Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（译林版）

本讲义围绕生态平衡主题，系统梳理相关核心词汇（如wildlife, impact, damage）、拓展词汇（harm→harmful, variety→various）及重点短语（do harm to, cut down），结合过去时态与现在完成时等语法点，构建从词汇积累到阅读写作应用的学习支架，助力学生准确描述生态问题及保护措施。 该资料突出语言能力与思维品质培养，通过亚马逊雨林案例分析（如段落主旨匹配、推理判断题）提升学生批判性思维，融入跨文化环保观念（文化意识）。课中辅助教师开展词汇分层教学与句型详解（如介词+which定语从句），课后学生可借助即学活用练习巩固知识，弥补语言应用短板。

[对应学生用书P1] 1．语言能力 学生能够运用与生态平衡相关的词汇和句型，准确描述生态平衡的重要性，提升语言表达能力。同时，能使用过去时态和现在完成时态描述生态变化，通过阅读、写作等活动，提高英语阅读理解和写作能力。能用英语阐述对生态问题的认识和保护措施的建议。 2．文化意识 了解不同文化背景下的环境保护观念，提升跨文化交际意识，尊重文化差异，明白不同文化对于自然平衡和环境保护的重视与不同做法，增强对多元文化的理解。 3．思维品质 通过分析自然资源保护案例等，培养批判性和创新性思维，学会从不同角度审视生态问题，能够分析和评价相关观点和论据，提高解决实际问题的能力，增强思维的灵活性和深刻性。 4．学习能力 通过自主学习相关资料，合作完成项目任务等，培养有效的学习策略和团队协作能力，提高自主学习能力和合作交流能力，能够主动获取更多关于自然平衡和环境保护的知识，并将其应用于实际生活中。 Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading [对应学生用书P1] Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．continent n.大陆，陆地，洲 2．million num.一百万，许多，大量 3．wildlife n.野生动植物，野生生物 4．beneath prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上 5．mass n.大量；团块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的 6．living n.生计，谋生；生活方式 adj.活着的，活的 7．nutrient n.营养素，营养物 8．impact n.影响，作用v.有影响；冲击 9．damage vt.&n.损害，伤害 10．climate n.气候；倾向，风气 拓展单词 11．harm n.&vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的 12．length n.长度，长→long adj.长的 13．variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性→various adj.多种多样的→vary v.变化 14．survive v. 生存，生活，幸存，幸免于难→survival n.生存，幸免 15．disappear v. 消失；失踪；消亡，灭绝→disappearance n.消失，灭亡，失踪 16．agriculture n.农业，农学 →agricultural adj.农业的，农学的 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．do harm to给……带来/造成危害 2．cut down砍倒 3．one in ten十个中有一，十分之一 4．a variety of各种各样的，大量的 5．feed on以……为主食 6．break down使分解为，使变化成 7．due to由于，因为 8．build up扩大，逐渐增加 9．breathe life into给……带来起色 10．in turn相应地，转而 11．be home to是……的栖息地 12．more than多于，超过，不止，非常，很 13．provide...for为……提供…… Ⅲ.重点句型 1．The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is close to 6，400 kilometers in length... 亚马孙雨林得名自亚马孙河，河流全长接近6 400千米…… 2．Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 在此之上，大量树叶覆盖在漆黑的森林地面上。 [对应学生用书P2] Ⅰ.Scan the text and answer the question. 1．What is the main idea of the text? A．The Amazon rainforest is the “lung of the planet”． B．The Amazon rainforest is a world of varieties of wildlife. C．The Amazon rainforest keeps great balance of ecosystem. D．The Amazon rainforest has the richest biodiversity. 答案　C 2．Match the main idea with each paragraph. A．The rainforest has a variety of wildlife. B．Many kinds of animals live in the rainforest. C．The rainforest provides us with oxygen. D．The rainforest has a great impact on the earth. E．The rainforest is large with the river running. ①Para.1　D　②Para.2　E　③Para.3　A ④Para.4　B　⑤Para.5　C Ⅱ.Read the text again and choose the best answer. 1．Which of the following statements about the Amazon rainforest is TRUE according to the passage? A．The Amazon rainforest plays an important part in keeping the balance of human and nature. B．The Amazon rainforest crosses into seven countries，including Brazil and Peru. C．The area of the Amazon rainforest is around 6 million square metres，more than half the size of China. D．The Amazon rainforest is named after the Amazon River，which is close to 6，400 kilometres in length. 2．What can be inferred from the third paragraph in the passage? A．There are only 390，000 species of plants on the earth. B．Different species of plants in Amazon rainforest grow in different levels. C．At the bottom of the Amazon rainforest grow some bushes. D．The ancient brazil nut tree and the water lilies are living in the same level. 3．The author uses the example of “jaguars” in Paragraph 4 ． A．to prove that some rare animals are still found in the rainforest B．to show that they are only one element of this rainforest's food chain C．to explain how the food chain is formed D．to warn readers to protect the animals from being damaged in the rainforest 4．What's the style of the passage? A．Advertisement. B．Travel journal. C．Experiment report. D．Documentary script. 答案　1－4　DBAD Ⅲ.Complete the passage according to the text. The Amazon rainforest，the largest rainforest in the world，plays a significant role 1.in maintaining the balance of the Earth's ecosystem.It 2.crosses(cross)into eight countries，3.including (include) Brazil and Peru.With an area of around 6 million square kilometres，the rainforest is 4.more than half the size of China. More than 40，000 species of plants can 5.be found (find)in the Amazon.The forest's different levels provide food and shelter for an unbelievable 6.variety (vary) of wildlife.More than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle's plant life.The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by 7.fixing (fix) carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen，8.which is known as the “lungs of the planet”．Moreover，the rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.9.However，over the past 50 years，17 per cent of the rainforest 10.has disappeared(disappear) due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. [核心词汇·练透] [对应学生用书P3] 1．harm n.&vt.伤害，损害 do/cause harm to...＝do/cause...to　有害于……，对……造成危害 harmful adj.　有害的 be harmful to...　对……有害 harmless adj.　无害的 There is no harm in doing sth＝It does no harm to do sth　做某事没有坏处 While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin，they also give us beneficial Vitamin D． 虽然太阳光线使皮肤老化，对皮肤有害，它们也给我们提供有益的维他命D。 However，no praise from parents also does harm to their self-confidence. 可是，得不到父母的表扬也会对他们的自信造成伤害。 This object gives off harmful gases which may do harm to our health.You must make the object harmless before you use it. 此物会散发出有害气体，这些气体可能会损害我们的健康，你必须在使用它之前使它无害。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is harmful (harm) to your eyes to read in the bus. ②Smoking does great harm to people's health. ③We all know that drinking too much does harm to your health. 众所周知，过量饮酒对你的身体有害。 ④The medicine is harmful to children but harmless to adults. 这种药对儿童有害，却对成年人没有什么害处。 2．variety n.不同种类，变化，多样性，变种，变体 a variety of＝varieties of　各种各样的，多种式样的 various adj.　不同的，各种各样的(一般用于名词前) vary v.　(使)变化，不同 vary...from...　从……变化，不同 vary with...　随着……而变化 vary in...　在……方面不同/变化 There will be a wide variety of activities to mark this unforgettable occasion. 各种各样的活动将要举办，用来纪念这一难忘的时刻。 The T-shirts are available in a wide variety of colors. 各种颜色的T恤衫都有。 Teaching methods vary greatly from school to school. 各个学校的教学方法大不相同。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As they are handmade，each one varies (vary) slightly. ②There are various (vary) ways to answer your question. ③Rooms vary in size but all have a TV. ④He left for various/a variety of reasons． 由于种种原因他离开了。 ⑤We all need variety in our diet. 我们都需要饮食多样化。 3．survive vi.&vt.生存，存活，幸存，艰难度过 survive sth　经历……仍然存在 survive on sth　靠……继续维持生活 survive sb by...　比某人多活…… survival n.　幸存，生存，存活 If a predator can eat several species，it can survive the extinction of one of them. 如果掠食动物以多个物种为食，它就可以幸免于灭绝。 Villagers there can survive on very little money. 那里的村民用很少的钱就可以生存。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Ant's behavior contributes most to the survival(survive) of them. ②How did they survive on such a small monthly wage? ③Is it enough to have survived for a long time? 只是存在的时间长就足够了吗？ ④Of all the great paintings，only one survived the fire． 在此次大火中，所有的珍贵藏画中仅有一幅幸免于难。 4．feed on(动物)以……为食 feed sth to sb　用……喂…… feed sb on sth　用……喂…… feed on　以……为食 be fed up with　对……厌烦 The cattle are fed on barley.牛以大麦为食。 Tigers feed on meat.老虎是食肉的。 Racism feeds on fear.恐惧心理会助长种族主义。 [易混辨析] feed on/live on/live by feed on 指动物“以……为食” live on 指人“以……为食；靠……生活”，但也指动物“以……为食” live by 指人“靠……手段谋生”，后面接谋生的手段 They live on 70 dollars a week. 他们每周靠70美元维持生活。 He once lived by begging. 他曾靠乞讨为生。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Several children were feeding bread to the ducks. ②They were fed well on/with her mother's home cooking. ③Butterflies feed on the flowers of garden plants. ④Bats fly at night and feed on insects (以昆虫为食). ⑤I was fed up with (对……厌烦) him and I couldn't put up with him any more. 5．break down使分解，使变化；(机器)损坏，破坏 break in　强行进入；打断(谈话)，插嘴 break into　闯入，破门而入 break out　爆发，突然发生 break through　突破；克服，战胜 break up　解散；结束；拆散 If Tim carries on working like this，he'll break down sooner or later. 如果蒂姆继续像这样工作，他的身体早晚会垮掉。 To understand the grammar of the sentence，you must break it down into parts. 为了明白句子的语法，你必须把它分解成几个部分。 [形象记忆] [即学活用] 写出下列句中break down的含义/完成句子 ①The printing machines are always breaking down.(机器)出故障 ②Food is broken down in the stomach.分解 ③His health broke down because he had been working too hard.(身体)垮掉 ④The talks between the two sides have broken down.(谈判)失败 ⑤It takes a long time to break down prejudices.消除 ⑥His health broke down as a result of smoking. 因为吸烟他的健康垮掉了。 ⑦Mother broke into my room and told me not to stay up or I would break down. 妈妈闯进我的房间，告诉我不要熬夜了，否则身体会累垮的。 ⑧I was still sleeping when the fire broke out，and then it spread quickly. 大火发生时我还在睡觉，之后火势迅速蔓延。 6．afford vt.买得起，负担得起；(有时间)做；承担得起(后果)；提供，给予 afford to do sth　负担得起做……的费用 afford sb sth＝afford sth to sb给予某人某物 affordable adj.　能承担得起的 affordably adv.　负担得起地 Music affords pleasure to us. 音乐带给我们快乐。 Having spent nearly all our money，we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel. 花光了几乎所有的钱，我们住不起宾馆了。 There are few affordable apartment in big cities. 大城市中没有几所公寓是便宜的。 [名师点津]　afford 意为“买得起，负担得起”时，常与can，could，be able to以及其否定形式连用，表示有/无能力、时间、条件等做某事。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Having spent nearly all our money，we couldn't afford to stay(stay) at a hotel. ②The exhibition will afford a chance to you to experience traditional Chinese culture. ③The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be affordable (afford) but doing this most days adds up.There could be an even higher cost on your health. 7．build up逐渐增强；建立；开发；夸赞 build oneself up　增强体质 build oneself up to sth　为……做准备 build up one's health/body　增进健康 build up a fame　建立名声 build sb/sth up　吹捧，鼓吹 These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time. 随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。 The first thing is to build up trust with them. 首要的是要与他们建立互信。 They built up their homes and made their farms there. 他们在那儿建立了家园，办起了农场。 Now is the time for you to travel around the world，build up your knowledge through actual experiences and have fun! 现在到你环游世界，通过实际经历来增长知识，玩得高兴的时候了！ [即学活用] 写出下列句中build up的含义 ①He's building me up too much—I may disappoint him.夸赞 ②Exercise will help build up the muscles.逐渐增强 ③They have finally built up a big company.建立 8．take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留；改小 take off　起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功 take on　呈现；雇用 take over　接收；接管；取代 take up　占去；占据；开始；从事 Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights，thus warming the house. 用土坯做的墙体，在炎热的天气里，吸收太阳热量，然后在凉爽的夜晚慢慢地放出热量，从而使房子变暖。 Fish take in oxygen through their gills. 鱼用鳃吸取氧气。 The kind-hearted man has taken in over 20 homeless children. 这位好心人收留了20多个无家可归的孩子。 In fact，I didn't quite take in anything in the book. 事实上，这本书我没怎么看懂。 [即学活用] 写出下列句中take in的含义/完成句子 ①The price takes in the cost of all the accommodation and food.包括 ②The old lady was homeless，so I took her in.留宿；收留 ③Women are often taken in by products for losing weight.上当 ④I found it easy to take in what the teacher said in class.理解 ⑤It is said that black takes in more heat than white.吸收 ⑥The dress was big so I had to take in at the waist.改小 ⑦He was homeless，so we took him in. 他无家可归，我们便收留了他。 ⑧Don't be taken in by his charm—he's ruthless. 不要被他那迷人的风度所蒙蔽；其实他冷酷无情。 [重点句型·通关] [对应学生用书P7] 1．(教材P2)The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is close to 6，400 kilometers in length... 亚马孙河全长接近6 400公里，亚马孙雨林的名字就来自于此条河流…… [句式分析] 本句是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。from which the forest gets its name 是定语从句，由介词＋which引导，which指的前文的 the Amazon River，完整的句子是：The rainforest(The Amazon rainforest) gets its name from the Amazon River. 介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句很常见： at which，in which，from which，on which，for which... to whom，for whom，of whom，by whom... one of which/whom，each of which/whom，many of which/whom，none/neither of which/whom... Self-driving is an area in which China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其他国家处于同一起跑线的领域。 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which have been proved. 科学家们就人们为什么哭出眼泪提出了许多理论，但没有一项得到证明。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①He has visited the school for several times，in which he has many friends. 他已经去过那个学校多次了，在那里他有很多朋友。 ②The poor man has no house，in which he can live. 那个穷人没房子住。 ③He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree. 他住在一座大房子里，房前有一棵高大的树。 ④In the dark street，there wasn't a person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的街道上一个人也没有，她没有人可求助。 ⑤He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows，most of which hadn't been cleaned for at least a year. 他付给小男孩10美元擦洗10扇窗户，其中大部分至少一年未擦过。 2．(教材P3)Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor． 在此之上，大量树叶覆盖在漆黑的森林地面上。 [句式分析] 这是一个完全倒装句。正常语序为：The mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor is above that.主语是the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor；系动词是is; 表语是above that。 (1)表示时间(now，then等)、方向或方位的副词(here，there，up，down，in，out，away，off，inside，outside等)，以及表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子要用完全倒装。 (2)表语＋连系动词＋主语(表语为形容词，介词短语，动词-ing形式，过去分词等)。 There stands a stone bridge across the river. 河上有一座石桥。 Away went the crowd one by one. 人们一个一个地离开了。 Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and other guests. 出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授和其他客人。 Such are the facts；no one can deny them. 这些就是事实，没有人可以否认。 [名师点津]　上述情况中，若主语为人称代词，而不是名词的话，则主谓语序不变。如：There he comes.他来了。 [即学活用] 句型转换(用倒装句) ①A few high buildings stand inside our school. →Inside our school stand a few high buildings. ②My friend Jim was among them. →Among them was my friend Jim. ③The bell went and the teacher came in. →There went the bell，and in came the teacher. ④Good study habits，useful skills and a positive attitude are of equal importance. →Of equal importance are good study habits，useful skills and a positive attitude. [对应学生用书P8] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The polluted water from the factory is，of course，harmful(harm). 2．The whole nation on the planet are thirsty to live in a peaceful world. 3．They are working hard measuring the length (long) of the river found recently in the forest. 4．There are 50 students in the class，and four in ten are(be) from the countryside. 5．Millions(million) of graduates in China have found a good job. 6．Nature mainly refers to living(live)things，including plants and animals in the wild. 7．The national park is famous for its variety(vary) of wildlife. 8．The survival (survive) of the rare animal in this bad environment is a wonder. 9．Fed (feed) up with the endless homework，the boy will change the school. 10．Everyone in the village was astonished about the disappearance (disappear) of the stone lion in the temple. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．The serious situation calls for our deep united effort. 严峻的形式要求我们共同努力。 2．The human race has done great harm to the planet. 我们人类已经对星球造成了巨大的伤害。 3．The house is 20 meters in length and 12 meters in width. 这座房子长20米，宽12米。 4．One in four students is going to choose to major in science. 四个学生里有一个选择主修理科。 5．In the clear lake，a variety of fish swims freely，which shows us the environment has improved a lot. 在清澈的湖泊里，不同种类的鱼儿自由地游来游去。这表明环境得到了改善。 6．The sheep in this area feed on a special plant.Thus the quality of the meat is fine. 这个地区的羊以一种特殊的植物为食。因此肉质鲜美。 7．The young workers breathe life into our company. 这些年轻的工人给我们公司注入了活力。 8．Unfortunately，our car broke down on the half way. 不幸的是，我们的车在半路抛锚了。 9．Due to the bad weather，the sports meeting was put off. 由于恶劣的天气，运动会推迟了。 10．The more you build up your confidence，the greater your chances of success are. 你树立的自信心越强，成功的把握就越大。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $