专题04 必修一Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good 重难知识综合复习（寒假复习讲义）高一英语译林版

专题04 必修一 Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good (必修一) （寒假复习讲与练） 考点聚焦: 关注核心考点，学考结合 重点速记: 词汇短语梳理，夯实基础 难点强化: 重点难点突破，能力提升 学以致用: 真题感知再现，助力高考 ----------------------------------------------- •‿• 单元知识回顾 •‿• ---------------------------------------------- 重点单词 skip, immediately, concentrate, concerned, nutrition, function, energetic, effective, frightened, aspect, pressure, memory, attack, amount, schedule, negative, treatment, addition, saying, beauty, fashion, digital, series, external, strength, content, individuality, achievement, 必备短语 pass out, slim down, side effect, take in, get into shape, contribute to, in the short/ long term, in addition, hang over, guard against, fight a losing battle, live up to, end up, show off, take pride in, plastic surgery, live in one’s shadow, follow sth. blindly, take one’s mind off sth. be caught in, be at increased risk of doing sth. 疑难长句 1. According to a recent survey of senior high school students' lifestyles, almost one fifth of teenagers regularly skip meals, one in ten over-exercise and four per cent even take weight-loss medicine. （教材p 45） 2. She pointed out that it is important to have a healthy balanced diet since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well. (p 45) 3. If you have friends who are good-looking or have a great fashion sense, it can feel like you are living in their shadow. (p 53) 阅读微技能 新闻报道的阅读技巧 语法与修辞 关系副词引导的定语从句 ❖ 重点单词 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 一、根据所给中文意义，写出英文单词。 1. vt. 不做(应做的事情等); 跳过. vi. 蹦蹦跳跳地走; 略过 skip 2. vi. & vt. 集中(注意力、思想等); 全神贯注 concentrate 3. adj. 担心的, 忧虑的; 关注的, 关切的 concerned 4. n. 营养 nutrition 5. vi. 起作用, 正常工作, 运转. n. 作用, 功能, 职能 function 6. adj. 精力充沛的, 充满活力的 energetic 7. adj. 有效的; 生效的 effective 8. adj. 害怕的, 惊吓的, 受惊的 frightened 9. n. 方面, 层面 aspect 10. n. 心理压力, 紧张; 压力; 要求, 催促 pressure 11. vt. & vi. 是…… 的原因之一; 捐赠, 捐献; 增加, 添加 contribute 12. n. 记忆力, 记性; 记忆, 回忆 memory 13. n. 发作; 攻击; 抨击. vt. & vi. 攻击; 侵袭; 抨击 attack 14. n. 数量 amount 15. n. 日程安排, 工作计划; 时间表 schedule 16. adj. 消极的, 负面的; 坏的, 有害的; 否定的 negative 17. n. 治疗; 对待, 待遇; 处理 treatment 18. n. 增加, 添加; 加法 addition 19. n. 格言, 谚语, 警句 saying 20. n. 美, 美丽; 美人, 美好的东西 beauty 21. n. 时尚, 时兴, 流行款式 fashion 22. adj. 数码的, 数字的 digital 23. n. 一系列, 连续 (pl. series) series 24. adj. 外来的, 外在的; 外面的, 外部的 external 25. n. 优势; 力气, 力量; 实力 strength 26. n. 内容; 目录 content 27. n. 个性, 个人特征 individuality 28. n. 成就, 成绩; 达到, 完成 achievement 二、用以上所复习的单词，完成下列句子。 1. Many children love to ________ rope during breaks because it's fun and good exercise. 【答案】skip 【详解】句意为“许多孩子喜欢在课间休息时______绳子，因为这很有趣而且也是很好的锻炼”。“rope”和“good exercise”是提示，表明是“跳绳”这项活动，故填skip。 2. When the fire alarm rang, everyone left the building ________. 【答案】immediately 【详解】句意为“火警响起时，所有人______离开了大楼”。根据“fire alarm rang”的紧急情况，需要填入一个表示“立刻、马上”的副词，故填immediately。 3. Please turn off the music so I can ________ on reading this book. 【答案】concentrate 【详解】句意为“请把音乐关掉，这样我才能______阅读这本书”。“turn off the music”是为了能够“专心、集中精力”，且与介词“on”搭配，故填concentrate。 4. The doctor said he was ________ about the patient's high fever and ordered more tests. 【答案】concerned 【详解】句意为“医生说他______病人的高烧，并安排了更多检查”。根据“patient's high fever”和“ordered more tests”，表明医生感到担心、关切，且与介词“about”搭配，故填concerned。 5. Eating a balanced diet is important for good health and proper ________. 【答案】nutrition 【详解】句意为“均衡饮食对于身体健康和适当的______很重要”。“balanced diet”与“good health”提示，这里指的是身体获取的“营养”，故填nutrition。 6. The main ________ of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body. 【答案】function 【详解】句意为“心脏的主要______是将血液泵送到全身”。描述心脏的“作用、功能”，故填function。 7. After a good night's sleep, the children were ________ and ready to play all day. 【答案】energetic 【详解】句意为“经过一夜好眠，孩子们______，准备好玩上一整天”。“ready to play all day”说明他们精力充沛、充满活力，故填energetic。 8. This new cleaning product is very ________ at removing tough stains. 【答案】effective 【详解】句意为“这种新的清洁产品在去除顽固污渍方面非常______”。形容产品的“效果显著、有效”，故填effective。 9. The little girl was ________ of the loud thunder during the storm. 【答案】frightened 【详解】句意为“小女孩在暴风雨中______打雷的巨响”。“loud thunder”通常令人害怕，且与介词“of”搭配，表示“害怕……”，故填frightened。 10. Learning a language involves many ______, such as grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. 【答案】aspects 【详解】句意为“学习一门语言涉及许多，例如语法、词汇和发音”。句子后面列举了学习语言的几个不同“方面”，故填aspect的复数形式aspects。 11. Before the important exam, many students feel a lot of ________ . 【答案】pressure 【详解】句意为“在大考前，许多学生会感到很大的”。考试前常感到“压力”，故填pressure。 12. My earliest ________ is of sitting in my grandmother's garden when I was three. 【答案】memory 【详解】句意为“我最早期的______是三岁时坐在祖母的花园里”。描述对过去事件的“记忆”，故填memory。 13. The castle soldiers were ready to ________ if the enemy came any closer. 【答案】attack 【详解】句意为“城堡的士兵已准备好，如果敌人再靠近就发起______”。根据“enemy came any closer”的语境，士兵准备“攻击、进攻”，故填attack。 14. A small ________ of salt can make a big difference to the taste of the soup. 【答案】amount 【详解】句意为“一小______盐就能极大地改变汤的味道”。“salt”是不可数名词，表示“盐的用量、数量”，故填amount。 15. According to the train ________ , the next one arrives at 10:15. 【答案】schedule 【详解】句意为“根据列车，下一班车将在10:15到达”。查询火车到达时间需要参照“时刻表”，故填schedule。 16. Too much criticism can have a ________ effect on a child's confidence. 【答案】negative 【详解】句意为“过多的批评会对孩子的自信心产生______影响”。根据“Too much criticism”的提示，这种影响是“消极的、负面的”，故填negative。 17. The best ________ for a common cold is to get plenty of rest and drink lots of water. 【答案】treatment 【详解】句意为“治疗普通感冒最好的______是充分休息并大量饮水”。“for a common cold”表明是针对感冒的“治疗方法”，故填treatment。 18. In ________ to English, she is also learning French and Spanish. 【答案】addition 【详解】句意为“______英语，她还在学习法语和西班牙语”。固定短语“in addition to”表示“除…之外（还）”，故填addition。 19. There's an old ________ that goes, "Actions speak louder than words." 【答案】saying 【详解】句意为——有一句古老的______说：“行动胜于雄辩。”。“that goes”引导的内容是一句格言或“谚语”，故填saying。 20. People often visit that lake to enjoy the natural ________ of the mountains and water. 【答案】beauty 【详解】句意为“人们经常去那个湖边欣赏山水的自然______”。自然风光的美，即“美丽、美景”，故填beauty。 21. She always keeps up with the latest clothing ________ by reading magazines. 【答案】fashion 【详解】句意为“她总是通过阅读杂志来了解最新的服装______”。“clothing”和“latest”提示，指的是“时尚、潮流”，故填fashion。 22. Most cameras today are ________, so you can see your photos right away. 【答案】digital 【详解】句意为“现在大多数相机都是______的，所以你可以立刻看到照片”。“see your photos right away”是数码相机的特点，故填digital。 23. The library is hosting a ________ of talks by famous authors this month. 【答案】series 【详解】句意为“图书馆本月将举办著名作家的______讲座”。“a ... of talks”表示一系列的、一连串的讲座，故填series。 24. This hard drive can connect to ________ devices like computers and gaming consoles. 【答案】external 【详解】句意为“这个硬盘可以连接到计算机和游戏机等______设备上”。“connect to”和“devices like computers”提示，指的是“外部的”设备，故填external。 25. Regular exercise helps to build muscle ________ and keep you healthy. 【答案】strength 【详解】句意为“定期锻炼有助于增强肌肉______并保持健康”。“build muscle”提示是增加肌肉的“力量、力气”，故填strength。 26. The main ________ of this book is very interesting, even though it's long. 【答案】content 【详解】句意为“这本书的主要______非常有趣，尽管它很长”。描述一本书的“内容”，故填content。 27. Wearing unique clothes is one way for teenagers to express their ________. 【答案】individuality 【详解】句意为“穿着独特的衣服是青少年表达他们______的一种方式”。“unique clothes”提示是为了展示“个性、个人特质”，故填individuality。 28. Winning the science competition was her greatest ________ this year. 【答案】achievement 【详解】句意为“赢得科学竞赛是她今年最大的______”。竞赛获胜是一项重要的“成就、成绩”，故填achievement。 三、通过语境记单词：根据所给短文的中文翻译，用以上单词填空。注意时态语态的变化。 The Courage to Be Yourself Leo was a quiet boy who felt great pressure to fit in with the fashion of his crowd. He was often frightened that showing his true self would lead to a negative reaction or even an attack on his individuality. His main concern was being accepted. However, after reading a book about personal achievement, he remembered an old saying: "Follow your heart." This memory sparked a change. He decided not to skip any more chances to express himself. He started by sharing the digital content of his original artwork online. To his surprise, the amount of positive feedback was huge. This effective encouragement gave him new strength. He began to concentrate on the aspect of life that brought him joy, not stress. In addition, Leo improved his daily schedule to include better nutrition and exercise, which helped his body function better and made him feel more energetic. He learned that true beauty and quality of life come from within, not from external trends. Through this thorough self-treatment, he finally learned to admire his own reflection and recognize his worth. His greatest adventure was this journey to self-respect, a definite benefit to his life. 勇敢做自己 利奥是个安静的男孩，他感到巨大的压力，要迎合他所在人群的时尚。他常常害怕展示真实的自己会招致负面反应，甚至是对他个性的攻击。他主要的担忧是被接受。然而，在读了一本关于个人成就的书后，他想起一句古老的谚语：“追随内心。” 这段记忆引发了一个变化。 他决定不再跳过任何表达自我的机会。他从在网上分享自己原创艺术作品的数字内容开始。令他惊讶的是，积极的反馈数量巨大。这种有效的鼓励给了他新的力量。他开始专注于生活中带给他快乐而非压力的方面。 此外，利奥改进了他的日常时间表，加入了更好的营养和锻炼，这帮助他的身体更好地运作，让他感觉更精力充沛。他明白了真正的美丽和生活的品质来自内心，而非外部的潮流。通过这次彻底的自我治疗，他终于学会了欣赏自己的倒影并认可自己的价值。他最伟大的冒险就是这段通往自尊的旅程，这无疑是他生活中的一项益处。 四、词性转化练习 1. addition n．增加，添加；加法→ add v．增加 → additional adj. 附加的, 额外的, 另外的 → additionally adv. 此外，除此之外 2. achievement n. 成就；完成→ achieve vt. 达到；完成 3. beauty n．美，美丽；美人，美好的东西 → beautiful adj.美丽的 → beautifully adv. 美丽地, 美好地, 优美地 → beautify vt. 美化，优化 4. effect n. 效果，作用，影响 → effective adj. 有效的，生效的 → effective adv. 有效地 5. energy n. 精力；能源→ energetic adj. 精力充沛的 → energetically adv. 精力充沛地 6. extreme adj. 极端的；严重的 n．极端不同的感情(或境况、行为方式等) → extremely adv. 极端地 7. frightened adj. 害怕的，受惊的→ frighten vt. 使惊吓→ frightening adj. 令人害怕的 8. fashion n. 时尚 → fashionable adj. 时髦的 9. individuality n. 个人特征→ individual n. 个人 adj. 单独的，个别的 → individually adv. 单独地，个别地 10. immediately adv.立即，马上 conj. 一……就→ immediate adj. 立刻的，马上的 11. memory n. 记忆力；记忆→ memorize vt. 记住，记忆→ memorial n. 纪念碑 12. pressure n．心理压力，紧张；压力；要求，催促→ press vt. & vi. 催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推 n．报章杂志，报刊 13. strength n. 优势；力量 → strengthen vt. 加强 → strong adj. 强壮的 14. surgery n. 外科手术→ surgeon n. 外科医生 15. talent n．天资，天赋；人才，天才→ talented adj. 有才能的 16. treatment n. 治疗；对待 → treat vt. 治疗；对待 五、词性转换巩固练习：用以上所复习的单词及其相关词性，完成以下句子。 1. In ________ to our team, we have three new members. They will bring ________ skills to help us. ________, their fresh ideas are very welcome. (add) 【答案】addition; additional; Additionally 【解析】第一个空格固定搭配"in addition to"表示“除…之外”。第二个空格修饰名词"skills"，应填形容词"additional"（额外的）。第三个空格位于句首，连接前后内容，表示“此外”，应填副词"Additionally"。 2. Winning the science fair was her greatest ________. It took hard work to ________ this goal. (achieve) 【答案】achievement; achieve 【解析】第一个空格由形容词最高级"greatest"修饰，应填名词"achievement"（成就）。第二个空格在不定式"to"后，作谓语动词，应填动词原形"achieve"（达到、完成）。 3. We all stopped to enjoy the ________ of the sunset. The sky looked so ________ painted in orange and pink. (beauty) 【答案】beauty; beautiful 【解析】第一个空格在定冠词"the"后，作"enjoy"的宾语，应填名词"beauty"（美丽）。第二个空格在系动词"looked"后作表语，修饰"sky"，应填形容词"beautiful"（美丽的）。 4. The medicine had a good ________. It was very ________ in reducing pain and worked ________ quickly. (effect) 【答案】effect; effective; effectively 【解析】第一个空格在形容词"good"后，应填名词"effect"（效果）。第二个空格在系动词"was"后作表语，应填形容词"effective"（有效的）。第三个空格修饰副词"quickly"，应填副词"effectively"（有效地）。 5. Good food gives us ________. After eating, we children became ________ and ran around ________. (energy) 【答案】energy; energetic; energetically 【解析】第一个空格作"gives"的宾语，应填名词"energy"（精力）。第二个空格在系动词"became"后作表语，应填形容词"energetic"（精力充沛的）。第三个空格修饰动词"ran"，应填副词"energetically"（精力充沛地）。 6. Climbing the mountain in winter was an ________ challenge. It was ________ cold at the top. (extreme) 【答案】extreme; extremely 【解析】第一个空格修饰名词"challenge"，应填形容词"extreme"（极端的）。第二个空格修饰形容词"cold"，应填副词"extremely"（极端地、非常）。 7. The loud noise ________ the baby. The ________ baby started crying at once. (frighten) 【答案】frightened; frightened 【解析】第一个空格为句子谓语动词，主语是"noise"，应填动词"frightened"（使惊吓）。第二个空格修饰名词"baby"，描述婴儿的状态，应填形容词"frightened"（受惊的）。 8. She always follows the latest ________. Her clothes are always very ________. (fashion) 【答案】fashion; fashionable 【解析】第一个空格在定冠词"the"和形容词"latest"后，应填名词"fashion"（时尚）。第二个空格在系动词"are"后作表语，应填形容词"fashionable"（时髦的）。 9. He values his ________ very much. As an ________, he likes to work ________ on projects. (individual) 【答案】individuality; individual; individually 【解析】第一个空格作"values"的宾语，应填名词"individuality"（个性）。第二个空格在"an"后，应填名词"individual"（个人）。第三个空格修饰动词"work"，应填副词"individually"（单独地）。 10. The teacher asked for an ________ answer. The students raised their hands ________ after the question. (immediate) 【答案】immediate; immediately 【解析】第一个空格修饰名词"answer"，应填形容词"immediate"（立刻的）。第二个空格修饰整个句子，表示动作发生的方式，应填副词"immediately"（立即）。 11. I have a clear _________ of the school's anniversary. To prepare my speech, I had to _______ a long list of historical dates. Now, a beautiful stone _________ stands in the garden to honor that special day. 【答案】 memory; memorize; memorial 【解析】 第一空memory (名词)，作 have 的宾语，要用名词，意为“对……的记忆”。 第二空memorize (动词)，在 had to 后接动词原形，意为“记住、背下”，要用动词。 第三空memorial (名词)，在冠词 a 后，要用名词，意为“纪念碑/纪念物”。 12. She works well under ________. Don't ________ her to finish too quickly. It’s her habit to read the morning ________ every day. (press) 【答案】pressure; press; press 【解析】第一个空格在介词"under"后，应填名词"pressure"（压力）。第二个空格为祈使句的谓语动词，应填动词原形"press"（催促）。第三个空格在"the morning"后，应填名词"press"（报刊，此为集合名词）。 13. His greatest _________ is his unwavering loyalty. To _________ our team spirit, he organized weekly bonding activities. Under his leadership, our sense of unity became incredibly _________. 【答案】 strength; strengthen; strong 【解析】第一个空格在形容词最高级 greatest 后，要用名词，意为“长处，优点”。 第二个空格在不定式符号 To 后接动词原形，要用动词，意为“加强，巩固”。 第三个空格在系动词 became 后作表语，要用形容词，意为“强大的，牢固的”。 14. The ________ was difficult but successful. The skilled ________ performed it very carefully. (surgery) 【答案】surgery; surgeon 【解析】第一个空格在定冠词"the"后作主语，应填名词"surgery"（外科手术）。第二个空格在"the skilled"后，应填名词"surgeon"（外科医生）。 15. She has a natural ________ for music. She is a ________ pianist who started playing at the age of five. (talent) 【答案】talent; talented 【解析】第一个空格作"has"的宾语，应填名词"talent"（天赋）。第二个空格修饰名词"pianist"，应填形容词"talented"（有才能的）。 16. The doctor suggested a new ________. He decided to ________ the illness with this special medicine. (treat) 【答案】treatment; treat 【解析】第一个空格在"a new"后，应填名词"treatment"（治疗）。第二个空格在"decided to"后，应填动词原形"treat"（治疗）。 ❖ 重点词组 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 一、根据所给中文意义，写出本单元所学词组。 昏迷, 失去知觉 pass out 变苗条, 减肥 slim down 副作用 side effect 摄入, 吸收 take in 强身健体 get into shape 促成, 造成 contribute to 从短期/长期看 in the short/long term 此外 in addition 使忧心忡忡, 担心可能发生 hang over 防范, 防止, 提防 guard against 打一场无望取胜的仗 fight a losing battle 达到, 符合, 不辜负 live up to 最终成为, 最终处于 end up 显示, 展示; 炫耀, 卖弄 show off 为······自豪, 为······骄傲 take pride in 整形手术; 整形外科 plastic surgery 活在某人的阴影之中 live in one’s shadow 盲目跟随，盲从（某事） follow sth. blindly 转移对······的注意力；使不想 take one’s mind off sth. 被困在，陷入 be caught in 做某事的风险增加 be at increased risk of doing sth. 二、通过语境记词组：根据所给短文的中文翻译，用以上词组填空。注意动词时态、语态等变化。 More Than a Mirror Lily always lived in her sister’s shadow. To take her mind off the constant comparison, she decided to get into shape. She followed extreme diets blindly, thinking it would help her slim down quickly. In the short term, she lost weight and loved to show off her new figure. However, the poor diet made her pass out once during a run—a severe side effect. Her doctor warned she was at increased risk of harming her health. In addition, if she continued, she would end up fighting a losing battle with her body. In the long term, real health would contribute to happiness, not just looks. She realized she shouldn’t be caught in the trap of quick fixes like plastic surgery just to live up to others' expectations. Now, she learns to guard against unhealthy trends and take pride in lasting strength. The old pressure no longer hangs over her; she focuses on what she can take in and truly nourishes her. 不止于镜中 莉莉一直生活在姐姐的阴影下。为了不再总想着这种比较，她决定健身塑形。她盲目追随极端节食法，以为能快速瘦身。短期看来，她体重减轻了，也喜欢炫耀自己的新身材。然而，不良饮食导致她有一次跑步时晕倒了——这是一个严重的副作用。 医生警告她，她面临更大的健康受损风险。此外，如果继续这样，她最终将与身体打一场必败之战。长期来看，真正的健康才能带来幸福，而不仅仅是外表。她意识到，自己不应为了活成他人的期待而陷入整形手术之类的捷径陷阱。现在，她学会警惕不健康的潮流，并为持久的活力感到自豪。过去的压力不再笼罩着她；她专注于吸收真正能滋养自己的东西。 ❖ 疑难长句 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. According to a recent survey of senior high school students' lifestyles, almost one fifth of teenagers regularly skip meals, one in ten over-exercise and four per cent even take weight-loss medicine. （教材p 45） 【结构解析】： 这个句子分为两个主要部分：According to... lifestyles 是介词短语作状语，说明后面信息的来源，相当于“根据……”。三个并列的句子，用逗号和 and 连接，共同描述调查结果： 第一个：almost one fifth of teenagers regularly skip meals（近五分之一的青少年经常不吃饭）。 第二个：one in ten (students) over-exercise（十分之一的学生过度运动，省略了“students”） 第三个：four per cent (of students) even take weight-loss medicine（4%的学生甚至服用减肥药，省略了“of students”）。 三个句子结构相似，都是“比例 + 人群 + 行为”，通过并列呈现不同现象，语气逐步加强（从“不吃饭”到“过度运动”再到“服药”）。 【译文】： 根据最近一项关于高中生生活方式的调查，近五分之一的青少年经常不吃饭，十分之一的人过度运动，甚至有4%的人服用减肥药。 【仿写】 针对大学生消费习惯的问卷显示，约四成学生每月网购超支，15%依赖分期付款购物，甚至3%曾通过网络借贷维持日常开销。 According to a questionnaire on university students' spending habits, about 40% exceed their monthly budget on online shopping, 15% rely on installment payments for purchases, and even 3% have used online loans to cover daily expenses. 2. She pointed out that it is important to have a healthy balanced diet since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well. （教材p 45） 【结构解析】：这个句子是一个复合句。主句是 "She pointed out"，后面跟了一个由 "that" 引导的宾语从句，用来陈述她指出的具体内容。在宾语从句中，其主干是 "it is important to have a healthy balanced diet"，其中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语 "to have a healthy balanced diet"。这个宾语从句后面又跟了一个由 "since" 引导的原因状语从句 "since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well"，来解释为什么均衡饮食很重要。这个原因状语从句本身又是一个由 "and" 连接的并列句，包含两个分句：1) teenagers are still growing; 2) their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well。 【译文】：她指出，保持健康均衡的饮食很重要，因为青少年仍在生长发育，他们的身体需要大量营养才能良好运转。 【仿写】 他强调，保证充足睡眠至关重要，因为员工长期处于高压状态，他们的大脑需要休息才能保持高效。 He emphasized that it is crucial to ensure sufficient sleep since employees are under high pressure, and their brains need rest to maintain efficiency. 3. If you have friends who are good-looking or have a great fashion sense, it can feel like you are living in their shadow. (p 53 ) 【结构解析】 这是一个主从复合句。句子主干是 "it can feel like you are living in their shadow"，其中 it 是形式主语。真正的主语是从句 "If you have friends who are good-looking or have a great fashion sense"。这个 if 引导的条件状语从句中，又包含一个由 "who" 引导的定语从句 "who are good-looking or have a great fashion sense"，用来修饰前面的 friends。主句部分是 "it can feel like..."，而 like 在这里是连词，引导一个表语从句 "you are living in their shadow"，用来描述 feel 的具体内容。整个句子的逻辑是：如果（你有某种朋友），那么 （就会产生某种感觉）。 【译文】：如果你有相貌出众或时尚品味绝佳的朋友，可能会让你感觉活在他的阴影之下。 【仿写】 如果你有哥哥姐姐成绩特别优异，可能会让你觉得永远在追随他们的脚步。 If you have brothers or sisters who are exceptionally academically successful, it can feel like you are always following in their footsteps. ❖ 语法讲与练 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 找出短文中的定语从句，然后仿写。 Leo was a student who constantly felt pressured to live up to the digital beauty standards that hung over his social media feed, which was filled with unrealistic images. He followed extreme diets during a period when his peers were chasing similar ideals, which often left him skipping meals. His routine took place in environments where appearance was overly emphasized. At moments when he felt weakest, he would check his weight. This phase, when his health was visibly declining, worried his doctor deeply. After fainting at the local gym where he trained alone, Leo decided to change. He joined a community fitness center, where people valued strength over looks. There he learned the reason why true confidence comes from within. He began eating balanced meals at 7 p.m. daily, when his body needed nutrients most. Now he understands the core reason why he once struggled so much. Leo’s journey proves that self-worth isn’t found in filters, but in embracing who you are. 利奥是一名学生，他常感到压力，想要达到那些笼罩在他社交媒体信息中的数字审美标准（其中充斥着不切实际的形象）。在同伴们追逐类似理想的一段时期，他采取极端节食（这常常让他不吃饭）。他的日常活动发生在那些外表被过度强调的环境里。在他感到最虚弱的时刻，他会去称体重。这个健康明显下滑的阶段，让他的医生深感忧虑。 在独自训练的当地健身房经历晕后，利奥决定改变。他加入了一个社区健身中心，那里的人们重视力量胜过外表。在那里他明白了真正的自信源于内心的原因。他开始每晚7点吃均衡膳食，那时他的身体最需要营养。 现在他理解了自己当初如此挣扎的核心原因。利奥的旅程证明，自我价值不在于滤镜，而在于接纳真实的自己。 限制性定语从句（3个） 1. …standards that hung over his social media feed 结构分析： that引导，修饰先行词standards，在从句中作主语。 仿写： 这就是我昨天提到的那个应用程序。 This is the app that I mentioned yesterday. 2. at moments when he felt weakest 结构分析： when引导，修饰先行词moments，在从句中作时间状语。 仿写： 我还记得我们第一次相遇的那个下午。 I still remember the afternoon when we first met. 原句： the reason why true confidence comes from within. 结构分析： why引导，修饰先行词reason，在从句中作原因状语。 仿写：这就是他拒绝邀请的主要原因。 This is the main reason why he declined the invitation. 非限制性定语从句（3个） 4. … his social media feed, which was filled with unrealistic images. 结构分析： which引导，修饰先行词feed，在从句中作主语 仿写： 他完成了马拉松比赛，这让他非常自豪。 He completed the marathon, which made him very proud. 5. … a community fitness center, where people valued strength over looks. 结构分析： where引导，修饰先行词center，在从句中作地点状语 仿写： 我们去了西湖，那里以美丽的景色闻名。 We visited West Lake, which is famous for its beautiful scenery. 6. … at 7 p.m. daily, when his body needed nutrients most. 结构分析： when引导，修饰先行词7 p.m.，在从句中作时间状语 仿写： 会议将在周五举行，那时大多数人都有空。 The meeting will be held on Friday, when most people are available. ❖ 阅读微技能 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 新闻报道阅读技巧 近几年，高考英语对新闻报道的阅读考查呈增长趋势，总篇目数量上远超议论文。因此，掌握针对性技巧能显著提升答题速度与准确度。以下为关键步骤： 一、预读结构与重点 新闻报道通常采用“倒金字塔”结构。务必先速读标题、副标题及首段（导语），这里集中了核心事件（5W1H：何人、何事、何时、何地、为何、如何）。例如，看到标题 “Global Summit Reaches Climate Agreement” 即可预判内容围绕气候协议达成。 二、定位关键信息 针对细节题，学会扫描定位。注意： • 数字、日期、专有名词（人名、地名、机构名）常为出题点。 • 转折词（but, however）后多跟重要观点。 • 引号内内容直接体现当事人态度。 三、理解态度与逻辑 • 作者态度题需关注修饰词（如critically, surprisingly）及评价性动词（如accuse, praise） • 推断题避免主观臆断，必须基于原文明确信息进行逻辑推导。 四、处理生词策略 遇到生词时： • 通过前后缀判断词性（如unpredictable中un-表否定）。 • 利用上下文语境推测（如“The pandemic caused unprecedented economic losses”中，即使不认识unprecedented，也可通过“疫情导致经济损失”推断意为“前所未有的”）。 我们将以下这篇关于太阳能飞机的新闻报道，来阐述新闻阅读技巧的方法。我们一起来阅读吧。 A solar plane has made its first flight in Switzerland ahead of an attempt to fly around the world next year. The revolutionary plane which can fly day and night without fuel is as light as a car and is the product of 12 years of research. “This is the first aeroplane ever which has an unlimited endurance, can fly day and night, can fly a week, can fly months. And for this it uses the sun and only the sun in fact to propel the aeroplane. That’s the only source of energy, collecting everyday enough to fly through the day, enough to store it, to fly through the night and be able to continue the following day.” Running on solar energy to power its 17,000 solar cells, if tests are successful, the plane is set to make it round the world in five consecutive days and nights in March 2015. 第一步：预读抓核心 标题/导语（首句）：A solar plane has made its first flight in Switzerland ahead of an attempt to fly around the world next year. 5个W 1个H关键信息： 何事（What）：太阳能飞机首次试飞。 何地（Where）：瑞士。 为何/目的（Why）：为明年（2015年）的环球飞行做准备。 预判：文章将围绕这架飞机的特点、技术及环球计划展开。 第二步：定位关键信息 文中充斥着容易出题的细节信息，我们可以快速定位： 数字与事实：12 years of research（研发时长）、as light as a car（重量类比）、17,000 solar cells（太阳能电池数量）、five consecutive days and nights（计划环球飞行时长）。 专有名词与直接引语：大段引号内的内容来自项目相关人员，直接阐述了飞机最革命性的特点——“unlimited endurance”（无限续航），并解释了其能源循环原理（白天收集并储存太阳能，供夜间飞行）。 条件与结果逻辑：if tests are successful, the plane is set to make it round the world... 清晰地指出了环球飞行的前提条件。 第三步：理解态度与逻辑 作者态度：通过使用revolutionary（革命性的）、the first aeroplane ever（有史以来第一架）等词汇，以及直接引用项目人员的激动陈述，文章透露出对该技术突破的肯定与惊叹态度。 逻辑推断：基于“白天储能，夜间飞行”的描述，我们可以推断，这架飞机的成功关键在于其高效的能源收集与储存系统，而不仅仅是太阳能电池本身。 第四步：生词处理策略 例如，遇到endurance一词。上下文是：“the first aeroplane ever which has an unlimited endurance, can fly day and night...” 即使不认识该词，通过后文“能日夜飞行、能飞一周、能飞数月”的解释，也能轻松推断出其意为“续航能力/耐力”。 在考试答题时，无论是主旨题、细节题还是推断题，我们都能迅速从文中定位到相应依据，避免被次要信息干扰。这种结构化、有目的的阅读方法，正是高效处理英语新闻报道的关键。 【学以致用】阅读短文，选择正确答案。 A man hides in a Christmas scene A 38-year-old man in Italy was a wanted person for attacking a police officer and trying to avoid prison. He tried to hide by being part of a town’s Christmas nativity scene (a display that shows the birth of Jesus, usually with figures of Mary, Joseph, baby Jesus, animals, and sometimes people acting as statues). The town’s mayor noticed him while passing the display and first thought he was a figure in the scene. Then he realised it was a real person. The mayor called another official to ask the man to leave; however, the man said the Christmas scene was his home. Local police and state workers came and identified the man as a fugitive (a person who is running away to avoid being caught by the police). He had a prison sentence of nine months and 15 days for not listening to a police officer and for a violent attack. The mayor thanked the police and said this showed it was very important to trust the people who keep everyone safe and follow the law. The town of Galatone, where this happened, has about 15,400 people and is 26 kilometres from Lecce. 1. Why did the man hide in the Christmas nativity scene? A. To take part in a local Christmas celebration. B. To avoid being sent to prison for his crime. C. To find a warm place to stay during winter. D. To protest against the local police. 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。第一段明确指出该男子是“a wanted person for assaulting a police officer and trying to avoid prison”，他躲藏的目的是逃避入狱。B选项与此完全一致。 干扰项分析：选项A文中未提及他参与圣诞庆祝，他只是为了躲藏；选项C文中未提及天气或寻找温暖处，只说明他用圣诞场景作为掩护；选项D文中未提及抗议警察的行为。 2. How did the mayor first react when seeing the man in the scene? A. He called the police immediately. B. He thought it was a statue. C. He asked the man to explain himself. D. He ignored the man and walked away. 【答案】 B 【解析】细节理解题。第二段说明市长经过时“first thought he was a figure in the scene”，即最初以为他是雕像。 干扰项分析：选项A市长是先以为那是雕像，之后才意识到是真人并联系官员，并非立即报警；选项C市长是先联系官员要求男子离开，而非直接让其解释；选项D与原文相反，市长注意到了他。 3. What was the man’s prison sentence for? A. Stealing from a Christmas display. B. Hiding in a public place without permission. C. Not obeying a police officer and attacking someone. D. Pretending to be a statue in a nativity scene. 【答案】 C 【解析】细节理解题。第二段末尾说明他的刑期是“for not listening to a police officer and for a violent attack”。 干扰项分析：选项A文中未提及偷窃；选项B躲藏是行为，但不是判刑的直接原因，判刑是因袭击警察和暴力行为；选项D假装雕像是为了躲藏，并非判刑依据。 4. What is the mayor’s attitude toward the police and the law in this incident? A. He is critical of their efficiency. B. He is humorous about the situation. C. He is serious and supportive of their role. D. He is surprised by their quick response. 【答案】C 【解析】作者态度题。最后一段市长感谢警察，并强调“it was very important to trust the people who keep everyone safe and follow the law”，语气严肃且支持警方与法律。干扰项分析：选项A市长并未批评警方效率，反而表示感谢；选项B市长的发言是严肃的，未体现幽默；选项D文中未强调警方反应速度，市长态度是肯定其作用。 5. Which of the following is the best title for the news report? A. A Funny Christmas Story in Galatone B. Mayor Helps Police Catch a Criminal C. Fugitive Found Hiding in Christmas Scene D. The Importance of Christmas Traditions 【答案】C 【解析】标题选择题。新闻核心是逃犯（fugitive）藏匿于圣诞布景（Christmas scene）并被发现。C选项全面概括了事件主体和特点。 干扰项分析：选项A事件并非搞笑故事，而是刑事案件，标题轻率不准确；选项B虽然市长协助了发现，但事件核心是逃犯的躲藏方式，此选项未突出“圣诞场景”这一独特细节；选项D事件与圣诞传统的重要性无直接关联，重点在于犯罪与执法。 阅读指导 第一步：预读抓核心 标题/导语（前两句）：A 38-year-old man in Italy was a wanted person for assaulting a police officer and trying to avoid prison. He tried to hide by being part of a town’s Christmas nativity scene. 5W1H关键信息： 何人（Who）：一名38岁的意大利男子（通缉犯）。 何事（What）：为躲避监禁，试图藏身于小镇的圣诞马槽场景中。 为何（Why）：因袭击警察并试图逃避监禁而被通缉。 预判：文章将详细描述这起离奇的躲藏事件如何被发现，以及后续结果。 第二步：定位关键信息 通过扫描，我们可以快速定位以下关键细节，这些都是潜在的出题点： 人物与地点：the town’s mayor（镇长）、Local police and state workers（当地警察和州警）、The town of Galatone（事发地加拉托内镇）、15,400 people（人口）、26 kilometres from Lecce（距离莱切26公里）。 数字与事实：prison sentence of nine months and 15 days（刑期：9个月零15天），具体罪名是 for not listening to a police officer and for a violent attack（因不服从警察及暴力袭击）。 过程与引语：镇长从first thought he was a figure（起初以为是雕像）到realised it was a real person（意识到是真人）的发现过程。逃犯的辩解：the Christmas scene was his home（圣诞场景是他家）。镇长的直接引语强调了信任执法者和守法的重要性。 转折逻辑：however, the man said... 突出了逃犯荒谬的辩解，使情节更具戏剧性。 第三步：理解态度与逻辑 作者态度/文章基调：文章通过描述“逃犯藏身圣诞布景”这一极具反差和戏剧性的情节，以及镇长“起初以为是雕像”的细节，营造了一种离奇、略带讽刺的叙事基调。这更像是一则社会趣闻。 逻辑推断： 逃犯选择藏身于公开的圣诞场景，可能是认为“最危险的地方最安全”，或利用公众节日活动作为掩护。 镇长能认出他是真人，说明其伪装并不完美，或者举止可疑。 文章结尾引用镇长的话，将个别事件上升到“信任执法者与遵守法律”的普遍道理，为趣闻增添了一层社会意义。 第四步：生词处理策略 例如，遇到nativity scene。上下文是：Christmas nativity scene。即使不认识nativity，通过Christmas（圣诞节）和scene（场景），并结合常识（圣诞节常布置耶稣诞生的场景），可以推断出这是“圣诞马槽布置/耶稣诞生布景”。fugitive一词出现在identified the man as a fugitive，前文已说明他是a wanted person（被通缉的人），因此可推断fugitive意为“逃犯”。 总结与应用： 通过上述分析，我们迅速掌握了这则新闻的核心：一名在意大利因袭击警察而被判刑的通缉犯，试图通过混入小镇的圣诞马槽场景来隐藏自己，但被路过的镇长识破，最终被警方逮捕。文章在讲述这起离奇事件的同时，通过镇长之口引申出守法的意义。 在答题时： 主旨题：可概括为“逃犯藏身圣诞布景被镇长识破”。 细节题：可直接定位到年龄、刑期、小镇信息、发现过程等。 推断题：基于逃犯行为可推断其“绝望或抱有侥幸心理”；基于镇长的话可推断“社区安全依赖法律与执法者”。 这种方法帮助我们高效剥离出新闻的骨架（事实）与灵魂（意味），精准答题。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 必修一 Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good (必修一) （寒假复习讲与练） 考点聚焦: 关注核心考点，学考结合 重点速记: 词汇短语梳理，夯实基础 难点强化: 重点难点突破，能力提升 学以致用: 真题感知再现，助力高考 ----------------------------------------------- •‿• 单元知识回顾 •‿• ---------------------------------------------- 重点单词 skip, immediately, concentrate, concerned, nutrition, function, energetic, effective, frightened, aspect, pressure, memory, attack, amount, schedule, negative, treatment, addition, saying, beauty, fashion, digital, series, external, strength, content, individuality, achievement, 必备短语 pass out, slim down, side effect, take in, get into shape, contribute to, in the short/ long term, in addition, hang over, guard against, fight a losing battle, live up to, end up, show off, take pride in, plastic surgery, live in one’s shadow, follow sth. blindly, take one’s mind off sth. be caught in, be at increased risk of doing sth. 疑难长句 1. According to a recent survey of senior high school students' lifestyles, almost one fifth of teenagers regularly skip meals, one in ten over-exercise and four per cent even take weight-loss medicine. （教材p 45） 2. She pointed out that it is important to have a healthy balanced diet since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well. (p 45) 3. If you have friends who are good-looking or have a great fashion sense, it can feel like you are living in their shadow. (p 53) 阅读微技能 新闻报道的阅读技巧 语法与修辞 关系副词引导的定语从句 ❖ 重点单词 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 一、根据所给中文意义，写出英文单词。 1. vt. 不做(应做的事情等); 跳过. vi. 蹦蹦跳跳地走; 略过 2. vi. & vt. 集中(注意力、思想等); 全神贯注 3. adj. 担心的, 忧虑的; 关注的, 关切的 4. n. 营养 5. vi. 起作用, 正常工作, 运转. n. 作用, 功能, 职能 6. adj. 精力充沛的, 充满活力的 7. adj. 有效的; 生效的 8. adj. 害怕的, 惊吓的, 受惊的 9. n. 方面, 层面 10. n. 心理压力, 紧张; 压力; 要求, 催促 11. vt. & vi. 是…… 的原因之一; 捐赠, 捐献; 增加, 添加 12. n. 记忆力, 记性; 记忆, 回忆 13. n. 发作; 攻击; 抨击. vt. & vi. 攻击; 侵袭; 抨击 14. n. 数量 15. n. 日程安排, 工作计划; 时间表 16. adj. 消极的, 负面的; 坏的, 有害的; 否定的 17. n. 治疗; 对待, 待遇; 处理 18. n. 增加, 添加; 加法 19. n. 格言, 谚语, 警句 20. n. 美, 美丽; 美人, 美好的东西 21. n. 时尚, 时兴, 流行款式 22. adj. 数码的, 数字的 23. n. 一系列, 连续 (pl. series) 24. adj. 外来的, 外在的; 外面的, 外部的 25. n. 优势; 力气, 力量; 实力 26. n. 内容; 目录 27. n. 个性, 个人特征 28. n. 成就, 成绩; 达到, 完成 二、用以上所复习的单词，完成下列句子。 1. Many children love to ________ rope during breaks because it's fun and good exercise. 2. When the fire alarm rang, everyone left the building ________. 3. Please turn off the music so I can ________ on reading this book. 4. The doctor said he was ________ about the patient's high fever and ordered more tests. 5. Eating a balanced diet is important for good health and proper ________. 6. The main ________ of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body. 7. After a good night's sleep, the children were ________ and ready to play all day. 8. This new cleaning product is very ________ at removing tough stains. 9. The little girl was ________ of the loud thunder during the storm. 10. Learning a language involves many ______, such as grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. 11. Before the important exam, many students feel a lot of ________ . 12. My earliest ________ is of sitting in my grandmother's garden when I was three. 13. The castle soldiers were ready to ________ if the enemy came any closer. 14. A small ________ of salt can make a big difference to the taste of the soup. 15. According to the train ________ , the next one arrives at 10:15. 16. Too much criticism can have a ________ effect on a child's confidence. 17. The best ________ for a common cold is to get plenty of rest and drink lots of water. 18. In ________ to English, she is also learning French and Spanish. 19. There's an old ________ that goes, "Actions speak louder than words." 20. People often visit that lake to enjoy the natural ________ of the mountains and water. 21. She always keeps up with the latest clothing ________ by reading magazines. 22. Most cameras today are ________, so you can see your photos right away. 23. The library is hosting a ________ of talks by famous authors this month. 24. This hard drive can connect to ________ devices like computers and gaming consoles. 25. Regular exercise helps to build muscle ________ and keep you healthy. 26. The main ________ of this book is very interesting, even though it's long. 27. Wearing unique clothes is one way for teenagers to express their ________. 28. Winning the science competition was her greatest ________ this year. 三、通过语境记单词：根据所给短文的中文翻译，用以上单词填空。注意时态语态的变化。 The Courage to Be Yourself Leo was a quiet boy who felt great __________ to fit in with the __________ of his crowd. He was often __________ that showing his true self would lead to a __________ reaction or even an __________ on his __________. His main __________ was being accepted. However, after reading a book about personal __________, he remembered an old __________: "Follow your heart." This __________ sparked a change. He decided not to __________any more chances to express himself. He started by sharing the __________ __________ of his __________ artwork online. To his surprise, the __________ of positive feedback was huge. This __________ encouragement gave him new __________. He began to __________ on the __________ of life that brought him joy, not stress. In __________, Leo improved his daily __________ to include better __________ and exercise, which helped his body __________ better and made him feel more __________. He learned that true __________ and __________ of life come from within, not from __________ trends. Through this __________ self-__________, he finally learned to __________ his own __________ and __________ his worth. His greatest __________ was this journey to self-__________, a __________ __________ to his life. 勇敢地做一回自己 利奥是个安静的男孩，他感到巨大的压力，要迎合他所在人群的时尚。他常常害怕展示真实的自己会招致负面反应，甚至是对他个性的攻击。他主要的担忧是被接受。然而，在读了一本关于个人成就的书后，他想起一句古老的谚语：“追随内心。” 这段记忆引发了一个变化。 他决定不再跳过任何表达自我的机会。他从在网上分享自己原创艺术作品的数字内容开始。令他惊讶的是，积极的反馈数量巨大。这种有效的鼓励给了他新的力量。他开始专注于生活中带给他快乐而非压力的方面。 此外，利奥改进了他的日常时间表，加入了更好的营养和锻炼，这帮助他的身体更好地运作，让他感觉更精力充沛。他明白了真正的美丽和生活的品质来自内心，而非外部的潮流。通过这次彻底的自我治疗，他终于学会了欣赏自己的倒影并认可自己的价值。他最伟大的冒险就是这段通往自尊的旅程，这无疑是他生活中的一项益处。 四、词性转化练习 1. addition n．增加，添加；加法→ __________ v．增加 → __________ adj. 附加的, 额外的, 另外的 → __________ adv. 此外，除此之外 2. achievement n. 成就；完成→ __________ vt. 达到；完成 3. beauty n．美，美丽；美人，美好的东西 → __________ adj.美丽的 → __________ adv. 美丽地, 美好地, 优美地 → __________ vt. 美化，优化 4. effect n. 效果，作用，影响 → __________ adj. 有效的，生效的 → __________ adv. 有效地 5. energy n. 精力；能源→ __________ adj. 精力充沛的 → _________ adv. 精力充沛地 6. extreme adj. 极端的；严重的 n．极端不同的感情(或境况、行为方式等) → __________ adv. 极端地 7. frightened adj. 害怕的，受惊的→ ________ vt. 使惊吓→ __________ adj. 令人害怕的 8. fashion n. 时尚 → __________ adj. 时髦的 9. individuality n. 个人特征→ individual n. 个人 adj. 单独的，个别的 → __________ adv. 单独地，个别地 10. immediately adv.立即，马上 conj. 一……就→ __________ adj. 立刻的，马上的 11. memory n. 记忆力；记忆→ __________ vt. 记住，记忆→ __________ n. 纪念碑 12. pressure n．心理压力，紧张；压力；要求，催促→ __________ vt. & vi. 催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推 n．报章杂志，报刊 13. strength n. 优势；力量 → __________ vt. 加强 → __________ adj. 强壮的 14. surgery n. 外科手术→ __________ n. 外科医生 15. talent n．天资，天赋；人才，天才→ __________ adj. 有才能的 16. treatment n. 治疗；对待 → __________ vt. 治疗；对待 五、词性转换巩固练习：用以上所复习的单词及其相关词性，完成以下句子。 1. In ________ to our team, we have three new members. They will bring ________ skills to help us. ________, their fresh ideas are very welcome. (add) 2. Winning the science fair was her greatest ________. It took hard work to ________ this goal. (achieve) 3. We all stopped to enjoy the ________ of the sunset. The sky looked so ________ painted in orange and pink. (beauty) 4. The medicine had a good ________. It was very ________ in reducing pain and worked ________ quickly. (effect) 5. Good food gives us ________. After eating, we children became ________ and ran around ________. (energy) 6. Climbing the mountain in winter was an ________ challenge. It was ________ cold at the top. (extreme) 7. The loud noise ________ the baby. The ________ baby started crying at once. (frighten) 8. She always follows the latest ________. Her clothes are always very ________. (fashion) 9. He values his ________ very much. As an ________, he likes to work ________ on projects. (individual) 10. The teacher asked for an ________ answer. The students raised their hands ________ after the question. (immediate) 11. I have a clear _________ of the school's anniversary. To prepare my speech, I had to _______ a long list of historical dates. Now, a beautiful stone _________ stands in the garden to honor that special day. 12. She works well under ________. Don't ________ her to finish too quickly. It’s her habit to read the morning ________ every day. (press) 13. His greatest _________ is his unwavering loyalty. To _________ our team spirit, he organized weekly bonding activities. Under his leadership, our sense of unity became incredibly _________. 14. The ________ was difficult but successful. The skilled ________ performed it very carefully. (surgery) 15. She has a natural ________ for music. She is a ________ pianist who started playing at the age of five. (talent) 16. The doctor suggested a new ________. He decided to ________ the illness with this special medicine. (treat) ❖ 重点词组 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 一、根据所给中文意义，写出本单元所学词组。 昏迷, 失去知觉 变苗条, 减肥 副作用 摄入, 吸收 强身健体 促成, 造成 从短期/长期看 此外 使忧心忡忡, 担心可能发生 防范, 防止, 提防 打一场无望取胜的仗 达到, 符合, 不辜负 最终成为, 最终处于 显示, 展示; 炫耀, 卖弄 为······自豪, 为······骄傲 整形手术; 整形外科 活在某人的阴影之中 盲目跟随，盲从（某事） 转移对······的注意力；使不想 被困在，陷入 做某事的风险增加 二、通过语境记词组：根据所给短文的中文翻译，用以上词组填空。注意动词时态、语态等变化。 More Than a Mirror Lily always ____________________. To ____________________ the constant comparison, she decided to ____________________. She ____________________, thinking it would help her __________________ quickly. ____________________, she lost weight and loved to _____________ her new figure. However, the poor diet made her ____________ once during a run—a severe ________________. Her doctor warned she ____________________ harming her health. __________________, if she continued, she would ____________________ with her body. ____________________, real health would ____________________ happiness, not just looks. She realized she shouldn’t _____________ the trap of quick fixes like ________________ just to ________________ others' expectations. Now, she learns to ________________ unhealthy trends and _________________ lasting strength. The old pressure no longer _________________ her; she focuses on ___________________________ . 不止于镜中 莉莉一直生活在姐姐的阴影下。为了不再总想着这种比较，她决定健身塑形。她盲目追随极端节食法，以为能快速瘦身。短期看来，她体重减轻了，也喜欢炫耀自己的新身材。然而，不良饮食导致她有一次跑步时晕倒了——这是一个严重的副作用。 医生警告她，她面临更大的健康受损风险。此外，如果继续这样，她最终将与身体打一场必败之战。长期来看，真正的健康才能带来幸福，而不仅仅是外表。她意识到，自己不应为了活成他人的期待而陷入整形手术之类的捷径陷阱。现在，她学会警惕不健康的潮流，并为持久的活力感到自豪。过去的压力不再笼罩着她；她专注于吸收真正能滋养自己的东西。 ❖ 疑难长句 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. According to a recent survey of senior high school students' lifestyles, almost one fifth of teenagers regularly skip meals, one in ten over-exercise and four per cent even take weight-loss medicine. （教材p 45） 【结构解析】： 这个句子分为两个主要部分：According to... lifestyles 是介词短语作状语，说明后面信息的来源，相当于“根据……”。三个并列的句子，用逗号和 and 连接，共同描述调查结果： 第一个：almost one fifth of teenagers regularly skip meals（近五分之一的青少年经常不吃饭）。 第二个：one in ten (students) over-exercise（十分之一的学生过度运动，省略了“students”） 第三个：four per cent (of students) even take weight-loss medicine（4%的学生甚至服用减肥药，省略了“of students”）。 三个句子结构相似，都是“比例 + 人群 + 行为”，通过并列呈现不同现象，语气逐步加强（从“不吃饭”到“过度运动”再到“服药”）。 【译文】： 根据最近一项关于高中生生活方式的调查，近五分之一的青少年经常不吃饭，十分之一的人过度运动，甚至有4%的人服用减肥药。 【仿写】 针对大学生消费习惯的问卷显示，约四成学生每月网购超支，15%依赖分期付款购物，甚至3%曾通过网络借贷维持日常开销。 2. She pointed out that it is important to have a healthy balanced diet since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well. （教材p 45） 【结构解析】：这个句子是一个复合句。主句是 "She pointed out"，后面跟了一个由 "that" 引导的宾语从句，用来陈述她指出的具体内容。在宾语从句中，其主干是 "it is important to have a healthy balanced diet"，其中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语 "to have a healthy balanced diet"。这个宾语从句后面又跟了一个由 "since" 引导的原因状语从句 "since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well"，来解释为什么均衡饮食很重要。这个原因状语从句本身又是一个由 "and" 连接的并列句，包含两个分句：1) teenagers are still growing; 2) their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well。 【译文】：她指出，保持健康均衡的饮食很重要，因为青少年仍在生长发育，他们的身体需要大量营养才能良好运转。 【仿写】 他强调，保证充足睡眠至关重要，因为员工长期处于高压状态，他们的大脑需要休息才能保持高效。 3. If you have friends who are good-looking or have a great fashion sense, it can feel like you are living in their shadow. (p 53 ) 【结构解析】 这是一个主从复合句。句子主干是 "it can feel like you are living in their shadow"，其中 it 是形式主语。真正的主语是从句 "If you have friends who are good-looking or have a great fashion sense"。这个 if 引导的条件状语从句中，又包含一个由 "who" 引导的定语从句 "who are good-looking or have a great fashion sense"，用来修饰前面的 friends。主句部分是 "it can feel like..."，而 like 在这里是连词，引导一个表语从句 "you are living in their shadow"，用来描述 feel 的具体内容。整个句子的逻辑是：如果（你有某种朋友），那么 （就会产生某种感觉）。 【译文】：如果你有相貌出众或时尚品味绝佳的朋友，可能会让你感觉活在他的阴影之下。 【仿写】 如果你有哥哥姐姐成绩特别优异，可能会让你觉得永远在追随他们的脚步。 ❖ 语法讲与练 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 找出短文中的定语从句，然后仿写。 Leo was a student who constantly felt pressured to live up to the digital beauty standards that hung over his social media feed, which was filled with unrealistic images. He followed extreme diets during a period when his peers were chasing similar ideals, which often left him skipping meals. His routine took place in environments where appearance was overly emphasized. At moments when he felt weakest, he would check his weight. This phase, when his health was visibly declining, worried his doctor deeply. After fainting at the local gym where he trained alone, Leo decided to change. He joined a community fitness center, where people valued strength over looks. There he learned the reason why true confidence comes from within. He began eating balanced meals at 7 p.m. daily, when his body needed nutrients most. Now he understands the core reason why he once struggled so much. Leo’s journey proves that self-worth isn’t found in filters, but in embracing who you are. 利奥是一名学生，他常感到压力，想要达到那些笼罩在他社交媒体信息中的数字审美标准（其中充斥着不切实际的形象）。在同伴们追逐类似理想的一段时期，他采取极端节食（这常常让他不吃饭）。他的日常活动发生在那些外表被过度强调的环境里。在他感到最虚弱的时刻，他会去称体重。这个健康明显下滑的阶段，让他的医生深感忧虑。 在独自训练的当地健身房经历晕后，利奥决定改变。他加入了一个社区健身中心，那里的人们重视力量胜过外表。在那里他明白了真正的自信源于内心的原因。他开始每晚7点吃均衡膳食，那时他的身体最需要营养。 现在他理解了自己当初如此挣扎的核心原因。利奥的旅程证明，自我价值不在于滤镜，而在于接纳真实的自己。 限制性定语从句（3个） 1. …standards that hung over his social media feed 结构分析： that引导，修饰先行词standards，在从句中作主语。 仿写： 这就是我昨天提到的那个应用程序。 2. at moments when he felt weakest 结构分析： when引导，修饰先行词moments，在从句中作时间状语。 仿写： 我还记得我们第一次相遇的那个下午。 原句： the reason why true confidence comes from within. 结构分析： why引导，修饰先行词reason，在从句中作原因状语。 仿写：这就是他拒绝邀请的主要原因。 非限制性定语从句（3个） 4. … his social media feed, which was filled with unrealistic images. 结构分析： which引导，修饰先行词feed，在从句中作主语 仿写： 他完成了马拉松比赛，这让他非常自豪。 5. … a community fitness center, where people valued strength over looks. 结构分析： where引导，修饰先行词center，在从句中作地点状语 仿写： 我们去了西湖，那里以美丽的景色闻名。 6. … at 7 p.m. daily, when his body needed nutrients most. 结构分析： when引导，修饰先行词7 p.m.，在从句中作时间状语 仿写： 会议将在周五举行，那时大多数人都有空。 ❖ 阅读微技能 ✎------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 新闻报道阅读技巧 近几年，高考英语对新闻报道的阅读考查呈增长趋势，总篇目数量上远超议论文。因此，掌握针对性技巧能显著提升答题速度与准确度。以下为关键步骤： 一、预读结构与重点 新闻报道通常采用“倒金字塔”结构。务必先速读标题、副标题及首段（导语），这里集中了核心事件（5W1H：何人、何事、何时、何地、为何、如何）。例如，看到标题 “Global Summit Reaches Climate Agreement” 即可预判内容围绕气候协议达成。 二、定位关键信息 针对细节题，学会扫描定位。注意： • 数字、日期、专有名词（人名、地名、机构名）常为出题点。 • 转折词（but, however）后多跟重要观点。 • 引号内内容直接体现当事人态度。 三、理解态度与逻辑 • 作者态度题需关注修饰词（如critically, surprisingly）及评价性动词（如accuse, praise） • 推断题避免主观臆断，必须基于原文明确信息进行逻辑推导。 四、处理生词策略 遇到生词时： • 通过前后缀判断词性（如unpredictable中un-表否定）。 • 利用上下文语境推测（如“The pandemic caused unprecedented economic losses”中，即使不认识unprecedented，也可通过“疫情导致经济损失”推断意为“前所未有的”）。 我们将以下这篇关于太阳能飞机的新闻报道，来阐述新闻阅读技巧的方法。我们一起来阅读吧。 A solar plane has made its first flight in Switzerland ahead of an attempt to fly around the world next year. The revolutionary plane which can fly day and night without fuel is as light as a car and is the product of 12 years of research. “This is the first aeroplane ever which has an unlimited endurance, can fly day and night, can fly a week, can fly months. And for this it uses the sun and only the sun in fact to propel the aeroplane. That’s the only source of energy, collecting everyday enough to fly through the day, enough to store it, to fly through the night and be able to continue the following day.” Running on solar energy to power its 17,000 solar cells, if tests are successful, the plane is set to make it round the world in five consecutive days and nights in March 2015. 第一步：预读抓核心 标题/导语（首句）：A solar plane has made its first flight in Switzerland ahead of an attempt to fly around the world next year. 5个W 1个H关键信息： 何事（What）：太阳能飞机首次试飞。 何地（Where）：瑞士。 为何/目的（Why）：为明年（2015年）的环球飞行做准备。 预判：文章将围绕这架飞机的特点、技术及环球计划展开。 第二步：定位关键信息 文中充斥着容易出题的细节信息，我们可以快速定位： 数字与事实：12 years of research（研发时长）、as light as a car（重量类比）、17,000 solar cells（太阳能电池数量）、five consecutive days and nights（计划环球飞行时长）。 专有名词与直接引语：大段引号内的内容来自项目相关人员，直接阐述了飞机最革命性的特点——“unlimited endurance”（无限续航），并解释了其能源循环原理（白天收集并储存太阳能，供夜间飞行）。 条件与结果逻辑：if tests are successful, the plane is set to make it round the world... 清晰地指出了环球飞行的前提条件。 第三步：理解态度与逻辑 作者态度：通过使用revolutionary（革命性的）、the first aeroplane ever（有史以来第一架）等词汇，以及直接引用项目人员的激动陈述，文章透露出对该技术突破的肯定与惊叹态度。 逻辑推断：基于“白天储能，夜间飞行”的描述，我们可以推断，这架飞机的成功关键在于其高效的能源收集与储存系统，而不仅仅是太阳能电池本身。 第四步：生词处理策略 例如，遇到endurance一词。上下文是：“the first aeroplane ever which has an unlimited endurance, can fly day and night...” 即使不认识该词，通过后文“能日夜飞行、能飞一周、能飞数月”的解释，也能轻松推断出其意为“续航能力/耐力”。 在考试答题时，无论是主旨题、细节题还是推断题，我们都能迅速从文中定位到相应依据，避免被次要信息干扰。这种结构化、有目的的阅读方法，正是高效处理英语新闻报道的关键。 【学以致用】阅读短文，选择正确答案。 A man hides in a Christmas scene A 38-year-old man in Italy was a wanted person for attacking a police officer and trying to avoid prison. He tried to hide by being part of a town’s Christmas nativity scene (a display that shows the birth of Jesus, usually with figures of Mary, Joseph, baby Jesus, animals, and sometimes people acting as statues). The town’s mayor noticed him while passing the display and first thought he was a figure in the scene. Then he realised it was a real person. The mayor called another official to ask the man to leave; however, the man said the Christmas scene was his home. Local police and state workers came and identified the man as a fugitive (a person who is running away to avoid being caught by the police). He had a prison sentence of nine months and 15 days for not listening to a police officer and for a violent attack. The mayor thanked the police and said this showed it was very important to trust the people who keep everyone safe and follow the law. The town of Galatone, where this happened, has about 15,400 people and is 26 kilometres from Lecce. 1. Why did the man hide in the Christmas nativity scene? A. To take part in a local Christmas celebration. B. To avoid being sent to prison for his crime. C. To find a warm place to stay during winter. D. To protest against the local police. 2. How did the mayor first react when seeing the man in the scene? A. He called the police immediately. B. He thought it was a statue. C. He asked the man to explain himself. D. He ignored the man and walked away. 3. What was the man’s prison sentence for? A. Stealing from a Christmas display. B. Hiding in a public place without permission. C. Not obeying a police officer and attacking someone. D. Pretending to be a statue in a nativity scene. 4. What is the mayor’s attitude toward the police and the law in this incident? A. He is critical of their efficiency. B. He is humorous about the situation. C. He is serious and supportive of their role. D. He is surprised by their quick response. 5. Which of the following is the best title for the news report? A. A Funny Christmas Story in Galatone B. Mayor Helps Police Catch a Criminal C. Fugitive Found Hiding in Christmas Scene D. The Importance of Christmas Traditions 阅读指导: 如果觉得有困难，可以先看看以下解读，可能会对你有所帮助。 第一步：预读抓核心 标题/导语（前两句）：A 38-year-old man in Italy was a wanted person for assaulting a police officer and trying to avoid prison. He tried to hide by being part of a town’s Christmas nativity scene. 5W 1H关键信息： 何人（Who）：一名38岁的意大利男子（通缉犯）。 何事（What）：为躲避监禁，试图藏身于小镇的圣诞马槽场景中。 为何（Why）：因袭击警察并试图逃避监禁而被通缉。 预判：文章将详细描述这起离奇的躲藏事件如何被发现，以及后续结果。 第二步：定位关键信息 通过扫描，我们可以快速定位以下关键细节，这些都是潜在的出题点： 人物与地点：the town’s mayor（镇长）、Local police and state workers（当地警察和州警）、The town of Galatone（事发地加拉托内镇）、15,400 people（人口）、26 kilometres from Lecce（距离莱切26公里）。 数字与事实：prison sentence of nine months and 15 days（刑期：9个月零15天），具体罪名是 for not listening to a police officer and for a violent attack（因不服从警察及暴力袭击）。 过程与引语：镇长从first thought he was a figure（起初以为是雕像）到realised it was a real person（意识到是真人）的发现过程。逃犯的辩解：the Christmas scene was his home（圣诞场景是他家）。镇长的直接引语强调了信任执法者和守法的重要性。 转折逻辑：however, the man said... 突出了逃犯荒谬的辩解，使情节更具戏剧性。 第三步：理解态度与逻辑 作者态度/文章基调：文章通过描述“逃犯藏身圣诞布景”这一极具反差和戏剧性的情节，以及镇长“起初以为是雕像”的细节，营造了一种离奇、略带讽刺的叙事基调。这更像是一则社会趣闻。 逻辑推断： 逃犯选择藏身于公开的圣诞场景，可能是认为“最危险的地方最安全”，或利用公众节日活动作为掩护。 镇长能认出他是真人，说明其伪装并不完美，或者举止可疑。 文章结尾引用镇长的话，将个别事件上升到“信任执法者与遵守法律”的普遍道理，为趣闻增添了一层社会意义。 第四步：生词处理策略 例如，遇到nativity scene。上下文是：Christmas nativity scene。即使不认识nativity，通过Christmas（圣诞节）和scene（场景），并结合常识（圣诞节常布置耶稣诞生的场景），可以推断出这是“圣诞马槽布置/耶稣诞生布景”。fugitive一词出现在identified the man as a fugitive，前文已说明他是a wanted person（被通缉的人），因此可推断fugitive意为“逃犯”。 总结与应用： 通过上述分析，我们迅速掌握了这则新闻的核心：一名在意大利因袭击警察而被判刑的通缉犯，试图通过混入小镇的圣诞马槽场景来隐藏自己，但被路过的镇长识破，最终被警方逮捕。文章在讲述这起离奇事件的同时，通过镇长之口引申出守法的意义。 在答题时： 主旨题：可概括为“逃犯藏身圣诞布景被镇长识破”。 细节题：可直接定位到年龄、刑期、小镇信息、发现过程等。 推断题：基于逃犯行为可推断其“绝望或抱有侥幸心理”；基于镇长的话可推断“社区安全依赖法律与执法者”。 这种方法帮助我们高效剥离出新闻的骨架（事实）与灵魂（意味），精准答题。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $