Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 一-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册期末词汇复习（译林版）

期末词汇复习 必修第三册·译林版·Unit4 Scientistswhochangedtheworld 一、重点单词详解 1:intend 一、核心考点 词性：动词(t.&vi) 核心义：想要，计划：意指 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：tend(v.趋向，倾向) 前缀n-(向内，朝向)+tend→intend（内心趋向→想要，计划) 名词：intention(n.意图，目的) 形容词：intent(adj.坚决的；专注的；n.意图) 三、用法与常见搭配 intend to do sth.计划做某事（表主动意图） intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事 be intended for为…设计/准备（被动含义，如The book is intended for students.) with the intention of怀着…的目的 四、重点辨析 intend vs.plan:intend侧重主观”意图”，plan强调具体？计划； I intend to study abroad.(主观想法) We plan to leave at8am.(具体安排) 2:sufficient 一、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：足够的，充足的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：suf伍ce（v.足够，满足) suffice+-ient(形容词后缀)→sufficient 副词：sufficiently(adv.足够地) 名词：sufficiency(n.充足，足量) 三、用法与常见搭配 be sufficient for sth.对某事足够（如Food is sufficient for the trip.) be sufficient to do sth.足以做某事（如Her income is sufficient to support the family.) 四、重点辨析 sufficient vs.enough:两者均表”足够”，sufficient更正式，多用于书面语；enough可作 形容词/副词，位置灵活（置于名词前或形容词后），sufficient仅作形容词，置于名词前。 We have enough time.=We have sufficient time.(形容词用法) He runs fast enough.(副词用法，不可用sufficiently) 3:beneficial 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：有益的，有用的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：benefit(v.有益于；n.益处) benefit+-ial(形容词后缀)→beneficial 动词：benefit(v.获益；有益于，如benefit from从中受益) 名词：benefit(n.好处，利益) 三、用法与常见搭配 be beneficial to sth./b.对…有益(to为介词，后接名词/动名词，如Regular exercise is beneficial to health. 常见搭配：beneficial effect有益效果 mutually beneficial互利的（如a mutually beneficial relationship互利关系) 4:extract 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)/动词(vt.) 核心义：n.提取物，选录；t.提取；取出 二、构词法（词性转换） 前缀ex-(向外)+tact(拉，引)→向外拉提取，取出 名词：extraction(n.提取；出身，如oil extraction石油开采) 、 用法与搭配 作动词：extract sth.from sth.从…中提取…（如extract juice from oranges榨橙汁； extract information from data从数据中提取信息) 作名词：a plant extract植物提取物；a extract from the novel小说选段 5:household 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.)/名词(n.) 核心义：adj.家庭的，家用的；n.一家人，家庭 构词法（合成词） house(房子)+hold(持有，容纳)→容纳一家人的房子→家庭 三、用法与搭配 作形容词：household chores家务；household appliances家用电器；household name家喻 户晓的人/物 作名词：a poor household贫困家庭；the head of the household户主 四、重点辨析 household vs.family:household强调”同住的一家人”，包括非血缘成员（如保姆）；family 侧重”血缘关系的家庭成员”。 6:error 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：错误，差错 二、 构词法（词性转换） 词根：er(v.犯错，出错，如err in judgment判断失误) er十-or(名词后缀)→error 三、用法与搭配 common error常见错误 make an err'or犯错误(=make a mistake) by error错误地(=by mistake) 四、重点辨析 error Vs.mistake:eror更正式，多指”违反规则、标准的错误”（如计算/语法错误）： mistake更口语化，侧重”意外失误”（如口误、笔误）。 a spelling error(拼写错误，强调违反语言规则) I made a mistake in the address..(地址写错了，意外失误) 7:wisdom 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：智慧，知识；明智 二、构词法（词性转换） 形容词：wise(adj.明智的，有智慧的) wise+-dom（名词后缀，表”状态/性质)→wisdom 三、 用法与搭配 traditional wisdom传统智慧 the wisdom of doing sth..做某事的明智之处（如the wisdom of saving money存钱的明智) accumulate wisdom积累智慧 固定搭配：in one's wisdom凭某人的智慧（常含讽刺意味，如In his wisdom,he decided to quit his job.） 8:beneficial “、 核心考点 词性：形容词（ad山j.) 核心义：有益的，有用的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：benefit(v.有益于；n.益处) benefit+-ial（形容词后缀)→beneficial 动词：benefit(v.获益：有益于，如benefit from从…中受益) 名词：benefit(n.好处，利益) 、 用法与常见搭配 be beneficial to sth.b.对…有益(to为介词，后接名词/动名词，如Regular exercise is beneficial to health. 常见搭配：beneficial effect有益效果 mutually beneficial互利的（如a mutually beneficial relationship互利关系） 9:postpone 一、核心考点 词性：动词(t.) 