Unit 1 Culture in Names-Reading Acively-2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册期末词汇复习（重大版）

期末词汇复习 选择性必修第四册·重庆大学版·Unit1CultureinNames-.Readin gAcively 一、重点单词详解 1:truthful 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(ad.) 核心义：adj.诚实的；真实的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：uth(n.真相；事实) 形容词：truthful（由tuth+-fl构成，表”充满…的) 副词：truthfully(truthful+-ly,adv.诚实地；真实地) 名词：truthfi山ness（truthful+-ness,n.诚实；真实性) 三、用法与常见搭配 be truthful about sth.（对某事诚实) a truthful statement/report（真实的陈述/报告) speak/write truthfully(诚实地说/写) 四、重点辨析 truthful vs.honest truthful侧重内容”真实、符合事实”，如a truthful answer(真实的回答)： honest侧重品质”正直、不欺骗，如an honest person(诚实的人)。 五、写作应用 A truthful account of events helps build trust between people. 真实的事件叙述有助于建立人与人之间的信任。 2:apart 核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：adv.分开：相距；单独 二、构词法 前缀a-(表”在…状态”)+pat(v.m.分开；部分)→apat（adv.分开地) 相关短语：apart from(除…之外；此外) 三、用法与常见搭配 take apart(拆开；剖析) set apart(使分离；使突出) live apart（分居) apart from 1(=except for/besides,除…外) far apart（相距遥远) stand apart(站开；保持距离) 四、拓展用法 apat无形容词形式，表”分开的”用separated(adj.分离的)或apat作表语，如The two villages are5 km apart.(两村相距5公里)。 五、写作应用 Apart from academic achievements,we should also focus on personal growth 除学业成绩外，我们还应关注个人成长。 3:shorten 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：V.缩短；变短 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：shot(adj.短的；矮的) 动词：shorten(shot+-en构成，表”使…变短) 反义词：lengthen(v.延长；变长) 名词：shortening(n.缩短；起酥油) 三、用法与常见搭配 shorten sth.by.(将某物缩短…) shorten the distance between..（缩短…之间的距离) The days shorten in winter.(冬季白天变短。) 四、重点辨析 shorten vs.reduce shorten侧重”长度、时间、距离的缩短”，如shorten a skirt(把裙子改短)： reduce侧重”数量、程度的减少，如reduce costs(降低成本)。 五、写作应用 We can shorten the meeting time by focusing on key issues. 我们可以通过聚焦关键问题来缩短会议时间。 4:lengthen 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.(使)变长；延长 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：length（n.长度；时间长短) 动词：lengthen(1 ength+-en构成，表”使…变长) 反义词：shorten(v.缩短) 形容词：long(adj.长的) 三、用法与常见搭配 lengthen sth.to..(将某物延长至…) lengthen the lifespan(延长寿命) The days lengthen in spring.(春季白天变长。) 四、重点辨析 lengthen vs.extend lengthen侧重”物理长度或时间自然变长”，如The road has been lengthened.(道路已延 长)； extend侧重”主动扩展范围、时间”，如extend the deadline(延长截止日期)。 五、写作应用 Regular exercise can lengthen your lifespan and improve health. 规律运动能延长寿命并改善健康。 5:status 、 核心考点 词性：名词(.) 核心义：n.地位；身份；状态 二、构词法 词根：state(n.状态；国家)+-us(名词后缀)→status(n.状态；地位) 易混淆词：statue(n.雕像)、statute(n.法规) 三、用法与常见搭配 social status(社会地位) marital status（婚姻状况) status symbol（身份象征) the status of..(…的状态/地位) improve/raise one's status（提升某人地位) 四、重点辨析 status vs.position status侧重”社会地位、法律身份”，如high status（高地位)： position侧重”职位、位置”，如a senior position(高级职位)。 五、写作应用 Education plays a key role in improving one's social status. 教育在提升个人社会地位中起关键作用。 6:patriotic 核心考点 词性：形容词(ad山j.) 核心义：adj.爱国的；有爱国心的 二、构词法（词性转换） 名词：patriot(n.爱国者) 形容词：patriotic(patriot+-ic构成，表”.…的) 名词：patriotism(n.爱国主义) 三、用法与常见搭配 patriotic feelings(爱国情怀) a patriotic song（爱国歌曲) be patriotic to one's country（热爱祖国) 四、重点辨析 patriotic vs.nationalistic patriotic为褒义”爱国的”，如patriotic actions(爱国行为)； nationalistic常含贬义”狭隘民族主义的”，如extreme nationalistic views(极端民族主义 观点)。 五、写作应用 We should cultivate patriotic spirit from a young age. 我们应从小培养爱国精神。 7:responsible 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.有责任的：负责的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：response(n.回应) 动词：respond(i.回应；负责) 名词：responsibility(n.责任；职责) 派生词：irresponsible(adj.不负责任的，否定前缀ir-) E、 用法与常见搭配 be responsible for(对…负责；是…的原因) be responsible to sb.(对某人负责) a responsible job(责任重大的工作) hold sb.responsible for(追究某人对…的责任) 四、拓展用法 responsible无副词形式，表？负责地”用responsibly(adv.),如act responsibly（负责任 地行动)。 五、写作应用 As students,we are responsible for our own learning. 作为学生，我们应对自己的学习负责。 8:stability 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.稳定（性）：稳固（性) 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：stable(adj.稳定的；稳固的) 名词：stability(stable+-ity构成，表”性质”) 动词：stabilize(v.使稳定；稳固) 三、用法与常见搭配 social stability(社会稳定) economic stability(经济稳定) ensure/maintain stability(确保/维持稳定) the stability of..(…的稳定性) 四、重点辨析 stability vs.steadiness stability侧重”系统、局势的稳定”，如political stability(政治稳定)； steadiness侧重'动作、性格的平稳，如the steadiness of his hands（他双手的平稳)。 五、写作应用 Economic development and social stability are closely related 经济发展与社会稳定密切相关。 9:popularity 、 核心考点 词性：名词（n.) 核心义：n.流行；普及；受欢迎 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：popular(adj.流行的：受欢迎的) 名词：popularity(popular+-ity构成) 动词：popularize(v.推广；使普及) 三、用法与常见搭配 gain/win popularity(获得欢迎) the popularity of...(…的流行/普及) enjoy great popularity（广受欢迎) decline in popularity(受欢迎度下降) 四、拓展用法 popular无副词形式，表”流行地”用commonly或widely,如English is widely spoken. (英语被广泛使用)。 五、写作应用 Online shopping has gained great popularity among young people 网购在年轻人中广受欢迎。 10:old-fashioned 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.老式的；过时的；守旧的 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.It is important to beabout your mistakes if you want to improve. A)truthful B)honest C)loyal D)sincere 2.The two cities are 200 kilometers_. A)apart B)separate C)divided D)aside 3.We need to_the report to 5 pages before submission. A)reduce B)shorten C)decrease D)narrow 4.Spring comes and the days start to_ A)extend B)prolong C)lengthen D)stretch 5.Her promotion has greatly improved her social_ A)position B)status C)rank D)role 6.The students sang-songs to celebrate National Day. A)patriotic B)nationalistic C)loyal D)faithful 7.Parents should be for their children's education. A)responsible B)responsive C)reliable D)reasonable 8.Economic is essential for the country's development. A)steadiness B)stability C)balance D)harmony 9.Mobile payment has won great_among urban residents. A)popularity B)fame C)reputation D)recognition 10.My grandmother still uses an radio instead of a smart speaker. A)old-styled B)out-dated C)old-fashioned D)traditional (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.He answered all questions(truthful) 2.The(long)of the bridge is 500 meters 3.We need to take(responsible)for protecting the environment. 4.The government is taking measures to ensure social_(stable) 5.Online learning has gained increasing-(popular)during the pandemic. 6.The company decided to_(short)the working hours to improve efficiency. 7.(truth)is the foundation of any healthy relationship 8.Regular exercise helps to(length)people's lifespan. 9.The_(state)of emergency was declared after the earthquake. 10.She speaks-(honest)about her past experiences. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.T reporting is crucial for maintaining public trust in media. 2.A from studying,we should also participate in extracurricular activities. 3.The tailor will s the dress by 5 centimeters. 4.Daylight hours 1 as we approach summer. 5.People often judge others by their social s. 6.The soldiers showed great pspirit in defending their country 7.Each citizen has the r to obey the law. 8.Political s is necessary for economic growth 9.The p_of K-pop has spread worldwide in recent years. 10.Young people tend to think traditional customs are o_. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：AA B CB AA B AC 2.补全句子答案： truthfully length responsibility stability popularity shorten Truth lengthen status honestly 3.首字母填空答案： Truthful Apait shorten lengthen status patriotic responsibility stability popularity old-fashioned 英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第四册·Unit 1 Culture in Names-Reading Acively