内容正文:
期末词汇复习
必修第二册·重庆大学版·Unit2 HelpfulSchoolmates--ReadingF
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一、重点单词详解
1:honest
一、
核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:adj.诚实的;老实的;正直的
二、构词法(词性转换)
名词:honesty/onisti/(n.诚实;正直;坦率)
形容词:honest(直接形容词形式)
副词:honestly/Dnistli/(adv.诚实地;正直地;的确)
三、用法与常见搭配
be honest with sb.(对某人诚实)
to be honest(with you)(坦白说:老实说,作插入语)
an honest mistake(无心之过;诚实的错误)
honest opinion(坦诚的意见)
四、拓展用法
反义词:dishonest/drs'pnIst/(adj.不诚实的)
名词:dishonesty/ds'Dnrsti/(n.不诚实)
五、作文高级句型
To build trust with others,we should always be honest with ourselves and those around us.
2:honesty
、
核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.诚实;正直:坦率
二、构词法(词性转换)
形容词:honest/'oust/(adj.诚实的;正直的)
名词:honesty(由honest+-y构成)
副词:honestly/pnrstli//(adv.诚实地;的确)
三、用法与常见搭配
show/display honesty(表现出诚实)
lack of honesty(缺乏诚实)
honesty about sth.(关于某事的坦诚)
四、拓展用法
近义词辨析:honesty vs.integrity
honesty:侧重指言行一致、不欺骗他人的品质。
integrity:强调道德上的正直、完整,尤其指在困境中坚守原则。
例旬:He is respected for his integrity,not just his honesty.
3:brave
一、核心考点
词性:形容词(adj)、动词(v.)
核心义:adj.勇敢的;无畏的v.勇敢面对;冒风险
二、构词法(词性转换)
形容词:brave(原词)
副词:bravely'brervli/(adv.勇敢地;无畏地,由brave+y构成)
名词:bravery/brerveri/(n.勇敢;勇气,由brave+-ey构成)
三、用法与常见搭配
be brave enough to do sth.(足够勇敢做某事)
a brave soldier/decision(勇敢的士兵/决定)
put on a brave face(强装镇定;故作勇敢)
brave sth.(勇敢面对某事,如困难、危险等)
brave the storm/rain(冒着风暴/大雨)
brave it out(坚持到底;硬着头皮干)
四、拓展用法
比较级/最高级:braver,.bravest
派生词:bravehearted/,brerv'ha:td(adj.勇敢的;有胆量的)
五、作文高级句型
In the face of challenges,it is more important to brave them with courage than to escape from
them.
4:bravely
·、
核心考点
词性:副词(adv.)
核心义:adv.勇敢地:无畏地
二、构词法(词性转换)
形容词:brave /brerv//(adj山.勇敢的;无畏的)
副词:bravely(由brave+-y构成)
名词:bravery/brervari/(n.勇敢;勇气)
三、用法与常见搭配
fight bravely(勇敢战斗)
face difficulties bravely(勇敢面对困难)
speak out bravely(勇敢地说出来)
Bravely,.she decided to tell the truth.(她勇敢地决定说出真相。)
四、拓展用法
同义词:courageously/ka'rerd3sli/(adv.勇敢地)
例句:The firefighters acted courageously to save the children.
5:kind
、
核心考点
词性:形容词(adj)、名词(n.)
核心义:adj.善良的:友好的;亲切的n.种类;类型
二、构词法(词性转换)
形容词:kind(表善良的”)
名词:kindness/'kamdnes//(n.善良;友好行为,由kind+-ness构成)
副词:kindly/karndli/(adv.亲切地;仁慈地,由kind+-ly构成)
三、用法与常见搭配
be kind to sb.(对某人友好)
It's kind of sb.to do sth.(某人做某事真是太好了)
a kind smile/gesture(友善的微笑/手势)
a kind of..(一种…,后接名词)
all kinds of..(各种各样的…)
different kinds of..(不同种类的…)
this/hat kind of.(这/那种…)
四、拓展用法
近义词辨析:kind vs.sort vs.ype
kind:最普通用词,泛指同类的人或事物,可与sot互换。
sot:口语化用词,有时含贬义,指大致的种类。
ype:侧重指客观分类中的”类型”,强调性质或特征的相似性。
例句:What type of music do you like?
6:kindness
一、
核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.善良;好意:友好行为仁慈
二、构词法(词性转换)
形容词:kind /karnd/(adj.善良的;友好的)
名词:kindness(由kind+-ness构成)
副词:kindly/karndli/(adv.亲切地;仁慈地)
三、用法与常见搭配
show/express kindness to sb.(对某人表示友善)
an act of kindness(一次善举)
out of kindness(出于好意)
kindness towards animals(对动物的仁慈)
四、拓展用法
常见句型:It's a kindness to do sth.(做某事是善举)
例句:It was a kindness to help the old lady cross the road.
7:forgive
、
核心考点
词性:动词(v.)
核心义:V.原谅;宽恕;饶恕;免除
二、构词法(词性转换)
动词:forgive(原词,过去式:forgave,过去分词:forgiven)
名词:forgiveness/fa'gvms/(n.原谅;宽恕,由forgive去e+-ness构成》
形容词:forgiving/fa'gr/(ad.宽容的;宽恕的,由forgive去e+-ing构成)
三、用法与常见搭配
forgive sb.(原谅某人)
forgive sb.for(doing)sth.(原谅某人做了某事)
forgive an insult/debt(宽恕侮辱/免除债务)
He found it hard to forgive.(他难以原谅。)
四、拓展用法
近义词辨析:forgive vs.excuse vs.pardon
forgive:侧重指从内心真正放下对他人过错的怨恨,语气较强。
excuse:强调为轻微的过失或疏忽找理由,或表示宽容。
pardon:较正式,可指官方赦免罪行,也可用于口语请求原谅(=soy)。
例旬:I'l1 excuse your lateness this time,but don't be late again
8:excuse
、
核心考点
词性:动词(v.)、名词(n.)
核心义:v.原谅;宽恕;为…辩解n.借口;理由:托词
二、构词法(词性转换)
动词:excuse(原词)
名词:excuse(同形名词)
形容词:excusable /Ik'skju:zab/(adj.可原谅的,由excuse+-able构成)
三、用法与常见搭配
excuse sb.for(doing)sth.(原谅某人做某事)
excuse oneself(为自己辩解;礼貌地告辞)
excuse me(打扰一下;对不起,用于引起注意或道歉)
make an excuse(找借口)
a poor excuse(蹩脚的借口)
without excuse(无故)
四、拓展用法
近义词辨析:excuse vs.pretext
excuse:指为过错或疏忽找的理由,可能是真实的也可能是编造的。
pretext::指为掩盖真实意图而编造的借口,含贬义。
例句:He used illness as a pretext for not attending the meeting
9:pardon
“、
核心考点
词性:动词(v.)、名词(n.)
核心义:v.原谅;赦免;宽恕n.原谅;赦免;宽恕
二、用法与常见搭配
pardon sb.(原谅某人)
pardon sb.for(doing)sth.(原谅某人做了某事)
I beg your pardon..(对不起,请原谅;请再说一遍)
grant/give sb.a pardon(赦免某人)
三、拓展用法
正式用语:pardon较正式,常用于法律或正式场合表示”赦免”
口语用法:I beg your pardon.可用于道歉或请求重复
二、词汇巩固练习
(一)单项选择(10题)
1.My grandfather is a/an man who never tells lies.
A)honest
B)honesty
C)honestly
D)dishonest
2.To with you,I don't think this plan will work.
A)be honest
B)honest
C)honesty
D)honestly
3.The little girl was enough to save her brother from the fire
A)bravely
B)brave
C)bravery
D)courageously
4.The soldiers fought in the battle and finally won.
A)brave
B)bravery
C)bravely
D)courage
5.It's_of you to help the old lady carry her bags.
A)kind
B)kindly
C)kindness
D)kinds
6.We should show_to animals and never hurt them.
A)kind
B)kindly
C)kindness
D)kinds
7.Please me for being late-I missed the bus
A)forgive
B)excuse
C)pardon
D)forget
8.He finally his mistake and apologized to his friend.
A)forgive
B)forgave
C)forgiveness
D)forgiving
9.Don't makefor your laziness-you should work harder.
A)excuse
B)excuses
C)excused
D)excusing
10.She the storm to reach the hospital on time.
A)brave
B)braved
C)bravery
D)bravely
(二)根据提示补全句子(6题)
1.He spoke (honest)about his feelings.
2.Her_(brave)in facing difficulties moved everyone.
3.The teacher treated all students with(kind).
4.After the argument,they shook hands and_(forgive)each other.
5.You need to_(brave)your fears and try again
6.It's important to show (honest)in all relationships.
(三)首字母填空(10题)
1.H is the best policy,so always tell the truth.
2.The firefighter a bravely to save the child from the burning house.
3.She has a k heart and often volunteers at the animal shelter.
4.Please f me for forgetting your birthday-I'll make it up to you.
5.Don't eyour mistakes;instead,learn from them.
6.The little boy was benough to stand up to the bully.
7.In all h,I didn't expect to win the competition.
8.She smiled k at the stranger and offered help.
9.Forgiveness is more important than holding onto g
10.They bthe heavy rain to attend the important meeting
(四)答案与解析
1.单项选择答案:A AB C A CABB B
解析1(第1题):
考查honest的形容词用法。句意为”我的祖父是一个从不撒谎的诚实的人”,需要形容
词作定语修饰man,故选A。
解析2(第2题):
考查固定搭配to be honest with you,意为”老实跟你说”,作插入语,故选A。
解析3(第3题):
考查brve的形容词用法。句意为”小女孩足够勇敢地从火中救出她的弟弟”,需要形容
词作表语,故选B。
解析4(第7题):
考查forgive的动词用法。句意为”请原凉我迟到一我错过了公交车”,需要动词原形,
故选A。
解析5(第10题):
考查bve的动词用法。句意为她冒着大雨准时到达医院”,需要动词过去式,故选B。
2.补全句子答案:
1.honestly 2.bravery 3.kindness 4.forgave 5.brave 6.honesty
3.首字母填空答案:
1.Honesty 2.acted 3.kind 4.forgive 5.excuse 6.brave 7.honesty 8.kindly 9.grudges 10.
braved
英语词汇复习手册·必修第二册·Unit2 Helpful Schoolmates-Reading Further