专题06 必修第二册Unit 4 单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）高一英语上学期译林版

该高中英语单元知识清单全面梳理了必修第二册Unit 4 Exploring literature单元内容，涵盖词汇（词形转换、词义）、高频短语、句型结构、写作应用及题型练习五大范畴，为学生搭建了从基础词汇积累到句型灵活运用再到写作输出的递进式学习支架。 清单采用分类梳理与高考衔接的方式组织知识体系，如将“devote”等词汇标注词性转换（devote→devoted→devotion），高频句型“be doing...when...”配情境例句，融入2025年高考真题设计语法填空，培养学生的语言能力和学习能力。特别设计易混词对比表（如transport与transportation用法区别），不同层次学生可高效掌握要点，教师可据此设计针对性教学，提升教学实效。

专题06 必修第二册Unit 4 Exploring literature单元词汇短语句型梳理 1. ________ vt. 致力于；献身→________ adj. 忠实的，忠诚的；挚爱的→________ n. 奉献；挚爱；忠诚 2. ________ vi. 有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n. 吸引力；申诉；呼吁，恳求→________ adj. 有吸引力的；恳求的 3. ________ vt. 确定；支配；决心 vi. 决心→________ adj. 坚定的；下定决心的→________ n. 决心；决定 4. ________ adj. 有重要意义的，显著的→________ n. 意义；重要性→________ adv. 显著地；意味深长地 5. ________ n. 描述，形容，说明→________ vt. 描写；形容；描绘 6. ________ vt. & vi. 反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思→________ n. 反映；思考；(声、光、热等的)反射；映像 7. ________ n. 永久，持久性→________ adj. 永久的 8. ________ n. 总结，概括，概要→________ v. 总结，概括；概述 9. ________ adj. 特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的→________ adv. 特别，尤其 10. ________ n. (同类)收藏品；作品集；募捐→________ vt. 收集；募捐→________ n. 收集者；收藏家 11. ________ vt. 运输，运送 n. 交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输→________ n. 运输；交通工具，运输工具 12. ________ n. 慷慨，大方，宽宏大量→________ adj. 慷慨的；大方的 13. ________ n. 诗集，诗歌→________ n. 诗人→________ n. 诗；韵文 14. ________ adv. 极其，非常，极端→________ adj. 极其的；极端的 n. 极端；极限 15. ________ vt. & n. 努力，尝试，试图→________ adj. 未遂的，企图的 16. ________ vt. 完成→________ n. 成就；成绩；完成→________ adj. 技艺高超的，熟练的 17. ________ adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的→________ adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的→________ vt. 使困惑/迷惑不解→________ n. 困惑；混淆 ( 清单 02 识词知意 ( 厚积薄发，熟能生巧 ) ) 1．literature n． 2．sensitive adj. 3．soul n． 4．capable adj. 5．awaken vt.& vi. 6．launch vt. n． 7．contain vt. 8．element n． 9．universal adj. 10．feature n． vt. 11．author n． 12．therefore adv. 13．issue n． vt. 14．novel n． 15．upper adj. 16．gap n． 17．context n． 18．specific adj. 19．topic n． 20．section n． 21．mean adj. 22．stage n． vt. 23．destroy vt. 24．defeat vt. n． 25．straighten vt. 26．alongside adv. 27．noble adj. 28．flash n． vt.& vi. ( 清单 03 高频短语 ( 积 少成多，活学活用 ) ) 1. ________________ 致力，专心，献身 2. ________________ 即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人) 3. ________________ 总的来说 4. ________________ 凭借，利用 5. ________________ 应该，应当 6. ________________ 尤其，特别 7. ________________ (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理 8. ________________ 正要做某事 9. ________________ 对……有吸引力；向……呼吁 10. ________________ 有能力；能够 11. ________________ 拉动 12. ________________ 坚持；抓住 13. ________________ 呈现；承担 14. ________________ 克服 15. ________________ 使某人注意…… ( 清单清 清 单 0401 高频句型 ( 精彩句型，句句精彩 ) 词 词 类转换 ( 变出精彩，举一反三 ) ) 1. be doing…when… 正在做……这时…… A child and a man ________________ on the beach ________ the child found a shell and held it to his ear. 一个孩子和一名男子正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，把它放到了耳边。 2. what引导主语从句/not…but… What amazed the child was ________________, ________________ of the old. 让孩子为之惊奇的其实不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那被人忽视的乐音。 3. 全部倒装 ________________________________, behind the man is the race, and behind the race are the natural and social environments. 每本书背后都有一个人，此人身后是一个族群，这个族群背后是自然和社会环境。 4. 否定词位于句首的部分倒装 ________________ a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or more noble thing than you, brother. 我从来没有见过比你更庞大、更美丽、更冷静或更高贵的家伙，兄弟。 5. with复合结构 The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly ________________________________. 鱼正正身子，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上绕来绕去。 ( 清单 05 单元写作 ( 通用表达，范文背诵 ) ) 一、单元写作任务： 本单元的话题是“文学”，与此相关的写作一般是写一个关于推荐文学作品的应用文。。 二、通用表达 1. 话题词汇 (1)推荐对象 ①science books　　 科学书籍 ②literary books 文学书籍 ③classic works 经典作品 ④science fiction 科幻小说 (2)推荐理由 ⑤arouse our curiosity 激发我们的好奇心 ⑥broaden our horizons 开阔我们的视野 ⑦promote traditional culture 弘扬传统文化 ⑧enjoy the beauty of the language 欣赏语言之美 ⑨have a better understanding of 更好理解…… (3)提出希望 ⑩take one’s recommendation into account考虑某人的推荐 adopt/follow/take one’s advice/suggestions采纳某人的建议 2. 话题句式 (1)段首句 ①I’m writing to recommend to you a novel A Tale of Two Cities written by Charles Dickens. 我写信向你推荐查尔斯·狄更斯的小说《双城记》。 ②I feel greatly honored to recommend to you a book on the history of China. 我很荣幸向您推荐一本关于中国历史的书。 ③Learning that our school library is going to buy books, I’d like to give some suggestions. 得知我们学校图书馆要买书, 我想给出一些建议。 (2)主体段落句 ①It is universally acknowledged that this is one of the best novels about contemporary rural life. 人们公认, 这是一部反映当代农村生活的最好的小说之一。 ②The book is of great help for us to learn about the history of Tang Dynasty. 这本书对我们了解唐朝历史很有帮助。 (3)段尾句 ①In a word, I would appreciate it if you could consider my recommendation. 总之, 如果你能考虑我的推荐, 我将不胜感激。 ②Based on the above facts, I strongly recommend the book to you. 基于以上事实, 我向你强烈推荐这本书。 三、范文背诵 1．4月23日为世界读书日（World Reading Day）。你们学校开展了“分享书籍，传播快乐”的主题活动。请写一篇英语短文，谈谈你对读书的看法，推荐一本好书，让更多的人参与读书。 要求： （1）文中不得出现个人真实的姓名和校名； （2）词数100词左右。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 April 23 is World Reading Day, a perfect time to celebrate the magic of books. Not only can reading open our minds to new worlds but also it can enrich our spirits and helps us grow wiser. It’s a journey of discovery that brings endless joy. My favorite book is The Little Prince. It tells a touching story about love and friendship, reminding us to keep our childlike curiosity and cherish the simple things in life. Every page is full of warmth and wisdom. Let’s join in the activity of sharing books. Pick up a book, dive into it, and pass it on. Let reading become a part of our daily life and spread joy to more people! ( 题型 01 2 单词拼写 ( 夯实双基，厚积薄发 ) ) 根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1．The thought of leaving once f through his mind, but he quickly gave up the idea and found ways to deal with the trouble. 2．How can I ever repay you for your g (慷慨，大方)?   3．As was reported, the earthquake d hundreds of houses, leaving many families homeless overnight. 4．To understand the sentence better, you should consider its c (上下文) in the passage. 5.  Jiuzhaigou is an   (极其) beautiful place which attracts tourists from home and abroad 6．His (描述) of the ancient city was so vivid that we felt like we were there. 7．The Mid-Autumn Festival is a (特定的) occasion for family reunions. 8．After months of training, he is now c (having the ability or qualities necessary for doing sth) of running a marathon. 9．He a (to make an effort or try to do sth, especially sth difficult) to break the world record but failed by a few seconds. 10．There was a c look on his face when he met with the problem. ( 题型 02 2 单句语法填空 ( 一词多变，活学活用 ) ) 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. (2025北京高考)If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel （capable）of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. 2. (2025年新课标Ⅰ卷)Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few (contain) a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. 3. (2025北京高考)Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core (feature) are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. 4. (2025北京高考)Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive ____________ (mean) after stressful events. 5. (2025北京高考)Whole neighbourhoods (destroy) to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. 6. (2025年新课标Ⅰ卷)A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. 7. (2025年新课标Ⅱ卷) I took out a piece of paper and began to sketch out characters, explaining each stroke and its (significant). 8. (2025年新课标Ⅰ卷) (describe) her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” 9. (2025年新课标Ⅱ卷)As I spoke, I noticed the rapt attention of my classmates, their eyes (reflect)curiosity and respect. 10. (2025年1月浙江卷)Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers, students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries, as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our __________(collect). 11. (2025年新课标Ⅱ卷) Over time, I’ve found myself feeling (extreme) at home here. 12. (2025北京高考)In a desperate attempt (escape) the mounting pressure, I falsely confessed (承认). ( 题型 03 2 完成句子 ( 精彩句型，活学即用 ) ) 1．随着假期的临近，我们都在忙着做旅行计划。(with复合结构，approach) , we are busy making travel plans. 2．我正在教室里看书，这时听到有一则公告。(be doing sth. when...) I there was an announcement. 3．给我印象最深的东西是那段时间里形成的友谊。（what引导主语从句） the friendship formed in the period. 4．在论坛上，我们不但可以拓展知识，还能与其他英语学习者交流看法。 _____________________ exchange ideas with other English learners on the forum.. 5．尤其令人惊叹的是当地的建筑风格。(完全倒装) _______________________________the local architecture style. 6．我从来没有见过让他如此生气的情况。(否定词位于句首的部分倒装) which made him so angry. 1.各种“可能的”的用法区别 易混词 用法及例句 transport 　指具体的交通方式或工具 transportation 指抽象的交通方式 2.“破坏”用哪个？ 易混词 用法 damage 既可作动词, 也可作名词, 指部分“损坏”“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低 destroy 只能用作动词, 指彻底地破坏, 以致不可能修复, 常作“破坏”“毁灭”讲 ruin 表示破坏严重, 以致不能修复, 是长期损坏的结果。它既可以表示毁灭具体事物, 也可以用来表示抽象概念上的“毁掉或破坏” 学科网（北京）股份有限公6 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 必修第二册Unit 4 Exploring literature单元词汇短语句型梳理 1. devote vt. 致力于；献身→devoted adj. 忠实的，忠诚的；挚爱的→devotion n. 奉献；挚爱；忠诚 2. appeal vi. 有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n. 吸引力；申诉；呼吁，恳求→appealing adj. 有吸引力的；恳求的 3. determine vt. 确定；支配；决心 vi. 决心→determined adj. 坚定的；下定决心的→determination n. 决心；决定 4. significant adj. 有重要意义的，显著的→significance n. 意义；重要性→significantly adv. 显著地；意味深长地 5. description n. 描述，形容，说明→describe vt. 描写；形容；描绘 6. reflect vt. & vi. 反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思→reflection n. 反映；思考；(声、光、热等的)反射；映像 7. permanence n. 永久，持久性→permanent adj. 永久的 8. summary n. 总结，概括，概要→summaris(z)e v. 总结，概括；概述 9. particular adj. 特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的→particularly adv. 特别，尤其 10. collection n. (同类)收藏品；作品集；募捐→collect vt. 收集；募捐→collector n. 收集者；收藏家 11. transport vt. 运输，运送 n. 交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输→transportation n. 运输；交通工具，运输工具 12. generosity n. 慷慨，大方，宽宏大量→generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的 13. poetry n. 诗集，诗歌→poet n. 诗人→poem n. 诗；韵文 14. extremely adv. 极其，非常，极端→extreme adj. 极其的；极端的 n. 极端；极限 15. attempt vt. & n. 努力，尝试，试图→attempted adj. 未遂的，企图的 16. accomplish vt. 完成→accomplishment n. 成就；成绩；完成→accomplished adj. 技艺高超的，熟练的 17. confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的→confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的→confuse vt. 使困惑/迷惑不解→confusion n. 困惑；混淆 ( 清单 02 识词知意 ( 厚积薄发，熟能生巧 ) ) 1．literature n．文学，文学作品 2．sensitive adj.感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的 3．soul n．灵魂；心性，内心 4．capable adj.有能力，有才能；能力强的 5．awaken vt.& vi.唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来 6．launch vt.使(船)下水；开始从事，发动 n．上市；发射，发起 7．contain vt.包含，含有，容纳 8．element n．要素，基本部分 9．universal adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的 10．feature n．特色，特征 vt.以……为特色，是……的特征 11．author n．作者，作家 12．therefore adv.因此，所以 13．issue n．重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；(报刊)一期 vt.宣布，公布 14．novel n．(长篇)小说 15．upper adj.上部的；上面的 16．gap n．差距；间隙 17．context n．(事情发生的)背景，环境，来龙去脉；上下文，语境 18．specific adj.特定的；明确的，具体的 19．topic n．话题；题目；标题 20．section n．部分，部门；部件，散件 21．mean adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的 22．stage n．舞台；阶段；步骤 vt.上演，举办 23．destroy vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏 24．defeat vt.击败，战胜 n．失败，战败；击败 25．straighten vt.挺直；(使)变直，变正 26．alongside adv.在……旁边；与……一起 27．noble adj.贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的 28．flash n．闪光；闪现 vt.& vi.(使)闪光；(使)闪现 ( 清单 03 高频短语 ( 积 少成多，活学活用 ) ) 1. devote oneself to 致力，专心，献身 2. in store (for sb.) 即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人) 3. in summary 总的来说 4. draw on 凭借，利用 5. ought to 应该，应当 6. in particular 尤其，特别 7. clear up (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理 8. be on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事 9. appeal to 对……有吸引力；向……呼吁 10. be capable of 有能力；能够 11. pull on 拉动 12. hold on 坚持；抓住 13. take on 呈现；承担 14. get over 克服 15. bring…to one’s attention 使某人注意…… ( 清单清 清 单 0401 高频句型 ( 精彩句型，句句精彩 ) 词 词 类转换 ( 变出精彩，举一反三 ) ) 1. be doing…when… 正在做……这时…… A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear. 一个孩子和一名男子正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，把它放到了耳边。 2. what引导主语从句/not…but… What amazed the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old. 让孩子为之惊奇的其实不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那被人忽视的乐音。 3. 全部倒装 Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race, and behind the race are the natural and social environments. 每本书背后都有一个人，此人身后是一个族群，这个族群背后是自然和社会环境。 4. 否定词位于句首的部分倒装 Never have I seen a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or more noble thing than you, brother. 我从来没有见过比你更庞大、更美丽、更冷静或更高贵的家伙，兄弟。 5. with复合结构 The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air. 鱼正正身子，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上绕来绕去。 ( 清单 05 单元写作 ( 通用表达，范文背诵 ) ) 一、单元写作任务： 本单元的话题是“文学”，与此相关的写作一般是写一个关于推荐文学作品的应用文。。 二、通用表达 1. 话题词汇 (1)推荐对象 ①science books　　 科学书籍 ②literary books 文学书籍 ③classic works 经典作品 ④science fiction 科幻小说 (2)推荐理由 ⑤arouse our curiosity 激发我们的好奇心 ⑥broaden our horizons 开阔我们的视野 ⑦promote traditional culture 弘扬传统文化 ⑧enjoy the beauty of the language 欣赏语言之美 ⑨have a better understanding of 更好理解…… (3)提出希望 ⑩take one’s recommendation into account考虑某人的推荐 adopt/follow/take one’s advice/suggestions采纳某人的建议 2. 话题句式 (1)段首句 ①I’m writing to recommend to you a novel A Tale of Two Cities written by Charles Dickens. 我写信向你推荐查尔斯·狄更斯的小说《双城记》。 ②I feel greatly honored to recommend to you a book on the history of China. 我很荣幸向您推荐一本关于中国历史的书。 ③Learning that our school library is going to buy books, I’d like to give some suggestions. 得知我们学校图书馆要买书, 我想给出一些建议。 (2)主体段落句 ①It is universally acknowledged that this is one of the best novels about contemporary rural life. 人们公认, 这是一部反映当代农村生活的最好的小说之一。 ②The book is of great help for us to learn about the history of Tang Dynasty. 这本书对我们了解唐朝历史很有帮助。 (3)段尾句 ①In a word, I would appreciate it if you could consider my recommendation. 总之, 如果你能考虑我的推荐, 我将不胜感激。 ②Based on the above facts, I strongly recommend the book to you. 基于以上事实, 我向你强烈推荐这本书。 三、范文背诵 1．4月23日为世界读书日（World Reading Day）。你们学校开展了“分享书籍，传播快乐”的主题活动。请写一篇英语短文，谈谈你对读书的看法，推荐一本好书，让更多的人参与读书。 要求： （1）文中不得出现个人真实的姓名和校名； （2）词数100词左右。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 April 23 is World Reading Day, a perfect time to celebrate the magic of books. Not only can reading open our minds to new worlds but also it can enrich our spirits and helps us grow wiser. It’s a journey of discovery that brings endless joy. My favorite book is The Little Prince. It tells a touching story about love and friendship, reminding us to keep our childlike curiosity and cherish the simple things in life. Every page is full of warmth and wisdom. Let’s join in the activity of sharing books. Pick up a book, dive into it, and pass it on. Let reading become a part of our daily life and spread joy to more people! ( 题型 01 2 单词拼写 ( 夯实双基，厚积薄发 ) ) 根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1．The thought of leaving once flashed through his mind, but he quickly gave up the idea and found ways to deal with the trouble. 2．How can I ever repay you for your generosity (慷慨，大方)?   3．As was reported, the earthquake destroyed hundreds of houses, leaving many families homeless overnight. 4．To understand the sentence better, you should consider its context (上下文) in the passage. 5.  Jiuzhaigou is an extremely (极其) beautiful place which attracts tourists from home and abroad 6．His description (描述) of the ancient city was so vivid that we felt like we were there. 7．The Mid-Autumn Festival is a specific (特定的) occasion for family reunions. 8．After months of training, he is now capable (having the ability or qualities necessary for doing sth) of running a marathon. 9．He attempted (to make an effort or try to do sth, especially sth difficult) to break the world record but failed by a few seconds. 10．There was a confused look on his face when he met with the problem. ( 题型 02 2 单句语法填空 ( 一词多变，活学活用 ) ) 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. (2025北京高考)If these life cycles are delayed, interrupted, or denied, you feel incapable （capable）of accessing your states of self, controlling unpleasant feelings, and manipulating the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. 2. (2025年新课标Ⅰ卷)Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained (contain) a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. 3. (2025北京高考)Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features (feature) are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. 4. (2025北京高考)Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning (mean) after stressful events. 5. (2025北京高考)Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed(destroy) to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. 6. (2025年新课标Ⅰ卷)A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. 7. (2025年新课标Ⅱ卷) I took out a piece of paper and began to sketch out characters, explaining each stroke and its significance(significant). 8. (2025年新课标Ⅰ卷)Describing (describe) her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” 9. (2025年新课标Ⅱ卷)As I spoke, I noticed the rapt attention of my classmates, their eyes reflecting (reflect)curiosity and respect. 10. (2025年1月浙江卷)Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers, students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries, as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection(collect). 11. (2025年新课标Ⅱ卷) Over time, I’ve found myself feeling extremely (extreme) at home here. 12. (2025北京高考)In a desperate attempt to escape (escape) the mounting pressure, I falsely confessed (承认). ( 题型 03 2 完成句子 ( 精彩句型，活学即用 ) ) 1．随着假期的临近，我们都在忙着做旅行计划。(with复合结构，approach) With the holiday approaching, we are busy making travel plans. 2．我正在教室里看书，这时听到有一则公告。(be doing sth. when...) I was reading a book in the classroom when there was an announcement. 3．给我印象最深的东西是那段时间里形成的友谊。（what引导主语从句） What impresses me most is the friendship formed in the period. 4．在论坛上，我们不但可以拓展知识，还能与其他英语学习者交流看法。(not only 的部分到装) Not only can we broaden (our) knowledge but also we can exchange ideas with other English learners on the forum. 5．尤其令人惊叹的是当地的建筑风格。(完全倒装) Especially amazing is the local architecture style. 6.我从来没有见过让他如此生气的情况。(否定词位于句首的部分倒装) Never have I seen a situation which made him so angry. 1.各种“可能的”的用法区别 易混词 用法及例句 transport 　指具体的交通方式或工具 transportation 指抽象的交通方式 2.“破坏”用哪个？ 易混词 用法 damage 既可作动词, 也可作名词, 指部分“损坏”“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低 destroy 只能用作动词, 指彻底地破坏, 以致不可能修复, 常作“破坏”“毁灭”讲 ruin 表示破坏严重, 以致不能修复, 是长期损坏的结果。它既可以表示毁灭具体事物, 也可以用来表示抽象概念上的“毁掉或破坏” 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $