Unit 1 Section 2 Grammar and usage & Integrated skills（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（译林版）

[对应知能达标训练P3] Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2025·全国一卷)Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas，stuck inside volcanic rocks，filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans. Now，new research suggests that a simple，cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头)：boiling and filtering(过滤)it.In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters，researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially，this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.In the study，boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics.But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate，boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.Additionally，the research didn't include all types of plastics.The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene，polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still，the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that's becoming increasingly difficult.Even bottled water，scientists found earlier this year，contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake.“The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice，” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay，an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research，tells New Scientist.“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” [解题导语]　本文是一篇说明文。本文指出了微塑料污染的普遍性，并介绍了中国研究人员的新发现：煮沸并过滤自来水可去除水中的微塑料(效果取决于水的硬度)。 1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics. 解析　C　推理判断题。第一段中作者通过列举微塑料在深海、喜马拉雅山脉、火山岩石、海鸟胃里和南极洲下的雪中的存在，来呈现微塑料污染问题。因此，作者是通过举例子的方式来呈现问题的。C项“通过举例子”。故选C。 2．What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A．The hardness of water. B．The length of cooling time. C．The frequency of filtering. D．The type of plastic in water. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Crucially，this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙)to trap the plastics.(至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于水中含有足够的碳酸钙来捕获塑料微粒)”可知，水的硬度决定了捕获水中微塑料的效果。下文补充说明将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬质水(hard water)煮沸可使微塑料含量降低近90%，但将碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样本煮沸仅使微塑料含量降低了25%。因此，水的硬度是影响捕获微塑料效果的关键因素。A项“水的硬度”。故选A。 3．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The severity of the microplastic problem. C．The danger in overusing pure water. D．The difficulty in treating polluted water. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据第四段“Still，the findings show a potential path forward...a task that's becoming increasingly difficult...contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought.”可知，减少微塑料接触这项任务正变得愈发艰巨，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比最初认为的高出10至1000倍。因此，作者试图通过提到瓶装水来强调微塑料问题的严重性。B项“微塑料问题的严重性”。故选B。 4．What is Gauchotte-Lindsay's suggestion about? A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible direction for further study. C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Potential application of the findings. 解析　D　推理判断题。最后一段中提到“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics”(我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，使其能够去除微塑料)，这表明Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议与研究结果的潜在应用有关。A项“新研究方法的选择”；B项“未来研究的可能方向”；C项“更多研究者参与的需要”；D项“研究结果的潜在应用”。故选D。 Ⅱ.语法填空 One year during the Spring and Autumn Period，there was a great famine (饥荒) in the State of Qi. A rich man 1. (name) Qian Ao set up a stall by the roadside with lots of food，waiting 2. hungry people to come.He wanted to give the food to the refugees (难民) in charity. After a short while，3. awfully hungry man walked over，with his head covered by his sleeve and his 4. (shoe) tied up with strings.When Qian Ao saw this，he held food in his left hand and tea in his right hand，5. (shout)，“Hey，come and eat 6. (you) food.” The man raised his head suddenly，opening his eyes wide and said 7. (angry)，“It is exactly because I don't want 8. (take) the food handed out in contempt that I have starved to such a degree！” As soon as Qian Ao heard this，he quickly 9. (apologize) to the man. Eventually，the man starved to death 10. he was unwilling to take the food. [解题导语]　本文描写了“不食嗟来之食”这一典故。齐国出现了严重的饥荒，黔敖在路边准备好饭食，以供路过饥饿的人来吃。他对一个饥民说：“喂！来吃吧！”那个饥民很生气，不肯吃他的食物，最终饿死了。 1．解析　named　a rich man与name之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。 2．解析　for　wait for sb to do sth“等待某人做某事”，是固定短语。 3．解析　an　泛指“一个非常饿的人”，用不定冠词，awfully以元音音素开头，故填an。 4．解析　shoes　shoe为可数名词，由常识可知，鞋一般指一双，故填复数形式shoes。 5．解析　shouting　he与shout是主动关系，故用现在分词，作状语。 6．解析　your　作定语，修饰名词food，应用形容词性物主代词。 7．解析　angrily　修饰动词said，作状语，应用副词。 8．解析　to take　want后接带to的不定式作宾语，want to do sth“想要做某事”。 9．解析　apologized　由全文时态可知，此处应用一般过去时。 10．解析　because　he was unwilling to take the food是the man starved to death的原因，故填because。 Ⅲ.写作 第一节 假定你是李华，上周末去某个岛上游玩，看见有很多可爱的动物。听岛上的一位老人说，现在动物的数量日渐减少，如果不采取措施，有些动物会有绝迹的危险。回来后你给野生动物保护协会写信，就保护动物提出以下建议： 1．制定保护动物的法律； 2．建立动物保护区； 3．提高公众保护动物的意识。 注意：1.词数80个左右； 2．涵盖所有要点，不要逐词翻译，可适当增加细节； 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：提高意识 raise one's awareness Dear Sir/Madam， I'm writing to express my opinion on how to protect the animals on the island I visited last weekend. Please help the poor animals.I am sure that they will survive with your help. Yours， Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Sir/Madam， I'm writing to express my opinion on how to protect the animals on the island I visited last weekend. The number of lovely animals is decreasing year by year. As far as I'm concerned，laws concerning animal protection should be made to punish the illegal hunters.Besides，it is necessary to set up natural reserves.There is no doubt that animals living in safe environments are more likely to survive.What's more，something should be done to raise people's awareness of protecting animals. To sum up，protecting animals is of great importance and it is vital for us to take action. Please help the poor animals.I am sure that they will survive with your help. Yours， Li Hua 第二节　 (2025·全国二卷)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “What's your name？” is a question most frequently asked when people meet for the first time.But for me，it was the first challenge I encountered as an international student in Ireland. The pronunciation system of the Chinese language is quite different from that of English.For native speakers of English，some Chinese words are rather difficult to pronounce.My given name Qiuyu(秋雨)，for instance，happened to be a great challenge for many of them.Every time I gave a self-introduction，I had to explain how to pronounce my name at least five times，yet they still could not say it the way I did. Once in a lecture，the professor tried repeating my name after me over and over in front of thirty classmates.I really did not know whether I should continue correcting him or simply drop the matter.I feared that my classmates might grow tired of my efforts or even the patience with me.After all，I did care about how others would think of me.I realized that if I didn't stop，the entire lecture would be ruined.“It's okay，professor，” I shrugged(耸肩).The awkward moment ended with the class erupting into laughter.I forced a smile，unsure how to respond further. After that incident，I stopped acting as a “Chinese teacher”．Instead of correcting others when they were struggling to pronounce my name，I just smiled and nodded approvingly.This approach spared me the discomfort of having to over-explain.However，I soon found that by doing so，I might be losing something more important：the opportunity to share a small part of my cultural identity. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 In a class discussion，I was invited to explain the meaning of my name. Many of my classmates got interested and came up to me after class. 【参考范文】 In a class discussion，I was invited to explain the meaning of my name.As I rose to my feet，the classroom fell silent.“‘Qiu’is autumn，the season of golden leaves and cool winds.‘Yu’means rain，which nourishes the earth，” I began，my hands slightly trembling.“In Chinese culture，autumn symbolizes peace—a time to reflect.” I shared how my parents named me after a rainy autumn afternoon when they adopted a stray cat，hoping I'd carry kindness in my heart.The professor leaned forward，commenting，“That's beautiful—does it have a poetic link？” I nodded，reciting a line about autumn rain washing old stones.A few students wrote it down，their eyes curious. Many of my classmates got interested and came up to me after class.Liam，a boy with a guitar slung over his shoulder，grinned，saying，“Please teach me to say it right！” I guided him，“Qiu—like‘chew’，yu—like ‘you’ but softer.”He practiced，and when he got it，the group cheered.Ana asked to take a photo of the Chinese characters in my notebook.Even the professor smiled，“I'll get it right by next class，I promise.” As we laughed，I realized my name was no longer a barrier.It was a story，a bridge—and today，I'd shared a piece of my world. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $