Unit 5 History and the World-Reading Acively-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册期末词汇复习（重大版）

期末词汇复习 选择性必修第四册·重庆大学版·Unit5 Historyandthe World-.Re adingAcively 一、重点单词详解 1:anxious 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(ad.) 核心义：adj.焦虑的；担忧的：渴望的 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：anxiety/eI'zaroti/(焦虑；渴望) 副词：anxiously/enkfasli/（焦虑地；急切地) 三、 用法与常见搭配 be anxious about sth.(为某事担忧) be anxious for sth.(渴望某物) be anxious to do sth.(渴望做某事) 四、拓展用法 区分anxious/.eager:anxious强调担忧中渴望，eager强调”积极渴望 例：He is anxious to pass the exam.(因担忧而渴望通过考试) He is eager to join the club.（积极渴望加入俱乐部) 2:anxiety 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.焦虑；忧虑：渴望 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：anxious/'eks/(焦虑的；渴望的) 副词：anxiously/'enkfesli/(焦虑地) 三、用法与常见搭配 不可数名词（表抽象概念） suffer from anxiety(患有焦虑症) feelings of anxiety(焦虑感) 可数名词（具体焦虑的事） mental anxieties（精神上的忧虑) 四、拓展用法 固定短语：with anxiety（焦虑地)=anxiously 例：She waited for news with anxiety.（她焦虑地等待消息) 3:horrified 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.惊骇的；受惊吓的 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：horrify/'horifar/(使惊骇；使恐惧) 名词：horror/hora(/(恐惧；惊骇) 副词：horrifyingly/'horfarli/(令人恐惧地) 三、用法与常见搭配 形容词(horrified) be horrified at/by sth.(对某事感到惊骇) be horrified to do sth.(因做某事而惊骇) 动词(horrify) horrify sb.（使某人惊骇) 例：The news horrified the nation.(这消息震惊了全国) 四、辨析 horrified/terrified:horrified侧重”因厌恶/何怕的事而惊g骇'，terrified侧重”因威胁而极 度害怕” 4:terrified 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.非常害怕的；极度惊恐的 二、 构词法（词性转换） 动词：terrify/terrfar/（使恐惧；恐吓) 名词：terror/tera)/(恐怖；恐惧)》 副词：terrifyingly'terrfamli/（极度地；可怕地) 三、用法与常见搭配 形容词（terrified) be terrified of sth./sb.(害怕某物/某人) be terrified to do sth.(不敢做某事) be terrified that..(害怕…) 动词（terrify) terrify sb.into doing sth.(恐吓某人做某事) 例：The noise terrified the children,(噪音吓坏了孩子们) 四、辨析 terrified/afraid:terrified语气强于afraid,表”极度恐惧；afraid为普通用词 例：I'm afraid of dogs..（我怕狗) I'm terrified of snakes.(我极度怕蛇) 5:reluctantly 、核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：adv.不情愿地；勉强地 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：reluctant/I'laktant/(不情愿的；勉强的) 名词：reluctance红lAktans/(不情愿；勉强) 三、用法与常见搭配 副词（修饰动词） agree reluctantly(勉强同意) do sth.reluctantly(不情愿地做某事) 形容词(reluctant) be reluctant to do sth.(不情愿做某事) 例：She was reluctant to leave.(她不愿离开) 名词(reluctance) show reluctance to do sth.(表现出不愿做某事) 四、拓展用法 固定短语：with reluctance(不情愿地)=reluctantly 例：He accepted the job with reluctance.(他勉强接受了这份工作) 6:surrender 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.)/名词(n.) 核心义：v.m.投降：屈服；交出；放弃 二、 构词法（词性转换） 名词：surrender(投降；放弃) 动词：surrender（投降；交出) 三、 用法与常见搭配 动词（及物） surrender sth.tosb.(把某物交给某人) 例：He surrendered his passport to the police..(他把护照交给了警方) 动词（不及物） surrender to sb./sth.（向某人/某物屈服) 例：Never surrender to difficulties.(永不向困难屈服) 名词(surrender) nconditional surrender(无条件投降) the surrender ofland(土地的交出) 四、拓展用法 固定短语：surrender oneself to(沉迷于；屈服于) 例：He surrendered himself to despair..(他陷入绝望) 7:appealing 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.有吸引力的；动人的；恳求的 二、 构词法（词性转换） 动词：appeal/pi:V(v.呼吁；吸引；上诉) 名词：appeal/Api:/(n.吸引力；呼吁；上诉) 副词：appealingly/A'pi:li/(恳求地；有吸引力地) 三、用法与常见搭配 形容词(appealing） be appealing to sb.(对某人有吸引力) an appealing smile(动人的微笑) 动词(appeal) appeal for sth.(呼吁某物) appeal to sb.(吸引某人；向某人上诉) 例：The design appeals to young people.(这个设计吸引年轻人) 名词(appeal) have appeal(有吸引力) make an appeal(发出呼吁) 四、拓展用法 appealing作”恳求的”时，搭配：an appealing look(恳求的表情) 8:interpretation 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.解释；说明；诠释 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：interpret/in't3pIt/(v.解释；翻译) 形容词：interpretive /in't3 pratrv/(adj.解释的；说明的) 副词：interpretively/in't3 pratrvli/(解释地) 三、 用法与常见搭配 可数名词（具体的解释） different interpretations(不同的解释) an interpretation of a poem（诗歌的诠释) 不可数名词（抽象概念） skill in inte1 pretation(解释技巧) 动词(interpret) interpret sth.as..(把某事解释为…) interpret for sb.（为某人翻译) 例：He interpreted her silence as agreement.(他把她的沉默理解为同意) 四、辨析 interpretation/explanation:interpretation侧重”主观诠释”（如艺术、文本)，explanation 侧重”客观解释原因” 9:integrity 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.诚实；正直；完整 、 构词法omorph(词性转换) 形容词：integral/'ntrgral/(adj.完整的；必需的) 动词：integrate/'ntgrert/(v.使一体化：整合) 三、用法与常见搭配 不可数名词 moral integrity(道德正直) personal integrity(个人诚信) the integrity of the system(系统的完整性) 四、固定短语 uphold integrity(坚持诚信) lack of integrity(缺乏诚信) 例：He is a man of great integrity.(他是个非常正直的人) 10:philosopher 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.哲学家；哲人 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：philosophy/fa'Ipsafi/（哲学；哲理) 形容词：philosophical/fla'sDfl/（哲学的；达观的) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.She was_to hear about the terrible accident A)anxious B)horified C)terrified D)reluctant 2.The little girl is of dogs after being bitten last year. A)anxious B)horrified C)terrified D)appealing 3.He_accepted the invitation because he had other plans. A)anxiously B)reluctantly C)appealingly D)horrifyingly 4.The government called for the of all illegal weapons. A)surrender B)anxiety C)integrity D)interpretation 5.Different cultural backgrounds may lead to different_of the same story. A)integrities B)interpretations C)anxieties D)horrors 6.Hersmile made everyone in the room feel warm. A)anxious B)horrified C)appealing D)reluctant 7.We should always uphold the_of the law. A)integrity B)surrender C)anxiety D)philosophy 8.The students waited for the results of the exam. A)reluctantly B)anxiously C)appealingly D)terrifyingly 9.He himself to despair after failing the competition. A)surrendered B)interpreted C)horrified D)terrified 10.The look on her face showed she was in great fear. A)anxious B)horrified C)reluctant D)philosophical (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.She felt a deep sense of(anxious)before the interview. 2.The(horror)scene in the movie made her cry. 3.He spoke(reluctant)about his past experiences 4.The company needs to(integration)its new departments 5.Her_(interpret)of the poem was praised by the teacher. 6.The(philosophy)teachings of Confucius are still influential today. 7.They(surrender)their weapons to the police 8.The(terrify)news spread quickly throughout the town 9.He showed great(integral)in dealing with the problem 10.The(appeal)design of the product attracted many customers. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.She was aabout her son's safety when he didn't come home on time. 2.The villagers were h by the terrible flood that destroyed their homes. 3.He ragreed to help us because he was very busy. 4.The soldiers had no choice but to sto the enemy. 5.The artist's i of the classic novel was quite unique. 6.We should always keep our iand never tell lies. 7.The little boy was t of the dark and always slept with a light on. 8.The aof the new policy made it very popular among young people. 9.Many people suffer from a in modern society due to work pressure. 10.The pargued that happiness comes from within. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：B C B A B CA B A B 解析1（第1题）： 考查horrified的用法。be horrified to hear表示”听到…感到惊骇”，符合句意”她听 到这个可怕的事故感到惊骇”；anxious表示”焦虑的”，terrified表示”极度害怕的”， eluctant表示？不情愿的”，均不符合语境，故选B。 解析2（第2题）： 考查terrified的固定搭配。be terrified of sth.表示”害怕某物”，符合句意”这个小女孩去 年被咬后很怕狗”；anxious表示”焦虑的”，horrified表示惊骇的”，appealing表示”有 吸引力的”，均不符合语境，故选C。 解析3（第4题）： 考查surrender的名词用法。surrender表示”交出；放弃”，符合句意”政府呼吁交出所有 非法武器”；anxiety表示”焦虑”，integrity表示”正直”，interpretation表示解释”，均 不符合语境，故选A。 2.补全句子答案： 1.anxiety 2.horrifying 3.reluctantly 4.integrate 5.interpretation 6.philosophical 7.surren- dered 8.terrifying 9.integrity 10.appealing 3.首字母填空答案： 1.anxious 2.horrified 3.reluctantly 4.surrender 5.interpretation 6.integrity 7.terrified 8. appeal 9.anxiety 10.philosopher 英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第四册·Unit5 History and the World-Reading Acively