Unit 5 Olympic History-Reading Acively-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册期末词汇复习（重大版）

期末词汇复习 选择性必修第二册·重庆大学版·Unit5 OlympicHistory-Readin gAcively 一、重点单词详解 1:equality 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n) 核心义：n.平等；相等 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：equal(adj.平等的；相等的) 形容词：equal（由equ-(相等)+-al(形容词后缀)构成) 动词：equal(t.等于；比得上) 名词：equality(由equal+-ity(名词后缀，表性质)构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 名词： 1 acial/gender equality(种族/性别平等) equality between..and..(…与…之间的平等) the principle of equality(平等原则) 形容词： be equal to(等于；能胜任) equal rights/opportunities(平等的权利/机会) 动词： A equals B in…(A在…方面等于B) 四、重点辨析 equal (adj.)vs.equivalent (adj.): equal强调”数量、大小、地位等完全相同”；equivalent侧重”功能、价值等相当”，如 equivalent effect(同等效果)。 2:fundamental 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.)/名词(n.) 核心义：adj.基本的；根本的n.基本原理 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：fnd(n.基金；基础) 名词：fundament(n.基础；根本) 形容词：fundamental(由fundament+-al(形容词后缀)构成) 副词：fundamentally(由fundamental+-y构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 形容词： fundamental principles(基本原则) be fundamental to(对…至关重要) 名词（常pl): the fundamentals of math（数学的基本原理) 四、重点辨析 fundamental vs.basic: fundamental强调”构成基础，不可或缺”，如fundamental changes(根本性变化)；basic 指？简单、初级的基础”，如basic knowledge（基础知识)。 3:consistent 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.一致的；始终如一的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：sist(=stand,站立) 动词：consist(i.由…组成；在于) 名词：consistency(n.一致性；连贯性) 形容词：consistent(由consist+-ent(形容词后缀)构成) 副词：consistently(由consistent-+-y构成) 用法与常见搭配 固定搭配： be consistent with(与…一致) consistent performance(稳定的表现) 反义词：inconsistent(adj.不一致的) 四、拓展用法 It is consistent of sb.to do sth.(某人做某事与性格一致) 4:competitive 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj) 核心义：adj.竞争的；有竞争力的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：pet(seek,追求) 动词：compete(i.竞争；比赛) 名词：competition(n.竞争；比赛)；competitor(n.竞争者) 形容词：competitive（由compete+-itive(形容词后缀)构成) 副词：competitively(由competitive+-ly构成) 三、 用法与常见搭配 形容词： competitive sports(竞技体育) be competitive with（与…有竞争力) a competitive price(有竞争力的价格) 四、常见搭配 gain a competitive advantage(获得竞争优势〉 5:symbolic 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(ad山j.) 核心义：adj.象征的；象征性的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：symbol(n.象征；符号) 动词：symbolize(vt.象征；代表) 形容词：symbolic(由symbol+-ic(形容词后缀)构成) 副词：symbolically(由symbolic+-ly构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 be symbolic of(象征…) symbolic meaning(象征意义) 四、重点辨析 symbolic vs.significant: symbolic侧重”具有象征意义”，如a symbolic gesture（象征性手势)；significant指'重 要的，有意义的”，如a significant event(重大事件)。 6:separate 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(ad.)/动词(v.) 核心义：adj.分开的；单独的v.分开；分离 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：par(=prepare,准备) 形容词：separate（由se-（分开)+par十-ate(形容词后缀)构成) 动词：separate（由形容词转化而来) 名词：separation(n.分离；分开) 、 用法与常见搭配 动词： separate A from B(把A和B分开) separate into(分成…) 形容词： a separate room(单独的房间) be separate from（与…分离) 四、重点辨析 separate vs.divide: separate强调”使原本在一起的事物分开”，如separate the good apples from the bad ones; divide侧重”按比例或数量分成部分，如divide the cake into six pieces。. 7:disabled 、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.残疾的；有缺陷的 二、 构词法（词性转换） 词根：able(adj.能够的；有能力的) 动词：disable(vt.使残疾；使失去能力，由dis-(否定前缀)+able构成) 名词：disability(n.残疾；缺陷，由disable+-ity构成) 形容词：disabled(由disable+-ed(形容词后缀)构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 the disabled(残疾人，表一类人，作主语时谓语用复数) disabled children(残疾儿童) 四、注意事项 ”残疾人”的委婉表达：people with disabilities(更正式、尊重)。 8:swift 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.)/副词(adv.) 核心义：adj.迅速的；敏捷的adv.迅速地 、 构词法（词性转换） 副词：swiftly(由swift+-ly构成) 名词：swiftness(n.迅速；敏捷) 三、 用法与常见搭配 形容词： a swift response(迅速的反应) be swift to do sth.（迅速做某事) 副词： act swiftly(迅速行动) 四、重点辨析 swift vs.quick vs.rapid: swift强调”动作敏捷，不拖延”，如swift action(果断行动)；quick侧重”时间短，反应 快”，如a quick answer;rapid指”速度快，持续进行”，如rapid growth(快速增长)。 9:equivalent 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.)/名词(n.) 核心义：adj.相等的；相当的n.等价物 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：equ-(相等)+val(value,价值) 形容词：equivalent(由equ-+val+-ent构成) 名词：equivalence(n.相等；等价) 三、用法与常见搭配 形容词： be equivalent to(等于；相当于) equivalent weight(当量) 名词： the equivalent of.（…的等价物) 四、重点辨析 equivalent vs.equal: equivalent后常接介词to,强调”价值、意义等相当”；equal可接to或in,强调”数量、 大小等完全相同”。 10:compete 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：i.竞争；比赛 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：pet(=seek,追求) 名词：competition(n.竞争；比赛，由compete+-ition构成) 形容词：competitive(见上文) 名词：competitor(n.竞争者，由compete+-itor构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 compete in（参加…比赛) compete with/against sb.for sth.(与某人竞争某物) compete for a prize(争夺奖项) 四、注意事项 不及物动词，不可直接接宾语，需加介词。 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.Gender is a fundamental human right that should be protected by law. A)equal B)equality C)equivalent D)equivalence 2.Fresh air and clean water are-to human survival. A)fundamental B)basic C)essential D)necessary 3.Her actions are always__with her words,so everyone trusts her. A)consistent B)constant C)continuous D)considerate 4.In today's_job market,having practical skills is crucial for young people. A)compete B)competition C)competitive D)competitor 5.The red rose is often_oflove and passion in many cultures. A)symbol B)symbolic C)symbolize D)symbolism 6.It is necessary to the patients with infectious diseases from others. A)divide B)separate C)split D)distribute 7.The organization aims to improve the living conditions of-people in rural areas. A)disable B)disability C)disabled D)disabling 8.The government took_action to control the spread of the virus. A)swift B)quick C)rapid D)fast 9.One hour of studying in the morning is to two hours at night for some students A)equal B)equivalent C)same D)similar 10.Athletes from all over the world will in the upcoming Olympic Games. A)compete B)fight C)struggle D)contest (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.The principle of(equal)is written into the country's constitution 2.Good health is_(fundament)to a person's happiness and success. 3.To maintain(consistent),you should follow the same rules every day. 4.Our team needs to improve its(compete)to win the championship. 5.The dove is(symbol)of peace and freedom. 6.The(separate)of powers is an important feature of democratic systems. 7.People with(disable)should have equal access to education and employment. 8.The company responded_(swift)to the customer's complaint. 9.What is the_(equivalent)of 100 US dollars in Chinese yuan today? 10.The coach emphasized the importance of(consist)training for athletes. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and r 2.A good education provides the f skills needed for future development. 3.The data from the two experiments must be cwith each other to draw a conclusion. 4.Companies are investing more in technology to stay c in the global market. 5.The lighting of the Olympic torch has a s meaning of peace and unity. 6.The river sthe city into two parts:the east and the west. 7.Public facilities should be accessible to the d as well as the general public. 8.The rescue team made a sdecision to save the trapped miners first. 9.A master's degree in this field is eto five years of work experience. 10.Young athletes train hard every day to cfor a place on the national team. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：B AA CB B C A B A 2.补全句子答案： 1.equality 2.fundamental 3.consistency 4.competitiveness 5.symbolic 6.separation 7.dis- abilities 8.swiftly 9.equivalent 10.consistent 3.首字母填空答案： 1.rights 2.fundamental 3.consistent 4.competitive 5.symbolic 6.separates 7.disabled 8. swift 9.equivalent 10.compete 英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第二册·Unit5 Olympic History-Reading Acively