核心义：延迟，延期 二、构词法（词性转换） 前缀post-(后，迟)+pone(放置，来自拉丁语ponere)→往后放→延迟 名词：postponement(n.延期，延迟) 三、用法与搭配 postpone sth.延迟某事（如postpone the meeting推迟会议） postpone doing sth.延迟做某事（接动名词，不可接不定式，如He postponed leaving for Paris.) 四、重点辨析 postpone vs.delay:postpone强调'主动计划延期'，宾语多为会议、活动等；delay可作 动词/名词，侧重”因客观原因耽搁”（如taf伍c delay交通延误）。 The game was postponed due to rain.(主动延期) The flight was delayed by fog.(客观耽搁) 10:extract 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)/动词(t) 核心义：n.提取物，选录；vt.提取；取出 二、构词法（词性转换） 前缀ex-(向外)+tact(拉，引)→向外拉→提取，取出 名词：extraction(n.提取；出身，如oil extraction石油开采) 三、用法与搭配 作动词：extract sth.from sth.从…中提取…（如extract juice from oranges榨橙汁： extract information from data从数据中提取信息) 作名词：a plant extract植物提取物：a extract from the novel小说选段 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The company_to launch a new product line next month. A)intends B)intending C)intended D)intend 2.Her salary is_to cover all monthly expenses. A)sufficient B)sufficient]山y C)sufficiency D)suffice 3.Regular exercise is to physical and mental health. A)beneficial B)benefit C)benefiting D)benefited 4.Scientists are trying to a new drug from this rare plant. A)extract B)extraction C)extracted D)extracting 5.This cleaning robot is designed foruse. A)household B)households C)householding D)householder 6.A common spelling in this word is missing the final"s". A)error B)errors C)err D)erred 7.Traditional_often contains valuable life lessons. A)wisdom B)wise C)wisdoms D)wisely 8.The meeting was due to the chairman's sudden illness A)postponed B)postpone C)postponing D)postponement 9.The novel includes several from historical documents A)extracts B)extract C)extraction D)extracting 10.Fresh air and sunlight are to young children's growth. A)beneficial B)benefit C)benefiting D)benefited (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.She has no(intend)of giving up her career. 2.The evidence is not_(sufficient)to prove his guilt. 3.Reading widely (beneficial)students in many ways. 4.The(extract)of minerals from this area caused environmental damage. 5.The_(household)of the family made all important decisions. 6.He admitted(error)a mistake in the calculation 7.The_(wisdom)old man gave us useful advice. 8.We deeply regret the(postpone)of the event 9.This policy is (beneficial)beneficial to both parties. 10.She(error)in trusting his false promises (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.I to study abroad after graduating from high school. 2.Do we have-time to finish the project before Friday? 3.Eating more vegetables has a_effect on health 4.The factory uses advanced technology to_oil from seeds. 5.My mother is responsible for allchores. 6.Please check your work carefully to avoid any_ 7.Older people often share theirwith the younger generation. 8.The sports meeting was_because of heavy rain. 9.This book contains_from Shakespeare's plays 10.Abeneficial trade agreement was signed by the two countries. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：AAAAAAAAAA 解析1（第1题）： 考查intend的用法。主语The company为第三人称单数，需用intends,表示”公司计划 下个月推出新产品线”。 解析2（第2题）： 考查sufficient的用法。be suf伍cient to do sth.表示”足以做某事”，符合句意”她的工资 足够支付所有月度开支”。 解析3（第4题）： 考查extract的用法。try to do sth.后接动词原形，extract表示”提取”，符合句意”科学 家正试图从这种稀有植物中提取新药”。 2.补全句子答案： 1.intention 2.sufficiently 3.benefits 4.extraction 5.head 6.making 7.wise 8.postpone- ment 9.mutually 10.erred 3.首字母填空答案： 1.intend 2.sufficient 3.beneficial 4.extract 5.household 6.error 7.wisdom 8.postponed 9. extracts 10.mutually 英语词汇复习手册·必修第三册·Unit4 Scientists who changed the world一