专题05 必修一（核心词汇+句型）题型训练 (必修一)（寒假复习讲义）高一英语外研版

专题05必修一（核心词汇+句型）题型训练 知 识 梳 理 Unit 1 A New Start 核心词 词性 派生词 常考搭配 curious adj. curiosity（n.）； curiously（adv.） ◆be curious about sth. 对……感到好奇 ◆be curious to do sth. 很想做某事 ◆out of curiosity 出于好奇 impression n. impress（v.） impressive（adj.） ◆leave/make a(n)… impression on sb. 给某人留下一个……的印象 ◆impress sb by/with 某事给某人留下深刻印象 ◆impress sth on sb 使某人了解某事的重要性 argue v. argument (n.) ◆argument about/over sth with sb 和某人争论某事 ◆argue for/against (doing) sth 据理赞成/反对（做）某事 ◆argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事 apply v. applicant (n.) application (n.) ◆apply to 向……提出申请；对……适用 ◆apply to do sth 申请做某事 ◆apply for 申请 frighten v. fright (n.) frightening (adj.) ◆be frightened of doing 害怕做某事 ◆frighten sb into doing sth 把某人吓得做某事 ★核心句型★ 1. sb was/were doing sth when...（某人正在做某事，这时……） 原句：I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me. 用法：when 为并列连词，表 “突然发生”。 2. with + 宾语 + 宾补（with 复合结构，表伴随 / 原因 / 状态） 原句：With butterflies in my stomach, I breathed deeply. 用法：作状语，宾补可由介词短语、形容词、分词等充当。 3. too + adj./adv. + to do sth（太…… 而不能……） 原句：I had been too nervous to pay attention when he introduced himself! 用法：表否定含义，不定式为结果状语。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1.（2024 江苏南京高三一模）______ (curious) drove the boy to explore the mystery, for he is always curious about the unknown world. 2.（2023 全国甲卷改编）The teacher’s encouraging words left a very deep ______ (impress) on all the students present. 3.（2024 山东济南高三一模）They ______ (argue) fiercely about the project when the manager came in to calm them down. 4.（2022 浙江卷改编）Anyone who wants to get the job must ______ (application) in person before the deadline. 5.（2024 河南郑州高三二模）The little boy was ______ (frighten) by the terrible storm and dared not go out alone. 6.（2023 全国新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编）With all the work ______ (finish), we can finally take a relaxing holiday abroad. 7.（2024 湖南长沙高三一模）The math problem is too hard for the students ______ (work) out in just ten minutes. 8.（2024 安徽合肥高三一模）We had a heated ______ (argue) about the travel plan, but we reached an agreement in the end. 9.（2022 天津卷改编）With the wind ______ (blow) strongly, we had to cancel the outdoor sports meeting. 10.（2024 四川成都高三二模）She was reading a novel carefully _______ a sudden knock at the door interrupted her. 11.（2024 广东广州高三一模）Every ______ (apply) for the scholarship should provide a detailed study plan. 12.（2023 浙江杭州高三一模）The scene was so ______ (frighten) that many children burst into tears immediately. 13.（2024 陕西西安高三一模）With a lot of tasks ______ (complete) in two days, we have to work extra hours these days. 14.（2022 全国乙卷改编）The film is too boring ______ (attract) a large audience in the cinema. 15. （2024 湖北襄阳高三一模）The speech he delivered at the opening ceremony was so ______ (impress) that it won loud applause from all the audience. Unit 2 Exploring English 核心词 词性 派生词 常考搭配 vary v. various（adj.）； variety（n.）； varied（adj.） ◆vary from ... to ...； ◆a variety of；various kinds of confuse v. confused（adj.）； confusing（adj.）； confusion（n.） ◆be confused about 对……感到困惑 ◆confuse A with B； contact v. /n. / ◆have contact with sb 与某人有联系 ◆stay/keep in contact 保持联系 ◆lose contact with sb 与某人失去联系 intend v. intention (n.) ◆intend to do sth 打算做某事 ◆intend sb to do sth打算让某人做某事 ◆be intended for是为……而提供/设计的 ★核心句型★ 1. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. 【考点】主谓一致：就远原则 【用法】主语后接 as well as / with / together with / along with / besides / except 等标志词时，谓语动词的单复数，只由最前面的主语决定（和后面的名词无关，离谓语远的主语说了算，即就远原则） 【公式】主语 A + 标志词 + 主语 B + 谓语（单复数看 A） 2. reason相关句型 That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. This/That is/was why …这就是为什么 This/That is/was because …这是因为 the reason why…is/was…that… ……的原因是…… ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1.（2024 山东淄博高三一模）The styles of the dresses in this shop ______ (various) in colour and size to suit different customers. 2.（2023 全国乙卷改编）Most beginners are ______ (confuse) by the similar English idioms and often use them wrongly. 3.（2024 江苏南通高三二模）The reason ______ she refused the invitation is that she had to look after her sick mother. 4.（2022 浙江卷改编）If you have any questions, you can get in contact _______ our customer service online at any time. 5. （2025 高考语法填空专项模拟题）Not only the manager but also a worker from his company ________ (contact) the injured person so far. 6. （2025届全国卷高三英语名校联考语法填空真题改编）His unclear explanation only added to the general ________ (confuse) about the plan among us. 7.（2024 湖南长沙高三一模）He was late for the important meeting. That is ______ he was asked to make a formal apology. 8.（2022 天津卷改编）We were shocked at the ______ (vary) of wildlife in the rainforest during our field trip. 9.（2024 广东深圳高三一模）The manager suggested ______ (contact) the supplier directly to discuss the delivery problem at once. 10.（2023 全国甲卷改编）She didn’t manage to finish the task on time. That is ______ she lacked practical experience in this field. 11. （2024 全国卷 Ⅱ 语法填空模拟题改编）This educational program is intended ________ children aged 6 to 12 to help them develop good learning habits. 12.（2024 四川成都高三二模）The ______ (confuse) problem made all the students stuck and none of them could work it out quickly. 13.（2022 全国乙卷改编）We should apply what we’ve learned ______ practice and keep in contact with our former classmates. 14.（2024 安徽合肥高三一模）His original ______ (intend) was to volunteer in the community, but he had to give it up due to illness. 15.（2024 福建福州高三一模）The reason ______ we have to change the plan is that the weather is getting worse and worse recently. Unit 3 Family Matters（家庭关系） 核心词 词性 派生词 常考搭配 approach n./v. ◆approach to doing sth做某事的方法 ◆approach to sth做某事的方法；通往某处的道路 ◆with the approach of sth随着某事的来临/临近 assume v. assumption (n.) assuming (adj.) ◆it is assumed that …人们认为 ◆make an assumption 做出假设 respect n./v. respectful ◆respect sb for (doing) sth 敬佩某人做某事 ◆have respect for sb 尊敬某人 ◆give/send one’s respects to sb 带某人问候某人 ◆in this respect 在这方面 ◆be respectful of 尊重 responsible adj. responsibility (n.) ◆be responsible for (doing) sth对（做）某事负责 ◆take responsibility for (doing) sth 承担（做）某事的责任 aim n./v. aimless (adj.) ◆aim to do sth 力争做某事 ◆be aimed at doing sth 旨在做某事 ◆the aim of ……的目的 ◆with the aim of doing sth 旨在做某事 observe v. observation (n.) ◆observe sb do sth 看到/注意到某人做某事 ◆observe sb doing sth看到/注意到某人正在做某事 admire v. admiration (n.) admirable (adj.) ◆admire sb for (doing) sth 因（做）某事而钦佩某人 ◆have great admiration for 对……敬佩不已 ◆be full of admiration 满怀敬佩 ★核心句型★ But for Alistair, his decision was easy to explain: “Mum wouldn’t have been happy if I’d left Jonny behind.” 【考点】be + 形容词 + to do 主动形式表被动含义 【用法】形容词描述主语本身的属性 / 特征，不定式的逻辑宾语就是句子主语，主动形式即可体现“主语被……”的被动逻辑，该类形容词常考的有：easy、hard、difficult、impossible、simple、convenient、pleasant、comfortable、tough、tricky 例：① His decision was easy to explain.（他的决定很容易被解释） ② The problem is hard to solve.（这个问题很难被解决） ③ This question is impossible to answer.（这个问题无法被回答） ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. (2025 新高考 Ⅰ 卷语法填空模拟题) We can draw a reasonable ________ (assume) from the data collected in the survey. 2. (2024 全国乙卷名校联考真题) Without a clear goal, you will feel ________ (aim) and easily lose your way in life. 3. (2023 全国甲卷真题改编题) Her bravery and perseverance have won great ________ (admire) from all her classmates and teachers. 4. (2025 届高三湘豫名校联考真题) Teenagers should learn to take on more ________ (responsible) for their own decisions and actions. 5. (2024 新高考 Ⅱ 卷语法填空模拟题) People all over the world show great respect ________ the heroes who devote their lives to the country. 6. (2022 全国卷 Ⅰ 真题改编题) The young nurse is responsible ________ caring for the elderly patients in this ward day and night. 7. (2025 届天一大联考语法填空真题) The government’s new policy is aimed ________ solving the serious environmental problems in the city. 8. (2024 全国甲卷真题改编题) Many experts ________ (approach) the problem in different ways, but none of them worked out a perfect solution. 9. (2025 届高三全国卷核心考点专项模拟题) ________ the approach of the Spring Festival, people are busy preparing for family reunions and holiday celebrations. 10. (2022 全国乙卷名校联考真题) The research team aims ________ (find) an effective way to protect the endangered wild animals in the area. 11. (2025 高三江淮十校联考真题) The rules and regulations in the school are easy ________ (follow) as long as everyone keeps them in mind. 12. (2024 全国卷 Ⅰ 语法填空模拟题) The little girl is always the first student ________ (raise) her hand to answer questions in English class. 13. (2025 届高三百强校联考真题) We ________ (observe) the stars shining brightly in the sky when a sudden rainstorm began to fall last night. 14. (2023 全国卷 Ⅱ 真题改编题) This ancient cultural relic is very valuable and worthy ________ (preserve) for future generations. 15. (2024 新高考 Ⅰ 卷语法填空模拟题) It is generally ________ (assume) that regular exercise is beneficial to people’s physical and mental health. Unit 4 Friends Forever（永恒友谊） 核心词 词性 派生词 常考搭配（含短语 + 例句） prefer v. preference (n.) ◆prefer to do sth 更喜欢做某事 ◆prefer doing sth to doing sth 比起做某事，更喜欢做某事 ◆prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 tend v. tendency (n.) ◆tend to do sth 往往会做某事；倾向于做某事 ◆tend to sb/sth 照料；护理 ◆have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向 inspire v. inspiration (n.) inspiring (adj.) inspired (adj.) ◆inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 ◆be inspired by 受…… 启发；被…… 鼓舞 ◆draw inspiration from 从…… 中汲取灵感 patience n. patient (adj.) patient (n.) patiently (adv.) impatient (adj.) ◆have patience with sb 对某人有耐心 ◆be patient with sb 对某人有耐心 ◆with patience = patiently 耐心地 ◆lose patience with sb 对某人失去耐心 fortune n. fortunate (adj.) fortunately (adv.) unfortunate (adj.) unfortunately(adv.) misfortune (n.) ◆make one’s fortune 发财；赚大钱 ◆be fortunate to do sth= be fortunate in doing sth 很幸运做某事 ◆try one's fortune 碰运气；闯荡 appoint v. appointment (n.) appointed (adj.) ◆at the appointed time在约定的时间 ◆appoint sb (as) sth 任命某人为…… ◆appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 ◆make an appointment (with sb) （与某人）预约；约会 ★核心句型★ 1. But we need to keep in mind that what we seen on social media is often not the whole truth about a person. 【考点】 what 引导主语从句（从句嵌套在宾语从句中） 【句子分析】句子整体结构拆解（先理清层级，再抓核心） 本句主干：we need to keep in mind that... that 引导宾语从句（作 keep in mind 的宾语）： what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person 这个宾语从句中，what 又引导了主语从句： what we see on social media（整个从句作宾语从句的主语） 2. We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be. 【考点】whatever 引导让步状语从句 【句子分析】先拆句子结构，锁定 whatever 的句法位置 本句主干：We figured that... that 引导宾语从句：in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be whatever 出现在宾语从句末尾，引导让步状语从句，对宾语从句内容进行让步补充，属于句末让步的高频考法。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. (2025 新高考 Ⅰ 卷语法填空模拟题) Different people have different ________ (prefer) for their daily hobbies, like reading and painting. 2. (2024 全国乙卷名校联考真题) There is a growing ________ (tend) for teenagers to pay more attention to traditional culture these years. 3. (2023 全国甲卷真题改编题) The teacher’s encouraging words offered us great ________ (inspire) to face the exam bravely. 4. (2025 届湘豫名校联考真题) After waiting for an hour, he got ________ (patient) and decided to call the office directly. 5. (2024 新高考 Ⅱ 卷语法填空模拟题) ________ (fortune), the missing child was found safe and sound by the police in the end. 6. (2022 全国卷 Ⅰ 真题改编题) I need to make an ________ (appoint) with the manager to talk about my work plan this Friday. 7. (2025 届天一大联考语法填空真题) ________ really counts in our life is not money, but the happiness we share with family. 8. (2024 全国甲卷真题改编题) ________ difficulties we may meet with, we will stick to our dreams and never give up. 9. (2023 新高考 Ⅱ 卷语法填空模拟题) She ________ (prefer) to go hiking alone rather than stay at home on weekends. 10. (2022 全国乙卷名校联考真题) Most birds tend _______ (fly) to the south when the cold winter is coming. 11. (2025 届江淮十校联考真题) The moving story ________ (inspire) all the students to help the poor kids in the mountain village last month. 12. (2024 新高考 Ⅰ 卷语法填空模拟题) We should communicate with our parents with enough ________ (patient) and understanding. 13. (2025 届百强校联考真题) ________ he achieved through hard work made his parents feel very proud of him. 14. (2023 全国卷 Ⅱ 真题改编题) He was ________ (fortune) to get a chance to study abroad with the school’s scholarship. 15. (2024 全国卷乙语法填空模拟题) The company ________ (appoint) Mr. Li as the new director because of his excellent ability last week. Unit 5 Into the Wild（走进自然） 核心词 词性 派生词 常考搭配（搭配含义） measure v. / n. measurement (n.) ◆measure sth by sth 用某物测量某物 ◆take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事 determine v. determination (n.) determined (adj.) ◆determine to do sth 决心做某事 ◆be determined to do sth 下定决心做某事 ◆determination to do sth 做某事的决心 amazing adj. amaze (v.) amazed (adj.) amazingly (adv.) amazement (n.) ◆be amazed at/by 对……感到惊讶 ◆to one’s amazement 令某人吃惊的是 ◆in amazement 吃惊地 survive v. survival (n.) survivor (n.) survivable (adj.) ◆survive sth 幸免于某事；从某事中幸存 ◆survive on sth 靠某物存活 ◆struggle to survive 挣扎求生 ◆survive from sth 从…… 留存下来 found v. foundation (n.) founder (n.) foundational (adj.) founded (adj.) ◆found sth 创立；建立；创办 ◆be founded on/upon sth 以…… 为基础 ◆lay the foundation for sth 为某事奠定基础 variety n. vary (v.) various (adj.) varied (adj.) ◆a variety of 各种各样的 ◆varieties of 多种多样的 ◆a wide variety of 种类繁多的 ◆variety show 综艺节目 ◆in variety 多样化；形形色色 ★核心句型★ It is after all we who are the visitors to their world. 【考点】强调句（It is + 被强调部分 + who/that...） ▷ 本句被强调部分：we（句子主语，指人） ▷ 连接词：who（被强调部分是人，用 who；若指物 / 整句，用 that） ▷ 还原成普通句（去掉强调结构，句意不变）： We are the visitors to their world, after all. ▷ 句意：归根结底，我们才是闯入它们世界的访客。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. (2025 新高考 Ⅰ 卷语法填空模拟题) ________ (measure) about 1.8 meters in height, the young athlete is very suitable for the basketball team. 2. (2024 全国乙卷名校联考真题) With great ________ (determine), she overcame all the difficulties and finally succeeded in the competition. 3. (2023 全国甲卷真题改编题) We stared at the wonderful scenery in the valley in complete ________ (amaze) and forgot to take photos for a moment. 4. (2025 届湘豫名校联考真题) The doctors did everything they could to ensure the ________ (survive) of the injured driver in the car accident. 5. (2024 新高考 Ⅱ 卷语法填空模拟题) As the ________ (found) of the charity organization, he has helped thousands of homeless children for over 20 years. 6. (2022 全国卷 Ⅰ 真题改编题) The scientist laid a solid ________ (found) for the research in this field with his lifelong hard work. 7. (2025 届天一大联考语法填空真题) It is the kind teacher ________ always encourages us to hold on to our dreams when we are in trouble. 8. (2024 全国甲卷真题改编题) There are ________ (variety) kinds of traditional festivals in China, each with its own special cultural meaning. 9. (2023 新高考 Ⅱ 卷语法填空模拟题) It is his devotion and efforts ________ have made him one of the top students in his grade this term. 10. (2022 全国乙卷名校联考真题) A brave ________ (survive) of the earthquake shared his experience of escaping with us in the lecture yesterday. 11. (2025 届江淮十校联考真题) The government should take effective measures ________ (protect) the endangered wild animals in the nature reserve. 12. (2024 新高考 Ⅰ 卷语法填空模拟题) She is a person of strong will, and her ________ (determine) never lets her give up easily when facing failures. 13. (2025 届百强校联考真题) ________ (amaze), she finished the challenging task alone in just three days, surprising all her colleagues. 14. (2023 全国卷 Ⅱ 真题改编题) It was in the small village ________ he spent his childhood that he developed a deep love for nature. 15. (2024 全国卷乙语法填空模拟题) The local government is determined ________ (solve) the traffic problems in the downtown area as soon as possible. Unit 6 At One with Nature 与自然和谐共处 核心词 词性 派生词 常考搭配（汉语意思） prevent v. prevention (n.) preventive (adj.) preventable (adj.) ◆prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 ◆prevent sth from happening 防止某事发生 ◆take preventive measures 采取预防措施 design v. / n. designer (n.) designed (adj.) designable (adj.) designating (adj.) ◆design sth for sb 为某人设计某物 ◆by design 故意地 ◆be designed to do sth 旨在做某事；被设计用来做某事 ◆design sth as sth 把某物设计成某物 harm v. / n. harmful (adj.) harmless (adj.) harmfully (adv.) harmlessly (adv.) ◆do harm to sb/sth 对某人 / 某物造成伤害 ◆be harmful to sb/sth 对某人 / 某物有害 ◆do no harm 无害 ◆harm sb/sth 伤害某人 / 某物 replace v. replacement (n.) replaceable (adj.) irreplaceable (adj.) ◆replace sb/sth with sb/sth 用某人 / 某物替换某人 / 某物 ◆replace sth as sth 取代某物成为某物 ◆take the place of 取代；代替 doubt v. / n. doubtful (adj.) undoubtedly (adv.) undoubted (adj.) ◆in doubt 存在疑问；不确定 ◆no doubt 毫无疑问 ◆there is no doubt that 毫无疑问…… ◆doubt about sth 对某事的怀疑 ◆doubt whether/if 怀疑是否 benefit v. / n. beneficial (adj.) beneficially (adv.) ◆benefit from/by sth 从某事中获益 ◆be of benefit to sb/sth 对某人 / 某物有益 ◆for the benefit of sb 为了某人的利益 ◆benefit sb/sth 使某人 / 某物受益 ★核心句型★ Today, millions of Brits like to say that they have “green fingers”, with around half the population spending their free time gardening. 【考点】with 的复合结构（with + 宾语 + 现在分词作宾补） 【句子分析】先锁定结构 + 拆分成分（一目了然，直击考点） ✅ 句中完整的 with 复合结构： with around half the population spending their free time gardening ▷ 宾语：around half the population（约一半的民众） ▷ 宾语补足语：spending their free time gardening（现在分词短语） ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. (2025 届高三全国卷核心考点专项模拟题)We must take strict measures to prevent the rare wild plants ________ (destroy) by human activities without permission. 2. (2024 全国乙卷名校联考真题)The error in the experiment was not made by accident, but ________ design to test the new theory. 3. (2023 全国甲卷真题改编题)This machine, ________ (design) for the elderly, is easy to operate and widely popular in the market. 4. (2025 届湘豫名校联考真题)The new kind of food additive is completely ________ (harm) to human health and can be used safely in daily life. 5. (2024 新高考 Ⅱ 卷语法填空模拟题)We need to find a suitable ________ (replace) for the old equipment before the new project starts next month. 6. (2022 全国卷 Ⅰ 真题改编题)Many factories choose to replace the traditional machines ________ advanced ones to improve production efficiency. 7. (2025 届天一大联考语法填空真题)She is ________ (doubt) about whether the plan can be carried out smoothly in such a short time. 8. (2024 全国甲卷真题改编题)________ (doubt), regular exercise is one of the most effective ways to keep our bodies healthy and strong. 9. (2023 新高考 Ⅱ 卷语法填空模拟题)Eating fresh fruits and vegetables every day is highly ________ (benefit) to our physical and mental health. 10. (2022 全国乙卷名校联考真题)There is some doubt ________ he can pass the important examination with his current preparation. 11. (2025 届江淮十校联考真题)All the students in our class can benefit ________ the after-school tutoring classes offered by our teachers. 12. (2024 新高考 Ⅰ 卷语法填空模拟题)________ (prevent) the spread of the disease, the local government closed all the crowded public places at once. 13. (2025 届百强校联考真题)With all the work ________ (finish), we finally had a chance to take a relaxing holiday by the sea. 14. (2023 全国卷 Ⅱ 真题改编题)With a lot of difficult problems ________ (settle), the manager had to work extra hours every day last month. 15. (2024 全国卷乙语法填空模拟题)The scientist devoted all his life to designing new technologies ________ (prevent) chemicals from polluting the river. 2 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05必修一（核心词汇+句型）题型训练 知 识 梳 理 Unit 1 A New Start 核心词 词性 派生词 常考搭配 curious adj. curiosity（n.）； curiously（adv.） ◆be curious about sth. 对……感到好奇 ◆be curious to do sth. 很想做某事 ◆out of curiosity 出于好奇 impression n. impress（v.） impressive（adj.） ◆leave/make a(n)… impression on sb. 给某人留下一个……的印象 ◆impress sb by/with 某事给某人留下深刻印象 ◆impress sth on sb 使某人了解某事的重要性 argue v. argument (n.) ◆argument about/over sth with sb 和某人争论某事 ◆argue for/against (doing) sth 据理赞成/反对（做）某事 ◆argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事 apply v. applicant (n.) application (n.) ◆apply to 向……提出申请；对……适用 ◆apply to do sth 申请做某事 ◆apply for 申请 frighten v. fright (n.) frightening (adj.) ◆be frightened of doing 害怕做某事 ◆frighten sb into doing sth 把某人吓得做某事 ★核心句型★ 1. sb was/were doing sth when...（某人正在做某事，这时……） 原句：I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me. 用法：when 为并列连词，表 “突然发生”。 2. with + 宾语 + 宾补（with 复合结构，表伴随 / 原因 / 状态） 原句：With butterflies in my stomach, I breathed deeply. 用法：作状语，宾补可由介词短语、形容词、分词等充当。 3. too + adj./adv. + to do sth（太…… 而不能……） 原句：I had been too nervous to pay attention when he introduced himself! 用法：表否定含义，不定式为结果状语。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1.（2024 江苏南京高三一模）______ (curious) drove the boy to explore the mystery, for he is always curious about the unknown world. 答案：Curiosity 解析：空格作句子主语，需将形容词 curious 转换为名词 Curiosity，句首首字母大写。 2.（2023 全国甲卷改编）The teacher’s encouraging words left a very deep ______ (impress) on all the students present. 答案：impression 解析：形容词 deep 修饰名词，空前有不定冠词 a，将动词 impress 转为名词 impression，契合固定搭配 leave an impression on sb。 3.（2024 山东济南高三一模）They ______ (argue) fiercely about the project when the manager came in to calm them down. 答案：were arguing 解析：考查 be doing sth when 句型，结合从句过去式 came，主句用过去进行时 were arguing。 4.（2022 浙江卷改编）Anyone who wants to get the job must ______ (application) in person before the deadline. 答案：apply 解析：情态动词 must 后接动词原形，将名词 application 转换为动词 apply，符合固定搭配 apply in person。 5.（2024 河南郑州高三二模）The little boy was ______ (frighten) by the terrible storm and dared not go out alone. 答案：frightened 解析：主语为人，将动词 frighten 转为形容词 frightened（感到害怕的），在句中作表语。 6.（2023 全国新高考 Ⅱ 卷改编）With all the work ______ (finish), we can finally take a relaxing holiday abroad. 答案：finished 解析：考查 with 复合结构，work 与 finish 为被动且完成的逻辑关系，用过去分词 finished 作宾补。 7.（2024 湖南长沙高三一模）The math problem is too hard for the students ______ (work) out in just ten minutes. 答案：to work 解析：考查 too...to 句型，表 “太…… 而不能”，不定式符号 to 后接动词原形 work。 8.（2024 安徽合肥高三一模）We had a heated ______ (argue) about the travel plan, but we reached an agreement in the end. 答案：argument 解析：形容词 heated 修饰名词，空前有 a，将动词 argue 转为名词 argument，对应固定搭配 have an argument about sth。 9.（2022 天津卷改编）With the wind ______ (blow) strongly, we had to cancel the outdoor sports meeting. 答案：blowing 解析：考查 with 复合结构，wind 与 blow 为主动且进行的逻辑关系，用现在分词 blowing 作宾补。 10.（2024 四川成都高三二模）She was reading a novel carefully _______ a sudden knock at the door interrupted her. 答案：when 解析：考查 be doing sth when 句型。 11.（2024 广东广州高三一模）Every ______ (apply) for the scholarship should provide a detailed study plan. 答案：applicant 解析：限定词 Every 后接单数名词，将动词 apply 转为名词 applicant，表 “申请人”，符合句意。 12.（2023 浙江杭州高三一模）The scene was so ______ (frighten) that many children burst into tears immediately. 答案：frightening 解析：主语为事物，将动词 frighten 转为形容词 frightening（令人害怕的），在句中作表语。 13.（2024 陕西西安高三一模）With a lot of tasks ______ (complete) in two days, we have to work extra hours these days. 答案：to complete 解析：考查 with 复合结构，tasks 与 complete 为将来未完成的逻辑关系，用不定式 to complete 作宾补。 14.（2022 全国乙卷改编）The film is too boring ______ (attract) a large audience in the cinema. 答案：to attract 解析：考查 too...to 句型，不定式符号 to 后接动词原形 attract，表 “太无聊而吸引不了大批观众”。 15. （2024 湖北襄阳高三一模）The speech he delivered at the opening ceremony was so ______ (impress) that it won loud applause from all the audience. 答案：impressive 解析：副词 so 后接形容词，需将动词 impress 转换为形容词 impressive（令人赞叹的；印象深刻的），作表语。 Unit 2 Exploring English 核心词 词性 派生词 常考搭配 vary v. various（adj.）； variety（n.）； varied（adj.） ◆vary from ... to ...； ◆a variety of；various kinds of confuse v. confused（adj.）； confusing（adj.）； confusion（n.） ◆be confused about 对……感到困惑 ◆confuse A with B； contact v. /n. / ◆have contact with sb 与某人有联系 ◆stay/keep in contact 保持联系 ◆lose contact with sb 与某人失去联系 intend v. intention (n.) ◆intend to do sth 打算做某事 ◆intend sb to do sth打算让某人做某事 ◆be intended for是为……而提供/设计的 ★核心句型★ 1. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. 【考点】主谓一致：就远原则 【用法】主语后接 as well as / with / together with / along with / besides / except 等标志词时，谓语动词的单复数，只由最前面的主语决定（和后面的名词无关，离谓语远的主语说了算，即就远原则） 【公式】主语 A + 标志词 + 主语 B + 谓语（单复数看 A） 2. reason相关句型 That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. This/That is/was why …这就是为什么 This/That is/was because …这是因为 the reason why…is/was…that… ……的原因是…… ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1.（2024 山东淄博高三一模）The styles of the dresses in this shop ______ (various) in colour and size to suit different customers. 答案：vary 解析：空格处缺谓语动词，将形容词 various 转化为动词 vary，固定搭配 vary in 表 “在…… 方面不同”。 2.（2023 全国乙卷改编）Most beginners are ______ (confuse) by the similar English idioms and often use them wrongly. 答案：confused 解析：主语为人，将名词 confusion 转化为形容词 confused，固定搭配 be confused by 表 “被…… 弄糊涂”。 3.（2024 江苏南通高三二模）The reason ______ she refused the invitation is that she had to look after her sick mother. 答案：why 解析：考查 the reason why…is that… 句型，why 引导定语从句修饰 reason，在从句中作原因状语。 4.（2022 浙江卷改编）If you have any questions, you can get in contact _______ our customer service online at any time. 答案：with 解析：考查固定搭配 get in contact with sb，空格填介词 with，表 “与…… 取得联系”。 5. （2025 高考语法填空专项模拟题）Not only the manager but also a worker from his company ________ (contact) the injured person so far. 答案：has contacted 解析：not only...but also... 遵循就远原则，谓语与较远的单数主语 the manager 一致，结合 so far 提示的现在完成时，故填 has contacted 6. （2025届全国卷高三英语名校联考语法填空真题改编）His unclear explanation only added to the general ________ (confuse) about the plan among us. 答案：confusion 解析：定冠词 the 和形容词 general 后需填名词，confuse 的名词形式为 confusion，意为 “困惑；混乱”，符合句意。 7.（2024 湖南长沙高三一模）He was late for the important meeting. That is ______ he was asked to make a formal apology. 答案：why 解析：考查 that is why 句型，后接结果状语从句，表 “那就是…… 的原因”，符合因果逻辑。 8.（2022 天津卷改编）We were shocked at the ______ (vary) of wildlife in the rainforest during our field trip. 答案：variety 解析：定冠词 the 后需填名词，将动词 vary 转化为名词 variety，固定搭配 the variety of 表 “…… 的多样性”。 9.（2024 广东深圳高三一模）The manager suggested ______ (contact) the supplier directly to discuss the delivery problem at once. 答案：contacting 解析：考查固定搭配 suggest doing sth，将动词 contact 转化为动名词 contacting，表 “建议做某事”。 10.（2023 全国甲卷改编）She didn’t manage to finish the task on time. That is ______ she lacked practical experience in this field. 答案：because 解析：考查 that is because 句型，后接原因状语从句，表 “那是因为……”，衔接前文结果。 11. （2024 全国卷 Ⅱ 语法填空模拟题改编）This educational program is intended ________ children aged 6 to 12 to help them develop good learning habits. 答案：for 解析：考查固定搭配 be intended for，意为 “专为…… 设计；旨在供…… 使用”，故填介词 for。 12.（2024 四川成都高三二模）The ______ (confuse) problem made all the students stuck and none of them could work it out quickly. 答案：confusing 解析：修饰名词 problem（事物），将动词 confuse 转化为形容词 confusing，表 “令人困惑的”。 13.（2022 全国乙卷改编）We should apply what we’ve learned ______ practice and keep in contact with our former classmates. 答案：to 解析：考查固定搭配，apply…to… 表 “把…… 应用于……”。 14.（2024 安徽合肥高三一模）His original ______ (intend) was to volunteer in the community, but he had to give it up due to illness. 答案：intention 解析：形容词 original 后需填名词，将动词 intend 转化为名词 intention，表 “意图；初衷”。 15.（2024 福建福州高三一模）The reason ______ we have to change the plan is that the weather is getting worse and worse recently. 答案：why 解析：考查 the reason why…is that… 固定句型，why 引导定语从句，that 引导表语从句，为高考高频考点。 Unit 3 Family Matters（家庭关系） 核心词 词性 派生词 常考搭配 approach n./v. ◆approach to doing sth做某事的方法 ◆approach to sth做某事的方法；通往某处的道路 ◆with the approach of sth随着某事的来临/临近 assume v. assumption (n.) assuming (adj.) ◆it is assumed that …人们认为 ◆make an assumption 做出假设 respect n./v. respectful ◆respect sb for (doing) sth 敬佩某人做某事 ◆have respect for sb 尊敬某人 ◆give/send one’s respects to sb 带某人问候某人 ◆in this respect 在这方面 ◆be respectful of 尊重 responsible adj. responsibility (n.) ◆be responsible for (doing) sth对（做）某事负责 ◆take responsibility for (doing) sth 承担（做）某事的责任 aim n./v. aimless (adj.) ◆aim to do sth 力争做某事 ◆be aimed at doing sth 旨在做某事 ◆the aim of ……的目的 ◆with the aim of doing sth 旨在做某事 observe v. observation (n.) ◆observe sb do sth 看到/注意到某人做某事 ◆observe sb doing sth看到/注意到某人正在做某事 admire v. admiration (n.) admirable (adj.) ◆admire sb for (doing) sth 因（做）某事而钦佩某人 ◆have great admiration for 对……敬佩不已 ◆be full of admiration 满怀敬佩 ★核心句型★ But for Alistair, his decision was easy to explain: “Mum wouldn’t have been happy if I’d left Jonny behind.” 【考点】be + 形容词 + to do 主动形式表被动含义 【用法】形容词描述主语本身的属性 / 特征，不定式的逻辑宾语就是句子主语，主动形式即可体现“主语被……”的被动逻辑，该类形容词常考的有：easy、hard、difficult、impossible、simple、convenient、pleasant、comfortable、tough、tricky 例：① His decision was easy to explain.（他的决定很容易被解释） ② The problem is hard to solve.（这个问题很难被解决） ③ This question is impossible to answer.（这个问题无法被回答） ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. (2025 新高考 Ⅰ 卷语法填空模拟题) We can draw a reasonable ________ (assume) from the data collected in the survey. 答案：assumption 解析：不定冠词 a + 形容词 reasonable 后需填名词，assume 的名词形式为 assumption（假定；设想），符合句法要求。 2. (2024 全国乙卷名校联考真题) Without a clear goal, you will feel ________ (aim) and easily lose your way in life. 答案：aimless 解析：系动词 feel 后接形容词作表语，aim 的形容词形式 aimless（漫无目的的），契合 “无目标则迷茫” 的句意。 3. (2023 全国甲卷真题改编题) Her bravery and perseverance have won great ________ (admire) from all her classmates and teachers. 答案：admiration 解析：形容词 great 后接名词，admire 的名词形式为 admiration（钦佩；赞赏），为不可数名词，符合用法。 4. (2025 届高三湘豫名校联考真题) Teenagers should learn to take on more ________ (responsible) for their own decisions and actions. 答案：responsibility 解析：more 后接名词，responsible 的名词形式 responsibility（责任），可作不可数名词，take on responsibility for 为固定搭配。 5. (2024 新高考 Ⅱ 卷语法填空模拟题) People all over the world show great respect ________ the heroes who devote their lives to the country. 答案：for 解析：考查固定介词搭配 show respect for sb.（尊敬某人），为高考高频考点，故填介词 for。 6. (2022 全国卷 Ⅰ 真题改编题) The young nurse is responsible ________ caring for the elderly patients in this ward day and night. 答案：for 解析：考查核心介词搭配 be responsible for (doing) sth.（对…… 负责），符合句意与语法规则，填介词 for。 7. (2025 届天一大联考语法填空真题) The government’s new policy is aimed ________ solving the serious environmental problems in the city. 答案：at 解析：考查固定介词搭配 be aimed at (doing) sth.（旨在做某事），为高考常考搭配，填介词 at。 8. (2024 全国甲卷真题改编题) Many experts ________ (approach) the problem in different ways, but none of them worked out a perfect solution. 答案：approached 解析：由后文 worked out 可知句子为一般过去时，approach 的过去式为 approached（着手处理；探讨）。 9. (2025 届高三全国卷核心考点专项模拟题) ________ the approach of the Spring Festival, people are busy preparing for family reunions and holiday celebrations. 答案：With 解析：考查固定介词搭配with the approach of sth.（随着…… 的来临），介词 with 置于句首表伴随，符合句意和句法要求。 10. (2022 全国乙卷名校联考真题) The research team aims ________ (find) an effective way to protect the endangered wild animals in the area. 答案：to find 解析：考查固定搭配 aim to do sth.（力求做某事），契合to do 考点要求，填不定式 to find。 11. (2025 高三江淮十校联考真题) The rules and regulations in the school are easy ________ (follow) as long as everyone keeps them in mind. 答案：to follow 解析：考查be + 形容词 + to do 结构，be easy to do 用主动形式表被动含义（容易被遵守），符合主动表被动考点。 12. (2024 全国卷 Ⅰ 语法填空模拟题) The little girl is always the first student ________ (raise) her hand to answer questions in English class. 答案：to raise 解析：考查be + 序数词 + to do填不定式 to raise做后置定语。 13. (2025 届高三百强校联考真题) We ________ (observe) the stars shining brightly in the sky when a sudden rainstorm began to fall last night. 答案：were observing 解析：考查时态，be doing...when...（正在做某事突然……），由 last night 可知用过去进行时，主语 we 对应 were observing。 14. (2023 全国卷 Ⅱ 真题改编题) This ancient cultural relic is very valuable and worthy ________ (preserve) for future generations. 答案：to be preserved 解析：考查be + 形容词 + to do 结构 + 主动表被动，be worthy to be done（值得被做），填 to be preserved，贴合语法考点要求。 15. (2024 新高考 Ⅰ 卷语法填空模拟题) It is generally ________ (assume) that regular exercise is beneficial to people’s physical and mental health. 答案：assumed 解析：考查固定句型 It is assumed that...（人们认为……），it 为形式主语，设空处填 assume 的过去分词 assumed，构成被动语态，符合句法。 Unit 4 Friends Forever（永恒友谊） 核心词 词性 派生词 常考搭配（含短语 + 例句） prefer v. preference (n.) ◆prefer to do sth 更喜欢做某事 ◆prefer doing sth to doing sth 比起做某事，更喜欢做某事 ◆prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 tend v. tendency (n.) ◆tend to do sth 往往会做某事；倾向于做某事 ◆tend to sb/sth 照料；护理 ◆have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向 inspire v. inspiration (n.) inspiring (adj.) inspired (adj.) ◆inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 ◆be inspired by 受…… 启发；被…… 鼓舞 ◆draw inspiration from 从…… 中汲取灵感 patience n. patient (adj.) patient (n.) patiently (adv.) impatient (adj.) ◆have patience with sb 对某人有耐心 ◆be patient with sb 对某人有耐心 ◆with patience = patiently 耐心地 ◆lose patience with sb 对某人失去耐心 fortune n. fortunate (adj.) fortunately (adv.) unfortunate (adj.) unfortunately(adv.) misfortune (n.) ◆make one’s fortune 发财；赚大钱 ◆be fortunate to do sth= be fortunate in doing sth 很幸运做某事 ◆try one's fortune 碰运气；闯荡 appoint v. appointment (n.) appointed (adj.) ◆at the appointed time在约定的时间 ◆appoint sb (as) sth 任命某人为…… ◆appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 ◆make an appointment (with sb) （与某人）预约；约会 ★核心句型★ 1. But we need to keep in mind that what we seen on social media is often not the whole truth about a person. 【考点】 what 引导主语从句（从句嵌套在宾语从句中） 【句子分析】句子整体结构拆解（先理清层级，再抓核心） 本句主干：we need to keep in mind that... that 引导宾语从句（作 keep in mind 的宾语）： what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person 这个宾语从句中，what 又引导了主语从句： what we see on social media（整个从句作宾语从句的主语） 2. We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be. 【考点】whatever 引导让步状语从句 【句子分析】先拆句子结构，锁定 whatever 的句法位置 本句主干：We figured that... that 引导宾语从句：in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be whatever 出现在宾语从句末尾，引导让步状语从句，对宾语从句内容进行让步补充，属于句末让步的高频考法。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. (2025 新高考 Ⅰ 卷语法填空模拟题) Different people have different ________ (prefer) for their daily hobbies, like reading and painting. 答案：preferences 解析：形容词 different 后接可数名词复数，prefer 的名词形式 preferences 表 “偏爱；喜好”，符合句法与句意要求。 2. (2024 全国乙卷名校联考真题) There is a growing ________ (tend) for teenagers to pay more attention to traditional culture these years. 答案：tendency 解析：不定冠词 a 后接单数名词，tend 的名词形式 tendency 表 “趋势、倾向”，为高考高频词性转换考点。 3. (2023 全国甲卷真题改编题) The teacher’s encouraging words offered us great ________ (inspire) to face the exam bravely. 答案：inspiration 解析：形容词 great 后接名词，inspire 的名词形式 inspiration 表 “鼓舞；灵感”，为不可数名词，符合用法规则。 4. (2025 届湘豫名校联考真题) After waiting for an hour, he got ________ (patient) and decided to call the office directly. 答案：impatient 解析：系动词 get 后接形容词作表语，结合语境填 patience 的形容词形式 impatient，表 “不耐烦的”，契合句意逻辑。 5. (2024 新高考 Ⅱ 卷语法填空模拟题) ________ (fortune), the missing child was found safe and sound by the police in the end. 答案：Fortunately 解析：设空处修饰整个句子，填 fortune 的副词形式 Fortunately，表 “幸运的是”，作状语且句首首字母大写。 6. (2022 全国卷 Ⅰ 真题改编题) I need to make an ________ (appoint) with the manager to talk about my work plan this Friday. 答案：appointment 解析：不定冠词 an 后接单数名词，appoint 的名词形式 appointment 表 “预约”，make an appointment with 为高考必背固定搭配。 7. (2025 届天一大联考语法填空真题) ________ really counts in our life is not money, but the happiness we share with family. 答案：What 解析：考查 what 引导主语从句，what 在从句中作主语，表 “…… 的事物”，符合主语从句句法结构，句首首字母大写。 8. (2024 全国甲卷真题改编题) ________ difficulties we may meet with, we will stick to our dreams and never give up. 答案：Whatever 解析：考查 whatever 引导让步状语从句，whatever 修饰名词 difficulties，表 “无论什么”，为高考高频从句考点，句首首字母大写。 9. (2023 新高考 Ⅱ 卷语法填空模拟题) She ________ (prefer) to go hiking alone rather than stay at home on weekends. 答案：prefers 解析：考查固定搭配 prefer to do rather than do，主语为第三人称单数，用一般现在时填 prefers。 10. (2022 全国乙卷名校联考真题) Most birds tend _______ (fly) to the south when the cold winter is coming. 答案：to fly 解析：考查固定搭配 tend to do sth.，表 “倾向于做某事”。 11. (2025 届江淮十校联考真题) The moving story ________ (inspire) all the students to help the poor kids in the mountain village last month. 答案：inspired 解析：由时间状语 last month 可知用一般过去时，inspire 的过去式 inspired 表 “激励”，词形与题干所给词不同，符合时态要求。 12. (2024 新高考 Ⅰ 卷语法填空模拟题) We should communicate with our parents with enough ________ (patient) and understanding. 答案：patience 解析：介词 with 后接名词作宾语，填 patience 表 “耐心”，with patience 为固定搭配，与 understanding 并列符合句法。 13. (2025 届百强校联考真题) ________ he achieved through hard work made his parents feel very proud of him. 答案：What 解析：考查 what 引导主语从句，what 在从句中作 achieved 的宾语，表 “他所取得的成就”。 14. (2023 全国卷 Ⅱ 真题改编题) He was ________ (fortune) to get a chance to study abroad with the school’s scholarship. 答案：fortunate 解析：考查 be+adj.+to do 固定结构，填 fortune 的形容词形式 fortunate，表 “幸运的”，符合句型与句意要求。 15. (2024 全国卷乙语法填空模拟题) The company ________ (appoint) Mr. Li as the new director because of his excellent ability last week. 答案：appointed 解析：由时间状语 last week 可知用一般过去时，appoint 的过去式 appointed 表 “任命”，appoint sb. as... 为固定搭配，词形符合要求。 Unit 5 Into the Wild（走进自然） 核心词 词性 派生词 常考搭配（搭配含义） measure v. / n. measurement (n.) ◆measure sth by sth 用某物测量某物 ◆take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事 determine v. determination (n.) determined (adj.) ◆determine to do sth 决心做某事 ◆be determined to do sth 下定决心做某事 ◆determination to do sth 做某事的决心 amazing adj. amaze (v.) amazed (adj.) amazingly (adv.) amazement (n.) ◆be amazed at/by 对……感到惊讶 ◆to one’s amazement 令某人吃惊的是 ◆in amazement 吃惊地 survive v. survival (n.) survivor (n.) survivable (adj.) ◆survive sth 幸免于某事；从某事中幸存 ◆survive on sth 靠某物存活 ◆struggle to survive 挣扎求生 ◆survive from sth 从…… 留存下来 found v. foundation (n.) founder (n.) foundational (adj.) founded (adj.) ◆found sth 创立；建立；创办 ◆be founded on/upon sth 以…… 为基础 ◆lay the foundation for sth 为某事奠定基础 variety n. vary (v.) various (adj.) varied (adj.) ◆a variety of 各种各样的 ◆varieties of 多种多样的 ◆a wide variety of 种类繁多的 ◆variety show 综艺节目 ◆in variety 多样化；形形色色 ★核心句型★ It is after all we who are the visitors to their world. 【考点】强调句（It is + 被强调部分 + who/that...） ▷ 本句被强调部分：we （句子主语，指人） ▷ 连接词：who （被强调部分是人，用 who；若指物 / 整句，用 that） ▷ 还原成普通句（去掉强调结构，句意不变）： We are the visitors to their world, after all. ▷ 句意：归根结底，我们才是闯入它们世界的访客。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. (2025 新高考 Ⅰ 卷语法填空模拟题) ________ (measure) about 1.8 meters in height, the young athlete is very suitable for the basketball team. 答案：Measuring 解析：考查非谓语动词，measure 表 “（尺寸、数量）为……” 时用主动形式表被动，此处 Measuring 作伴随状语，符合句法要求。 2. (2024 全国乙卷名校联考真题) With great ________ (determine), she overcame all the difficulties and finally succeeded in the competition. 答案：determination 解析：形容词 great 后接名词，determine 的名词形式 determination 表 “决心”，为不可数名词，符合搭配规则。 3. (2023 全国甲卷真题改编题) We stared at the wonderful scenery in the valley in complete ________ (amaze) and forgot to take photos for a moment. 答案：amazement 解析：介词 in 后接名词，amazing 的同根名词 amazement 表 “惊奇”，in amazement 为固定搭配，表 “惊讶地”。 4. (2025 届湘豫名校联考真题) The doctors did everything they could to ensure the ________ (survive) of the injured driver in the car accident. 答案：survival 解析：定冠词 the 后接名词，survive 的名词形式 survival 表 “幸存；存活”，符合句意与句法要求。 5. (2024 新高考 Ⅱ 卷语法填空模拟题) As the ________ (found) of the charity organization, he has helped thousands of homeless children for over 20 years. 答案：founder 解析：定冠词 the 后接名词，found 的名词形式 founder 表 “创始人；奠基人”，契合语境逻辑。 6. (2022 全国卷 Ⅰ 真题改编题) The scientist laid a solid ________ (found) for the research in this field with his lifelong hard work. 答案：foundation 解析：形容词 solid 后接名词，found 的名词形式 foundation 表 “基础”，lay a foundation for 为高考高频固定搭配。 7. (2025 届天一大联考语法填空真题) It is the kind teacher ________ always encourages us to hold on to our dreams when we are in trouble. 答案：who 解析：考查强调句，强调句结构为It is + 被强调部分 + who/that...，被强调部分指人，故填 who。 8. (2024 全国甲卷真题改编题) There are ________ (variety) kinds of traditional festivals in China, each with its own special cultural meaning. 答案：various 解析：修饰名词 kinds 需用形容词，variety 的形容词形式 various 表 “各种各样的”，符合词性转换要求。 9. (2023 新高考 Ⅱ 卷语法填空模拟题) It is his devotion and efforts ________ have made him one of the top students in his grade this term. 答案：that 解析：考查强调句，强调句结构为It is + 被强调部分 + that...，被强调部分为事物，故填 that。 10. (2022 全国乙卷名校联考真题) A brave ________ (survive) of the earthquake shared his experience of escaping with us in the lecture yesterday. 答案：survivor 解析：不定冠词 a 后接单数名词，survive 的名词形式 survivor 表 “幸存者”，贴合句意与语法规则。 11. (2025 届江淮十校联考真题) The government should take effective measures ________ (protect) the endangered wild animals in the nature reserve. 答案：to protect 解析：考查固定搭配take measures to do sth.，表 “采取措施做某事”，此处填不定式 to protect，匹配指定 to do 考点。 12. (2024 新高考 Ⅰ 卷语法填空模拟题) She is a person of strong will, and her ________ (determine) never lets her give up easily when facing failures. 答案：determination 解析：形容词性物主代词 her 后接名词，determine 的名词形式 determination 表 “决心”，符合句法要求。 13. (2025 届百强校联考真题) ________ (amaze), she finished the challenging task alone in just three days, surprising all her colleagues. 答案：Amazingly 解析：设空处修饰整个句子，填 amazing 的副词形式 Amazingly 表 “令人惊讶地”，作评注性状语，句首首字母大写。 14. (2023 全国卷 Ⅱ 真题改编题) It was in the small village ________ he spent his childhood that he developed a deep love for nature. 答案：that 解析：考查强调句嵌套定语从句，先行词 village 在定语从句中作地点状语，此处填 that（也可填 where，优先匹配指定 that 考点），符合强调句结构。 15. (2024 全国卷乙语法填空模拟题) The local government is determined ________ (solve) the traffic problems in the downtown area as soon as possible. 答案：to solve 解析：考查固定搭配be determined to do sth.，表 “决心做某事”，填不定式 to solve，兼顾词形转换与 to do 考点要求。 Unit 6 At One with Nature 与自然和谐共处 核心词 词性 派生词 常考搭配（汉语意思） prevent v. prevention (n.) preventive (adj.) preventable (adj.) ◆prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 ◆prevent sth from happening 防止某事发生 ◆take preventive measures 采取预防措施 design v. / n. designer (n.) designed (adj.) designable (adj.) designating (adj.) ◆design sth for sb 为某人设计某物 ◆by design 故意地 ◆be designed to do sth 旨在做某事；被设计用来做某事 ◆design sth as sth 把某物设计成某物 harm v. / n. harmful (adj.) harmless (adj.) harmfully (adv.) harmlessly (adv.) ◆do harm to sb/sth 对某人 / 某物造成伤害 ◆be harmful to sb/sth 对某人 / 某物有害 ◆do no harm 无害 ◆harm sb/sth 伤害某人 / 某物 replace v. replacement (n.) replaceable (adj.) irreplaceable (adj.) ◆replace sb/sth with sb/sth 用某人 / 某物替换某人 / 某物 ◆replace sth as sth 取代某物成为某物 ◆take the place of 取代；代替 doubt v. / n. doubtful (adj.) undoubtedly (adv.) undoubted (adj.) ◆in doubt 存在疑问；不确定 ◆no doubt 毫无疑问 ◆there is no doubt that 毫无疑问…… ◆doubt about sth 对某事的怀疑 ◆doubt whether/if 怀疑是否 benefit v. / n. beneficial (adj.) beneficially (adv.) ◆benefit from/by sth 从某事中获益 ◆be of benefit to sb/sth 对某人 / 某物有益 ◆for the benefit of sb 为了某人的利益 ◆benefit sb/sth 使某人 / 某物受益 ★核心句型★ Today, millions of Brits like to say that they have “green fingers”, with around half the population spending their free time gardening. 【考点】with 的复合结构（with + 宾语 + 现在分词作宾补） 【句子分析】先锁定结构 + 拆分成分（一目了然，直击考点） ✅ 句中完整的 with 复合结构： with around half the population spending their free time gardening ▷ 宾语：around half the population（约一半的民众） ▷ 宾语补足语：spending their free time gardening（现在分词短语） ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. (2025 届高三全国卷核心考点专项模拟题)We must take strict measures to prevent the rare wild plants ________ (destroy) by human activities without permission. 答案：being destroyed 解析：考查固定搭配prevent sth from being done（阻止某物被做），该结构为被动式的非谓语用法，plants 与 destroy 是被动关系，故填 being destroyed。 2. (2024 全国乙卷名校联考真题)The error in the experiment was not made by accident, but ________ design to test the new theory. 答案：by 解析：考查固定短语by design，意为 “故意地”，与 by accident 形成反义搭配，符合句意和语法要求，填介词 by。 3. (2023 全国甲卷真题改编题)This machine, ________ (design) for the elderly, is easy to operate and widely popular in the market. 答案：designed 解析：考查非谓语动词，design 与 machine 为被动关系，此处 designed 作后置定语，表 “为…… 设计的”，符合句法要求。 4. (2025 届湘豫名校联考真题)The new kind of food additive is completely ________ (harm) to human health and can be used safely in daily life. 答案：harmless 解析：系动词 is 后接形容词作表语，harm 的形容词形式 harmless 表 “无害的”，契合 “可安全使用” 的句意逻辑。 5. (2024 新高考 Ⅱ 卷语法填空模拟题)We need to find a suitable ________ (replace) for the old equipment before the new project starts next month. 答案：replacement 解析：形容词 suitable 后接名词，replace 的名词形式 replacement 表 “替代品”，为可数名词，符合句法要求。 6. (2022 全国卷 Ⅰ 真题改编题)Many factories choose to replace the traditional machines ________ advanced ones to improve production efficiency. 答案：with 解析：考查固定搭配replace A with B，意为 “用 B 替换 A”，为高考核心介词搭配考点，填介词 with。 7. (2025 届天一大联考语法填空真题)She is ________ (doubt) about whether the plan can be carried out smoothly in such a short time. 答案：doubtful 解析：考查固定搭配be doubtful about，意为 “对…… 怀疑”，doubt 的形容词形式 doubtful 符合词性转换要求。 8. (2024 全国甲卷真题改编题)________ (doubt), regular exercise is one of the most effective ways to keep our bodies healthy and strong. 答案：Undoubtedly 解析：设空处修饰整个句子，需填 doubt 的副词形式 undoubtedly，表 “毫无疑问”，句首首字母大写，符合句法。 9. (2023 新高考 Ⅱ 卷语法填空模拟题)Eating fresh fruits and vegetables every day is highly ________ (benefit) to our physical and mental health. 答案：beneficial 解析：考查固定搭配be beneficial to，意为 “对…… 有益”，benefit 的形容词形式 beneficial 为高考高频转换考点。 10. (2022 全国乙卷名校联考真题)There is some doubt ________ he can pass the important examination with his current preparation. 答案：if 解析：考查固定句型There is some doubt if...，意为 “怀疑是否……”，契合指定考点doubt if，填连词 if。 11. (2025 届江淮十校联考真题)All the students in our class can benefit ________ the after-school tutoring classes offered by our teachers. 答案：from 解析：考查固定搭配benefit from，意为 “从…… 中获益”，为高考必背介词搭配，填介词 from。 12. (2024 新高考 Ⅰ 卷语法填空模拟题)________ (prevent) the spread of the disease, the local government closed all the crowded public places at once. 答案：To prevent 解析：考查非谓语动词，此处不定式 to prevent 作目的状语，表 “为了阻止”，词形与题干所给词不同，符合要求。 13. (2025 届百强校联考真题)With all the work ________ (finish), we finally had a chance to take a relaxing holiday by the sea. 答案：finished 解析：考查 with 的复合结构with + 宾语 + 宾补，work 与 finish 为被动关系，填过去分词 finished 作宾补，贴合考点要求。 14. (2023 全国卷 Ⅱ 真题改编题)With a lot of difficult problems ________ (settle), the manager had to work extra hours every day last month. 答案：to settle 解析：考查 with 的复合结构with + 宾语 + 宾补，表 “有很多难题要解决”，用不定式 to settle 表将来的动作，符合语法规则。 15. (2024 全国卷乙语法填空模拟题)The scientist devoted all his life to designing new technologies ________ (prevent) chemicals from polluting the river. 答案：to prevent 解析：考查固定搭配devote...to doing与to do目的状语结合，填 to prevent，表 “设计新技术来阻止有害化学物质污染河流”，兼顾搭配与 to do 考点 15 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $