Unit 5 Natural Disasters 一-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册期末词汇复习（冀教版）

期末词汇复习 必修1·冀教版·Unit5 NaturalDisasters- 、 重点单词详解 1:extremely 二、 核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：adv.极其；极端 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：extreme（adj.极度的；极端的) 副词：extremely(由extreme+-y构成) 三、用法与常见搭配 修饰形容词/副词：extremely difficult(极其困难)；extremely quickly(极快地) 修饰动词：She extremely dislikes noise.(她极其讨厌噪音) 四、拓展用法 程度差异：比vey语气更强，强调达到极限（如extremely hot比very hot更夸张） 否定表达：extremely unlikely(极不可能) 2:horrible 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(ad.) 核心义：adj.令人震惊的；恐怖的；糟糕的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：horror(n.恐怖；惊骇) 形容词：horrible(由horror+-ible构成，表”可…的) 副词：horribly/hprabli/(可怕地；非常) 、 用法与常见搭配 描述事物：horrible weather(糟糕的天气)；horrible accident(可怕的事故) 描述感受：feel horrible(感觉难受)；horrible news(令人震惊的消息) 四、辨析 horrible/terrible:前者侧重”令人恐惧/厌恶，后者侧重”糟糕、严重”（如a terrible mistake 比a horrible mistake更强调错误的严重性) 3:survive 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.) 核心义：v.幸存；生存；比…活得久 二、 构词法（词性转换） 前缀：sr-（超过；在…之上)+viv(词根：活，如ivid) 名词：survival /se'varvl/(幸存；生存)：survivor /sa'vava(r)/(幸存者) 三、 用法与常见搭配 不及物动词：survive in the desert(在沙漠中生存) 及物动词：survive the earthquake(从地震中幸存)；survive one's wife(比妻子活得久) 介词搭配：survive from ancient times(从古代留存下来) 四、拓展用法 熟词生义：survive the crisis(挺过危机)；survive the election（选举中胜出) 4:response 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.响应；答复；反应 二、 构词法（词性转换） 词根：spond(承诺；回应，如correspond) 动词：respond/I'sppnd/(▣应；反应) 形容词：responsive h'spDnsIv/(反应迅速的) 用法与常见搭配 介词搭配：in response to(作为对…的▣应)：a1 esponse from sb.（某人的答复) 动词搭配：get/receive a response（得到回应)；make no1 esponse（不回应) 四、辨析 response/reaction:response侧重？”有意识的▣应”（如a response to the letter);reaction侧 重”本能反应”（如a reaction to the drug) 5:design 、 核心考点 词性：动词（v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：v.&n.设计；构思；计划 二、 构词法（词性转换） 前缀：de(强调)+sign(标记；符号) 名词：designer/dr'zaine(r)/（设计师)：designing/dr'zanm/（设计；阴谋) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词：design sth.forb./sth.（为…设计…)：design to do sth.（计划做某事) 名词：a design for a new bridge(新桥设计图)：by design(故意地) 四、拓展用法 熟词生义：have designs on(对…有企图，如have designs on the company企图掌控公司) 6:supply 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(v.) 核心义：n.&v.供应：供给；补给 二、 构词法（词性转换） 名词复数：supplies(物资；补给品，常用复数) 形容词：supplied/sa'plard/（有供应的)；supplementary/,sApl'mentri/(补充的) 三、用法与常见搭配 动词：supply sb.with sth.=supply sth.tosb.(向某人提供某物) 名词：supply and demand(供求)：a good supply of(充足的…供应) 四、辨析 supply/provide: 搭配不同，supply sth.tosb.=provide sb.with sth. 7:content 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、形容词(adj.) 核心义：n.内容：日录；adj.满足的 二、 构词法（多词性） 名词：contents(目录；所含物品，常用复数) 动词：content/ken'tent/（使满足，如content oneself with sth.满足于某物) 三、用法与常见搭配 名词：the content of the book(书的内容)；table of contents(目录) 形容词：be content with（对…满足)；be content to do sth.(满足于做某事) 四、拓展 发音差异：作”内容时重音在前/kontent山：作”满足的”时重音在后kan'tent/ 8:package 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(.)、动词(v.) 核心义：n.包裹；包；v.将…包装好；打包 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：pack(打包)+-age（名词后缀，表”物”) 动词短语：package up(打包) 形容词：packaged/paekrd3d(包装好的) 三、用法与常见搭配 名词：a package tour（跟团旅游)；a software package(软件包) 动词：package the goods(（包装商品)；package the proposal（整合提案) 四、拓展用法 熟词生义：a package deal(一揽子交易)：package holidays(包办旅游) 9:movement 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.移动：运动；活动：乐章 一、 构词法（词性转换） 动词：move /mu:vl(移动；感动) 形容词：moving/muvm/(感人的)；movable/'mu:vabl/(可移动的) 三、用法与常见搭配 抽象含义：he women's movement（妇女运动)；a movement for change(改革运动) 具体含义：the movement of the planets(行星运行)；slow movement(缓慢移动) 四、辨析 movement/motion:movement侧重'有日的的动作或群体活动；motion侧重”物体的机 械运动”（如he motion of a pendulum钟摆的摆动） 10:disaster 一、核心考点 词性：名词(.) 核心义：n.灾难：灾祸：彻底的失败 二、 构词法（词性转换） 前缀：dis-(否定)+aster(星星，古代认为星位不正会引发灾难) 形容词：disastrous/drza:stres/.(灾难性的；极糟糕的) 三、用法与常见搭配 自然灾难：natural disaster（自然灾害)：earthquake disaster（地震灾害) 抽象含义：a disaster for the team(团队的惨败)；avoid disaster（避免灾难) 四、拓展用法 固定搭配：disaster area（灾区)；disaster relief(救灾)；ecological disaster(生态灾难) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The weather was_cold that we had to stay indoors all day. A)very B)extremely C)quite D)rather 2.Theaccident left many people homeless and shocked the whole nation A)terrible B)horrible C)serious D)dangerous 3.Only a few people managed tothe plane crash and were rescued by local villagers A)escape B)survive C)avoid D)overcome 4.The company made a quick_to the customer's complaint and solved the problem imme- diately. A)response B)reaction C)answer D)reply 5.This new software was specially_for students to improve their learning efficiency A)designed B)made C)created D)produced 6.The government has promised to_enough food and water to the flood-stricken area. A)provide B)offer C)supply D)give 7.As a student,Tom is always_with what he has and never asks for too much. A)content B)satisfied C)pleased D)happy 8.You need to_the books carefully before sending them to your friend. A)pack B)package C)wrap D)box 9.The_of the workers to demand better pay and conditions led to a strike last week. A)movement B)motion C)action D)activity 10.The heavy rain and strong winds caused a naturalin the coastal city,resulting in great loss. A)disaster B)accident C)event D)incident (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.After the earthquake,many people were left without basic(supply)like food and medicine. 2.The_(design)of the new library won an international award for its unique style. 3.She was_(horrible)injured in the car accident and had to stay in hospital for months. 4.The_(survive)of the climbers in the snowstorm surprised everyone,as they had no food for three days. 5.The teacher asked the students to write a(respond)to the article they had read in class. 6.It's important to learn some basic skills for(survive)when going on a hiking trip. 7.The company's_(design)team is working on a new project to meet the changing market needs. 8.The _(move)of the planets around the sun is a basic concept in astronomy. 9.He was(extreme)angry when he found out that his computer had been stolen. 10.The government has taken measures to prevent another ecological_(disaster)in the area. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The movie was_boring,so I left the cinema halfway through 2.The little girl was scared by the ghost story her brother told her 3.It's amazing that this old building has-for over 500 years despite many wars. 4.Into your email,we are pleased to inform you that your application has been accepted. 5.The architect spent two yearsthe plans for the new museum in the city center. 6.The local shop can'tenough fresh vegetables to meet the needs of all the residents. 7.As long as you arewith what you have,you will always find happiness in life 8.My parents sent me a_containing some clothes and snacks from my hometown. 9.The environmental protection has attracted thousands of young volunteers to join in. 10.The sudden earthquake was a teniblefor the small town,destroying most of its build- ings (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：BB B AA CA B AA 解析1（第1题）： 考查extremely的用法。extremely表示极其，极端，比vey语气更强，符合句意”天 气极其寒冷，我们不得不整天待在室内”。 解析2（第2题）： 考查horrible的用法。horrible表示”令人震惊的：恐怖的”，符合句意”这起可怕的事故 让许多人无家可归，震惊了全国”。 解析3（第3题）： 考查survive的用法。survive表示”幸存；生存，符合句意”只有少数人设法在飞机失 事中幸存下来，被当地村民救起”。 2.补全句子答案： 1.supplies 2.design 3.horribly 4.survival 5.response 6.survival 7.design 8.movement 9. extremely 10.disaster 3.首字母填空答案： 1.extremely 2.horrible 3.survived 4.response 5.designing 6.supply 7.content 8.package 9.movement 10.disaster 英语词汇复习手册·必修1·Unit5 Natural Disasters一