内容正文:
期末词汇复习
选择性必修第三册·重庆大学版·Unit2 DilemmaandSolution-Re
ading Further
一、
重点单词详解
1:misguided
一、核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:adj.误入歧途的:被误导的
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:gide(v.指导;带领)
前缀:mis-(错误地;否定)→misguided(被错误指导的)
动词:misguide(v.误导)
名词:misguidance(n.错误指导)
三、
用法与常见搭配
形容词短语:
a misguided decision/policy(错误的决定/政策)
be misguided in doing sth.(在做某事上被误导)
动词搭配:
misguide sb.into doing sth.(误导某人做某事)
四、重点辨析
misguided vs.wrong:
misguided强调”因判断失误或被误导而产生的错误”,带有被动意味;wrong泛指”不
正确的”,语气较弱。
2:compulsory
一、核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:adj.强制的;义务的;必修的
二、
构词法(词性转换)
词根:compel(v.强迫)
后缀:-oy(形容词后缀,表示…的)→compulsory(必须做的)
动词:compel(v.强迫;迫使)
名词:compulsion(n.强迫;强制力)
三、用法与常见搭配
常见搭配:
compulsory education(义务教育)
compulsory course/subject(必修课)
be compulsory for sb.to do sth.(对某人来说做某事是义务的)
反义词:optional(ad.可选的)
四、重点辨析
compulsory vs.mandatory:
两者均表示”强制的',compulsory更强调法律或规则要求,mandatory语气更强,常见
于正式文件。
3:confine
一、核心考点】
词性:动词(v.)/名词(n.)
核心义:v.限制;禁闭;n.(复数)界限;边界
二、
构词法(词性转换)
前缀:con-(共同;一起)
词根:fne(v.限制;结束)→confine(共同限制在范围内)
名词:confinement(n.限制;监禁)
现在分词:confining(ad.限制的)
三、用法与常见搭配
动词短语:
confine sb./sth.to sth.(将…限制在…范围内)
be confined to(局限于;被限制在)
名词短语:
within the confines of(在…范围内)
四、重点辨析
confine vs.limit:
confine侧重?空间或范围上的限制”,imit侧重”数量、程度或时间上的限制”。
4:acerbic
、
核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:adj.尖酸的;刻薄的
二、构词法(词性转换)
词根:acerb(adj.酸涩的;刻薄的,拉丁语词根)
后缀:-ic(形容词后缀)→acerbic(尖酸的)
名词:acerbity(n.尖酸;刻薄)
二、
用法与常见搭配
常见搭配:
acerbic comments/.criticism(尖酸的评论/批评)
an acerbic tone(刻薄的语气)
四、重点辨析
acerbic vs.sarcastic:
acerbic强调语言”尖锐、苦涩”,sarcastic侧重”讽刺、挖苦”,带有嘲笑意味。
5:allusion
、
核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.暗示;提及;引喻
、
构词法(词性转换)
词根:allude(v.暗示;提及)
后缀:-ion(名词后缀)→allusion(暗示的内容)
动词:allude(v.间接提及)
形容词:allusive(ad.暗示的;引喻的)
三、用法与常见搭配
固定搭配:
make an allusion to(提及;暗指)
cultural/.literary allusions(文化/文学典故)
动词搭配:
allude to sth.(间接提及某事)
四、重点辨析
allusion vs.illusion:
allusion表示暗示、引喻”;usion表示幻觉;错觉”,注意词形和含义区别。
6:pessimism
一、核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.悲观;悲观主义
二、
构词法(词性转换)
词根:pessim(最坏的;负面的,拉丁语词根)
后缀:-ism(名词后缀,表示”主义;态度”)→pessimism(悲观态度)
形容词:pessimistic(adj.悲观的)
副词:pessimistically(adv.悲观地)
反义词:optimism(n.乐观主义)
三、用法与常见搭配
常见搭配:
political pessimism(政治悲观主义)
be filled with pessimism(充满悲观情绪)
形容词短语:
be pessimistic about(对…感到悲观)
四、词性转换
pessimistic (adj.)-pessimistically (adv.)
She viewed the future pessimistically.(她悲观地看待未来。)
7:alternative
一、核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)/名词(n.)
核心义:adj.可供选择的;n.可供选择的事物
二、构词法(词性转换)
词1root:altern(v.交替;轮流)
后缀:-ative(形容词/名词后缀)→alternative(可替代的)
动词:alternate(v.交替;adj.交替的)
名词:alternation(n.交替;变化)
三、用法与常见搭配
形容词短语:
altemative energy(替代能源)
an alternative plan(备选方案)
名词短语:
have no alternative but to do sth.(除了做某事别无选择)
四、重点辨析
alternative vs.choice:
alternative强调两者或多者中选其一”,choice泛指”选择的机会或权利”。
8:initiative
、
核心考点
词性:名词(n.)/形容词(adj.)
核心义:n.倡议;主动性;a.主动的;自发的
、
构词法(词性转换)
词根:initial(adj.最初的;v.开始)
后缀:-ative(名词/形容词后缀)→initiative(主动性)
形容词:initial(adj.最初的)
副词:initially(adv.最初;开始)
三、用法与常见搭配
名词短语:
take the initiative(采取主动)
launch an initiative(发起一项倡议)
形容词短语:
show initiative(表现出主动性)
initiative action(主动行动)
四、常见搭配
on one's own initiative(主动地;自愿地)
lack initiative(缺乏主动性)
9:dimension
一、核心考点
词性:名词(n.)
核心义:n.方面;维度;尺寸
构词法(词性转换)
词根:neasure(v.测量,拉丁语词根dimensionem)
后缀:-ion(名词后缀)
→dimension(测量出的尺寸)
形容词:dimensional(adj.维度的)
复数:dimensions(常指”多方面)
三、用法与常见搭配
常见搭配:
spatial dimensions(空间维度)
social/political dimension(社会/政治方面)
动词搭配:
add a new dimension to(为…增添新的方面)
四、重点辨析
dimension vs.aspect:
dimension侧重”事物的维度或层面”,aspect强调”问题的某个特定方面”。
10:acerbic
一、核心考点
词性:形容词(adj.)
核心义:adj.尖酸的;刻薄的
二、
构词法(词性转换)
词根:acerb(adj.酸涩的;刻薄的,拉丁语词根)
后缀:-ic(形容词后缀)→acerbic(尖酸的)
名词:acerbity(n.尖酸;刻薄)
三、用法与常见搭配
常见搭配:
acerbic comments/.criticism(尖酸的评论/批评)
an acerbic tone(刻薄的语气)
四、重点辨析
acerbic vs.sarcastic:
acerbic强调语言”尖锐、苦涩”,sarcastic侧重”讽刺、挖苦”,带有嘲笑意味。
二、词汇巩固练习
(一)单项选择(10题)
1.The government's new policy was criticized asbecause it failed to consider the needs of
low-income families.
A)misguided
B)compulsory
C)alternative
D)pessimistic
2.In many countries,primary education is_and available to all children free of charge.
A)optional
B)compulsory
C)acerbic
D)allusive
3.The patient wasto bed for three days due to a severe fever.
A)confined
B)dimensioned
C)initiated
D)alluded
4.The critic's remarks about the novel caused a heated debate among readers
A)sarcastic
B)acerbic
C)illusory
D)optional
5.The poem contains several to Greek mythology,which may be unfamiliar to modern
readers.
A)illusions
B)allusions
C)compulsions
D)confinements
6.Excessive_can lead to a negative outlook on life and hinder personal growth.
A)optimism
B)pessimism
C)initiative
D)dimension
7.If you don't like coffee,there are several-drinks available,such as tea or juice.
A)alternative
B)compulsory
C)acerbic
D)allusive
8.Students are encouraged to take the in organizing extracurricular activities.
A)confinement
B)dimension
C)initiative
D)pessimism
9.The research project explores the social and cultural_of artificial intelligence.
A)dimensions
B)allusions
C)compulsions
D)initiatives
10.The manager decided to_the discussion to the budget issue to avoid unrelated argu-
ments.
A)allude
B)compel
C)confine
D)alternate
(二)根据提示补全句子(8题)
1.Her_(misguide)belief in quick success led to poor investment decisions
2.The new law makes it_(compel)for companies to reduce carbon emissions.
3.The prisoner's(confine)lasted for five years before he was released.
4.The speaker's_(acerbity)made many audience members feel uncomfortable.
5.The author often(allude)to Shakespearean plays in her novels
6.He has a(pessimistic)view of the economy and predicts a recession next year.
7.We need to find an(alternate)solution to this problem since the first plan failed.
8.The team showed great(initiate)by proposing a new marketing strategy.
(三)首字母填空(10题)
1.The teacher warned us not to be m_by false information online
2.Math and Chinese are csubjects for high school students in China.
3.The ancient city was once surrounded by walls that defined its c
4.The politician's a response to the reporter's question surprised everyone.
5.The article makes an ato a study published in 2023,but doesn't cite it directly.
6.Despite the challenges,she refused to give in to pand kept working hard.
7.Wind and solar power are considered aenergy sources to fossil fuels
8.Taking the ito apologize first helped resolve the conflict between them.
9.The novel explores the psychological d of human relationships
10.The museum's collection is within the c_of traditional Chinese art.
(四)答案与解析
1.单项选择答案:A BA BB BACA C
解析1(第1题):
考查misguided的用法。misguided强调因判断失误或被误导而产生的错误”,符合句
意”政府的新政策因未能考虑低收入家庭的需求而被批评为错误的;compulsory表示”
强制的?”,alternative表示”可供选择的”,pessimistic表示”悲观的”,均不符合语境,故
选A。
解析2(第2题):
考查compulsory的用法。compulsory education表示”义务教育”,符合句意”在许多国
家,初等教育是义务的,对所有儿童免费”;optional表示”可选的”,acerbic表示”尖酸
的”,allusive表示”暗示的”,均不符合语境,故选B。
解析3(第4题):
考查acerbic的用法。acerbic remarks表示”尖酸的评论”,符合句意”评论家对这部小说
的尖酸评论在读者中引起了激烈争论;sarcastic表示”讽刺的”,llusory表示”幻觉的,
optional表示可选的”,均不符合语境,故选B。
2.补全句子答案:
1.misguided 2.compulsory 3.confinement 4.acerbity 5.alludes 6.pessimistic 7.alternative
8.initiative
3.首字母填空答案:
1.misguided 2.compulsory 3.confines 4.acerbic 5.allusion 6.pessimism 7.alternative 8.
initiative 9.dimensions 10.confines
英语词汇复习手册·选择性必修第三册·Unit2 Dilemma and Solution-Reading Further