Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修三（译林版）

Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语 ★同步语法二：倒装句 语法精讲精练 (一)过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语修饰名词或代词，表示被动或完成的含义，是高考语法填空、短文改错、阅读 理解中的高频考点。 分类 位置 含义 例句 转换规则 直接放 a broken window 前置定语（单 在被修 不可直接转换为定语从句，但 表被动或 (一扇被打碎的窗户) 个过去分词) 饰名词 完成 可理解为"that is/was fallen leaves broken” 前 (落叶) 表被动 后置定语（过 放在被 (动作由 The letter written 相当于which/that+be+ 修饰名 去分词短语) 他人施 by my sister is on 过去分词→The letter which 词后 the desk. 加) was written by my sister... 分词类型 逻辑 关系 含义 例句 过去分词(done) 被动1 名词承受动作 a used book(用过的书，被动)a retired 完成 或动作已完成 teacher(退休教师，完成) 名词发出动作 主动/ 现在分词(doing) 或动作正在进 a running boy(正在跑的男孩，主动)an 进行 行 interesting story(有趣的故事，主动) 易错点：不及物动词的过去分词只表完成，不表被动。如：fallen(落下的)、gone(离去 的)、risen(升起的)、vanished(消失的)。切勿误用被动含义。 1.判断前置定语与后置定语的位置。 2.区分过去分词（被动/完成）与现在分词（主动/进行）。 3.过去分词短语与定语从句的转换。 4.不规则动词过去分词的正确拼写（如broken,written,seen,spoken等）。 (二)过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况。其逻辑主语通常为主句的 主语，且与主语构成被动关系。 状语类型 用法说明 例句 可替换为when/while/after+ Heated,water turns into steam.(When 时间状语 主语+be done it is heated...) 可替换为because/since+主 原因状语 Deeply moved by the story,she cried.( 语+be done Because she was deeply moved...) 条件状语 可替换为if/unless+主语+ Given more time,we could finish the be done task.(If we are given more time...) 可替换为although/though+ Beaten by the rain,he still went on 让步状语 主语+be done walking.(Although he was beaten by the rain...) 方式/伴随状 表示主语做主要动作时伴随的状 The teacher entered the classroom, 语 态 followed by a group of students. 1.过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致，且为被动关系。 2.若逻辑主语不一致，需使用独立主格结构：名词代词十过去分词。 O例：The work finished,we went home.(工作完成后，我们回家了.) 3.高考常考：分词短语与状语从句的转换，以及分词时态（一般式Vs完成式)。完成式用 having been done表示发生在主句动作之前的被动动作。 Having been told many times,he still made the same mistake. 1.判断逻辑主语是否一致，选择分词形式。 2.区分过去分词（被动）与现在分词（主动）作状语。 过去分词：例句：Seen from the hill,,the city looks beautiful.(被动，see) 现在分词：O例句：Seeing the teacher,.the students stood up.(主动，see) 3.独立主格结构的识别与使用。 (三)过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾语补足语，位于宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。宾语与过去分词之间为被动关 系，或表示宾语所处的状态。常见于以下动词后： 动词类型 常见动词 例句 感官动词 see,hear,watch, I heard the song sung in English.(我听到这 notice,feel,find等 首歌被用英语唱。) have,get,make She had her computer repaired.(她让人修 使役动词 keep,leave等 好了电脑。) 表示愿望要求 want,wish,expect, The manager wants the work finished by order等 Friday.(经理希望周五前完成工作。) 表示结果状态 find,keep,leave等 He found the door locked.(他发现巾锁着。) 1.感官动词后，用doing表示主动进行，用done表示被动完成。 Q例句：I saw him crossing the street.(主动)vs|saw him knocked down by acar.(被动) 2.使役动词have/get的用法区别： ⊙例句：She had her computer repaired.(让人修好)vs He had his wallet stolen.(遭遇) 3.have sth done:让别人做某事或遭遇某事；get sth done:设法完成某事。 O例句：I got my hair cut yesterday.. 4.现在分词与过去分词作宾补的区别： ②例句：He kept me waiting.(主动)vs He kept me locked in the room.(被 动) 1.感官动词+宾语+done/doing的辨析。 2.使役动词have/get+宾语+done的结构。 3.固定搭配如leave sth undone(让某事未完成)、make oneself heard/understood(使别人听见理解自己)等。 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The news about the accident made everyone present feel A.shocked;shocking B.shocking;shocked C.shocked;shocked D.shocking;shocking 2. from the top of the mountain,the city looks like a giant chessboard. A.Seeing B.To see C.Seen D.Having seen 3.The manager had the project ahead of schedule despite the difficulties. A.completing B.completed C.to complete D.being completed 4.With all the work we could finally take a break. A.did B.done C.doing D.to do 5.The girl in the corner is the one for the lost wallet. A.crying;searching B.crying;searched C.cried;to search D.cried;searching 6. in a famous university,he was finally admitted as an exchange student. A.Having educated B.Educated C.Being educated D.To educate 7.I heard the song many times before,but this time it was sung in a different style A.to sing B.sung C.singing D.being sung 8.The bridge last year was designed by a young architect. A.built B.building C.being built D.to be built 9.He was left alone in the room,_ to himself. A.left B.leaving C.to leave D.having left 10.The _look on his face suggested that he didn't understand the question. A.puzzling B.puzzled C.puzzle D.being puzzled (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的适当形式填空（过去分词、现在分词或不定式）。 1.The (paint)wall looks brand new after the renovation. 2. _(compare)with the old model,the new one is more efficient. 3.The teacher asked the students to keep their eyes(close)during the game. 4. (expose)to the sun for too long,his skin became sunburned. 5.We found the window (break)when we got home. 6.The (fall)leaves covered the ground like a golden carpet. 7. (tell)many times,he finally realized the importance of hard work. 8.The scientist had the experiment (repeat)several times to ensure accuracy. (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式。 Last week,our class went on a field trip to a science museum.The guide 1 (dress)in a white coat showed us around the exhibition hall.2. (attract)by the huge model of the solar system,we stopped to take photos. One of the exhibits,3.(design)by a famous engineer,demonstrated how energy is converted.We watched a video of a car 4. (drive)by solar power. The guide explained that the technology 5.(use)in many countries now is still being improved. During the break,we saw a group of students 6. (seat)on the floor, 7. (engage)in a discussion about climate change.Their teacher had them ⊙ (divide)into small groups to share ideas. 9 (impress)by the whole experience,I decided to do some research on renewable energy.With all the information 10.(collect),I wrote a report 11 (praise)by my teacher.The report,12._ (write)in clear language,earned me an A. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.C;3.B;4.B;5.A;6.B;7.B;8.A;9.A;10.B 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.painted 2.Compared 3.closed 4.Exposed 5.broken 6.fallen 7.Told 8.repeated 形式填空 (三)篇章 1.dressed 2.Attracted 3.designed 4.driven 5.used 6.seated 语法填空 7.engaged 8.divided 9.Impressed 10.collected 11.praised 12.written 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 倒装句是英语中为强调、平衡句子结构或遵循特定语法规侧而将谓语（或谓语的一部分） 置于主语之前的句式。倒装分为完全倒装（谓语全部提前）和部分倒装（助动词情态动 词提前)，是高考语法填空、短文改错、读后续写中的高频考点。 (二) 核心用法与句式结构 倒 装 类 触发条件 结构公式 例句 部 否定词/半否定词(never, 分 Never have I hardly,seldom,little, 否定词+助动词情态动词 seen such a 倒 nowhere,not only...but also, +主语+谓语动词原形 装 beautiful sunset. no sooner..than等)置于句首 部 Only+状语+助动词/情 分 only+状语（副词/介词短语/从 Only by working 态动词十主语十谓语动词 倒 hard can you 句)置于句首 装 原形 achieve success. 部 So loudly did he 分 So/Such+形容词/副词/ so/such.that结构中so/such置 speak that 名词+助动词十主语十 倒 于句首 everyone could 装 that从句 hear him. 部 分 Had I known the 虚拟语气条件句省路if(were, Were/Had/Should+主 truth,I would 倒 had,should提前) 语+其余部分 装 have told you. 部 分 表语/状语/动词原形+ as/though引导的让步状语从句 as/though+主语+助动 Young as he is, 倒 (表语/状语/动词原形提前) he knows a lot. 装 词 完 表示地点/方向的副词(here, 全 there,in,out,away,up,down 副词/介词短语+谓语动词 In the corner 倒 等)或介词短语置于句首，且主语+主语 stood a tall boy. 装 为名词（非代词） 完 全 表语位于句首（平衡句子或强调表 On the table are 表语+系动词十主语 倒 语) some books 装 ★考点提示： >部分倒装中，助动词的选择取决于原句时态（一般现在/过去用do/does/did,完成 时用have/has/had,情态动词保留)。 >完全倒装中，谓语动词需与后置的主语保持数的一致；若主语为代词，则主谓不倒 装（如Here he comes.而非Here comes he.)。 (三)核心含义与易错点 1.否定词倒装的谓语结构 例：Under no circumstances should we give up. (否定短语前置，助动词should提前) 易错：not only.but also连接两个并列分句时，仅not only所在分句倒装，but also后保持正常语序。 Not only did he finish his work,but he also helped others. X Not only he finished his work,but also did he help others. 2.so/such.that倒装与正常语序的区别 正常：He was so tired that he fell asleep. 倒装：So tired was he that he fell asleep. 易错：当so/such修饰的名词是复数或不可数时，倒装时仍保留冠词或量词。 Such great progress has he made that we all admire him. 3.as/though倒装中的动词原形提前 y表语是名词时，倒装后常省略冠词：Child as he is,he can solve the problem. >动词原形提前时，后面需用助动词：Try as he might,he failed again. 4.完全倒装中主语必须是名词 >Down jumped the frog. )X Down jumped it.(正确为：Down it jumped.) (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.否定词倒装句的判断与助动词选择 例：Hardly (have)I arrived home when it began to rain.- Hardly had I arrived... 2.oly+状语从句倒装时，主句倒装，从句不倒装 Only when he returned did I realize the truth. 3.虚拟条件句省略if的倒装 例：Nere I you,I would accept the offer.(=If I were you.…) 4.完全倒装与地点副词连用 例：Ahead of the village lies a beautiful river..→强调地点时可将Ahead倒装： Ahead of the village lies a beautiful river..(本身谓语是Iies,主语是river,倒 装后仍是lies a beautiful river,注意主语位置) 但更多考查：In the valley stands a small wooden house. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（共10小题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.Not until the teacher came in the noise in the classroom. A.did the students stop B.the students stopped C.stopped the students D.the students did stop 2.Only after you have finished your homework watch TV. A.you can B.can you C.you may D.do you 3. I would have told you the news earlier. A.Had I known it B.I had known it C.If I know it D.Knowing it 4.So deeply that he didn't hear the knock at the door. A.he slept B.he was C.slept he D.did he sleep sleeping 5. he is not as confident as he appears. A.As he is brave B.Brave as he is C.Brave is he D.He is brave 6. from the top of the mountain,the lake looks like a mirror. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.Having seen 7.In the middle of the square _a monument to the hero. A.stands B.stand C.standing D.stood 8.Little about the accident until his mother told him. A.did he know B.he knew C.knew he D.he did know 9. the old man still insisted on working hard. A.As he was old B.Old as he was C.Though he old D.Old was he 10.Never in my life such a moving film. A.I have seen I B.have I seen C.I saw D.saw I (二)完成句子（共5小题） 根据中文提示，使用倒装句完成句子，每空一词（注意助动词/情态动词的正确形式）。 1.他刚离开就下起了大雨。 Hardly the house when it began to rain heavily. 2.只有通过持续练习，你中能提高英语口语。 Only by consistent practice your spoken English. 3.他是如此聪明，以至于所有人都喜欢他。 So clever that everyone likes him. 4要不是你的帮助，我就不会成功。 your help,I would not have succeeded. 5.山谷里有一条清澈的小溪。 Down the valley a clear stream. (三)句式转换（共5小题） 将下列正常语序的句子改为倒装句，要求句意不变。 1.I have never seen such a creative design before. →Never 2.You can succeed only if you keep trying. -Only if you keep trying 3.The singer was so popular that the whole stadium cheered. →So popular 4.If I had known the answer,I would have raised my hand. →HadI 5.A tall tower stands at the top of the hill. →At the top of the hill 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.A;2.B;3.A;4.D;5.B;6.B;7.A;8.A;9.B;10.B (二)完成 1.had he left 2.can you improve 3.is he 4.Without Had it not 句子 been for 5.flows runs 1.Never have I seen such a creative design before.2.Only if you (三)句式 | keep trying can you succeed.3.So popular was the singer that the 转换 whole stadium cheered.4.Had I known the answer,I would have raised my hand.5.At the top of the hill stands a tall tower.