____ great benefit to both parties. ④Both sides have benefited ________ the talks. 能力提升——微写作 ⑤在室内锻炼不如在室外锻炼更有益。 To take exercise indoors is ______________________________ . beneficial for of from/by less beneficial than in the open air 语境串记　I have typed out some lecture notes for the benefit of those people who were absent last week，which I think is beneficial to their learning. The notes will benefit everyone concerned. 我已经打印出了演讲笔记以便利上周缺席的人们，我觉得这对他们的学习有益，这些笔记会有益于每个涉及到的人。 强调句型 (教材原句) However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments. 然而，在经历了数次失败的实验后，直到20世纪70年代屠呦呦才成功发现青蒿素。 重点句型解构 (1)强调句型的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其余部分。 (2)强调句的一般疑问句：Was/Is it＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其余部分？ (3)强调句的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其余部分？ (4)“not... until... ”结构的强调句型：It is/was not until... that... 佳句背诵　It’s not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy. 生活的快乐不在于做自己喜欢的事，而在于喜欢自己不得不做的事。 名师点津　(1)强调句型可以用来强调句中的主语、宾语、状语等，但不能用来强调谓语和定语。 (2)记住句式结构，不管强调人或物都可用that；强调人时可用who。 (3)强调句与定语从句的区别：①强调句的特点：去掉it is/was和that/who后句子结构完整，意义清楚。②时间、地点状语前是否有介词是判断这两种句式的关键。 基础练透——单句语法填空 ①It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _____ we saw Lily in the passenger seat. ②Was ___ because Jack came late for school that Mr.Smith got angry？ ③It is not how much you read but what you read _____ counts. 能力提升——微写作 ④直到他去了美国当交流生才意识到学好英语的重要性。 ____________________________________________________ he realized the importance of learning English well. that it that It was not until he went to America as an exchange student that 随堂演练 维度一　单词拼写 1．The economy of the ________(省份) was not typical because it was particularly small. 2．Let me give another example to ________ (说明) this difficult point. 3．She became a __________(家庭的) name in the 1960s. 4．I’ve never cooked this before so it’s an __________(实验). 5．The _____(数据) are stored in the computer’s memory. province illustrate household experiment data 维度二　单句语法填空 1．She went to this city with the ________(intend) of finding a good job. 2．Take the machine ____ trial for a week. 3．It was an unpopular decision to postpone ________(build) the new hospital. 4．No __________ (refer) to their existence appears in any literature of the period. 5．She recovered ___________ (sufficient) to accompany Chou on his tour of Africa in 1964. intention on building reference sufficiently 返回 维度三　完成句子 1．在夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。 In summer，she usually sleeps ____________________. 2．夜校课程一应俱全，没有理由得不到一些训练。 ____________________________________， there is no excuse for not getting some sort of training. 3．他借助作为一位帆船运动员的经验去做一个纪录片节目。 He ____________________ as a yachtsman to make a documentary program. with the windows open With all the night school courses available drew on his experience 课时精练 返回 维度一　根据汉语提示或首字母填入单词的适当形式。 1．Scientists are conducting separate ____________(实验) to test the effectiveness of the new drug. 2．The president has announced she does not ________(想要) to stand for re-election. 3．Fish struggle for ________(生存) when the water level drops in the lake. 4．On page two of your handout you will find a list of the books that I have ________ (参考) to during the lecture. 基础达标 experiments intend survival referred 5．We are __________ (组织) a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service. 6．Most people only have a _______ (有限的) amount of leisure time. 7．I certainly hope to gain a little w______ as I grow older. 8．Biscuits will stay crisp if you keep them in an airtight c________ . conducting limited isdom ontainer 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1．Scientific research shows that women tend to survive their husbands ____ 5－10 years. 2．The essay contains a number of factual ______ (error). 3．It was foolish of him to refer ____ his notes during that important test. 4．The report will ____________(publish) on the Internet. 5．At worst we’ll have to sell the house to pay ____ our debts. 6．The new rules will be _________(benefit) to every student. 7．I think Mary is a woman of great ________(wise). 8．An animal’s sense of smell is still crucial to it’s ________(survive). by errors to be published off beneficial wisdom survival 维度三　完成句子 1．受我好朋友的启发，我决定去国外学习。(过去分词短语作状语) ________________________， I intended to study abroad. 2．直到接近信的结尾处，她才提到自己的计划。(it was...that强调句型) ______________________________________ she mentioned her own plan. 3．这个女孩的父母不允许她去参加那样的一个活动。(permit) The girl’s parents don’t __________________________________． 4．这种延伸的能力就是大多数人称为的压力。(refer to as) This stretching of capacity is _____________________________． 5．让她知道你有意申请是很公平的。(intend) It’s only fair to let her know that _________________． Inspired by my good friend It was not until near the end of the letter that permit her to take part in such an activity what most people refer to as stress you intend to apply 维度四　课文语法填空 Tu Youyou has become the 1．_____(one) female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，which was awarded to her for her contribution to the fight against malaria.Thanks 2．_____ her discovery of qinghaosu，malaria patients now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. Tu was born in Ningbo and studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. After 3．___________ (graduate)，she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She completed further training courses，4．__________(acquire) a broad knowledge of both Chinese and Western medicine. first to graduation acquiring In 5．_____ 1960s，many people were dying of malaria，and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. When they failed 6．__________(produce) any promising results，Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. 7．________(inspire)by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，she succeeded in making a qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. 8．______________________ research resources and good equipment were limited，Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem. Later，the efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November 1972，they 9．____________(successful) isolated the most effective part of the qinghao extract and named it qinghaosu，for which Tu 10．____________(award) the Nobel Prize in 2015. the to produce Inspired Although/While/Though successfully was awarded 素能提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A US scientists say they have poured cold water on the theory that washing hands with hot water kills more germs (细菌) than unheated water. The small study of 20 people found using water at 15℃ (59F) left hands as clean as water heated to 38℃ (100F). National Health Service (NHS) recommends that people wash their hands in either cold or warm water. In this study，scientists at Rutgers University—New Brunswick wanted to find out if popular assumptions (假设) about the benefits of warm or hot water and official guidance on hot water—given to the food industry in the US—held true. They asked 20 people to wash their hands 20 times each with water that was 15℃ (59F)，26℃ (79F) or 38℃ (100F). Volunteers were also asked to experiment with varying amounts of soap. Before they started the tests，their hands were covered in harmless bugs. Researchers say there was no difference in the amount of bugs removed as the temperature of the water or the amount of soap changed. Prof. Donald Schaffner said，“People need to feel comfortable when they are washing their hands but as far as effectiveness goes，this study shows us that the temperature of the water used did not matter.” However，the researchers accept their study is small and say more extensive work is needed to determine the best ways to remove harmful bacteria. In the UK，NHS experts say people can use cold or hot water to wash their hands. They say hands should be washed for at least 20 seconds and stress the importance of using enough soap to cover the whole surface of the hands. Their guidance focuses on rubbing hands together in various ways to make sure each surface of each hand is clean. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了是否用热水洗手比用冷水洗杀死的细菌更多。美国科学家对此进行了实验论证，得出的结论是用热水或冷水洗手去除的细菌数量没有差别。这个实验结果也并不受肥皂量的影响。 1．What does the underlined phrase “poured cold water” in Paragraph 1 probably mean？ A．Proved. B．Contradicted. C．Created. D．Accepted. 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中“... that washing hands with hot water kills more germs (细菌) than unheated water.”可知，原先的理论是：用热水洗手比用未加热的水洗手可以杀死更多的细菌。而根据“The small study of 20 people found using water at 15℃ (59F) left hands as clean as water heated to 38℃ (100F).”可知，这个较小的研究表明：使用15℃或38℃的水洗手洗得一样干净。由此可知，美国科学家对原来的理论进行了反驳，故画线词组poured cold water为“反驳”之意，故选B。 √ 2．After they washed their hands with either hot or cold water，____________． A．volunteers all didn’t feel very comfortable B．volunteers all talked about American food industry C．volunteers still had many germs on their hands D．volunteers nearly had the same quantity of germs removed 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句话“Researchers say... amount of soap changed.”可知，研究人员表示，随着水的温度或肥皂量的变化，去除的臭虫数量没有差别。由此可判断用热水或冷水洗手的志愿者手上被去除的细菌一样多。 √ 3．How do researchers feel about their study？ A．It is popular. B．It is convincing. C．It is incomplete. D．It is abstract. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“However，the researchers... to remove harmful bacteria.”可知，研究者认为他们的研究范围小，需要做更多的工作来确定去除有害细菌的最佳方法。由此可推断出研究者认为这个研究是不完整的 (incomplete)。 √ 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text？ A．Use cold water instead of hot water B．How to use cold water to wash hands C．It’s better to wash hands in cold water D．Washing hands in cold water is as good as in hot water 标题归纳题。本文第一段指出美国科学家对“用热水洗手比用冷水洗手去除的细菌多”的理论提出了质疑，并且进行了实验，最后得出的结论是没有什么区别，即“用冷水洗手和用热水可以洗得一样干净”。D项概括了文章主要内容，故选D项。 √ B Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Dozens of women have won the Nobel Prize，one of the highest honors in the world. Some women scientists never married，some worked with their husband，and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists. In the early 1800s in England，Mary Anning became one of the first women recognized for the discoveries of the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her father collected fossils (化石)in their village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils are parts of plants or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of years. When she was only twelve years old，Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons (骨架)of several animals that no longer existed on earth. She didn’t become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family. In 1891，a young Polish woman named Maria Sklodowska traveled to Paris to study physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland. She began working in the laboratory with a man named Pierre Curie. She and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911，this time in Chemistry. Marie Curie was one of the few women at the time that became famous as a scientist. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了以玛丽·安宁和玛丽·居里为代表的女性科学家的故事。 5．What does the author think of women scientists according to Paragraph 1？ A．They go through difficulties to be successful. B．They cannot get the highest honors in the world. C．They had better pay more attention to their families. D．They have more opportunities to become successful. 细节理解题。根据第一段末句“It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.”可知，在作者看来，女性成为成功的科学家是很难的。该句与A选项是同义表达。故选A。 √ 6．Why did Mary Anning fail to be famous for her discoveries of fossils？ A．Because she didn’t want to be known to anyone. B．Because they weren’t worth studying. C．Because nobody recognized them. D．Because she sold them for money. 细节理解题。根据第三段末句“She didn’t become... support her family.”可知，她当时没有因为发现化石而出名是因为她经常卖掉化石来赚钱养家。故选D。 √ 7．What can we know about Marie Curie？ A．She finished her college education in Poland. B．She was the first woman to win two Nobel Prizes. C．She won the first Nobel Prize before getting married. D．She and her husband won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903... a second Nobel Prize in 1911... ”可知，她是第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的女性。故选B。 √ 8．What’s the text mainly about？ A．Ancient discoveries of scientists. B．Some stories of women scientists. C．Successful marriages of women scientists. D．Some women scientists winning the Nobel Prize. 文章大意题。文章结构为总分结构，第一段点出了本文的中心话题：“Women have been making... to be successful scientists.”然后讲述了玛丽·安宁和玛丽·居里的故事。由此可知文章的话题为“一些女性科学家的故事”。故选B。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 The aging process affects the human body in many ways. One of them is muscle loss (肌肉流失) as we age. Scientists may not know exactly when muscle loss starts.　1　 . Here are the right ways to do it. Equipment strength training Equipment strength training is the best way to slow down the process of muscle loss. Many gyms and health clubs have such muscle-building equipment as weights or running machines.　2　 . Therefore，if you are new to such kind of training，experts suggest you work with a trainer or physical fitness specialist to avoid injury. Also listen to your body. If an exercise causes pain，stop immediately. After the pain goes away you can try the exercise again，but with a lower weight or speed. No equipment strength training You do not have to use special exercise equipment or go to a gym to do strength training. You can just use your own body weight. Such exercises include push-ups，side jumps，jumping jacks or deep knee bends. 　3　 . Exercises that use body weight are usually safer for beginners. They can also be easier for the body，and you can do them anywhere. Warm up 　4　 . Cold muscles injure more easily than warm muscles. Walking for 5 to 10 minutes is enough to warm up your muscles. 　5　 Give your muscles time to recover. Experts say it is better to rest one full day between exercising each specific muscle group. A．Have a break B．The aging process can be stopped in many ways C．They are great exercises to slow down muscle loss D．Working with such equipment can be dangerous E．Experts suggest warming up before strength training F．You can slowly increase the weight as you get stronger G．But what they do know is that it can be greatly slowed down 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些可以延缓肌肉流失的方法以及注意事项。 The aging process affects the human body in many ways. One of them is muscle loss (肌肉流失) as we age. Scientists may not know exactly when muscle loss starts. ________________________________________________ ____________ . Here are the right ways to do it. 根据上文“Scientists may not know exactly when muscle loss starts.”与G项“But what they do know is that it can be greatly slowed down (但是他们确实知道这个过程可以在很大程度上减慢)”衔接自然，上下文构成明显的转折关系，且G项中的they指的就是上文中的Scientists，know为原词复现，故选G项。 G．But what they do know is that it can be greatly slowed down Equipment strength training Equipment strength training is the best way to slow down the process of muscle loss. Many gyms and health clubs have such muscle-building equipment as weights or running machines. ____________________________________ _____________ . Therefore，if you are new to such kind of training，experts suggest you work with a trainer or physical fitness specialist to avoid injury. 根据下文“Therefore，if you are new... avoid injury.”与D项“Working with such equipment can be dangerous (使用这种器械可能很危险)”衔接自然，因为这些健身器械使用起来会有危险，所以建议新手有教练或者健康专家陪同。D项中的dangerous对应下文的injury，故选D项。 D．Working with such equipment can be dangerous No equipment strength training You do not have to use special exercise equipment or go to a gym to do strength training. You can just use your own body weight. Such exercises include push-ups，side jumps，jumping jacks or deep knee bends. _________ __________________________________________ . 根据上文“Such exercises include push-ups，side jumps，jumping jacks or deep knee bends. ”与C项“They are great exercises to slow down muscle loss (它们是延缓肌肉流失的绝佳锻炼方式)”衔接自然，C项中的They指的就是上文中提到的那些运动，故选C项。 C．They are great exercises to slow down muscle loss Warm up ________________________________________________ . Cold muscles injure more easily than warm muscles. Walking for 5 to 10 minutes is enough to warm up your muscles. 根据下文“Cold muscles injure more easily than warm muscles.”与E项“Experts suggest warming up before strength training (专家建议在进行力量训练前先热身)”衔接自然，因为冷肌肉更容易受伤，所以专家建议锻炼前先热身。故选E项。 E．Experts suggest warming up before strength training _________________ Give your muscles time to recover. Experts say it is better to rest one full day between exercising each specific muscle group. 分析段落结构可知，设空处为本段小标题。根据下文“Give your muscles time to recover. Experts say it is better to rest one full day between exercising each specific muscle group.”可知，本段主要建议人们进行适当的休息，让肌肉有恢复的时间。故A项“Have a break (休息一下)”可以作为本段小标题，故选A项。 A．Have a break Ⅲ.完形填空 Stephen Glenn is a famous scientist. He has made several significant medical　1　. When asked why he was able to be more　2　 than the average person，he responded that it all came from a (n)　3　with his mother. Stephen had been trying to　4　 a bottle of milk from the refrigerator，and suddenly he dropped and spilled (泼出) it all over the kitchen floor. Seeing this，instead of　5　at him，his mother said，“What a great and wonderful 　6　 you’ve made! I have rarely seen such a huge pond of milk. Well，the 　7　 has already been done. Would you like to play for a while　8　we clean it up？” Indeed，he did. Then they cleaned it up，and his mother said，“What we have here is a　9　　experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let’s　10　 the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without　11　．”The little boy finally learned how to hold it without dropping. What a good　12　 to him! It was then that Stephen knew he needn’t be afraid to make 　13　because mistakes were just　14　 to learn something new，which was，after all，what scientific　15　 were all about. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名的科学家斯蒂芬·格伦。 1．A．impressions B．breakthroughs C．promises D．intentions 2．A．outgoing B．responsible C．warm-hearted D．creative 根据上文可知，他被问到为什么他能比一般人更有创造力。故D选项正确。 √ √ 根据上文“Stephen Glenn is a famous scientist.”可知，空处指他做出了几个非常重要的医学突破。故B选项正确。 3．A．experience B．word C．argument D．adventure 4．A．recycle B．buy C．remove D．freeze 根据下文“a bottle of milk from the refrigerator”可知，斯蒂芬一直试图从冰箱里拿出一瓶牛奶。故C选项正确。 √ √ 根据下文介绍的内容可知，他回应说他的创造力来自他和他母亲的一次经历。故A选项正确。 5．A．looking B．yelling C．smiling D．glancing 6．A．discovery B．mess C．change D．joke 根据下文“I have rarely seen such a huge pond of milk.”可知，妈妈告诉斯蒂芬他制造了一个伟大而美妙的混乱。故B选项正确。 √ √ 根据下文“his mother said，‘What a great and wonderful ______ you’ve made！... ’”可知，斯蒂芬的妈妈并没有对他大声吼叫。故B选项正确。 7．A．injury B．research C．assignment D．damage 8．A．when B．once C．after D．before 妈妈问在把牛奶清理干净之前，斯蒂芬·格伦是否愿意玩一会儿。故D选项正确。 √ √ 根据下文“Would you like to play for a while”可知，妈妈告诉斯蒂芬，损害已经造成了，那就玩一会儿吧。故D选项正确。 9．A．successful B．failed C．completed D．useless 10．A．fill B．wash C．break D．cover 根据下文“with water”可知，此处指用水装满瓶子。故A选项正确。 √ √ 根据上文可知，他们经历了一次关于如何有效地用两只小手拿着一个大牛奶瓶的失败的实验。故B选项正确。 11．A．shaking B．dropping C．lifting D．touching 12．A．attitude B．apology C．project D．lesson 这对他是多么好的一课啊！故D选项正确。 √ √ 根据下文可知，他们在尝试找到一种能拿着不掉的方法。故B选项正确。 13．A．efforts B．plans C．mistakes D．decisions 14．A．requirements B．conditions C．chances D．goals 因为错误只是学习新东西的机会。故C选项正确。 √ √ 根据下文“because mistakes... ”可知，他不必害怕犯错。故C选项正确。 返回 15．A．achievements B．approaches C．courses D．experiments √ 根据上文“What we have here is a ______experiment ... ”可知，此处指科学实验。故D选项正确。 谢 谢 观 看 Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回 $