Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（译林版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语核心语言知识，系统梳理基础词汇（如dolphin, greenhouse）、拓展词汇（如application/apply, global/globe）、重点短语（come up with, call for等）、So倒装句型及语法省略现象，从词汇积累到句型应用再到语法规则，构建递进式学习支架。 资料通过“即学活用”“对点集训”等分层练习设计，结合词汇辨析（如come up with与come up）、句型转换（So倒装）及省略句归纳，提升语言运用能力（语言能力）和逻辑思维（思维品质）。课中助力教师系统授课，课后便于学生自主复习，弥补知识盲点（学习能力）。

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills [对应学生用书P9] Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．dolphin n.海豚 2．greenhouse n.温室，暖房 3．gas n.气体；煤气；汽油 4．drought n.旱灾，久旱 5．brochure n.小册子 6．belt n.地带，地区；腰带；传送带 7．medal n.奖章，勋章 8．image n. 形象；图像；意象 9．shark n. 鲨鱼 10．whale n.鲸 11．deer n.鹿 12．track vt.&vi.跟踪，追踪 n.足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线 13．habitat n.生活环境，栖息地 14．nowhere adv.无处，哪里都不 拓展单词 15．global adj.全球的；全面的→ globe n.球体 16. application n.应用，运用；申请→ apply v．申请；应用 17．organization n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→organize vt.组织→organizer n.组织者 18．absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其→absolute adj.绝对的；完全的 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．come up with 想出，想到 2．call for(公开) 要求；需要 3．spring to mind 突然记起(或想到) 4．leave out省略 5．keep away from 远离 6．clean up清理 7．sign up 报名 8．far from 离……远 Ⅲ.重点句型 As the human population continues to grow，so does the effect we have on animals.随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 [核心词汇·练透] [对应学生用书P10] 1．come up with想出，想到 come about　产生，发生 come across　遇见，(偶然)发现 come out　出来，(书等)出版，发行 come up　走上前；上来；被提出，被提及 come to　共计，达到 when it comes to...　涉及……；谈到…… All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems. 他们都对如何解决这些问题提出了创造性的想法。 Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard. 乔治亚理工大学的研究人员说，他们已经想出了一种解决这个问题的低成本设备：智能键盘。 Some new issues came up at the conference. 在会上，一些新问题被提出来了。 The truth is beginning to come out about what happened. 关于所发生的事，真相开始逐渐浮出水面。 [名师点津]　come up with“提出，想出”，其主语是sb; come up “被提出”，其主语是sth，如问题、观点、建议等。 [即学活用] 用适当的介、副词填空 ①Is that the best excuse you can come up with? ②That name comes up a lot on TV. ③Bats sleep in the daytime and come out to hunt for food at night. ④In a few moments she suddenly came to． 2．call for(公开)要求；需要 call back 　叫回来；收回 call up　 征召(服役)；动员；使想起 call on/upon sb　访问；号召；呼吁 call at a place　顺便到……，造访 call off　取消 Some call for the application of modern technology，and others a change of lifestyle. 有人呼吁应用现代技术，也有人呼吁改变生活方式。 The public are calling for an end to air pollution. 公众呼吁结束空气污染。 When I'm in Pittsburgh，I call him up. 每到匹兹堡，我都给他打电话。 I'm going to call on one of my former classmates. 我要去看望我的一位老同学。 [即学活用] 用适当的介、副词填空 ①The game was called off because of the bad weather. ②The smell of the sea called up memories of her childhood. ③The situation calls for prompt action. ④He used his speech to call on the world to help his country. 3．application n.应用，运用；申请 (1)make an application (to...) for...　(向……)申请…… (2)apply v.　运用；申请；应用 apply to do sth　申请做某事 apply...to...　将……用在……上 apply (to sb) for sth　(向某人)申请某物 apply oneself to　致力于；专心于 (3)applicant n.　申请人 The invention will have wide application in industry. 这项发明会在工业中得到广泛应用。 It was announced that they had received 500 applications for the post. 据宣布，对这个职位，他们已经收到了500份申请书了。 I made an application to the hospital for a job as a nurse and to my delight，my application was accepted. 我向这家医院申请了护士的工作，令我感到高兴的是，我的申请被接受了。 After a short holiday，he applied himself once more to his studies. 经过短暂的假期后，他再次专心于学习。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Students learned the practical application (apply)of the theory they had learned in the classroom. ②His application (apply) for membership of the organization was rejected. ③The new technology had been applied to farming. 这项新技术已应用于农业。 ④Faulks has applied himself to this task with considerable energy. 福克斯为这项任务倾注了大量精力。 4．spring to mind马上想到，突然记起(或想到) bear/keep...in mind 　记住…… lose one's mind　 失去理智 bring...to mind　使……想起 come to mind　 突然想起 change one's mind　 改变主意 make up one's mind　 打定主意；下定决心 concentrate one's mind on / upon　集中注意力于……，专注于…… Please bear/keep in mind that time will change everything. 请记住时间会改变一切。 We have made up our minds to take a trip to Australia or Thailand. 我们已经决定去澳大利亚或泰国旅行。 [名师点津]　spring n.春天；弹簧；泉v.跳；反弹(sprang，sprung) [即学活用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ① I can't seem to spring to mind the name of the bookshop where I bought the book. ② After graduation from college，they made up their minds to go(go) and settle in the countryside. ③ We have made up our minds(mind) to go on a journey to Tibet. ④ We need to keep in mind(记住) what our goals are. ⑤ His father is a very stubborn person.Once he decides to do something，you can never change his mind (改变他的主意). ⑥ Don't be absent-minded.Please concentrate your mind on/upon(集中注意力于……) the experiment. 5．nowhere adv.无处，哪里都不 go/get nowhere 　毫无进展；一无所获 lead/get(sb) nowhere　 没有结果 nowhere to be seen　 哪儿也看不到 nowhere near　 离……差得远，远谈不上 This animal is found in Australia，and nowhere else. 这种动物在澳大利亚被发现，别处没有。 The new book you need is nowhere to be found. 你要的那本新书哪里都找不到。 The hall was nowhere near full. 大厅远未满座。 [名师点津]　nowhere 含有否定意义，置于句首时，句子要用倒装语序。 Nowhere else could we find the missing wallet. 我们在其他任何地方都没能找到丢失的钱包。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空/完成句子/同义句转换 ①The tall man was nowhere to be seen(see). ②There's nowhere else(没有别的地方) I really want to go to. ③It's nowhere near(离……差得远) the collar I'm looking for. ④That kind of talk will be no good to you. →That kind of talk will get you nowhere． [重点句型·通关] [对应学生用书P12] (教材P8)As the human population continues to grow，so does the effect we have on animals. 随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 [句式分析] 本句使用了“So＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”结构构成的倒装结构，表示“……也是如此”，用于肯定句，表示同样肯定的看法或做法。 (1)“Neither/Nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋另一主语”用于表示前面提到的否定情况也适用于另一主语，意为“……也不……”。 (2)“So it is/was with...”和“It is/was the same with...”句式表示前面提到的两种或两种以上的情况也适用于另一主语。 (3)“so＋同一主语＋be动词/情态动词/助动词”意为“……的确如此”，表示对前面的话加以确认或强调。 Yesterday I went shopping，and so did my best friend. 昨天我去买东西，我最好的朋友也去了。 My father is a teacher and so is my mother. 我父亲是老师，我母亲也是。 He didn't finish his homework.Neither/Nor did I. 他没有完成作业。我也没完成。 John likes fish but he doesn't like meat，and so it is with/it is the same with Mary. 约翰喜欢吃鱼但不喜欢吃肉，玛丽也如此。 —It was very cold yesterday. —So it was. ——昨天很冷。 ——的确如此。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①He can swim and so can I． 他会游泳，我也会。 ②If you won't go there, neither will I． 如果你不去那里，我也不去。 ③He doesn't like playing jokes，nor does his brother． 他不喜欢开玩笑，他哥哥也不喜欢。 [对应学生用书P13] 省略 一、概念 英语句子就其结构而言，可分为完全句和省略句两种形式。无论在口语中还是书面语中，在不妨碍理解，不影响句子意义完整的条件下，可以省略一个或整个句子成分，或省略某些结构词，使语句简练，结构紧凑，起到一定的修辞效果。 二、语法规则 (一)词法上的省略 1．名词所有格后修饰的名词的省略 (1)如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现，则可以省略。 These are John's books and those are Mary's (books). 这些是约翰的书，那些是玛丽的(书)。 (2)名词所有格后修饰的名词如果是指商店，住宅等地点时，这些词也常常省略。 at the doctor's在诊所 at Mr Green's在格林先生家 to my uncle's到我叔叔家 at the barber's在理发店 2．冠词的省略 (1)为了避免重复。 The lightening flashed and thunder crashed. 电闪雷鸣。(thunder 前省略了定冠词the) (2)在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略。 She sings best in the class. 她在班里唱的最好。 (3)在某些独立主格结构中。 Our teacher came in，book in hand.(＝Our teacher came in，with a book in his hand.) 老师手里拿着书本进来了。 (4)在as引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠词要省略。 Child as he is，he knows a lot. 虽然他是个孩子，却懂得很多。 3．介词的省略 Consider...(as)...，prevent/stop...(from) doing...，have trouble/difficulty...(in) doing...，spend...(in/on) doing...等短语中的介词可以省略。 Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away. 树能阻止泥土被冲走。 I have some difficulty (in) answering the question. 我回答这个问题有些困难。 4．不定式的省略 (1)感官动词see，hear，feel，watch，notice等以及使役动词let，make，have后作宾补的动词不定式，其中的不定式符号to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，to必须保留。 They made the boy go to bed early. 他们强迫那个男孩早睡。 The boy was made to go to bed early. 这个男孩被迫早睡。 (2)在can not but，can not choose but，can not help but之后的动词不定式一般不带to; but 之前有实意动词do及其其他形式does，did，done时，也不带to，否则要带to。 We have nothing to do now but wait. 除了等，我们现在没有别的事可做。 I can not but admire his courage. 我不得不钦佩他的勇敢。 He has no choice but to accept the fact. 除了接受这个事实他别无选择。 (3)在并列结构中为了避免重复，可以省略第二个不定式中的to。 I'm really puzzled what to think or say. 我真不知道怎么想，怎么做才好。 (4)在why，why not 引导的特殊疑问句中，后跟省略to 的动词不定式。 Why talk so much about it? 为什么要谈论这么多？ Why not try it again? 为什么不再试试呢？ (5)动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同一动词。如果出现过，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。 They may go if they wish to (go). 如果他们想去，他们就可以去。 Don't go till I tell you to. 我不告诉你，你不可以去。 (二)句法上的省略 1．简单句的省略 (1)感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。 What a hot day (it is ) today! 多么热的天啊！ (2)在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。 —(Will you)Have a rest? —No.Thanks. ——休息一下吧？ ——不了。谢谢。 (Is there)Anything else to say? 还有别的要说吗？ 2．并列句中的省略 (1)如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的那部分。 John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。 (2)主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则两者都可以省略。 His suggestions made John happy，but (his suggestions made) Mary angry. 他的建议使约翰高兴，但使玛丽生气。 (3)主语相同，而谓语动词不同，则可省略主语。 Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while，but (he) soon returned to his old ways. 老麦克唐纳只戒了一阵子烟就回到了原来的状态。 (4)在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其他成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that 从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。 Jack will sing at the party，but I know John won't (sing at the party). 杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会。 3．复合句中的省略 (1)状语从句的省略 当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可省略从句中的主语和be 动词。 While (I was) waiting，I was reading some magazines. 我一边看杂志，一边等。 Though (they were) tired，they went on working. 虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。 If (it is ) possible，I will go to China next year. 如果可能的话，明年我要去中国。 (2)定语从句中的省略 在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that，which，who，whom 常可以省略。 The man (who/whom) I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。 Where is the book (which/that) I bought this morning? 今天上午我买的那本书在哪？ (3)宾语从句的省略 引导宾语从句的连词that 常常省略。 She said (that) she had finished her homework. 她说她已经完成了作业。 [对点集训] 将下列句子改为省略句/完成句子 ①Someone has used my car，but I don't know who has used it. →Someone has used my car，but I don't know who. ②I'm sorry，I've kept you waiting so long. →Sorry I've kept you waiting so long. ③You shouldn't come to his party unless you were invited. →You shouldn't come to his party unless invited. ④This car doesn't run as fast as that one does. →This car doesn't run as fast as that one. ⑤He did as he had been told. →He did as told. ⑥I don't like living in the countryside.Do you like living in the countryside? →I don't like living in the countryside.Do you? ⑦You can study any subject you want to study. →You can study any subject you want to. ⑧Matter can be converted into energy，and energy can be converted into matter. →Matter can be converted into energy，and energy into matter． ⑨If I get well，I will go；If I don't get well，I won't go. →If I get well，I will go；If not，not． ⑩What will happen if it rains? →What if it rains? ⑪He has gone，but no one knows where． 他走了，但没人知道他去哪儿了。 ⑫He paused as if expecting her to speak． 他停下来，好像在期待她说话。 ⑬I know you can do better than him． 我知道你能比他做得更好。 ⑭He wants to stop this test，but we prefer not to． 他想停止这次考试，但我们宁愿不停。 ⑮Make changes in the following sentences where necessary． 按需要改变下列句子。 [对应学生用书P15] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The United Nations is calling for a global(globe) ban whaling. 2．After eating this kind of fruit，he always feels uncomfortable (comfortable). 3．He has raised an idea on how to solve this kind of problem. 4．They have added many more applications (apply) to their new machine. 5．Farmers in the countryside are looking forward to a change of lifestyle. 6．Deer are being hunted and shot by people who enjoy the excitement of the sport. 7．People in the flood in the south of China are in danger. 8．Wise people are good at planning (plan) ahead. 9．Personally (personal) speaking，this kind of design is not suitable for students. 10．The whole world is trying to protect the endangered (endanger) animals. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．They never give us solutions to (解决……的方法) problems they have raised，and encourage us to discuss. 2．The government calls for (要求，需要)all the citizens to stay at home for safety. 3．Every time I see the photo，memories of my happy childhood will spring to mind (突然记起). 4．In fact，human beings have the greatest impact on (对……有最大的影响) the environment. 5．At the beginning of the speech (在演讲开始的时候)，he told the audience a funny story，making us judges laugh a lot. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $