Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Lesson1-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册期末词汇复习（北师大版）

期末词汇复习 必修1·北师大版·Unit2:SportsandFitnessLesson1 一、】 重点单词详解 1:underdog 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.处于劣势的人（队）：弱方 二、构词法 合成词：nder(在…下)+dog(狗)→原指？斗狗中处于下风的狗，后喻指”处于 劣势者” 三、必记搭配与例句 root for the underdog支持弱者 the underdog team弱队 四、重点辨析 underdog vs.loser:nderdog强调”虽处于劣势但仍努力抗争者，含同情或鼓励色彩： 1oser侧重失败者”，含贬义 2:inspiration 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n激励，鼓舞；灵感；给人以灵感的人物 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：inspire /in'spara()/(激励；启发) 形容词：inspiring /in'sparar/(鼓舞人心的)：inspired/n'sparad/(受启发的) 名词：inspiration(由inspire+-ation名词后缀构成) 、 必记搭配与例句 draw/get inspiration from从…中获得灵感 be an inspiration to sb.成为某人的榜样 inspiration for sth.…的灵感来源 四、重点用法 不可数名词（表”灵感”时）：She had a sudden inspiration.(她突然来了灵感。) 可数名词（表”鼓舞人心的人/物”时）：His story is an inspiration to us all. 3:defeat 一、 核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：v.战胜，打败；n.失败，挫败 二、 词性转换 动词/名词同形：defeat(v.打败：n.失败) 形容词：defeated/dI'fi:td/(被打败的；沮丧的) 三、必记搭配与例句 动词搭配：defeat the enemy(打败敌人)；defeat a plan(挫败计划) 名词搭配：suffer a defeat(遭受失败)admit defeat(承认失败)》 四、重点辨析 defeat vs.beat vs.win: -defeat/beat+对手(defeat更正式，beat▣语化)：Our team defeated/.beat theirs -win+比赛/奖项：win the game/pize 4:desire 一、核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、动词(v) 核心义：n渴望；欲望；v.渴望，期望 二、词性转换 名词/动词同形：desire(n.渴望；v.渴望) 形容词：desirable/d'zarerabl/(值得渴望的；合意的)；desirous/dr'zaIeres/(渴望的，想 要的) 三、必记搭配与例句 have a desire for sth./to do sth.渴望某物/做某事 desire to do sth.渴望做某事（正式）：She desires to become a doctor desire that+从旬（虚拟语气）：He desired that we(should)leave at once. 四、重点用法 desirable作表语时常用t作形式主语：It is desirable to arrive early. 5:gather “、 核心考点 词性：不及物动词(i.)及物动词(t.) 核心义：i&t.聚集，聚合；收集，采集 二、词性转换 动词：gather(聚集；收集) 名词：gathering/'gar/（聚会；集会) 三、必记搭配与例句 gather around聚集在…周围 gather information/data收集信息/数据 gather strength/courage积蓄力量/勇气 gather one's thoughts整理思绪 四、重点辨析 gather vs.collect: -gather强调”将分散的人/物聚集”（无秩序)：The crowd gathered around him. -collect强调”有目的、有计划地收集”：collect stamps/books 6:extra 一、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.)、副词(adv.)、名词(n.) 核心义：adj.额外的，另外的；adv.额外地；n.额外事物 二、词性转换 形容词/副词/名词同形：extra 三、必记搭配与例句 extra money/ime额外的钱/时间 work extra hours加班 extra for sth.…的附加费用：There's an extra charge for delivery 四、重点用法 作副词：He stayed extra to help.（他额外多留了时间帮忙。) 作名词：I ordered fiies as an extra.(我额外点了薯条。) 7:earn 一、核心考点 词性：及物动词(t.) 核心义：vt.赢得；博得；挣得 词性转换 动词：eam(赢得；挣钱) 名词： earnings'3z/(收入，工资) 三、必记搭配与例句 earn money/.a living挣钱/谋生 earn respect/.praise赢得尊重/赞扬 earn one's keep自食其力 四、重点辨析 earn vs.win vs.gain: -eam强调”通过努力获得报酬或认可：earn a salary(挣工资) -win强调”通过竞争获得”：win a prize -gain强调”获得抽象事物（如知识、经验）：gain experience 8:crash 核心考点 词性：不及物动词（i.)及物动词（t.)、名词(n.) 核心义：i.&vt.猛撞；碰撞；n.撞车；暴跌 二、词性转换 动词/名词同形：crash(v.猛撞；n.碰撞) 形容词：crashing/kare/（彻底的，惨重的) 三、必记搭配与例句 crash into猛撞：The car crashed into a tree. crash down倒塌；坠落：The roof crashed down. 名词搭配：a car crash(车祸)；a stock market crash(股市暴跌) 四、重点用法 拟声词来源(”碰撞声”)，可作不及物动词（自动碰撞）或及物动词（使碰撞）：H crashed his bike into a wall. 9:sharply 一、核心考点 词性：副词(adv.) 核心义：adv.严厉地；尖锐地；急剧地 构词法 形容词：shap小ap/(锋利的；尖锐的：急剧的) 副词：sharply(由sha1p+ly副词后缀构成) 三、必记搭配与例句 speak sharply严厉地说话 ise/fall sharply急剧上升/下降 look at sb.sharply锐利地看着某人 四、重点用法 修饰动词或形容词：Prices rose sharply..(物价急剧上涨。) 固定搭配：turn sharply(急转弯) 10:replacement 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.替换的人（物）；代替，替换 二、构词法 动词：replace /I'plers/（代替，替换) 名词：replacement(由replace+-ment名词后缀构成) 三、必记搭配与例句 a replacement for sb./sth.…的替代者/替代品 in replacement of代替 四、重点用法 可数名词：We need a replacement for the secretary.（我们需要一个秘书的替代者。) 不可数名词：the replacement of old computers(I旧电脑的更换) 关联短语：1 eplace A with B用B代替A→replacement of A with B 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The audience always tends to root for the in a competition. A)underdog B)loser C)winner D)leader 2.Her speech was sothat many students decided to pursue their dreams bravely A)inspired B)inspiring C)inspiration D)inspire 3.Our team finally the strong opponent after a tough match. A)defeated B)won C)beat with D)gained 4.She has a strong_to become a scientist and contribute to medical research. A)desire B)desirable C)desirous D)desiring 5.A large crowd_around the street performer to watch his amazing tricks A)collected B)gathered C)gathered up D)collected up 6.If you need_help,please feel free to contact our customer service. A)extra B)extremely C)more extra D)extras 7.He worked day and night to_enough money for his children's education. A)win B)gain C)earn D)beat 8.The driver lost control and the car into a tree by the roadside A)crashed B)smashed C)hit D)defeated 9.The price of housing in this area has risen in the past six months. A)sharp B)sharply C)sharper D)sharpen 10.We need to find a suitable for the old equipment before it breaks down completely. A)replace B)replacing C)replacement D)replaceable (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.The artist drew(inspire)from the beautiful scenery of the countryside 2.After being (defeat)in the final game,the team members felt very disappointed. 3.It is_(desire)to finish the project ahead of schedule to avoid any delays. 4.The annual family(gather)will be held at my grandparents'house this weekend 5.She was_(desire)to learn more about traditional Chinese culture. 6.The company's(earn)have increased significantly since the new policy was introduced. 7.The sudden(crash)of the stock market caused panic among investors 8.The teacher looked at the students_(sharp)when they were talking in class 9.The(replace)of the old subway lines will improve the transportation system greatly 10.His_(defeat)attitude made it hard for him to try again after the failure. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.Despite being the u,the team never gave up and finally won the championship. 2.Many young people find i in the stories of successful entrepreneurs 3.The general led his army to d the enemy and win an important battle. 4.She has a strong d to travel around the world and experience different cultures. 5.People began to g in the square to celebrate the national holiday. 6.If you work e hours this week,you will get additional pay. 7.Hard work and honesty will help you ethe respect of others. 8.The loud cfrom the kitchen made me rush to see what had happened. 9.The temperature dropped s last night,so don't forget to wear warm clothes. 10.The company is looking for a r for the marketing manager who is leaving next month. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：ABAABACABC 2.补全句子答案：inspiration defeated desirable gathering desirous earnings crash sharply replacement defeated 3.首字母填空答案：nderdog inspiration defeat desire gather extra earn crash sharply replacement 英语词汇复习手册·必修1·北师大版·Unit2:Sports and Fitness Lesson1