专题03 必修一Unit 3 Getting along with others重难知识综合复习（寒假复习讲义）高一英语译林版

专题03 必修一 Unit 3 Getting along with others (必修一) （寒假复习讲与练） 考点聚焦: 关注核心考点，学考结合 重点速记: 词汇短语梳理，夯实基础 难点强化: 重点难点突破，能力提升 学以致用: 真题感知再现，助力高考 ----------------------------------------------- •‿• 单元知识回顾 •‿• ---------------------------------------------- 重点单词 awkward, original, medium, recover, respond, loss, judge, apologize, trick, ignore, suffer, misunderstand, contact, explode, generous, respect, measure, reflection, seek, escape, benefit, comfort, recognize, death, admire, thorough, company, crowd, efficient, quality, shallow, definitely 必备短语 on the rocks, out of one’s sight, make it, social media, at a loss, in the wrong, in any case, let go of, count on, eat away at, come between…and… , in person, high point, through thick and thin, in one’s opinion, get over, bring out, smooth out, be meant to do sth, take on, in full measure 疑难长句 1. When I was an awkward primary school student, she was the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me. （教材p30） 2. The high point of the story comes when Huck is faced with the decision of whether to hand Jim over to some slave catchers. （教材p35） 3. Generally speaking, close friendships have three "fruits": they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves.（教材p39） 阅读微技能 Similarities vs Differences (论坛里两封回信的异同) 语法与修辞 关系代词引导的定语从句 ❖ 重点单词 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 一、根据所给中文意义，写出英文单词。 1. adj. 笨拙的; 令人尬的; 难对付的 ______________ 2. adj. 起初的, 独创的; 原作的 ______________ 3. n. 传播信息的媒介(pl. media), 方法; 手段, 工具. adj. 中等的, 中号的 ______________ 4. ⅵ. 恢复健康; 恢复常态. vt. 全额收回; 寻回; 重新获得; 恢复, 重新控制 __________ 5. vi. & vt. 回答, 回应; 作出反应, 响应 ______________ 6. n. 失去, 丧失; 亏损; 去世; 损失 ______________ 7. vt. & vi. 评价, (尤指) 批评; 判断, 认为. n. 法官; 裁判员 ______________ 8. vi. 道歉, 谢罪 ______________ 9. adv. 肯定, 确实; 确切地 ______________ 10 vt. 欺骗,欺诈. n. 诡计,花招;戏法 ______________ 11. vt. 忽视,对…不予理会 ______________ 12. vi. 受苦,受折磨;变差. vt. 遭受,蒙受 ______________ 13. vt. & ⅵ. 误解,误会 ______________ 14. vt. & vi. 联系, 联络______________ 15. vi. (愤怒等感情) 爆发, 进发; 爆炸. vt. 使爆炸 ______________ 16. adj. 宽宏大量的, 仁慈的; 慷慨的 ______________ 17. vt. 尊重, 尊敬. n. 尊敬, 敬意, 重视 ______________ 18. vt. 估量, 判定, 测量. n. 措施; 衡量 ______________ 19. n. 沉思; 反射; 映像; 反映 ______________ 20. vi. 试图; 寻找; 争取. vt. 寻求; 寻找 ______________ 21. vi. & vt. 逃跑, 逃脱; 避开, 避免; 被遗忘. n. 逃离, 逃脱 ______________ 22. n. 优势, 益处, 成效. vt. 使受益. ⅵ. 得益于 ______________ 23. vt. 宽慰, 抚慰. n. 舒服; 安慰 ______________ 24. vt. 承认,意识到;认出,辨别出 ______________ 25. adj. 彻底的, 全面的；仔细的 ______________ 26. n. 陪伴, 作伴; 公司 ______________ 27. vt. 钦佩; 欣赏 ______________ 28. adj. 效率高的, 有功效的 ______________ 29. n. 品德, 素质; 质量; 特征. adj. 优质的, 高质量的 ______________ 30. adj. 肤浅的, 浅薄的, 浅的 ______________ 二、用以上所复习的单词，完成下列句子。 1. After dropping the birthday cake, there was an ________ silence before everyone laughed. 2. Her idea for the school play was so ________ that it won a creativity award. 3. The sweater wasn't large or small; it was a perfect ________ size. 4. It took her two weeks to fully ________ from the flu and return to school. 5. When the teacher asked a question, he was too shy to __. 6. The ________ of his favorite toy made the little boy cry for hours. 7. As a fair ________, she listened to both sides of the argument before deciding. 8. If I step on your foot carelessly, I will ________ to you immediately. 9. The magician performed a clever card ________ that amazed the audience. 10. If you ________ the warning signs, you might get into danger. 11. Many people ________ from headaches if they stare at screens for too long. 12. I'm afraid you ________ my meaning; I was actually trying to help you. 13. Please ________ me by email if you have any further questions. 14. The old boiler might ________ if the pressure gets too high. 15. She was ________ with her time, always volunteering to help others. 16. We should show ________ to our elders by listening to their advice. 17. We use a ruler to ________ the length of this table in centimeters. 18. He saw his own ________ in the calm surface of the lake. 19. Many students ________ help from their teachers when preparing for exams. 20. The prisoner managed to ________ from the castle through a secret tunnel. 21. Regular exercise will ________ your health in the long term. 22. Her kind words provided some ________ after my failure. 23. I could hardly ________ my cousin after ten years; he had changed so much. 24. I really ________ your courage to speak in front of such a large audience. 25. Before moving in, they gave the old house a ________ cleaning. 26. He works for a software ________ in the city center. 27. The new system is more _________ , saving both time and money. 28. This brand is famous for the high ________ of its products. 29. Don't be fooled by his ________ smile; he's actually thinking deeply. 30. After seeing the test results, he was ________ sure he would pass the course. 三、通过语境记单词：根据所给短文的中文翻译，用以上单词填空。注意时态语态的变化。 The Color of Kindness The __________ plan was an __________ __________ from the noisy __________. Leo, a boy who often felt __________, sought __________ in painting. He used a new __________, a set whose __________ he didn't __________ well. When his painting __________ in a messy __________ of colors, his friend Mia didn't __________ him. She offered a __________ smile, a __________ of her __________ for his effort. Leo was ready to __________ for the __________ of their afternoon. However, Mia's __________, which was kind and warm, made him __________ his __________ worry. He had __________ a small failure, not a death of his talent. This moment, which helped him __________ his confidence, became a __________ lesson. He learned to __________ progress by effort, a __________ that would __________ help him grow. In Mia's __________, he felt __________ and understood, no longer __________. He later __________ her to thank her, a person whom he truly valued. 善意的色彩 最初的计划，是高效地逃离喧闹的人群。里奥——一个常感笨拙的男孩——从绘画中寻求安慰。他尝试了一种新媒介，一套他没怎么判断好质量的颜料。当他的画作在一场混乱的色彩“爆炸”中变得一塌糊涂时，他的朋友米娅没有无视他。她报以慷慨的微笑，这映射出她对他努力的尊重。 里奥正准备为他们浪费的这个下午而道歉。然而，米娅那亲切而温暖的回应，让他意识到了自己肤浅的担忧。他只是经历了一次小小的失败，并非才华的死亡。这个帮他重拾信心的时刻，成了一堂深刻的课。他学会了用努力来衡量进步，这个益处必将助他成长。在米娅的陪伴下，他感到被欣赏、被理解，不再被误解。后来他联系了她以表感谢，她是他真正珍视的人。 四、词性转化练习 1．__________ vt. 钦佩；欣赏→__________ adj. 令人钦佩的→__________ n．钦佩；欣赏→__________ n．崇拜者，爱慕者 2．__________ vi. 道歉，谢罪→__________ n．道歉 3．__________ vt. 宽慰，抚慰 n．舒服；安慰→__________ adj. 舒服的 →__________ adj.不舒服的 4．__________ adj. 起初的； 独创的；原作的 n．原件，原稿→__________ n．起源→__________ adv. 最初→__________ v. 起源于 5．__________ n & v 盖子；覆盖 __________ vi.恢复健康；恢复常态 vt.全额收回；寻回；重新获得；恢复，重新控制→__________ n．恢复 6．__________ vt.& vi.评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为 n．法官；裁判员→__________ n．判断 7．__________ vt. 忽视，对……不予理会→__________ adj. 无知的→__________ n．无知 8．__________ vi. 受苦， 受折磨；变差 vt. 遭受，蒙受→__________ n．痛苦，苦难→__________ n．患者，受难者 9．__________ vi. 爆炸；(愤怒等感情) 爆发，迸发 vt. 使爆炸→__________ n．爆炸；爆发 10．__________ vt. 尊重，尊敬 n．尊敬，敬意；重视；方面→__________ adj. 表示敬意的；尊重的→__________ adj. 体面的；值得尊敬的 11．__________ adj. 效率高的，有功效的→__________ n．效率；效能 12．__________ n．沉思；反射；映像；反映→__________ v．反思；反射 13．__________ n．优势，益处，成效 vt.使受益 vi. 得益于→__________ adj. 有益的→__________n. 受益者 14．__________ n．失败；失败的人(或事)；未履行；故障→__________ vi.& vt. 失败；不及格 15．__________ vt. 承认，意识到；认出，辨别出→__________ n．认出；认可；承认 16．__________ n．死，死亡；死亡状态→__________ adj. 死的→__________ vi.死亡→__________ adj. 垂死的，气息奄奄的 五、词性转换巩固练习：用以上所复习的单词及其相关词性，完成以下句子。 1. His ________ for the hero's courage was obvious; he was a devoted ________ who found the hero's actions truly ________. (admire) 2. After he realized his mistake, he was quick to ________ to me, and his sincere ________ was accepted. (apologize) 3. The soft sofa brought her great ________, making her feel very ________; however, the hard chair was simply ________. (comfort) 4. The ________ of this ancient tradition can be traced back to a small village; it is believed to ________ from a local harvest festival and was ________ celebrated with simple ceremonies, though its ________ form has evolved over centuries. (original) 5. The book's ________ was torn, but we managed to ________ it, and after a quick ________, it looked almost new. (cover) 6. __________ from common sense, it is not fair to ________ someone based on appearance alone; making a ________ requires careful thought. (judge) 7. It is unwise to ________ the fact that his ________ of basic safety rules results from being ________ on the subject, not from a lack of care. (ignore) 8. Many ________ in the disaster continue to ________, and their ________ has drawn widespread attention. (suffer) 9. The old boiler might ________ if pressure builds up, causing a dangerous ________. (explode) 10. He is a ________ member of the community and always shows ________ behavior towards others, which earns him great ________. (respect) 11. The new system is highly ________, and its ________ has significantly improved our workflow (工作流程). (efficient) 12. Her quiet ________ on the problem helped her reach a solution, as she took time to ________ on all aspects. (reflection) 13. Regular exercise will ________ your health; it is ________ for your both body and mind, and you are the primary ________. (benefit) 14. He was afraid his plan would ________, but he knew that ________ was the mother of success. (fail) 15. It took him a moment to ________ his old friend, and the mutual (相互的) ________ brought them great joy. (recognize) 16. The ________ of the famous author brought great sadness; he was found ________ in his study, having just ________ from a long illness. His ________ wish was to finish his last novel. (die) ❖ 重点词组 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 一、根据所给中文意义，写出本单元所学词组。 1. (关系) 陷于困境, 濒临崩溃 ___________________________ 2. 脱离某人的视线 ___________________________ 3. 能够出席, 准时到达, 获得成功 ___________________________ 4. 社交媒体 ___________________________ 5. 不知所措, 困惑 ___________________________ 6. 有错, 应承担责任 ___________________________ 7. 无论如何,不管怎样 ___________________________ 8. 放弃, 摒弃; 松手, 放开 ___________________________ 9. 依赖, 依靠, 指望 ___________________________ 10. 腐蚀, 侵蚀, 逐渐破坏 ___________________________ 11. 损害……之间的关系, 离间 ___________________________ 12. 亲自, 亲身 ___________________________ 13. 最有意思 (或最令人愉快, 最好) 的部分 ___________________________ 14. 不顾艰难险阻, 同甘共苦 ___________________________ 15. 在某人看来 ___________________________ 16. 克服; 恢复常态 ___________________________ 17. 使显现, 使表现出 ___________________________ 18. 清除 (问题), 克服 (困难) ___________________________ 19. 注定要做某事, 应做某事 ___________________________ 20. 呈现, 具有, 雇佣 ___________________________ 21. 最大程度地, 最大限度地 _________________________ 二、通过语境记词组：根据所给短文的中文翻译，用以上词组填空。注意动词时态、语态等变化。 Seeing Eye to Eye Tom and his father rarely ______________________ homework. His father _________________ finishing it early, which ______________________ Tom. One evening, after Tom’s grades ______________________, his father urged him to ______________________ before relaxing. "______________________," his father said, "you should study more." Tom, ______________________, argued, but his father refused to _____________________. Finally, Tom’s mom ______________________ mediator. She asked them to ________________ ______________________ and ______________________. ______________________ Tom worked ______________________, and constant pressure ______________________ him. After _________________, they reached ______________________: Tom would ____________ ______________ setting deadlines, while his father would ____________________ and trust him more. This compromise ___________________ less tension, proving ______________________ forcing opinions. Together, they ______________________ understanding. 意见相合 汤姆和父亲很少在作业问题上达成一致。父亲总是唠叨着要他早点完成作业，这给汤姆带来了压力。一天晚上，汤姆的成绩突然提高后，父亲却劝他仔细考虑清楚再放松。"在我看来，"父亲说，"你应该多学习。" 汤姆压力很大，争辩了几句，但父亲不肯让步。最后，汤姆的妈妈扮演了调解人的角色。她让他们站在对方的角度想想，并各退一步。结果发现，汤姆的学习节奏和别人不同，而持续施压对他产生了负面影响。 冷静下来后，他们达成了一个奇怪的折中方案：汤姆不再主动参与制定截止时间，而父亲则会鼓励他并给予更多信任。这一妥协使得紧张关系缓解，证明强迫对方接受观点毫无意义。最终，他们从理解中收获了快乐。 ❖ 疑难长句 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. When I was an awkward primary school student, she was the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me. （教材p30） 【结构解析】 这是一个复合句——时间状语从句。 “When I was an awkward primary school student”（当我还是一个笨拙的小学生时）是时间状语从句，由从属连词“When”引导，说明主句发生的时间。主句为“she was the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me”（她是那个愿意和我做朋友的受欢迎的女孩）。主句为主系表结构（she/was/the popular girl），其中包含一个由“who”引导的定语从句（who...me），修饰先行词“girl”，补充说明她的特质。 【译文】 当我还是一个笨拙的小学生时，她已是那个愿意与我为友的受欢迎的女孩。 【仿写训练】请使用“When A was... , B was the ... who ...”的结构。 1) 当我还是一个胆小的新生时，她是那个主动带我熟悉校园的高年级学生。 2) 当我还是一位默默无闻的作者时，他是那位第一个认可我作品潜力的著名编辑。 2. The high point of the story comes when Huck is faced with the decision of whether to hand Jim over to some slave catchers. （教材p35） 【结构解析】 这是一个复合句。 “The high point of the story comes”（故事的高潮到来）为主句：其中“The high point of the story”是主语，“comes”是谓语。时间状语从句是“when Huck is faced with the decision of whether to hand Jim over to some slave catchers”（当哈克面临是否将吉姆交给奴隶追捕者的决定时）。该从句由“when”引导，说明主句动作发生的具体时刻。从句中又包含一个“whether to…”的动词不定式短语，作“decision”的同位语，具体说明决定的内容。 【译文】 故事的高潮出现在哈克面临抉择的时刻：是否要将吉姆交给那些追捕奴隶的人。 【仿写训练】请使用“The high point/关键时刻/转折点... comes when...”的结构。 1） 项目的转折点出现在团队面临是否要彻底改变设计方向的时刻。 2） 这部电影最紧张的时刻出现在Tom必须决定是否要背叛朋友以拯救自己的时候。 3. Generally speaking, close friendships have three "fruits": they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves.（教材p39） 【结构解析】 这是一个复合句：主句 “Generally speaking, close friendships have three 'fruits': ”（总的来说，亲密的友谊有三种“果实”：）；“Generally speaking”为评注性状语，表明说话人的评论角度。冒号引出对“three 'fruits'”的具体说明。宾语从句含三个并列谓语： a) “may comfort the heart”（它们可以抚慰心灵） b) “advise the head”（启迪头脑） c) “help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves”（帮助我们实现为自己设定的目标） 其中第三个中的“we set for ourselves”是省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰“the goals”。 【译文】 总的来说，亲密的友谊能结出三种“果实”：它们可以抚慰心灵，启迪头脑，并帮助我们实现为自己设定的目标。 【仿写训练】 请使用“Generally speaking, ... have/has three ...: they may ... , ... and ... ”的结构。 1） 总的来说，经常锻炼能带来三大好处：它可以强健体魄，改善情绪，并帮助我们延长健康寿命。 2） 总的来说，掌握一门外语能带来三个关键优势：它可以增加职业机会，促进跨文化理解，并帮助我们以新的视角看世界。 ❖ 语法讲与练 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 一、阅读短文，找出其中的定语从句，然后仿写。（复习关系代词） The original plan was an efficient escape from the noisy crowd. Leo, a boy who often felt awkward, sought comfort in painting. He used a new medium, a set whose quality he didn't judge well. When his painting exploded in a messy trick of colors, his friend Mia didn't ignore him. She offered a generous smile, a reflection of her respect for his effort. Leo was ready to apologize for the loss of their afternoon. However, Mia's response, which was kind and warm, made him recognize his shallow worry. He had suffered a small failure, not a death of his talent. This moment, which helped him recover his confidence, became a thorough lesson. He learned to measure progress by effort, a benefit that would definitely help him grow. In Mia's company, he felt admired and understood, no longer misunderstood. He later contacted her to thank her, a person whom he truly valued. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 【仿写练习】 以下是基于短文中定语从句设计的仿写练习。请将下列句子翻译成英文。 1. 李明，一个总是充满好奇心的男孩，发现了这个秘密。 2. 他住在一所老房子里，其屋顶需要修理。 3. 他的建议，既实用又创新，被团队采纳了。 4. 那次旅行，让我看到了世界的广阔，改变了我的人生观。 5. 她养成了每天阅读的习惯，这个习惯极大地丰富了她的思想。 6. 我们昨天遇到了王教授，一位我们非常敬重的学者。 ❖ 阅读微技能 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Similarities VS Differences——论坛里两封回信的异同 请再次仔细阅读Friendship on the rock: please advise! 这篇课文，思考以下问题：阅读中如何发现两封回信的similarities和differences？以及如何客观对待两种观点(advice)？ 1. What is the main difference between Cindy's and David's advice? A. Cindy urges forgiveness; David suggests breaking up immediately. B. Cindy values saving the friendship; David values making a personal choice. C. Cindy thinks an apology is needed; David thinks no apology matters. D. Cindy sees a simple solution; David sees an impossible problem. 2. How do Cindy and David differently view the purpose of talking with the friend? A. For listening and reconciling (和解) vs. for collecting information to decide. B. For online chatting vs. for face-to-face conversation. C. For a quick settlement vs. for a thorough investigation. D. For blaming the friend vs. for defending oneself. 3. What core belief do BOTH Cindy and David share about handling Amy's situation? A. Amy should end the friendship if her friend refuses to apologize. B. Amy must make the final decision based on her own feelings and values. C. The eight-year friendship is too long to give up under any circumstances. D. Social media is the root cause of the conflict and should be avoided. ❖ 技能实战 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A Princess Maria was kind, friendly, and very smart. Her sister, Princess Bella, was beautiful and popular. Since she was not very nice to Maria, they didn’t always get along well. As the Winter Wonder Ball approached, Maria realized that she didn’t have a ride to the ball. Her sister had a fancy sports car, but Maria knew she wouldn’t let her drive it. On the other hand, Bella didn’t have a gown (礼服) to wear, and she knew that Maria knew how to sew. In fact, she was making her own gown. Bella was too proud to wear a handmade dress, but all the fanciest stores had no dresses left. Bella had no choice but to ask her sister for help. Kind Maria agreed to make her sister’s dress. When she finished, Bella couldn’t believe how beautiful the gown was. Bella hugged her sister and thanked her. She apologized for not being very nice in the beginning, and she even drove Maria to the ball. Both sisters looked beautiful! They were the prettiest girls at the ball, and they had a wonderful time. Most importantly, they were glad that they learned to work together! 1. What did both sisters learn from their experience? A. It is important to look beautiful at a ball. B. The value of driving a fancy sports car. C. The importance of working together. D. How to sew a beautiful gown by hand. 2. What was the main problem each sister faced before the ball? A. Maria had no car; Bella had no dress. B. Maria was not smart; Bella was not kind. C. Maria couldn't sew; Bella couldn't drive. D. Maria was unpopular; Bella was not smart. 3. What can we infer about the sisters' relationship after the ball? A. They became competitive about who was prettier. B. They remained distant and did not get along. C. They likely improved their relationship and became closer. D. They decided to avoid attending events together in the future. B Harbor Seals and Gray Seals Seals are warm-blooded mammals that live near the sea. The animal we often think of as a seal is actually the seal’s cousin, the sea lion. Sea lions can move around on land much more easily than seals. They can be taught to catch a ball on their nose, and do other tricks. Seals don’t move around very easily on land. When they do spend time on land, they usually are watching over their newborn “pups.” But they spend most of their lives in the water. Seals can dive as deep as 1,000 feet, and can stay under water for over an hour. They can even sleep under water. The two types of seals most often found in the North Atlantic Ocean are the Gray Seal and the Harbor Seal. Gray Seals are found mostly along the North Atlantic coasts of Europe. Harbor Seals are found on those same European coasts, and also along the east and west coasts of North America. These two types of seals are about the same size, and look very similar, but they have some very different characteristics and behaviors. Harbor Seals have smaller faces than Gray Seals. They have a forehead, and a small triangular (三角形的) nose. Its face looks something like a kitten’s. Gray Seals have no forehead, and a large, wide nose. Harbor Seals’ faces look cute, and Gray Seals’ faces look rather dangerous. Strangely enough, this is how they behave. Gray Seals are often very aggressive (好斗的). If accidentally caught in fishing nets, they put up a fight. They have been known to attack porpoises (鼠海豚) and other large fish. But Harbor Seals feed mostly on small fish. They are very curious, and will often follow boats, to see what is going on. Once a Harbor Seal saved a dog’s life. The dog slipped and fell into a river just where the water rushes into the ocean. The dog was swept out to sea. A man who was out walking his own two dogs saw it happen, but there was nothing he could do to help. As he watched, a Harbor Seal started swimming around the dog, pushing it toward the shore. By the time rescuers got to the dog, there were three Harbor Seals floating up and down in the water just off shore, keeping an eye on the dog. Scientists say that Harbor Seals are protective by nature, and, unlike Gray Seals, are rarely aggressive. 1. Which of the following is TRUE about the difference between a seal and a sea lion? A. Sea lions are a type of seal. B. Seals can move more easily on land than sea lions. C. Sea lions can perform tricks while seals cannot. D. Seals spend most of their time on land watching over pups. 2. What ability do seals have according to the passage? A. They can dive as deep as 2,000 feet. B. They can stay under water for over two hours. C. They can even sleep under water. D. They are easier to train than sea lions. 3. Where can Gray Seals primarily be found? A. Along the east and west coasts of North America. B. Mostly along the North Atlantic coasts of Europe. C. In the rivers where freshwater meets the ocean. D. Worldwide in all oceans near coastal areas. 4. How did the Harbor Seal show its protective nature in the story? A. It attacked a porpoise that threatened the dog. B. It taught its pup how to swim toward the shore. C. It pushed a drowning dog toward the shore and kept watch. D. It followed a fishing boat out of curiosity. 5. What can we infer about the author's view on Harbor Seals compared to Gray Seals? A. The author believes Gray Seals are more intelligent. B. The author finds Harbor Seals more physically attractive. C. The author sees Harbor Seals as having a milder nature. D. The author thinks Gray Seals are better adapted to underwater life. 6. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To argue for the protection of seals from fishing nets. B. To describe the physical appearance and behaviors of two seal types. C. To tell an amazing story about a seal saving a dog's life. D. To explain why sea lions are more popular than seals in shows. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 必修一 Unit 3 Getting along with others (必修一) （寒假复习讲与练） 考点聚焦: 关注核心考点，学考结合 重点速记: 词汇短语梳理，夯实基础 难点强化: 重点难点突破，能力提升 学以致用: 真题感知再现，助力高考 ----------------------------------------------- •‿• 单元知识回顾 •‿• ---------------------------------------------- 重点单词 awkward, original, medium, recover, respond, loss, judge, apologize, trick, ignore, suffer, misunderstand, contact, explode, generous, respect, measure, reflection, seek, escape, benefit, comfort, recognize, death, admire, thorough, company, crowd, efficient, quality, shallow, definitely 必备短语 on the rocks, out of one’s sight, make it, social media, at a loss, in the wrong, in any case, let go of, count on, eat away at, come between…and… , in person, high point, through thick and thin, in one’s opinion, get over, bring out, smooth out, be meant to do sth, take on, in full measure 疑难长句 1. When I was an awkward primary school student, she was the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me. （教材p30） 2. The high point of the story comes when Huck is faced with the decision of whether to hand Jim over to some slave catchers. （教材p35） 3. Generally speaking, close friendships have three "fruits": they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves.（教材p39） 阅读微技能 Similarities vs Differences (论坛里两封回信的异同) 语法与修辞 关系代词引导的定语从句 ❖ 重点单词 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 一、根据所给中文意义，写出英文单词。 1. adj. 笨拙的; 令人尬的; 难对付的 awkward 2. adj. 起初的, 独创的; 原作的 original 3. n. 传播信息的媒介(pl. media), 方法; 手段, 工具. adj. 中等的, 中号的 medium 4. ⅵ. 恢复健康; 恢复常态. vt. 全额收回; 寻回; 重新获得; 恢复, 重新控制 recover 5. vi. & vt. 回答, 回应; 作出反应, 响应 respond 6. n. 失去, 丧失; 亏损; 去世; 损失 loss 7. vt. & vi. 评价, (尤指) 批评; 判断, 认为. n. 法官; 裁判员 judge 8. vi. 道歉, 谢罪 apologize 9. adv. 肯定, 确实; 确切地 definitely 10 vt. 欺骗,欺诈. n. 诡计,花招;戏法 trick 11. vt. 忽视,对…不予理会 ignore 12. vi. 受苦,受折磨;变差. vt. 遭受,蒙受 suffer 13. vt. & ⅵ. 误解,误会 misunderstand (misunderstood, misunderstood) 14. vt. & vi. 联系, 联络contact 15. vi. (愤怒等感情) 爆发, 进发; 爆炸. vt. 使爆炸 explode 16. adj. 宽宏大量的, 仁慈的; 慷慨的 generous 17. vt. 尊重, 尊敬. n. 尊敬, 敬意, 重视 respect 18. vt. 估量, 判定, 测量. n. 措施; 衡量 measure 19. n. 沉思; 反射; 映像; 反映 reflection 20. vi. 试图; 寻找; 争取. vt. 寻求; 寻找 seek (sought, sought) 21. vi. & vt. 逃跑, 逃脱; 避开, 避免; 被遗忘. n. 逃离, 逃脱 escape 22. n. 优势, 益处, 成效. vt. 使受益. ⅵ. 得益于 benefit 23. vt. 宽慰, 抚慰. n. 舒服; 安慰 comfort 24. vt. 承认,意识到;认出,辨别出 recognize 25. adj. 彻底的, 全面的；仔细的 thorough 26. n. 陪伴, 作伴; 公司 company 27. vt. 钦佩; 欣赏 admire 28. adj. 效率高的, 有功效的 efficient 29. n. 品德, 素质; 质量; 特征. adj. 优质的, 高质量的 quality 30. adj. 肤浅的, 浅薄的, 浅的 shallow 二、用以上所复习的单词，完成下列句子。 1. After dropping the birthday cake, there was an ________ silence before everyone laughed. 【答案】awkward 【详解】句意为“摔落生日蛋糕后，在大家笑之前有一阵______的沉默”。根据“dropping the cake”和“silence”的语境，表示令人尴尬、不自在的氛围，故填awkward。 2. Her idea for the school play was so ________ that it won a creativity award. 【答案】original 【详解】句意为“她为学校话剧想出的主意是如此______，以至于赢得了一个创意奖”。“won a creativity award”表明这个想法新颖、有原创性，故填original。 3. The sweater wasn't large or small; it was a perfect ________ size. 【答案】medium 【详解】句意为“这件毛衣不大也不小，是完美的______尺码”。根据“wasn't large or small”的提示，表示中间的、中等的尺码，故填medium。 4. It took her two weeks to fully ________ from the flu and return to school. 【答案】recover 【详解】句意为“她花了两个星期才完全______流感，返回学校”。从“from the flu”和“return to school”可知，需要填一个表示“康复、恢复”的动词，故填recover。 5. When the teacher asked a question, he was too shy to __. 【答案】respond 【详解】句意为“当老师提问时，他太害羞了，没有”。根据“asked a question”和“too shy”的语境，表示未能“回答、回应”，故填respond。 6. The ________ of his favorite toy made the little boy cry for hours. 【答案】loss 【详解】句意为“他心爱玩具的______让这个小男孩哭了几个小时”。玩具丢失或失去是哭泣的原因，故填loss。 7. As a fair ________, she listened to both sides of the argument before deciding. 【答案】judge 【详解】句意为“作为一名公正的________，她在决定前听取了争论双方的意见”。“listened to both sides”和“fair”表明身份是裁判或法官，故填judge。 8. If I step on your foot carelessly, I will ________ to you immediately. 【答案】apologize 【详解】句意为“如果我不小心踩到你的脚时，我会立刻向你_________”。根据“stepped on your foot”的语境，表示应该“道歉”，故填apologize。 9. The magician performed a clever card ________ that amazed the audience. 【答案】trick 【详解】句意为“魔术师表演了一个巧妙的纸牌______，让观众惊叹”。“magician”和“card”表明这是一个戏法、魔术，故填trick。 10. If you ________ the warning signs, you might get into danger. 【答案】ignore 【详解】句意为“如果你______警告标志，你可能会陷入危险”。根据“might get into danger”的提示，表示忽视、不理睬警告，故填ignore。 11. Many people ________ from headaches if they stare at screens for too long. 【答案】suffer 【详解】句意为“如果盯着屏幕太久，许多人会______头痛”。与“from headaches”搭配，表示遭受头痛之苦，故填suffer。 12. I'm afraid you ________ my meaning; I was actually trying to help you. 【答案】misunderstand 【详解】句意为“恐怕你______了我的意思；我其实是想帮你”。“I was actually trying to help”说明对方理解错了，故填misunderstand。 13. Please ________ me by email if you have any further questions. 【答案】contact 【详解】句意为“如果您有任何进一步的问题，请通过电子邮件______我”。“by email”表明是通过某种方式联系，故填contact。 14. The old boiler might ________ if the pressure gets too high. 【答案】explode 【详解】句意为“如果压力太高，这个旧锅炉可能会______”。压力过高可能导致爆炸，故填explode。 15. She was ________ with her time, always volunteering to help others. 【答案】generous 【详解】句意为“她对自己的时间很______，总是自愿帮助他人”。“always volunteering to help”表明她慷慨、大方，故填generous。 16. We should show ________ to our elders by listening to their advice. 【答案】respect 【详解】句意为“我们应该通过倾听长辈的建议来向他们表示______”。“listening to their advice”是尊敬的一种表现，故填respect。 17. We use a ruler to ________ the length of this table in centimeters. 【答案】measure 【详解】句意为“我们用尺子以厘米为单位来______这张桌子的长度”。“use a ruler”和“length”表明动作是测量，故填measure。 18. He saw his own ________ in the calm surface of the lake. 【答案】reflection 【详解】句意为“他在平静的湖面上看到了自己的______”。“surface of the lake”像镜子一样，可以映出影像，故填reflection。 19. Many students ________ help from their teachers when preparing for exams. 【答案】seek 【详解】句意为“许多学生在备考时会向老师______帮助”。“help from their teachers”表明是寻求、请求帮助，故填seek。 20. The prisoner managed to ________ from the castle through a secret tunnel. 【答案】escape 【详解】句意为“囚犯成功通过一条秘密隧道从城堡里______”。“prisoner”和“secret tunnel”表明是逃跑、逃脱，故填escape。 21. Regular exercise will ________ your health in the long term. 【答案】benefit 【详解】句意为“长期来看，定期锻炼将______你的健康”。锻炼对健康有益，故填benefit。 22. Her kind words provided some ________ after my failure. 【答案】comfort 【详解】句意为“在我失败后，她友善的话语给予了一些______”。“kind words”和“after my failure”表明是安慰、慰藉，故填comfort。 23. I could hardly ________ my cousin after ten years; he had changed so much. 【答案】recognize 【详解】句意为“十年后我几乎______我的堂兄了；他变化太大了”。“changed so much”导致难以认出，故填recognize。 24. I really ________ your courage to speak in front of such a large audience. 【答案】admire 【详解】句意为“我真的很______你在这么多观众面前发言的勇气”。“courage to speak”令人钦佩、赞赏，故填admire。 25. Before moving in, they gave the old house a ________ cleaning. 【答案】thorough 【详解】句意为“搬进去之前，他们给这所老房子进行了一次______的打扫”。搬家前的打扫通常是彻底、全面的，故填thorough。 26. He works for a software ________ in the city center. 【答案】company 【详解】句意为“他在市中心的一家软件______工作”。“works for”表明是为一家公司工作，故填company。 27. The new system is more _________ , saving both time and money. 【答案】efficient 【详解】句意为“新系统更，既省时又省钱”。“saving both time and money”表明是高效、有效率的，故填efficient。 28. This brand is famous for the high ________ of its products. 【答案】quality 【详解】句意为“这个品牌因其产品的高______而闻名”。“famous for”表明是其产品的品质、质量好，故填quality。 29. Don't be fooled by his ________ smile; he's actually thinking deeply. 【答案】shallow 【详解】句意为“不要被他______的笑容欺骗；他其实在深入思考”。与“thinking deeply”形成对比，表明笑容是肤浅、表面的，故填shallow。 30. After seeing the test results, he was ________ sure he would pass the course. 【答案】definitely 【详解】句意为“看到测试结果后，他______确信自己能通过这门课程”。“sure”需要副词修饰，表示十分肯定、绝对地，故填definitely。 三、通过语境记单词：根据所给短文的中文翻译，用以上单词填空。注意时态语态的变化。 The Color of Kindness The original plan was an efficient escape from the noisy crowd. Leo, a boy who often felt awkward, sought comfort in painting. He used a new medium, a set whose quality he didn't judge well. When his painting exploded in a messy trick of colors, his friend Mia didn't ignore him. She offered a generous smile, a reflection of her respect for his effort. Leo was ready to apologize for the loss of their afternoon. However, Mia's response, which was kind and warm, made him recognize his shallow worry. He had suffered a small failure, not a death of his talent. This moment, which helped him recover his confidence, became a thorough lesson. He learned to measure progress by effort, a benefit that would definitely help him grow. In Mia's company, he felt admired and understood, no longer misunderstood. He later contacted her to thank her, a person whom he truly valued. 善意的色彩 最初的计划，是高效地逃离喧闹的人群。里奥——一个常感笨拙的男孩——从绘画中寻求安慰。他尝试了一种新媒介，一套他没怎么判断好质量的颜料。当他的画作在一场混乱的色彩“爆炸”中变得一塌糊涂时，他的朋友米娅没有无视他。她报以慷慨的微笑，这映射出她对他努力的尊重。 里奥正准备为他们浪费的这个下午而道歉。然而，米娅那亲切而温暖的回应，让他意识到了自己肤浅的担忧。他只是经历了一次小小的失败，并非才华的死亡。这个帮他重拾信心的时刻，成了一堂深刻的课。他学会了用努力来衡量进步，这个益处必将助他成长。在米娅的陪伴下，他感到被欣赏、被理解，不再被误解。后来他联系了她以表感谢，她是他真正珍视的人。 四、词性转化练习 1．admire vt. 钦佩；欣赏→ admirable adj. 令人钦佩的→ admiration n．钦佩；欣赏→admirer n．崇拜者，爱慕者 2．apologize vi. 道歉，谢罪→ apology n．道歉 3．comfort vt. 宽慰，抚慰 n．舒服；安慰→ comfortable adj. 舒服的 → uncomfortable adj.不舒服的 4．original adj. 起初的； 独创的；原作的 n．原件，原稿→ origin n．起源→ originally adv. 最初→ originate v. 起源于 5．cover n & v 盖子；覆盖 recover vi.恢复健康；恢复常态 vt.全额收回；寻回；重新获得；恢复，重新控制→ recovery n．恢复 6．judge vt.& vi.评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为 n．法官；裁判员→ judgement n．判断 7．ignore vt. 忽视，对……不予理会→ ignorant adj. 无知的→ ignorance n．无知 8．suffer vi. 受苦， 受折磨；变差 vt. 遭受，蒙受→ suffering n．痛苦，苦难→ sufferer n．患者，受难者 9．explode vi. 爆炸；(愤怒等感情) 爆发，迸发 vt. 使爆炸→ explosion n．爆炸；爆发 10．respect vt. 尊重，尊敬 n．尊敬，敬意；重视；方面→ respectful adj. 表示敬意的；尊重的→ respectable adj. 体面的；值得尊敬的 11．efficient adj. 效率高的，有功效的→ efficiency n．效率；效能 12．reflection n．沉思；反射；映像；反映→ reflect v．反思；反射 13．benefit n．优势，益处，成效 vt.使受益 vi. 得益于→ beneficial adj. 有益的→beneficiary n. 受益者 14．failure n．失败；失败的人(或事)；未履行；故障→ fail vi.& vt. 失败；不及格 15．recognize vt. 承认，意识到；认出，辨别出→ recognition n．认出；认可；承认 16．death n．死，死亡；死亡状态→ dead adj. 死的→ die vi.死亡→ dying adj. 垂死的，气息奄奄的 五、词性转换巩固练习：用以上所复习的单词及其相关词性，完成以下句子。 1. His ________ for the hero's courage was obvious; he was a devoted ________ who found the hero's actions truly ________. (admire) 【答案】admiration; admirer; admirable 【解析】第一个空格在形容词性物主代词"His"后，应填名词"admiration"（钦佩）。第二个空格由"a devoted"修饰，指"崇拜者"，应填名词"admirer"。第三个空格在动词"found"后的宾语补足语位置，修饰"actions"，应填形容词"admirable"（令人钦佩的）。 2. After he realized his mistake, he was quick to ________ to me, and his sincere ________ was accepted. (apologize) 【答案】apologize; apology 【解析】第一个空格在"to"后，应填动词原形"apologize"（道歉）构成不定式。第二个空格在形容词"sincere"后，应填名词"apology"（道歉）。 3. The soft sofa brought her great ________, making her feel very ________; however, the hard chair was simply ________. (comfort) 【答案】comfort; comfortable; uncomfortable 【解析】第一个空格作动词"brought"的宾语，应填名词"comfort"（舒适）。第二个空格在"feel"后作表语，应填形容词"comfortable"（舒适的）。第三个空格在"was"后作表语，根据"however"的转折逻辑，应填反义词"uncomfortable"（不舒适的）。 4. The ________ of this ancient tradition can be traced back to a small village; it is believed to ________ from a local harvest festival and was ________ celebrated with simple ceremonies, though its ________ form has evolved over centuries. (original) 【答案】origin; originate; originally; original 【解析】第一个空格在定冠词"the"后，应填名词"origin"（起源）。第二个空格在"to"后，需填动词原形"originate"（起源于）构成不定式，且与介词"from"搭配。第三个空格位于系动词"was"和动词"celebrated"之间，修饰被动语态，应填副词"originally"（最初）。第四个空格在名词"form"前作定语，应填形容词"original"（最初的）。 5. The book's ________ was torn, but we managed to ________ it, and after a quick ________, it looked almost new. (cover) 【答案】cover; recover; recovery 【解析】第一个空格在"The book's"所有格后，应填名词"cover"（封面）。第二个空格在"to"后，应填动词原形"recover"（修复）构成不定式。第三个空格在形容词"quick"后，应填名词"recovery"（恢复、修复）。 6. __________ from common sense, it is not fair to ________ someone based on appearance alone; making a ________ requires careful thought. (judge) 【答案】Judging , judge; judgement 【解析】第一个空格Judging from…是固定搭配，要求用ing形式；第二个空格在"to"后，应填动词原形"judge"（评判）构成不定式。第三个空格作动词"making"的宾语，应填名词"judgement"（判断）。 7. It is unwise to ________ the fact that his ________ of basic safety rules results from being ________ on the subject, not from a lack of care. (ignore) 【答案】ignore; ignorance; ignorant 【解析】第一个空格在"to"后，应填动词原形"ignore"（忽视）构成不定式。第二个空格在"his"后，应填名词"ignorance"（无知）作从句主语。第三个空格在"being"后，应填形容词"ignorant"（无知的）作表语，构成"being ignorant on"（对...无知）的短语。这样全句的逻辑才通顺：忽视他因对主题无知（而非粗心）而不懂安全规则这一事实是不明智的。 8. Many ________ in the disaster continue to ________, and their ________ has drawn widespread attention. (suffer) 【答案】sufferers; suffer; suffering 【解析】第一个空格由"Many"修饰，应填名词复数"sufferers"（受害者）。第二个空格在"to"后，应填动词原形"suffer"（遭受痛苦）构成不定式。第三个空格在"their"后，应填名词"suffering"（痛苦）。 9. The old boiler might ________ if pressure builds up, causing a dangerous ________. (explode) 【答案】explode; explosion 【解析】第一个空格在情态动词"might"后，应填动词原形"explode"（爆炸）。第二个空格在形容词"dangerous"后，应填名词"explosion"（爆炸）。 10. He is a ________ member of the community and always shows ________ behavior towards others, which earns him great ________. (respect) 【答案】respectable; respectful; respect 【解析】第一个空格修饰名词"member"，应填形容词"respectable"（值得尊敬的）。第二个空格修饰名词"behavior"，应填形容词"respectful"（表示尊敬的）。第三个空格作动词"earns"的宾语，应填名词"respect"（尊敬）。 11. The new system is highly ________, and its ________ has significantly improved our workflow (工作流程). (efficient) 【答案】efficient; efficiency 【解析】第一个空格在系动词"is"和副词"highly"后，应填形容词"efficient"（高效的）。第二个空格在"its"后，应填名词"efficiency"（效率）作主语。 12. Her quiet ________ on the problem helped her reach a solution, as she took time to ________ on all aspects. (reflection) 【答案】reflection; reflect 【解析】第一个空格在形容词"quiet"后，应填名词"reflection"（思考）。第二个空格在"to"后，应填动词原形"reflect"（思考）构成不定式。 13. Regular exercise will ________ your health; it is ________ for your both body and mind, and you are the primary ________. (benefit) 【答案】benefit; beneficial; beneficiary 【解析】第一个空格在助动词"will"后，应填动词原形"benefit"（有益于）。第二个空格在"is"后作表语，应填形容词"beneficial"（有益的）。第三个空格在"the primary"后，应填名词"beneficiary"（受益者）。 14. He was afraid his plan would ________, but he knew that ________ was the mother of success. (fail) 【答案】fail; failure 【解析】第一个空格在助动词"would"后，应填动词原形"fail"（失败）。第二个空格作主语，应填名词"failure"（失败）。 15. It took him a moment to ________ his old friend, and the mutual (相互的) ________ brought them great joy. (recognize) 【答案】recognize; recognition 【解析】第一个空格在"to"后，应填动词原形"recognize"（认出）构成不定式。第二个空格作主语，应填名词"recognition"（认出，识别）。 16. The ________ of the famous author brought great sadness; he was found ________ in his study, having just ________ from a long illness. His ________ wish was to finish his last novel. (die) 【答案】death; dead; died; dying 【解析】第一个空格在定冠词"the"后，应填名词"death"（死亡）。第二个空格在"found"后作宾语补足语，表示状态，应填形容词"dead"（死的）。第三个空格在助动词"having"后，表示已完成，应填过去分词"died"（去世）。第四个空格修饰名词"wish"，应填形容词"dying"（临终的）。 ❖ 重点词组 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 一、根据所给中文意义，写出本单元所学词组。 1. (关系) 陷于困境, 濒临崩溃 on the rocks 2. 脱离某人的视线 out of one’s sight 3. 能够出席, 准时到达, 获得成功 make it 4. 社交媒体 social media 5. 不知所措, 困惑 at a loss 6. 有错, 应承担责任 in the wrong 7. 无论如何,不管怎样 in any case 8. 放弃, 摒弃; 松手, 放开 let go of 9. 依赖, 依靠, 指望 count on 10. 腐蚀, 侵蚀, 逐渐破坏 eat away at 11. 损害……之间的关系, 离间 come between…and… 12. 亲自, 亲身 in person 13. 最有意思 (或最令人愉快, 最好) 的部分 high point 14. 不顾艰难险阻, 同甘共苦 through thick and thin 15. 在某人看来 in one’s opinion 16. 克服; 恢复常态 get over 17. 使显现, 使表现出 bring out 18. 清除 (问题), 克服 (困难) smooth out 19. 注定要做某事, 应做某事 be meant to do sth 20. 呈现, 具有, 雇佣 take on 21. 最大程度地, 最大限度地 in full measure 二、通过语境记词组：根据所给短文的中文翻译，用以上词组填空。注意动词时态、语态等变化。 Seeing Eye to Eye Tom and his father rarely saw eye to eye on homework. His father was always on his back about finishing it early, which put stress on Tom. One evening, after Tom’s grades shot up, his father urged him to think it through before relaxing. "From my point of view," his father said, "you should study more." Tom, under a lot of stress, argued, but his father refused to back down. Finally, Tom’s mom took on the role of mediator. She asked them to put themselves in each other’s shoes and meet in the middle. It turned out that Tom worked at a different rate, and constant pressure had a bad influence on him. After calming down, they reached a strange middle ground: Tom would take a passive role in setting deadlines, while his father would cheer up and trust him more. This compromise resulted in less tension, proving there was no point in forcing opinions. Together, they drew happiness out of understanding. 意见相合 汤姆和父亲很少在作业问题上达成一致。父亲总是唠叨着要他早点完成作业，这给汤姆带来了压力。一天晚上，汤姆的成绩突然提高后，父亲却劝他仔细考虑清楚再放松。"在我看来，"父亲说，"你应该多学习。" 汤姆压力很大，争辩了几句，但父亲不肯让步。最后，汤姆的妈妈扮演了调解人的角色。她让他们站在对方的角度想想，并各退一步。结果发现，汤姆的学习节奏和别人不同，而持续施压对他产生了负面影响。 冷静下来后，他们达成了一个奇怪的折中方案：汤姆不再主动参与制定截止时间，而父亲则会鼓励他并给予更多信任。这一妥协使得紧张关系缓解，证明强迫对方接受观点毫无意义。最终，他们从理解中收获了快乐。 ❖ 疑难长句 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. When I was an awkward primary school student, she was the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me. （教材p30） 【结构解析】 这是一个复合句——时间状语从句。 “When I was an awkward primary school student”（当我还是一个笨拙的小学生时）是时间状语从句，由从属连词“When”引导，说明主句发生的时间。主句为“she was the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me”（她是那个愿意和我做朋友的受欢迎的女孩）。主句为主系表结构（she/was/the popular girl），其中包含一个由“who”引导的定语从句（who...me），修饰先行词“girl”，补充说明她的特质。 【译文】 当我还是一个笨拙的小学生时，她已是那个愿意与我为友的受欢迎的女孩。 【仿写训练】请使用“When A was... , B was the ... who ...”的结构。 1) 当我还是一个胆小的新生时，她是那个主动带我熟悉校园的高年级学生。 When I was a timid freshman, she was the senior student who took the initiative to show me around the campus. 2) 当我还是一位默默无闻的作者时，他是那位第一个认可我作品潜力的著名编辑。 When I was an unknown writer, he was the famous editor who first recognized the potential in my work. 2. The high point of the story comes when Huck is faced with the decision of whether to hand Jim over to some slave catchers. （教材p35） 【结构解析】 这是一个复合句。 “The high point of the story comes”（故事的高潮到来）为主句：其中“The high point of the story”是主语，“comes”是谓语。时间状语从句是“when Huck is faced with the decision of whether to hand Jim over to some slave catchers”（当哈克面临是否将吉姆交给奴隶追捕者的决定时）。该从句由“when”引导，说明主句动作发生的具体时刻。从句中又包含一个“whether to…”的动词不定式短语，作“decision”的同位语，具体说明决定的内容。 【译文】 故事的高潮出现在哈克面临抉择的时刻：是否要将吉姆交给那些追捕奴隶的人。 【仿写训练】请使用“The high point/关键时刻/转折点... comes when...”的结构。 1） 项目的转折点出现在团队面临是否要彻底改变设计方向的时刻。 The turning point of the project came when the team was faced with the decision of whether to change the design direction completely. 2） 这部电影最紧张的时刻出现在Tom必须决定是否要背叛朋友以拯救自己的时候。 The most tense moment of the film came when Tom was faced with the decision of whether to betray his friend to save himself. 3. Generally speaking, close friendships have three "fruits": they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves.（教材p39） 【结构解析】 这是一个复合句：主句 “Generally speaking, close friendships have three 'fruits': ”（总的来说，亲密的友谊有三种“果实”：）；“Generally speaking”为评注性状语，表明说话人的评论角度。冒号引出对“three 'fruits'”的具体说明。宾语从句含三个并列谓语： a) “may comfort the heart”（它们可以抚慰心灵） b) “advise the head”（启迪头脑） c) “help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves”（帮助我们实现为自己设定的目标） 其中第三个中的“we set for ourselves”是省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰“the goals”。 【译文】 总的来说，亲密的友谊能结出三种“果实”：它们可以抚慰心灵，启迪头脑，并帮助我们实现为自己设定的目标。 【仿写训练】 请使用“Generally speaking, ... have/has three ...: they may ... , ... and ... ”的结构。 1） 总的来说，经常锻炼能带来三大好处：它可以强健体魄，改善情绪，并帮助我们延长健康寿命。 Generally speaking, regular exercise has three major benefits: it may strengthen the body, improve mood, and help us extend our healthy lifespan. 2） 总的来说，掌握一门外语能带来三个关键优势：它可以增加职业机会，促进跨文化理解，并帮助我们以新的视角看世界。 Generally speaking, mastering a foreign language offers three key advantages: it may increase career opportunities, promote cross-cultural understanding, and help us see the world from a new perspective. ❖ 语法讲与练 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 一、阅读短文，找出其中的定语从句，然后仿写。（复习关系代词） The original plan was an efficient escape from the noisy crowd. Leo, a boy who often felt awkward, sought comfort in painting. He used a new medium, a set whose quality he didn't judge well. When his painting exploded in a messy trick of colors, his friend Mia didn't ignore him. She offered a generous smile, a reflection of her respect for his effort. Leo was ready to apologize for the loss of their afternoon. However, Mia's response, which was kind and warm, made him recognize his shallow worry. He had suffered a small failure, not a death of his talent. This moment, which helped him recover his confidence, became a thorough lesson. He learned to measure progress by effort, a benefit that would definitely help him grow. In Mia's company, he felt admired and understood, no longer misunderstood. He later contacted her to thank her, a person whom he truly valued. 【答案】 1. Leo, a boy who often felt awkward, sought comfort in painting. 定语从句：who often felt awkward (修饰 “a boy”) 2. He used a new medium, a set whose quality he didn't judge well. 定语从句：whose quality he didn't judge well (修饰 “a set”) 3. However, Mia's response, which was kind and warm, made him recognize his shallow worry. 定语从句：which was kind and warm (修饰 “Mia's response”) 4. This moment, which helped him recover his confidence, became a thorough lesson. 定语从句：which helped him recover his confidence (修饰 “This moment”) 5. He learned to measure progress by effort, a benefit that would definitely help him grow. 定语从句：that would definitely help him grow (修饰 “a benefit”) 6. He later contacted her to thank her, a person whom he truly valued. 定语从句：whom he truly valued (修饰 “a person”) 2.【仿写练习】 以下是基于短文中定语从句设计的仿写练习。请将下列句子翻译成英文。 1. 李明，一个总是充满好奇心的男孩，发现了这个秘密。 Li Ming, a boy who is always curious, discovered the secret. 原句仿写点： whose 引导的从句表示所属关系。 2. 他住在一所老房子里，其屋顶需要修理。 He lives in an old house, whose roof needs repair. 原句仿写点： whose 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰物。 3. 他的建议，既实用又创新，被团队采纳了。 His suggestion, which was both practical and innovative, was adopted by the team. 原句仿写点： which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰抽象名词（时刻、事件）。 4. 那次旅行，让我看到了世界的广阔，改变了我的人生观。 That trip, which showed me the vastness of the world, changed my outlook on life. 原句仿写点： which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰物（trip）。 5. 她养成了每天阅读的习惯，这个习惯极大地丰富了她的思想。 She developed a habit of daily reading, which greatly enriched her mind. 原句仿写点： which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰a habit。 6. 我们昨天遇到了王教授，一位我们非常敬重的学者。 We met Professor Wang yesterday, a scholar whom we deeply respect. 原句仿写点： 同位语中含有一个whom 引导的从句作宾语，修饰表示人的名词（正式文体）。 ❖ 阅读微技能 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Similarities VS Differences——论坛里两封回信的异同 请再次仔细阅读Friendship on the rock: please advise! 这篇课文，思考以下问题：阅读中如何发现两封回信的similarities和differences？以及如何客观对待两种观点(advice)？ 通过再次仔细阅读，反复思考，我们可以察觉到：对Amy的问题的两个回复者（Cindy和David）的异同，并学会从中提炼出客观对待不同观点的阅读方法。 一、归纳 Similarities（相似点） 1. 一致认同问题的严重性：Cindy和David都首先表达了理解和共情（Cindy: “I’m so sorry!”；David: “I definitely understand how you feel.”），承认Amy受到了伤害。 2. 核心建议都是“沟通”：两人最终都建议Amy与朋友进行谈话（Cindy: “have a full and frank talk”；David: “Talk to her”），认为这是厘清问题、做出判断的必要步骤。 3. 珍视友谊的前提：双方的建议都基于Amy本人珍视这段八年友谊（“you value your friendship”）这一事实。 二、归纳 Differences（不同点） 1. 核心立场与目标不同： Cindy：立场是修复与挽回。她认为“this friendship is worth saving”，目标是解决问题、和解如初。 David：立场是评估与抉择。他提出“it’s time to rethink your relationship”，目标是帮助Amy做出是否继续这段友谊的理性决定。 2. 对“朋友行为”的预设不同： Cindy：持相对积极、善意的预设。她推测朋友可能知错想道歉，或行为有苦衷（“a simple explanation”）。 David：持相对冷静、防备的预设。他以自身经历为例，指出朋友可能“ignores your feelings”，引导Amy做好对方可能不珍视友谊的心理准备。 3. 给出的最终行动框架不同： Cindy：沟通是为了倾听与相互理解（“Listen to what she has to say”），并共同解决问题（“solve this problem together”）。 David：沟通是为了收集信息以做出个人决策（“decide whether this friendship is still important to you”），并坦然接受任何结果（“friends come and go”）。 三、如何客观对待两种观点的异同（阅读方法） 1. 不预设立场，先做事实归纳：像上面一样，先将双方观点的异同点客观罗列出来，避免一开始就带入个人偏好（如“我更赞同Cindy”）。 2. 理解观点背后的价值观与前提：分析差异时，要看到它们源于不同的侧重点。Cindy侧重于关系的延续与修复（价值核心：忠诚、宽容、长期投入）；David侧重于个人的感受与保护（价值核心：诚实、自我价值、情感健康）。两者在特定情境下都有其合理性。 3. 将不同观点作为思考的“工具箱”，而非“单选题”：对于Amy（或读者）而言，Cindy和David的建议不是非此即彼的。完整的思考过程应该是两者的结合： 第一步（采纳Cindy的积极开端）：先带着善意和沟通的意愿去了解朋友的动机，给友谊一个修复的机会。这是对八年情感的基本尊重。 第二步（采纳David的评估意识）：在沟通中，客观观察朋友的态度是否真诚，是否顾及你的感受。基于沟通结果，冷静评估这段关系是否仍能带来健康的情感支持。 最终决策：综合以上两步的信息，做出最适合自己的决定——可能是原谅并修复，也可能是理性地结束。 总结：阅读此类多观点文本时，客观归纳是基础，理解差异背后的逻辑是关键，最终将不同视角融合成自己全面、分步骤的思考框架才是目的。Cindy和David的观点共同为我们提供了一张更完整的地图：既有通往和解的桥梁，也有保护自我的路标。最明智的做法，不是选择其中一条路，而是带着地图，自己走完从沟通到决策的全程。 1. What is the main difference between Cindy's and David's advice? A. Cindy urges forgiveness; David suggests breaking up immediately. B. Cindy values saving the friendship; David values making a personal choice. C. Cindy thinks an apology is needed; David thinks no apology matters. D. Cindy sees a simple solution; David sees an impossible problem. 【答案】 B 【解析】 B项准确概括了核心差异。Cindy强调"this friendship is worth saving"（友谊值得挽救），David则引导Amy "decide whether this friendship is still important to you"（决定友谊是否仍重要），前者重在修复，后者重在选择。 A项"立即原谅"和"立即分手"都过于绝对，原文无此表述。 C项Cindy虽提及道歉可能，但非核心；David未讨论道歉必要性。 D项两人均未将问题简单化或判定为无解。 2. How do Cindy and David differently view the purpose of talking with the friend? A. For listening and reconciling (和解) vs. for collecting information to decide. B. For online chatting vs. for face-to-face conversation. C. For a quick settlement vs. for a thorough investigation. D. For blaming the friend vs. for defending oneself. 【答案】 A 【解析】 A项准确对比了两人对谈话功能的不同定位。Cindy的谈话框架是双向沟通以和解（"listen"和"explain"），David的谈话框架是为个人决定收集信息（"decide whether..."）。 干扰项分析：B项谈话形式、C项谈话时长与深度、D项谈话立场均非原文讨论重点，属过度推断或无依据猜测。 3. What core belief do BOTH Cindy and David share about handling Amy's situation? A. Amy should end the friendship if her friend refuses to apologize. B. Amy must make the final decision based on her own feelings and values. C. The eight-year friendship is too long to give up under any circumstances. D. Social media is the root cause of the conflict and should be avoided. 【答案】 B 【解析】 B项正确。尽管Cindy和David的建议方向不同，但两人的建议都最终将决定权交还给了Amy本人，并强调她的感受和判断是关键。Cindy说：“I’m sure you can solve this problem together.” 她的建议虽然偏向挽回，但执行的前提是Amy愿意通过沟通去尝试，这依然尊重了Amy的意愿。 David更直接地指出：“Talk to her and decide whether this friendship is still important to you.” 他明确将决定权归于Amy的个人价值判断。因此，“Amy必须基于自己的感受和价值观来做最终决定”是两人共同的底层逻辑。 干扰项分析： A选项Cindy并未将“朋友道歉”设为硬性前提；David的重点是评估关系整体，而非单一行为。此项属于过度推断。C选项Cindy虽珍视八年情谊，但未说“任何情况下都不能放弃”；David更是明确提出了“朋友来来去去”的可能性。此项与David观点相悖。 D选项两人均未将矛盾根源归于社交媒体；这只是事件发生的背景，而非他们分析的焦点。此项脱离文本主旨。 本题通过寻找不同建议背后的“共同基点”，考查学生在对比中提炼深层共识的能力。干扰项分别设置了 “过度具体化条件”（A）、“与一方观点明显冲突”（C） 和 “转移矛盾焦点”（D） 的陷阱，要求考生准确理解双方论述的实质指向。 ❖ 技能实战 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A Princess Maria was kind, friendly, and very smart. Her sister, Princess Bella, was beautiful and popular. Since she was not very nice to Maria, they didn’t always get along well. As the Winter Wonder Ball approached, Maria realized that she didn’t have a ride to the ball. Her sister had a fancy sports car, but Maria knew she wouldn’t let her drive it. On the other hand, Bella didn’t have a gown (礼服) to wear, and she knew that Maria knew how to sew. In fact, she was making her own gown. Bella was too proud to wear a handmade dress, but all the fanciest stores had no dresses left. Bella had no choice but to ask her sister for help. Kind Maria agreed to make her sister’s dress. When she finished, Bella couldn’t believe how beautiful the gown was. Bella hugged her sister and thanked her. She apologized for not being very nice in the beginning, and she even drove Maria to the ball. Both sisters looked beautiful! They were the prettiest girls at the ball, and they had a wonderful time. Most importantly, they were glad that they learned to work together! 1. What did both sisters learn from their experience? A. It is important to look beautiful at a ball. B. The value of driving a fancy sports car. C. The importance of working together. D. How to sew a beautiful gown by hand. 【答案】C 【解析】 这是一道细节理解题，考查对文章明确陈述的共同信息的把握。文章最后一句明确提到："Most importantly, they were glad that they learned to work together!" 这与选项C完全一致。选项A（在舞会上看起来漂亮很重要）是事实但不是她们学到的主要道理；选项B（豪华跑车的价值）和D（如何手工缝制裙子）都只是故事中的个别元素，并非姐妹共同学到的东西。 2. What was the main problem each sister faced before the ball? A. Maria had no car; Bella had no dress. B. Maria was not smart; Bella was not kind. C. Maria couldn't sew; Bella couldn't drive. D. Maria was unpopular; Bella was not smart. 【答案】A 【解析】 这是一道细节对比题，考查对两个人物各自面临的核心问题的理解。文章第二段指出玛丽亚的困境："Maria realized that she didn't have a ride to the ball." 第三、四段则点明贝拉的困境："Bella didn't have a gown to wear..." 且所有商店都卖完了。因此，A选项准确概括了两人各自的主要问题。选项B、C、D中关于人物特质的描述（不聪明、不善良、不会缝纫、不会开车、不受欢迎）均与原文事实不符。 3. What can we infer about the sisters' relationship after the ball? A. They became competitive about who was prettier. B. They remained distant and did not get along. C. They likely improved their relationship and became closer. D. They decided to avoid attending events together in the future. 【答案】C 【解析】 这是一道推理判断题。需要基于文章结尾的整体氛围和具体行动进行推断。文章结尾描述贝拉拥抱并感谢玛丽亚，还为之前的行为道歉，并开车送她去舞会。两人在舞会上都看起来很出彩，玩得很开心，并且都学会了合作。这些积极的互动和结果强烈暗示她们的关系得到了改善，并可能变得更亲密。选项A（变得竞争）和D（未来避免一起出席）与结尾的积极基调相悖；选项B（关系仍然疏远）则直接与她们和解、合作并共度愉快时光的事实相反。因此，C是最合理、最基于文本的推断。 B Harbor Seals and Gray Seals Seals are warm-blooded mammals that live near the sea. The animal we often think of as a seal is actually the seal’s cousin, the sea lion. Sea lions can move around on land much more easily than seals. They can be taught to catch a ball on their nose, and do other tricks. Seals don’t move around very easily on land. When they do spend time on land, they usually are watching over their newborn “pups.” But they spend most of their lives in the water. Seals can dive as deep as 1,000 feet, and can stay under water for over an hour. They can even sleep under water. The two types of seals most often found in the North Atlantic Ocean are the Gray Seal and the Harbor Seal. Gray Seals are found mostly along the North Atlantic coasts of Europe. Harbor Seals are found on those same European coasts, and also along the east and west coasts of North America. These two types of seals are about the same size, and look very similar, but they have some very different characteristics and behaviors. Harbor Seals have smaller faces than Gray Seals. They have a forehead, and a small triangular (三角形的) nose. Its face looks something like a kitten’s. Gray Seals have no forehead, and a large, wide nose. Harbor Seals’ faces look cute, and Gray Seals’ faces look rather dangerous. Strangely enough, this is how they behave. Gray Seals are often very aggressive (好斗的). If accidentally caught in fishing nets, they put up a fight. They have been known to attack porpoises (鼠海豚) and other large fish. But Harbor Seals feed mostly on small fish. They are very curious, and will often follow boats, to see what is going on. Once a Harbor Seal saved a dog’s life. The dog slipped and fell into a river just where the water rushes into the ocean. The dog was swept out to sea. A man who was out walking his own two dogs saw it happen, but there was nothing he could do to help. As he watched, a Harbor Seal started swimming around the dog, pushing it toward the shore. By the time rescuers got to the dog, there were three Harbor Seals floating up and down in the water just off shore, keeping an eye on the dog. Scientists say that Harbor Seals are protective by nature, and, unlike Gray Seals, are rarely aggressive. 1. Which of the following is TRUE about the difference between a seal and a sea lion? A. Sea lions are a type of seal. B. Seals can move more easily on land than sea lions. C. Sea lions can perform tricks while seals cannot. D. Seals spend most of their time on land watching over pups. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。考查对海豹（seal）和海狮（sea lion）区别的理解。原文第一段明确指出“Sea lions can be taught to catch a ball on their nose, and do other tricks.”（海狮能被训练用鼻子接球和表演其他把戏），而文中未提及海豹有类似能力，因此C正确。A项错误，因为海狮是海豹的“cousin”，而非一种海豹。B项与原文“Sea lions can move around on land much more easily than seals.”意思相反。D项错在“most of their time on land”，原文是海豹大部分时间生活在水中（spend most of their lives in the water）。 2. What ability do seals have according to the passage? A. They can dive as deep as 2,000 feet. B. They can stay under water for over two hours. C. They can even sleep under water. D. They are easier to train than sea lions. 【答案】C 【解析】 细节理解题。考查对海豹（泛指）共有能力的把握。原文第一段末尾明确写道“They can even sleep under water.”，这里的“They”指代前文讨论的seals，因此C正确。A、B项的数据（2000英尺，两小时）与原文“as deep as 1,000 feet”和“for over an hour”不符。D项“更容易训练”在文中没有依据，且训练相关内容是针对海狮描述的。 3. Where can Gray Seals primarily be found? A. Along the east and west coasts of North America. B. Mostly along the North Atlantic coasts of Europe. C. In the rivers where freshwater meets the ocean. D. Worldwide in all oceans near coastal areas. 【答案】B 【解析】 细节理解题。考查对灰海豹（Gray Seal）地理分布的具体信息。原文第二段明确提到“Gray Seals are found mostly along the North Atlantic coasts of Europe.”，因此B正确。A项描述的是港海豹（Harbor Seal）的分布。C、D项在文中没有依据。 4. How did the Harbor Seal show its protective nature in the story? A. It attacked a porpoise that threatened the dog. B. It taught its pup how to swim toward the shore. C. It pushed a drowning dog toward the shore and kept watch. D. It followed a fishing boat out of curiosity. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。考查对港海豹保护天性具体例证的理解。原文第四段详细叙述了港海豹将狗推回岸边并守望的故事，直接对应C选项。A项是灰海豹的攻击行为。B项“教幼崽”是文中未提及的想象。D项是港海豹好奇天性的表现，与保护性无关。 5. What can we infer about the author's view on Harbor Seals compared to Gray Seals? A. The author believes Gray Seals are more intelligent. B. The author finds Harbor Seals more physically attractive. C. The author sees Harbor Seals as having a milder nature. D. The author thinks Gray Seals are better adapted to underwater life. 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。考查对作者观点态度的推断。全文在对比两种海豹时，多次描述港海豹面貌“cute”（可爱）、行为“curious”（好奇）、“protective”（有保护性）、“rarely aggressive”（极少有攻击性）；而描述灰海豹面貌“dangerous”（危险）、行为“aggressive”（有攻击性）。这种对比强烈地暗示作者认为港海豹性情更温和。A项（更聪明）、B项（更漂亮）和D项（更适应水下生活）在文中均无足够证据支持。 6. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To argue for the protection of seals from fishing nets. B. To describe the physical appearance and behaviors of two seal types. C. To tell an amazing story about a seal saving a dog's life. D. To explain why sea lions are more popular than seals in shows. 【答案】B 【解析】主旨大意题。考查对文章整体目的的把握。全文开篇引出海豹，然后重点介绍北大西洋最常见的两种海豹——灰海豹和港海豹，并从分布、外貌特征、行为习性（包括攻击性/保护性）等方面进行了详细的比较和描述。C项（救狗的故事）只是一个具体例证，服务于说明港海豹的特性。A项（保护倡议）和D项（解释海狮更受欢迎的原因）均非文章主要讨论内容。因此，B项最全面、准确地概括了全文主旨。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $