专题04 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语译林版必修第三册

该高中英语高考复习学案聚焦译林版必修第三册Unit 4及高考高频词汇，以12个核心词为基础，通过“语境串记语篇”构建记忆链，结合知识点列表、词根拆解、词性变化总表系统梳理考点，引导学生从语境理解到词形变化自主搭建知识网络，体现考点梳理的系统性与层次性。 亮点在于自主学习支持与个性化复习设计，如Part 5语法填空整合近3年高考真题实现真题演练，Part 10自我检测通过记忆链复述模板帮助学生自主复盘，培养学习能力与语言能力。每个模块含诊断性练习与方法指导，教师可通过学情数据精准指导，助力学生自主诊断提升，实现因材施教。

专题04【语境串考点】第四单元备考学案（译林版2019） 高考高频知识点：survival / beneficial / indicate / scientific / intend / data / experiment / conduct / illustrate / error / wisdom / broad （知识点来源：必修第三册 Unit 4 · Science and scientists + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 7 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 9 【练习题】 9 Part 7 关联阅读 9 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 10 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 10 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 11 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 When a young researcher intended to conduct a scientific experiment, she first collected broad data from many sources. Her plan was to test whether a simple method could indicate a hidden pattern in nature. The work proved beneficial to the survival of a rare plant species. By learning from each error, she could illustrate an important law. In the end, her wisdom helped the whole team avoid wasted effort. 【中文译文】 当一位年轻的科研者（intend）打算开展一项（scientific）科学（experiment）实验时，她首先从多种来源收集了（broad）广泛的（data）数据。她的计划是检验一种简单的方法能否（indicate）表明自然界中隐藏的规律。 这项工作被证明对一种珍稀植物物种的（survival）生存是（beneficial）有益的。通过从每一次（error）错误中学习，她得以（illustrate）阐明一条重要法则。最终，她的（wisdom）智慧帮助整个团队避免了徒劳无功。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：立志科研→开展实验→广集数据→探寻规律→有益生存→反躬纠错→阐明法则→智慧引领 记忆链：intend → conduct → scientific → experiment → broad → data → indicate → beneficial → survival → error → illustrate → wisdom Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 survival /səˈvaɪvl/ n. 生存；幸存；残存物 ⚡考点：the survival of；fight for survival；survive v. 生存；survivor n. 幸存者；survival rate 存活率 2 beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/ adj. 有益的；有利的 ⚡考点：be beneficial to；benefit n./v. 益处；受益；benefit from；be of benefit to 3 indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ v. 表明；指示；暗示 ⚡考点：indicate that；indicate sth. to sb.；indication n. 迹象；indicator n. 指示器 4 scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的；系统的 ⚡考点：scientific research；a scientific study；science n. 科学；scientist n. 科学家 5 intend /ɪnˈtend/ v. 打算；想要；意指 ⚡考点：intend to do；be intended to（旨在）；intend sth. for；intention n. 意图 6 data /ˈdeɪtə/ n. 数据；资料（datum的单数，常作复数） ⚡考点：collect/analyze data；a set of data；database n. 数据库 7 experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ n. 实验；试验 v. 做实验 ⚡考点：conduct/carry out an experiment；by experiment；experimental adj. 实验的 8 conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ v. 进行；实施；指挥；引导 ⚡考点：conduct research/an experiment；conduct a survey；conductor n. 指挥；售票员 9 illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt/ v. 阐明；说明；（用图）图解 ⚡考点：illustrate sth. with；as illustrated by；illustration n. 插图；说明 10 error /ˈerə(r)/ n. 错误；差错；误差 ⚡考点：make an error；in error；by trial and error（反复试验）；erroneous adj. 错误的 11 wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧；学问；名言 ⚡考点：the wisdom of；with wisdom；wise adj. 明智的；wisely adv. 明智地 12 broad /brɔːd/ adj. 宽阔的；广泛的；概括的 ⚡考点：a broad smile；broad knowledge；broaden v. 拓宽；breadth n. 宽度 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. survival /səˈvaɪvl/ n. 生存；幸存；残存物 【核心考点】 survival是生态、环保与生命类语篇的高频名词，阅读理解与完形填空常考。survival of sb./sth.（某人的生存；某物种的幸存），of不可省；fight for survival（为生存而斗争）；the survival rate（存活率，医疗类阅读高频）。动词survive v.（生存；比…活得长）→ survive the accident（在事故中幸存）、survive on little food；survivor n.（幸存者）；survivalist n.（生存主义者）。辨析：survival（延续生命的存活状态）vs existence（抽象的存在，未必艰难）vs livelihood（赖以维生的生计）。 【词根联想】 sur-（超过，over，同 super-）+ vivere（拉丁语"活"，vita"生命"）→ 活过难关、继续活着→ 幸存。联想：viv/vit"生命"→ survive（幸存）、vivid（生动的→有生命力的）、vital（至关重要的→关乎生命的）、revive（复活→重新活）、survival（生存）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：survival n. 残存物；遗存；旧习的留存。熟义"生存"之外，survival可指古代遗留下来的物件或习俗，如a survival from the past（往昔的遗存）、a survival of an old custom（旧习俗的残存），在历史与文化类阅读中偶见。 【真题原句】 （2021·新高考I卷·阅读·survival表"生存"）"The wetlands are so vital to the survival of migratory waterfowl."（湿地对迁徙水禽的生存至关重要。）（真题原句·survival 生存） 【搭配词块】 the survival of …的生存 / survive v. 幸存 / survivor n. 幸存者 / survival rate 存活率 2. beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/ adj. 有益的；有利的 【核心考点】 beneficial是评价与议论类语篇的高频形容词，写作与阅读双用。be beneficial to sb./sth.（对…有益，to为介词不可省），相当于be of benefit to；sth. is beneficial for（对某一目的有益）；反义harmful（有害的）。名词benefit n./v.（益处；有益于；受益）→ benefit from（从…中受益）、be of great benefit to、for the benefit of；beneficiary n.（受益人）；beneficially adv.（有益地）。辨析：beneficial（对健康、身心或结果有益）vs useful（实用的，能派上用场）vs profitable（能赚钱的，有利润的）vs advantageous（占优势的）。 【词根联想】 bene-（拉丁语"好；善"）+ fic/fact（"做"）+ -ial（形容词后缀）→ 做好事的→ 有益的。联想：bene"好"→ benefit（益处）、beneficial（有益的）、benevolent（仁慈的→好心意）、benefactor（施恩者）；反义前缀mal-"坏"→ malfunction（故障）、malevolent（恶意的）。 【真题原句】 （2021·新高考I卷·阅读·beneficial表"有益的"）"The overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful."（宣传的总体效果利大于弊。）（真题原句·beneficial 有益的） 【搭配词块】 be beneficial to 对…有益 / benefit from 从…中受益 / be of benefit to 对…大有益处 / beneficiary n. 受益人 3. indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ v. 表明；指示；暗示 【核心考点】 indicate是说明文与议论文的高频动词，用来引出观点、数据或信号。indicate that从句（表明…）；indicate sth. to sb.（向某人示意某物）；indicate a tendency/direction（显示趋势/方向）。名词indication n.（迹象；指示）→ give an indication of；indicator n.（指示器；指标，如economic indicator经济指标）；indicative adj.（指示的；表明的）。辨析：indicate（用言语、数据或动作表明、指示）vs show（最通用的"展示"）vs suggest（暗示、提议）vs reveal（揭示原本隐蔽之事）。 【词根联想】 in-（朝向，into）+ dicare（拉丁语"宣告；指出"，与dict/dic"说"同源）→ 指向、宣告出来→ 指示；表明。联想：dic/dict"说"→ indicate（指示→指向说出）、dictate（听写→口述）、predict（预言→事先说）、contradict（反驳→反着说）、indication（迹象）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：indicate v. （用手势、灯光或标记）指示；标示（方向、位置）。熟义"表明"之外，indicate常指用动作或符号指向某处，如He indicated the door with his head（他用头示意门口）、The arrow indicates the way out（箭头标示出口方向），在记叙文与说明文中常见。 【真题原句】 （2021·新高考I卷·阅读·indicate表"表明/示意"）"Each pianist has their own style of 'nodding' to indicate a page turn."（每位钢琴家都有自己"点头"示意翻谱的风格。）（真题原句·indicate 表明） 【搭配词块】 indicate that 表明 / indicate sth. to sb. 向某人示意 / indication n. 迹象 / indicator n. 指标 4. scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的；系统的；严谨的 【核心考点】 scientific是科普、研究与方法类语篇的高频形容词。scientific research/method/study（科学研究/方法/学习）；a scientific approach（科学的方法）；反义unscientific（不科学的）。名词science n.（科学；学科）→ natural science（自然科学）、social science（社会科学）；scientist n.（科学家）；scientifically adv.（科学地）。辨析：scientific（依据科学方法的、严谨的）vs technical（技术性的、含专业细节的）vs academic（学术的、偏理论的）vs systematic（系统的、有条理的）。 【词根联想】 来自拉丁语scientia"知识"+-fic（"做…的"，同beneficial）→ 关于知识的、讲求实证的→ 科学的。联想：sci"知"→ science（科学）、scientist（科学家）、conscious（有意识的→共知的）、conscience（良心→同知之心）、scientific（科学的）。 【真题原句】 （2021·新高考I卷·阅读·scientific表"科学的"）"Such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion."（这种关注将激发对情感科学研究的更大兴趣。）（真题原句·scientific 科学的） 【搭配词块】 scientific research 科学研究 / a scientific study 科学的学习 / scientist n. 科学家 / scientifically adv. 科学地 5. intend /ɪnˈtend/ v. 打算；想要；意指 【核心考点】 intend是计划与目的类语篇的高频动词，语法填空常考其非谓语形式。intend to do sth.（打算做某事）；intend sth. for sb.（为某人准备某物）；be intended to do（旨在做…，被动结构在高考真题中极常见）；be intended for（为…而设计）。名词intention n.（意图；目的）→ with the intention of、have no intention of；intended adj.（打算好的；预期的）。辨析：intend（主观打算、意欲）vs mean（意味、意指，也可表打算）vs plan（制定计划）vs aim（以…为目标）。 【词根联想】 in-（朝向，into）+ tendere（拉丁语"伸展；朝向"，tend"趋向"）→ 把心思伸向某事→ 打算；意欲。联想：tend/tens"伸展"→ intend（打算→伸向）、tend（趋向）、extend（延伸）、intention（意图）、attend（出席→伸向某处）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：intend v. 意指；意思是（话语背后的含义）。熟义"打算"之外，intend常用于What do you intend by that remark?（你那句话是什么意思？），表示询问言外之意，在对话与阅读理解中需结合语境判断，勿与"打算"混淆。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考I卷·语法填空·intend表"旨在"）"The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within."（该公园旨在为园内所有物种提供更有力的保护。）（真题原句·intend 旨在→intended） 【搭配词块】 intend to do 打算做 / be intended to 旨在 / intend sth. for 为…准备 / intention n. 意图 6. data /ˈdeɪtə/ n. 数据；资料（datum 的复数，常作复数用） 【核心考点】 data是图表、调查与科研类阅读的绝对高频词，常与动词collect/analyze/provide/show搭配。collect/analyze data（收集/分析数据）；a set of data（一组数据）；the data show(s) that（数据显示…，谓语单复数皆可，高考中作复数更常见）；big data（大数据）。派生database n.（数据库）；datum n.（单数"数据点"，罕见）；data-based adj.（基于数据的）。辨析：data（经观察或实验得到的原始数据）vs information（加工后可理解的信息）vs fact（事实）vs statistic（统计数字，常用复数statistics）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语datum"被给予之物"（dare"给"的过去分词）→ 被记录下来的给定事实→ 数据。联想：dat"给"→ data（数据）、date（日期→所给予的时间）、donate（捐赠→给出）、edit（编辑→给出校订）。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考I卷·阅读·data表"数据"）"For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list."（对于世界最大的体育场，我们采用了世界地图集提供的数据。）（真题原句·data 数据） 【搭配词块】 collect/analyze data 收集/分析数据 / a set of data 一组数据 / database n. 数据库 / the data show 数据显示 7. experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ n. 实验；试验 v. 做实验；尝试 【核心考点】 experiment是科学探索类语篇的核心词，名词与动词双用。作名词conduct/carry out/do an experiment（进行实验）；by experiment（通过实验）；a scientific experiment（科学实验）。作动词experiment with/on（用…做实验；对…试验），后接介词。形容词experimental adj.（实验性的；根据实验的）→ an experimental study；experimentation n.（实验；试验，不可数）。辨析：experiment（为验证假设而做的受控实验）vs test（测验、检测）vs trial（试用、试跑，强调尝试）vs research（宽泛的研究）。 【词根联想】 ex-（出，out）+ periri（拉丁语"尝试；经受"，与peril"危险"同源）→ 把方法试出来→ 实验。联想：per"试"→ experiment（实验）、experience（经验→试出来的体会）、peril（危险→试错的代价）、expert（专家→试炼而来）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：experiment v. 尝试；试用（新事物、新方法）。熟义名词"实验"之外，experiment可作动词表示在生活中尝试新东西，如experiment with a new teaching method（尝试新教学法）、experiment on oneself（在自己身上试验），此时为不及物，须接介词。 【真题原句】 （2022·全国甲卷·阅读·experiment表"实验"）"In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it."（在最近一项实验中，凤头鹦鹉被放在一个装有坚果的盒子前。）（真题原句·experiment 实验） 【搭配词块】 conduct an experiment 进行实验 / by experiment 通过实验 / experimental adj. 实验的 / experiment with 尝试 8. conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ v. 进行；实施；指挥；引导 【核心考点】 conduct是学术与科研类语篇的高频及物动词，语法填空与阅读双考。conduct research/an experiment/a survey（进行研究/实验/调查）；conduct an interview（进行访谈）；conduct oneself（表现，举止）。作名词/ˈkɒndʌkt/时表"行为；管理"。名词conductor n.（指挥；列车长；导体）；conduction n.（传导）；conductive adj.（导电的）。辨析：conduct（正式地组织、实施某项活动或研究）vs perform（执行、表演，侧重完成动作）vs carry out（落实、执行计划）vs direct（指导、导演，也指指挥乐队）。 【词根联想】 con-（共同，together）+ ducere（拉丁语"引导；带领"）→ 带领大家共同做→ 实施；指挥。联想：duc/duct"引导"→ conduct（实施→带领做）、introduce（介绍→引入）、produce（生产→引出）、educate（教育→引出内在）、conductor（指挥）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：conduct v. 指挥（乐队、合唱）；传导（热、电）。熟义"进行、实施"之外，conduct常指指挥乐曲（He conducted the orchestra）或物理上的传导（Metals conduct heat），在音乐类与科普类阅读中需据语境识别。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标I卷·阅读D·conduct表"进行"）"The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases the average was accurate."（他进行的估算实验表明，某些情况下平均值相当准确。）（真题原句·conduct 进行） 【搭配词块】 conduct research 进行研究 / conduct an experiment 进行实验 / conductor n. 指挥 / conduct a survey 开展调查 9. illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt/ v. 阐明；说明；图解 【核心考点】 illustrate是论证与说明类语篇的高频动词，写作中用于"举例说明"。illustrate sth. with sth.（用…来说明…）；illustrate a point/idea（阐明一个观点）；as illustrated by（正如…所说明的，分词短语作状语）。名词illustration n.（插图；实例；说明）→ by way of illustration（作为说明）；illustrative adj.（说明性的）；illustrator n.（插图画家）。辨析：illustrate（用例子或图画把抽象道理讲清楚）vs explain（一般性解释）vs demonstrate（演示、证明）vs clarify（澄清、使更清晰）。 【词根联想】 il-（加强，in-）+ lustrare（拉丁语"照亮；使明亮"，luster"光泽"）→ 把问题照亮使人看懂→ 阐明；图解。联想：lust/luc"光"→ illustrate（阐明→照亮）、lucid（清晰的→明亮的）、luMinary（发光体→杰出人物）、illustration（图解）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：illustrate v. 给（书、文章）加插图；用图表示。熟义"阐明、说明"之外，illustrate常指为出版物绘制插图，如a beautifully illustrated book（配有精美插图的书）、The children's story is illustrated by a famous artist，此时强调"配图"而非"说理"。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标I卷·阅读D·illustrate表"阐明"）"Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the 'wisdom of crowds' effect."（高尔顿发表了一篇阐明"群体智慧"效应的论文。）（真题原句·illustrate 阐明） 【搭配词块】 illustrate sth. with 用…说明 / as illustrated by 正如…所说明 / illustration n. 插图 / illustrative adj. 说明性的 10. error /ˈerə(r)/ n. 错误；差错；误差 【核心考点】 error是做事、计算与实验中描述偏差的高频名词。make an error（犯错误）；in error（错误地；出于误会）；by trial and error（反复试验、不断试错，高考高频短语）；human error（人为失误）。形容词erroneous adj.（错误的；不正确的）→ an erroneous view；动词err v.（犯错；出错，正式）。辨析：error（偏离标准或真相的错误，可大可小）vs mistake（因疏忽犯的小错）vs fault（过失、缺点，侧重责任）vs flaw（瑕疵、缺陷）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语errare"漫游；走偏"（err"游走"）→ 偏离正道→ 错误。联想：err"游走/偏"→ error（错误）、erroneous（错误的）、errant（走偏的→不定的）、aberration（失常→偏离）。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标I卷·阅读D·error表"错误"）"Collective arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error."（集体的论证与推理使错误在全球范围内减少。）（真题原句·error 错误） 【搭配词块】 make an error 犯错误 / in error 错误地 / by trial and error 反复试验 / erroneous adj. 错误的 11. wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧；学问；名言 【核心考点】 wisdom是人物评价与哲理类语篇的高频名词，常表"超越知识的判断力"。the wisdom of（…的智慧）；with wisdom（明智地）；traditional/ancient wisdom（传统/古老智慧）；a man of wisdom（有智慧的人）。形容词wise adj.（明智的；博学的）→ a wise decision；wisely adv.（明智地）。辨析：wisdom（洞察与判断的深层智慧）vs knowledge（知识、已知信息）vs intelligence（智力、认知力）vs cleverness（小聪明、机敏）。 【词根联想】 源自古英语wis"知道；明智"+ -dom（抽象名词后缀，表状态）→ 明智的状态→ 智慧。联想：-dom"状态/领域"→ wisdom（智慧）、freedom（自由）、kingdom（王国）；wise（明智的）与wit（机智）同源。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标I卷·阅读D·wisdom表"智慧"）"In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent."（更专业地说，群体智慧要求人们的估计相互独立。）（真题原句·wisdom 智慧） 【搭配词块】 the wisdom of …的智慧 / with wisdom 明智地 / wise adj. 明智的 / a man of wisdom 有智慧的人 12. broad /brɔːd/ adj. 宽阔的；广泛的；概括的 【核心考点】 broad是描写景物与概括范围的常用形容词，阅读与写作高频。a broad smile（灿烂的笑容，写作亮点）；broad knowledge（广博的知识）；in the broad sense（广义上）；broad shoulders（宽阔的肩膀）。动词broaden v.（拓宽；使开阔）→ broaden one's horizons（开阔视野）；名词breadth n.（宽度；幅度）。辨析：broad（横向宽、范围广，侧重面积与概括）vs wide（宽的，侧重间距与幅度）vs vast（辽阔的、巨大的）vs extensive（广泛的、大量的）。 【词根联想】 源自古英语brad"宽的"，与break（裂开、展开）同属"展开、铺开"意象→ 铺得很开→ 宽阔的。联想：breadth（宽度）、broaden（拓宽）均由broad派生；近义wide来自wid"分开"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：broad adj. 广义的；概括性的；口音浓重的。熟义"宽阔的"之外，broad可修饰抽象概念，如in broad terms（概括地说）、a broad comparison（粗略的比较），也可指口音"浓重的"（a broad accent），在说明文与记叙文中需据语境判断。 【真题原句】 （2022·全国甲卷·阅读·broad表"宽阔的"）"Sydney discovered lots of things — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population."（悉尼发现了许多事物——宽阔的公园、绝美的海滩和多元文化的人口。）（真题原句·broad 宽阔的） 【搭配词块】 a broad smile 灿烂的笑容 / broad knowledge 广博的知识 / broaden v. 拓宽 / in broad terms 概括地说 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 survival survive (v.) survivor (n.) survivalist (n.) the survival of / fight for survival beneficial benefit (n./v.) beneficiary (n.) beneficially (adv.) be beneficial to / benefit from indicate indication (n.) indicator (n.) indicative (adj.) indicate that / indicate to sb. scientific science (n.) scientist (n.) scientifically (adv.) scientific research / a scientific study intend intention (n.) intended (adj.) intentional (adj.) intend to do / be intended to data datum (n.单数) database (n.) data-based (adj.) collect data / analyze data experiment experimental (adj.) experimentation (n.) experimenter (n.) conduct an experiment / by experiment conduct conductor (n.) conduction (n.) conductive (adj.) conduct research / conduct a survey illustrate illustration (n.) illustrative (adj.) illustrator (n.) illustrate with / as illustrated by error erroneous (adj.) erroneously (adv.) err (v.) make an error / by trial and error wisdom wise (adj.) wisely (adv.) --- the wisdom of / with wisdom broad broaden (v.) broadly (adv.) breadth (n.) a broad smile / broad knowledge Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2022新高考I卷·语法填空·改编）The national park is __________ (intend) to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within. 2.（2021新高考I卷·阅读·改编）The protection of wetlands is vital to the __________ (survive) of migratory waterfowl. 3.（2021新高考I卷·阅读·改编）The overall effects of the publicity have been more __________ (benefit) than harmful. 4.（2021新高考I卷·阅读·改编）Each pianist has their own style of nodding to __________ (indication) a page turn. 5.（2021新高考I卷·阅读·改编）Such attention will excite interest in the __________ (science) study of human emotion. 6.（2022新高考I卷·阅读·改编）For the biggest stadiums we have used __________ (datum) supplied by the World Atlas list. 7.（2023新课标I卷·阅读D·改编）The __________ (experiment) of estimation he conducted showed the average was quite accurate. 8.（2023新课标I卷·阅读D·改编）He __________ (conducting) a careful experiment to test whether the new method really worked. 9.（2023新课标I卷·阅读D·改编）Galton published a paper which __________ (illustration) the wisdom of crowds effect. 10.（2023新课标I卷·阅读D·改编）Collective reasoning resulted in a global reduction in __________ (err). 11.（2023新课标I卷·阅读D·改编）The __________ (wise) of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. 12.（2022全国甲卷·阅读·改编）The city is famous for its __________ (broadly) tree-lined streets and superb beaches. 13.（2026山东济南·模拟）The new treatment has proved __________ (benefit) to patients who suffer from the rare disease. 14.（2026广东广州·模拟）Her quiet __________ (wisely) helped the whole research team avoid many careless errors. 15.（2026江苏南京·模拟）The rare animal's __________ (surviving) depends on the protection of its natural habitat. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 一位年轻的科研者（打算）开展一项（科学的）实验，她从多处收集了（广泛的）数据，想以此（表明）植物在贫瘠土壤中（生存）的规律。 起初幼苗大批死亡，她犯了（错误）——浇水过多；但这反而（有益的），因为她明白了（生存）更取决于土壤而非水分。 次年她（进行）第二次（实验）来（阐明）同一观点，凭（智慧）每次只改变一个因素，最终少走了弯路。 Part 7 关联阅读 In 2021 a young graduate student from a small village intended to conduct a scientific experiment on how the survival of wild plants works in poor soil. She set up broad fields of test crops just outside the university laboratory and recorded daily data with a few simple tools she had bought with her own savings. Her careful written notes were meant to indicate which growing conditions helped the weakest seedlings stay alive through the long and cold winter months. Before the winter ended, she had tested more than thirty different kinds of seeds and written down every small change she noticed in the field. At the very beginning of the project, a large number of seedlings died, and she soon realized she had made the serious error of watering them far too much every single day. Yet this early failure proved beneficial to her later work, because it clearly taught her that plant survival depends far more on the correct kind of soil than on the constant water supplied by hand. The following spring she conducted a second, much better planned experiment to illustrate the same basic idea to her teachers and classmates. With quiet wisdom she changed only one factor at a time, so that each result remained clear and easy to compare with the last. Her patient method showed that steady observation, not luck, decides what a real researcher finally learns from nature. She also kept a public diary of her work so that other students could follow her steps and avoid the same early mistakes she had made. The broad set of data she gathered over two full years became beneficial to farmers living far away from the city, and it helped indicate the best season to plant each local crop. She later said in a short interview that a truly good scientist learns far more from one honest mistake than from a hundred easy and comfortable successes won without thinking. Her story reminds us that science is less about being right at once and more about learning slowly from what went wrong, and her example encouraged several younger villagers to study agriculture at university. 1. What did the graduate student intend to do in 2021? A. She intended to write a book about famous scientists in history. B. She planned to travel abroad to study modern farming machines. C. She intended to conduct a scientific experiment on how plants survive in poor soil. D. She decided to open a shop that sells seeds to local village farmers. 2. What error did she make at the beginning of her work? A. She made the error of watering the seedlings far too much each day. B. She forgot to record any data during the first long winter. C. She chose a field that was too small to hold the test crops. D. She used tools that were not fit for careful scientific work. 3. How did she conduct the second experiment the following year? A. She changed all the factors at the same time to save her time. B. She conducted it with the help of a famous old professor from abroad. C. She repeated the first experiment without making any change at all. D. She changed only one factor at a time with quiet wisdom and patience. 4. What does the broad set of data finally help people do? A. It proves that luck decides what a researcher finally learns. B. It helps indicate the best season to plant and benefits farmers far away. C. It shows that constant water is the only key to plant survival. D. It tells farmers to give up the use of any scientific method. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：survival, beneficial, indicate, scientific, intend, data, experiment, conduct, illustrate, error, wisdom, broad Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. survival — __________ 2. survive — __________ 3. beneficial — __________ 4. benefit — __________ 5. indicate — __________ 6. indication — __________ 7. scientific — __________ 8. science — __________ 9. intend — __________ 10. intention — __________ 11. data — __________ 12. database — __________ 13. experiment — __________ 14. experimental — __________ 15. conduct — __________ 16. conductor — __________ 17. illustrate — __________ 18. illustration — __________ 19. error — __________ 20. wisdom — __________ 21. wise — __________ 22. broad — __________ 23. broaden — __________ 24. by trial and error — __________ Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. The protection of the wetlands is very important to the continued living of the migrating birds. → The protection of the wetlands is vital to the __________ of the migrating birds. 2. A short walk after dinner is good for both your body and your mind. → A short walk after dinner is __________ to both your body and your mind. 3. The latest numbers clearly show that the new policy has worked well this year. → The latest numbers __________ that the new policy has worked well this year. 4. A careful and systematic study of the problem took the team three full months. → A __________ study of the problem took the team three full months. 5. The new park is planned to give stronger protection to the wild animals inside. → The new park is __________ to give stronger protection to the wild animals inside. 6. The information we collected helped us understand the real cause of the accident. → The __________ we collected helped us understand the real cause of the accident. 7. The teacher asked the students to do a small test to see if the idea was true. → The teacher asked the students to carry out a small __________ to see if the idea was true. 8. The school will carry out a survey among the parents next week. → The school will __________ a survey among the parents next week. 9. The writer used a moving story to explain the meaning of true friendship. → The writer used a moving story to __________ the meaning of true friendship. 10. By trying again and again, the little boy finally learned how to ride the bike. → By trial and __________, the little boy finally learned how to ride the bike. 11. With her deep insight, the old professor solved the difficult problem in minutes. → With her __________, the old professor solved the difficult problem in minutes. 12. The old man gave the child a big and happy smile when he heard the good news. → The old man gave the child a __________ smile when he heard the good news. Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：intend → conduct → scientific → experiment → broad → data → indicate → beneficial → survival → error → illustrate → wisdom 复述模板（填空）： 一位年轻的科研者（打算）开展一项（科学的）实验，她收集了（广泛的）数据，想（表明）植物在贫瘠土壤中（生存）的规律。 起初她犯了（错误）——浇水过多；但这反而（有益的），因为她明白了（生存）更取决于土壤。 次年她（进行）第二次（实验）来（阐明）同一观点，凭（智慧）每次只改变一个因素，最终少走弯路。 你的复述： ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ $ 专题04【语境串考点】第四单元备考学案（译林版2019） 高考高频知识点：survival / beneficial / indicate / scientific / intend / data / experiment / conduct / illustrate / error / wisdom / broad （知识点来源：必修第三册 Unit 4 · Science and scientists + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 1 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 7 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 9 【练习题】 9 Part 7 关联阅读 9 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 11 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 12 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 When a young researcher intended to conduct a scientific experiment, she first collected broad data from many sources. Her plan was to test whether a simple method could indicate a hidden pattern in nature. The work proved beneficial to the survival of a rare plant species. By learning from each error, she could illustrate an important law. In the end, her wisdom helped the whole team avoid wasted effort. 【中文译文】 当一位年轻的科研者（intend）打算开展一项（scientific）科学（experiment）实验时，她首先从多种来源收集了（broad）广泛的（data）数据。她的计划是检验一种简单的方法能否（indicate）表明自然界中隐藏的规律。 这项工作被证明对一种珍稀植物物种的（survival）生存是（beneficial）有益的。通过从每一次（error）错误中学习，她得以（illustrate）阐明一条重要法则。最终，她的（wisdom）智慧帮助整个团队避免了徒劳无功。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：立志科研→开展实验→广集数据→探寻规律→有益生存→反躬纠错→阐明法则→智慧引领 记忆链：intend → conduct → scientific → experiment → broad → data → indicate → beneficial → survival → error → illustrate → wisdom Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 survival /səˈvaɪvl/ n. 生存；幸存；残存物 ⚡考点：the survival of；fight for survival；survive v. 生存；survivor n. 幸存者；survival rate 存活率 2 beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/ adj. 有益的；有利的 ⚡考点：be beneficial to；benefit n./v. 益处；受益；benefit from；be of benefit to 3 indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ v. 表明；指示；暗示 ⚡考点：indicate that；indicate sth. to sb.；indication n. 迹象；indicator n. 指示器 4 scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的；系统的 ⚡考点：scientific research；a scientific study；science n. 科学；scientist n. 科学家 5 intend /ɪnˈtend/ v. 打算；想要；意指 ⚡考点：intend to do；be intended to（旨在）；intend sth. for；intention n. 意图 6 data /ˈdeɪtə/ n. 数据；资料（datum的单数，常作复数） ⚡考点：collect/analyze data；a set of data；database n. 数据库 7 experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ n. 实验；试验 v. 做实验 ⚡考点：conduct/carry out an experiment；by experiment；experimental adj. 实验的 8 conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ v. 进行；实施；指挥；引导 ⚡考点：conduct research/an experiment；conduct a survey；conductor n. 指挥；售票员 9 illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt/ v. 阐明；说明；（用图）图解 ⚡考点：illustrate sth. with；as illustrated by；illustration n. 插图；说明 10 error /ˈerə(r)/ n. 错误；差错；误差 ⚡考点：make an error；in error；by trial and error（反复试验）；erroneous adj. 错误的 11 wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧；学问；名言 ⚡考点：the wisdom of；with wisdom；wise adj. 明智的；wisely adv. 明智地 12 broad /brɔːd/ adj. 宽阔的；广泛的；概括的 ⚡考点：a broad smile；broad knowledge；broaden v. 拓宽；breadth n. 宽度 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. survival /səˈvaɪvl/ n. 生存；幸存；残存物 【核心考点】 survival是生态、环保与生命类语篇的高频名词，阅读理解与完形填空常考。survival of sb./sth.（某人的生存；某物种的幸存），of不可省；fight for survival（为生存而斗争）；the survival rate（存活率，医疗类阅读高频）。动词survive v.（生存；比…活得长）→ survive the accident（在事故中幸存）、survive on little food；survivor n.（幸存者）；survivalist n.（生存主义者）。辨析：survival（延续生命的存活状态）vs existence（抽象的存在，未必艰难）vs livelihood（赖以维生的生计）。 【词根联想】 sur-（超过，over，同 super-）+ vivere（拉丁语"活"，vita"生命"）→ 活过难关、继续活着→ 幸存。联想：viv/vit"生命"→ survive（幸存）、vivid（生动的→有生命力的）、vital（至关重要的→关乎生命的）、revive（复活→重新活）、survival（生存）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：survival n. 残存物；遗存；旧习的留存。熟义"生存"之外，survival可指古代遗留下来的物件或习俗，如a survival from the past（往昔的遗存）、a survival of an old custom（旧习俗的残存），在历史与文化类阅读中偶见。 【真题原句】 （2021·新高考I卷·阅读·survival表"生存"）"The wetlands are so vital to the survival of migratory waterfowl."（湿地对迁徙水禽的生存至关重要。）（真题原句·survival 生存） 【搭配词块】 the survival of …的生存 / survive v. 幸存 / survivor n. 幸存者 / survival rate 存活率 2. beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/ adj. 有益的；有利的 【核心考点】 beneficial是评价与议论类语篇的高频形容词，写作与阅读双用。be beneficial to sb./sth.（对…有益，to为介词不可省），相当于be of benefit to；sth. is beneficial for（对某一目的有益）；反义harmful（有害的）。名词benefit n./v.（益处；有益于；受益）→ benefit from（从…中受益）、be of great benefit to、for the benefit of；beneficiary n.（受益人）；beneficially adv.（有益地）。辨析：beneficial（对健康、身心或结果有益）vs useful（实用的，能派上用场）vs profitable（能赚钱的，有利润的）vs advantageous（占优势的）。 【词根联想】 bene-（拉丁语"好；善"）+ fic/fact（"做"）+ -ial（形容词后缀）→ 做好事的→ 有益的。联想：bene"好"→ benefit（益处）、beneficial（有益的）、benevolent（仁慈的→好心意）、benefactor（施恩者）；反义前缀mal-"坏"→ malfunction（故障）、malevolent（恶意的）。 【真题原句】 （2021·新高考I卷·阅读·beneficial表"有益的"）"The overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful."（宣传的总体效果利大于弊。）（真题原句·beneficial 有益的） 【搭配词块】 be beneficial to 对…有益 / benefit from 从…中受益 / be of benefit to 对…大有益处 / beneficiary n. 受益人 3. indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ v. 表明；指示；暗示 【核心考点】 indicate是说明文与议论文的高频动词，用来引出观点、数据或信号。indicate that从句（表明…）；indicate sth. to sb.（向某人示意某物）；indicate a tendency/direction（显示趋势/方向）。名词indication n.（迹象；指示）→ give an indication of；indicator n.（指示器；指标，如economic indicator经济指标）；indicative adj.（指示的；表明的）。辨析：indicate（用言语、数据或动作表明、指示）vs show（最通用的"展示"）vs suggest（暗示、提议）vs reveal（揭示原本隐蔽之事）。 【词根联想】 in-（朝向，into）+ dicare（拉丁语"宣告；指出"，与dict/dic"说"同源）→ 指向、宣告出来→ 指示；表明。联想：dic/dict"说"→ indicate（指示→指向说出）、dictate（听写→口述）、predict（预言→事先说）、contradict（反驳→反着说）、indication（迹象）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：indicate v. （用手势、灯光或标记）指示；标示（方向、位置）。熟义"表明"之外，indicate常指用动作或符号指向某处，如He indicated the door with his head（他用头示意门口）、The arrow indicates the way out（箭头标示出口方向），在记叙文与说明文中常见。 【真题原句】 （2021·新高考I卷·阅读·indicate表"表明/示意"）"Each pianist has their own style of 'nodding' to indicate a page turn."（每位钢琴家都有自己"点头"示意翻谱的风格。）（真题原句·indicate 表明） 【搭配词块】 indicate that 表明 / indicate sth. to sb. 向某人示意 / indication n. 迹象 / indicator n. 指标 4. scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的；系统的；严谨的 【核心考点】 scientific是科普、研究与方法类语篇的高频形容词。scientific research/method/study（科学研究/方法/学习）；a scientific approach（科学的方法）；反义unscientific（不科学的）。名词science n.（科学；学科）→ natural science（自然科学）、social science（社会科学）；scientist n.（科学家）；scientifically adv.（科学地）。辨析：scientific（依据科学方法的、严谨的）vs technical（技术性的、含专业细节的）vs academic（学术的、偏理论的）vs systematic（系统的、有条理的）。 【词根联想】 来自拉丁语scientia"知识"+-fic（"做…的"，同beneficial）→ 关于知识的、讲求实证的→ 科学的。联想：sci"知"→ science（科学）、scientist（科学家）、conscious（有意识的→共知的）、conscience（良心→同知之心）、scientific（科学的）。 【真题原句】 （2021·新高考I卷·阅读·scientific表"科学的"）"Such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion."（这种关注将激发对情感科学研究的更大兴趣。）（真题原句·scientific 科学的） 【搭配词块】 scientific research 科学研究 / a scientific study 科学的学习 / scientist n. 科学家 / scientifically adv. 科学地 5. intend /ɪnˈtend/ v. 打算；想要；意指 【核心考点】 intend是计划与目的类语篇的高频动词，语法填空常考其非谓语形式。intend to do sth.（打算做某事）；intend sth. for sb.（为某人准备某物）；be intended to do（旨在做…，被动结构在高考真题中极常见）；be intended for（为…而设计）。名词intention n.（意图；目的）→ with the intention of、have no intention of；intended adj.（打算好的；预期的）。辨析：intend（主观打算、意欲）vs mean（意味、意指，也可表打算）vs plan（制定计划）vs aim（以…为目标）。 【词根联想】 in-（朝向，into）+ tendere（拉丁语"伸展；朝向"，tend"趋向"）→ 把心思伸向某事→ 打算；意欲。联想：tend/tens"伸展"→ intend（打算→伸向）、tend（趋向）、extend（延伸）、intention（意图）、attend（出席→伸向某处）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：intend v. 意指；意思是（话语背后的含义）。熟义"打算"之外，intend常用于What do you intend by that remark?（你那句话是什么意思？），表示询问言外之意，在对话与阅读理解中需结合语境判断，勿与"打算"混淆。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考I卷·语法填空·intend表"旨在"）"The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within."（该公园旨在为园内所有物种提供更有力的保护。）（真题原句·intend 旨在→intended） 【搭配词块】 intend to do 打算做 / be intended to 旨在 / intend sth. for 为…准备 / intention n. 意图 6. data /ˈdeɪtə/ n. 数据；资料（datum 的复数，常作复数用） 【核心考点】 data是图表、调查与科研类阅读的绝对高频词，常与动词collect/analyze/provide/show搭配。collect/analyze data（收集/分析数据）；a set of data（一组数据）；the data show(s) that（数据显示…，谓语单复数皆可，高考中作复数更常见）；big data（大数据）。派生database n.（数据库）；datum n.（单数"数据点"，罕见）；data-based adj.（基于数据的）。辨析：data（经观察或实验得到的原始数据）vs information（加工后可理解的信息）vs fact（事实）vs statistic（统计数字，常用复数statistics）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语datum"被给予之物"（dare"给"的过去分词）→ 被记录下来的给定事实→ 数据。联想：dat"给"→ data（数据）、date（日期→所给予的时间）、donate（捐赠→给出）、edit（编辑→给出校订）。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考I卷·阅读·data表"数据"）"For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list."（对于世界最大的体育场，我们采用了世界地图集提供的数据。）（真题原句·data 数据） 【搭配词块】 collect/analyze data 收集/分析数据 / a set of data 一组数据 / database n. 数据库 / the data show 数据显示 7. experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ n. 实验；试验 v. 做实验；尝试 【核心考点】 experiment是科学探索类语篇的核心词，名词与动词双用。作名词conduct/carry out/do an experiment（进行实验）；by experiment（通过实验）；a scientific experiment（科学实验）。作动词experiment with/on（用…做实验；对…试验），后接介词。形容词experimental adj.（实验性的；根据实验的）→ an experimental study；experimentation n.（实验；试验，不可数）。辨析：experiment（为验证假设而做的受控实验）vs test（测验、检测）vs trial（试用、试跑，强调尝试）vs research（宽泛的研究）。 【词根联想】 ex-（出，out）+ periri（拉丁语"尝试；经受"，与peril"危险"同源）→ 把方法试出来→ 实验。联想：per"试"→ experiment（实验）、experience（经验→试出来的体会）、peril（危险→试错的代价）、expert（专家→试炼而来）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：experiment v. 尝试；试用（新事物、新方法）。熟义名词"实验"之外，experiment可作动词表示在生活中尝试新东西，如experiment with a new teaching method（尝试新教学法）、experiment on oneself（在自己身上试验），此时为不及物，须接介词。 【真题原句】 （2022·全国甲卷·阅读·experiment表"实验"）"In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it."（在最近一项实验中，凤头鹦鹉被放在一个装有坚果的盒子前。）（真题原句·experiment 实验） 【搭配词块】 conduct an experiment 进行实验 / by experiment 通过实验 / experimental adj. 实验的 / experiment with 尝试 8. conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ v. 进行；实施；指挥；引导 【核心考点】 conduct是学术与科研类语篇的高频及物动词，语法填空与阅读双考。conduct research/an experiment/a survey（进行研究/实验/调查）；conduct an interview（进行访谈）；conduct oneself（表现，举止）。作名词/ˈkɒndʌkt/时表"行为；管理"。名词conductor n.（指挥；列车长；导体）；conduction n.（传导）；conductive adj.（导电的）。辨析：conduct（正式地组织、实施某项活动或研究）vs perform（执行、表演，侧重完成动作）vs carry out（落实、执行计划）vs direct（指导、导演，也指指挥乐队）。 【词根联想】 con-（共同，together）+ ducere（拉丁语"引导；带领"）→ 带领大家共同做→ 实施；指挥。联想：duc/duct"引导"→ conduct（实施→带领做）、introduce（介绍→引入）、produce（生产→引出）、educate（教育→引出内在）、conductor（指挥）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：conduct v. 指挥（乐队、合唱）；传导（热、电）。熟义"进行、实施"之外，conduct常指指挥乐曲（He conducted the orchestra）或物理上的传导（Metals conduct heat），在音乐类与科普类阅读中需据语境识别。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标I卷·阅读D·conduct表"进行"）"The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases the average was accurate."（他进行的估算实验表明，某些情况下平均值相当准确。）（真题原句·conduct 进行） 【搭配词块】 conduct research 进行研究 / conduct an experiment 进行实验 / conductor n. 指挥 / conduct a survey 开展调查 9. illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt/ v. 阐明；说明；图解 【核心考点】 illustrate是论证与说明类语篇的高频动词，写作中用于"举例说明"。illustrate sth. with sth.（用…来说明…）；illustrate a point/idea（阐明一个观点）；as illustrated by（正如…所说明的，分词短语作状语）。名词illustration n.（插图；实例；说明）→ by way of illustration（作为说明）；illustrative adj.（说明性的）；illustrator n.（插图画家）。辨析：illustrate（用例子或图画把抽象道理讲清楚）vs explain（一般性解释）vs demonstrate（演示、证明）vs clarify（澄清、使更清晰）。 【词根联想】 il-（加强，in-）+ lustrare（拉丁语"照亮；使明亮"，luster"光泽"）→ 把问题照亮使人看懂→ 阐明；图解。联想：lust/luc"光"→ illustrate（阐明→照亮）、lucid（清晰的→明亮的）、luMinary（发光体→杰出人物）、illustration（图解）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：illustrate v. 给（书、文章）加插图；用图表示。熟义"阐明、说明"之外，illustrate常指为出版物绘制插图，如a beautifully illustrated book（配有精美插图的书）、The children's story is illustrated by a famous artist，此时强调"配图"而非"说理"。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标I卷·阅读D·illustrate表"阐明"）"Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the 'wisdom of crowds' effect."（高尔顿发表了一篇阐明"群体智慧"效应的论文。）（真题原句·illustrate 阐明） 【搭配词块】 illustrate sth. with 用…说明 / as illustrated by 正如…所说明 / illustration n. 插图 / illustrative adj. 说明性的 10. error /ˈerə(r)/ n. 错误；差错；误差 【核心考点】 error是做事、计算与实验中描述偏差的高频名词。make an error（犯错误）；in error（错误地；出于误会）；by trial and error（反复试验、不断试错，高考高频短语）；human error（人为失误）。形容词erroneous adj.（错误的；不正确的）→ an erroneous view；动词err v.（犯错；出错，正式）。辨析：error（偏离标准或真相的错误，可大可小）vs mistake（因疏忽犯的小错）vs fault（过失、缺点，侧重责任）vs flaw（瑕疵、缺陷）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语errare"漫游；走偏"（err"游走"）→ 偏离正道→ 错误。联想：err"游走/偏"→ error（错误）、erroneous（错误的）、errant（走偏的→不定的）、aberration（失常→偏离）。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标I卷·阅读D·error表"错误"）"Collective arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error."（集体的论证与推理使错误在全球范围内减少。）（真题原句·error 错误） 【搭配词块】 make an error 犯错误 / in error 错误地 / by trial and error 反复试验 / erroneous adj. 错误的 11. wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧；学问；名言 【核心考点】 wisdom是人物评价与哲理类语篇的高频名词，常表"超越知识的判断力"。the wisdom of（…的智慧）；with wisdom（明智地）；traditional/ancient wisdom（传统/古老智慧）；a man of wisdom（有智慧的人）。形容词wise adj.（明智的；博学的）→ a wise decision；wisely adv.（明智地）。辨析：wisdom（洞察与判断的深层智慧）vs knowledge（知识、已知信息）vs intelligence（智力、认知力）vs cleverness（小聪明、机敏）。 【词根联想】 源自古英语wis"知道；明智"+ -dom（抽象名词后缀，表状态）→ 明智的状态→ 智慧。联想：-dom"状态/领域"→ wisdom（智慧）、freedom（自由）、kingdom（王国）；wise（明智的）与wit（机智）同源。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标I卷·阅读D·wisdom表"智慧"）"In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent."（更专业地说，群体智慧要求人们的估计相互独立。）（真题原句·wisdom 智慧） 【搭配词块】 the wisdom of …的智慧 / with wisdom 明智地 / wise adj. 明智的 / a man of wisdom 有智慧的人 12. broad /brɔːd/ adj. 宽阔的；广泛的；概括的 【核心考点】 broad是描写景物与概括范围的常用形容词，阅读与写作高频。a broad smile（灿烂的笑容，写作亮点）；broad knowledge（广博的知识）；in the broad sense（广义上）；broad shoulders（宽阔的肩膀）。动词broaden v.（拓宽；使开阔）→ broaden one's horizons（开阔视野）；名词breadth n.（宽度；幅度）。辨析：broad（横向宽、范围广，侧重面积与概括）vs wide（宽的，侧重间距与幅度）vs vast（辽阔的、巨大的）vs extensive（广泛的、大量的）。 【词根联想】 源自古英语brad"宽的"，与break（裂开、展开）同属"展开、铺开"意象→ 铺得很开→ 宽阔的。联想：breadth（宽度）、broaden（拓宽）均由broad派生；近义wide来自wid"分开"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：broad adj. 广义的；概括性的；口音浓重的。熟义"宽阔的"之外，broad可修饰抽象概念，如in broad terms（概括地说）、a broad comparison（粗略的比较），也可指口音"浓重的"（a broad accent），在说明文与记叙文中需据语境判断。 【真题原句】 （2022·全国甲卷·阅读·broad表"宽阔的"）"Sydney discovered lots of things — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population."（悉尼发现了许多事物——宽阔的公园、绝美的海滩和多元文化的人口。）（真题原句·broad 宽阔的） 【搭配词块】 a broad smile 灿烂的笑容 / broad knowledge 广博的知识 / broaden v. 拓宽 / in broad terms 概括地说 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 survival survive (v.) survivor (n.) survivalist (n.) the survival of / fight for survival beneficial benefit (n./v.) beneficiary (n.) beneficially (adv.) be beneficial to / benefit from indicate indication (n.) indicator (n.) indicative (adj.) indicate that / indicate to sb. scientific science (n.) scientist (n.) scientifically (adv.) scientific research / a scientific study intend intention (n.) intended (adj.) intentional (adj.) intend to do / be intended to data datum (n.单数) database (n.) data-based (adj.) collect data / analyze data experiment experimental (adj.) experimentation (n.) experimenter (n.) conduct an experiment / by experiment conduct conductor (n.) conduction (n.) conductive (adj.) conduct research / conduct a survey illustrate illustration (n.) illustrative (adj.) illustrator (n.) illustrate with / as illustrated by error erroneous (adj.) erroneously (adv.) err (v.) make an error / by trial and error wisdom wise (adj.) wisely (adv.) --- the wisdom of / with wisdom broad broaden (v.) broadly (adv.) breadth (n.) a broad smile / broad knowledge Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2022新高考I卷·语法填空·改编）The national park is __________ (intend) to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within. 2.（2021新高考I卷·阅读·改编）The protection of wetlands is vital to the __________ (survive) of migratory waterfowl. 3.（2021新高考I卷·阅读·改编）The overall effects of the publicity have been more __________ (benefit) than harmful. 4.（2021新高考I卷·阅读·改编）Each pianist has their own style of nodding to __________ (indication) a page turn. 5.（2021新高考I卷·阅读·改编）Such attention will excite interest in the __________ (science) study of human emotion. 6.（2022新高考I卷·阅读·改编）For the biggest stadiums we have used __________ (datum) supplied by the World Atlas list. 7.（2023新课标I卷·阅读D·改编）The __________ (experiment) of estimation he conducted showed the average was quite accurate. 8.（2023新课标I卷·阅读D·改编）He __________ (conducting) a careful experiment to test whether the new method really worked. 9.（2023新课标I卷·阅读D·改编）Galton published a paper which __________ (illustration) the wisdom of crowds effect. 10.（2023新课标I卷·阅读D·改编）Collective reasoning resulted in a global reduction in __________ (err). 11.（2023新课标I卷·阅读D·改编）The __________ (wise) of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. 12.（2022全国甲卷·阅读·改编）The city is famous for its __________ (broadly) tree-lined streets and superb beaches. 13.（2026山东济南·模拟）The new treatment has proved __________ (benefit) to patients who suffer from the rare disease. 14.（2026广东广州·模拟）Her quiet __________ (wisely) helped the whole research team avoid many careless errors. 15.（2026江苏南京·模拟）The rare animal's __________ (surviving) depends on the protection of its natural habitat. 【答案】 1. intended 2. survival 3. beneficial 4. indicate 5. scientific 6. data 7. experiment 8. conducted 9. illustrated 10. error 11. wisdom 12. broad 13. beneficial 14. wisdom 15. survival 【逐题解析】 1. intended — 提示词intend（动词）需转过去分词。be intended to do 旨在做，固定被动结构。 2. survival — 提示词survive（动词）需转名词。the survival of 意为"…的生存"。 3. beneficial — 提示词benefit（名词/动词）需转形容词。be beneficial to 对…有益。 4. indicate — 提示词indication（名词）需转动词原形。不定式 to 后接动词原形。 5. scientific — 提示词science（名词）需转形容词。scientific study 科学研究。 6. data — 提示词datum（单数）需转常用复数。data 作"数据"在高考中常视为复数。 7. experiment — 提示词experimental（形容词）需转名词。conduct an experiment 进行实验。 8. conducted — 提示词conducting（现在分词）需转过去式。与 tested 时态一致，表过去。 9. illustrated — 提示词illustration（名词）需转动词过去式。which 引导定语从句，主句为过去时。 10. error — 提示词err（动词词根）需转名词。a reduction in error 错误的减少。 11. wisdom — 提示词wise（形容词）需转名词。the wisdom of crowds 群体智慧。 12. broad — 提示词broadly（副词）需转形容词。修饰名词 streets，表"宽阔的"。 13. beneficial — 提示词benefit（名词）需转形容词。prove beneficial to 对…有益。 14. wisdom — 提示词wisely（副词）需转名词。形容词性物主代词 her 后接名词。 15. survival — 提示词surviving（现在分词）需转名词。名词所有格 animal's 后接名词。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 一位年轻的科研者（打算）开展一项（科学的）实验，她从多处收集了（广泛的）数据，想以此（表明）植物在贫瘠土壤中（生存）的规律。 起初幼苗大批死亡，她犯了（错误）——浇水过多；但这反而（有益的），因为她明白了（生存）更取决于土壤而非水分。 次年她（进行）第二次（实验）来（阐明）同一观点，凭（智慧）每次只改变一个因素，最终少走了弯路。 【答案】 intended; scientific; broad; data; indicate; survival; error; beneficial; survival; conducted; experiment; illustrate; wisdom Part 7 关联阅读 In 2021 a young graduate student from a small village intended to conduct a scientific experiment on how the survival of wild plants works in poor soil. She set up broad fields of test crops just outside the university laboratory and recorded daily data with a few simple tools she had bought with her own savings. Her careful written notes were meant to indicate which growing conditions helped the weakest seedlings stay alive through the long and cold winter months. Before the winter ended, she had tested more than thirty different kinds of seeds and written down every small change she noticed in the field. At the very beginning of the project, a large number of seedlings died, and she soon realized she had made the serious error of watering them far too much every single day. Yet this early failure proved beneficial to her later work, because it clearly taught her that plant survival depends far more on the correct kind of soil than on the constant water supplied by hand. The following spring she conducted a second, much better planned experiment to illustrate the same basic idea to her teachers and classmates. With quiet wisdom she changed only one factor at a time, so that each result remained clear and easy to compare with the last. Her patient method showed that steady observation, not luck, decides what a real researcher finally learns from nature. She also kept a public diary of her work so that other students could follow her steps and avoid the same early mistakes she had made. The broad set of data she gathered over two full years became beneficial to farmers living far away from the city, and it helped indicate the best season to plant each local crop. She later said in a short interview that a truly good scientist learns far more from one honest mistake than from a hundred easy and comfortable successes won without thinking. Her story reminds us that science is less about being right at once and more about learning slowly from what went wrong, and her example encouraged several younger villagers to study agriculture at university. 1. What did the graduate student intend to do in 2021? A. She intended to write a book about famous scientists in history. B. She planned to travel abroad to study modern farming machines. C. She intended to conduct a scientific experiment on how plants survive in poor soil. D. She decided to open a shop that sells seeds to local village farmers. 2. What error did she make at the beginning of her work? A. She made the error of watering the seedlings far too much each day. B. She forgot to record any data during the first long winter. C. She chose a field that was too small to hold the test crops. D. She used tools that were not fit for careful scientific work. 3. How did she conduct the second experiment the following year? A. She changed all the factors at the same time to save her time. B. She conducted it with the help of a famous old professor from abroad. C. She repeated the first experiment without making any change at all. D. She changed only one factor at a time with quiet wisdom and patience. 4. What does the broad set of data finally help people do? A. It proves that luck decides what a researcher finally learns. B. It helps indicate the best season to plant and benefits farmers far away. C. It shows that constant water is the only key to plant survival. D. It tells farmers to give up the use of any scientific method. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 第1题（细节理解题·高考核心）：首段首句明确指出 In 2021 a graduate student intended to conduct a scientific experiment on how plants survive in poor soil，intend、conduct、scientific、experiment、survival 五个目标词同时锁定"她打算开展一项关于植物在贫瘠土壤中如何生存的科学实验"这一事实，选项C与原句逐词对应。A项"写科学家的书"、B项"出国研究农机"、D项"开种子店"均为文中无中生有的捏造。 第2题（细节理解题·高考高频）：第二段开头 she made the error of watering them too much 用 error 这一目标词直接说明她起初所犯的错误是"浇水过多"，选项A是对该句的准确同义复述。B项"整个冬天没记录数据"与首段 recorded daily data 矛盾；C项"田地太小"、D项"工具不合适"在文中均无依据，属过度推断。 第3题（推理判断题·高考核心）：第三段写道 she conducted a second experiment to illustrate the same idea，并 With quiet wisdom she changed only one factor at a time，conduct、experiment、illustrate、wisdom 四个目标词共同表明她"凭借智慧每次只改变一个因素"，选项D与原文完全吻合。A项"同时改所有因素"与原文相反；B项"外国老教授帮助"、C项"原样重复"均未在文中出现。 第4题（推理判断题·高考压轴）：末段 broad set of data 与 beneficial、indicate 收束全篇，明确写出 it helped indicate the best season to plant 且 became beneficial to farmers far away，选项B是对这一结论的整合。A项"运气决定"被末句 patience, not luck 直接否定；C项"水分是唯一关键"与第二段 survival depends more on soil 相悖；D项"放弃科学方法"与全文主旨背道而驰。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：survival, beneficial, indicate, scientific, intend, data, experiment, conduct, illustrate, error, wisdom, broad Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. survival — __________ 2. survive — __________ 3. beneficial — __________ 4. benefit — __________ 5. indicate — __________ 6. indication — __________ 7. scientific — __________ 8. science — __________ 9. intend — __________ 10. intention — __________ 11. data — __________ 12. database — __________ 13. experiment — __________ 14. experimental — __________ 15. conduct — __________ 16. conductor — __________ 17. illustrate — __________ 18. illustration — __________ 19. error — __________ 20. wisdom — __________ 21. wise — __________ 22. broad — __________ 23. broaden — __________ 24. by trial and error — __________ 【参考答案】 1. 生存；幸存（名词） 2. 生存；幸存（动词） 3. 有益的（形容词） 4. 益处；有益于；受益 5. 表明；指示；暗示 6. 迹象；指示（名词） 7. 科学的；系统的（形容词） 8. 科学（名词） 9. 打算；想要；意指 10. 意图；目的（名词） 11. 数据；资料（名词） 12. 数据库（名词） 13. 实验；试验（名词/动词） 14. 实验的（形容词） 15. 进行；实施；指挥 16. 指挥；售票员（名词） 17. 阐明；说明；图解 18. 插图；说明（名词） 19. 错误；差错（名词） 20. 智慧；学问（名词） 21. 明智的（形容词） 22. 宽阔的；广泛的（形容词） 23. 拓宽；使开阔（动词） 24. 反复试验；不断试错（短语） Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. The protection of the wetlands is very important to the continued living of the migrating birds. → The protection of the wetlands is vital to the __________ of the migrating birds. 2. A short walk after dinner is good for both your body and your mind. → A short walk after dinner is __________ to both your body and your mind. 3. The latest numbers clearly show that the new policy has worked well this year. → The latest numbers __________ that the new policy has worked well this year. 4. A careful and systematic study of the problem took the team three full months. → A __________ study of the problem took the team three full months. 5. The new park is planned to give stronger protection to the wild animals inside. → The new park is __________ to give stronger protection to the wild animals inside. 6. The information we collected helped us understand the real cause of the accident. → The __________ we collected helped us understand the real cause of the accident. 7. The teacher asked the students to do a small test to see if the idea was true. → The teacher asked the students to carry out a small __________ to see if the idea was true. 8. The school will carry out a survey among the parents next week. → The school will __________ a survey among the parents next week. 9. The writer used a moving story to explain the meaning of true friendship. → The writer used a moving story to __________ the meaning of true friendship. 10. By trying again and again, the little boy finally learned how to ride the bike. → By trial and __________, the little boy finally learned how to ride the bike. 11. With her deep insight, the old professor solved the difficult problem in minutes. → With her __________, the old professor solved the difficult problem in minutes. 12. The old man gave the child a big and happy smile when he heard the good news. → The old man gave the child a __________ smile when he heard the good news. 【答案】 1. survival 2. beneficial 3. indicate 4. scientific 5. intended 6. data 7. experiment 8. conduct 9. illustrate 10. error 11. wisdom 12. broad Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：intend → conduct → scientific → experiment → broad → data → indicate → beneficial → survival → error → illustrate → wisdom 复述模板（填空）： 一位年轻的科研者（打算）开展一项（科学的）实验，她收集了（广泛的）数据，想（表明）植物在贫瘠土壤中（生存）的规律。 起初她犯了（错误）——浇水过多；但这反而（有益的），因为她明白了（生存）更取决于土壤。 次年她（进行）第二次（实验）来（阐明）同一观点，凭（智慧）每次只改变一个因素，最终少走弯路。 你的复述： ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：intended; scientific; broad; data; indicate; survival; error; beneficial; survival; conducted; experiment; illustrate; wisdom 复述模板参考版本： A young researcher intended to conduct a scientific experiment, collecting broad data to indicate how plants survive in poor soil. At first she made an error by watering too much, yet the failure proved beneficial because it taught her that survival depends on the soil. The next year she conducted a second experiment to illustrate the same idea, and with quiet wisdom she changed only one factor at a time, avoiding much wasted effort in the end. $