期中复习Units 1～3（词汇综合练）英语北师大版选择性必修第一册

期中复习Units 1~3（词汇综合练） （建议用时：60分钟） 一、单句语法填空 二、根据汉语意思写出单词的正确形式 三、完成句子 四、语篇语法填空 五、阅读理解 一、单句语法填空 1．It was the second time that she (visit) that city. 【答案】had visited 【详解】句意：那是她第二次参观那座城市。此处为“It was the + 序数词 + time + that + 主语 + 谓语”句型，that从句中谓语动词应用过去完成时，用来表示截止到过去某一时间点前已经完成的动作。 2．He hesitated and then said he (decide) not to run. 【答案】had decided 【详解】句意：他犹豫了一下，然后说他已经决定不跑了。主句动词said是一般过去时，“decide”发生在“said”之前，属于过去的过去，要用过去完成时，所以谓语动词为had decided。 3．The government claimed that it (take) all necessary measures to prevent such disasters. 【答案】had taken 【详解】句意：政府声称已经采取了一切必要措施来预防此类灾难。此处为谓语动词，claimed提示主句为一般过去时，take发生在claimed之前，用过去完成时，所以谓语动词为had taken。 4．This was the second time that the team (discover) a new species. 【答案】had discovered 【详解】句意：这是这个团队第二次发现新物种。This was the＋序数词＋time that...句型中，从句应用过去完成时。 5．The meeting (start) when we arrived, so we missed the beginning. 【答案】had started 【详解】句意：我们到达时会议已经开始了，所以我们错过了开头。根据时间状语从句when we arrived以及结果so we missed the beginning可知，“会议开始”这一动作发生在“到达”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，即had started。 6．His performance was a far cry from what we (expect). 【答案】had expected 【详解】句意：他的表现和我们之前预期的大相径庭。空处为从句谓语，“预期”发生在真实表现之前，即过去的过去，用过去完成时。 7．I was really excited to hear that I (win) the competition for designing the new ￡1 coin but hugely shocked as well. 【答案】had won 【详解】句意：听说自己赢得了设计新1英镑硬币大赛的冠军，我真的非常兴奋，但同时也大为震惊。本句中“赢得比赛”发生在“感到兴奋”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，从句谓语用had won。 8．By the time I walked into the bookstore, my friend (buy) the last copy of that novel. 【答案】had bought 【详解】句意：我走进书店时，我的朋友已经买走了那本小说的最后一本。根据 By the time引导的时间状语从句用了一般过去时，主句动作“买”发生在“走进”之前，故用过去完成时，buy的过去分词为bought。 9．Jenny asked me how the accident (happen) that morning. 【答案】had happened 【详解】句意：珍妮问我那天早上这起事故是怎么发生的。“发生”表示的动作在asked之前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。 10．By the time we arrived at the cinema, the movie (start) already. 【答案】had started 【详解】句意：我们到达电影院时，电影早已开始了。结合arrived以及语意可知，此处表示“过去的过去”需用过去完成时。 11．By the time the rescue team reached the cave, the injured climber (lie) there for nearly two days. 【答案】had lain/had been lying 【详解】考查时态。句意：等到救援队伍赶到洞穴时，这名受伤的登山者已经在那里躺了近两天了。By the time是完成时的标志，由the rescue team reached可知，句子用过去完成时，空格处是had lain，也可用过去完成进行时表示动作的持续，故填had lain/had been lying。 12．Robert (want) to attend Peter’s birthday party, but an unexpected visitor ruined his plan. 【答案】had wanted 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：Robert原本想参加Peter的生日聚会，但一个不速之客打乱了他的计划。根据“but an unexpected visitor ruined his plan”可知，“想要参加聚会”这一动作发生在“计划被打乱”之前，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had wanted。 13．By the end of 2023, the old couple (live) in this small town for 50 years. 【答案】had lived 【详解】考查时态。句意：到2023年末，这对老年夫妻就已经在这个小镇生活50年了。by the end of 2023是过去完成时的标志性时间状语，强调动作在过去某一时间点前已持续完成，用过去完成时。故填had lived。 14．He (work) as a volunteer in the community for two years before he went abroad for further study. 【答案】had worked 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他在出国深造之前，已经在社区做了两年的志愿者。时间状语before he went abroad for further study是过去的时间点，“做志愿者”这个动作发生在“出国”之前，属于“过去的过去”，要用过去完成时，其结构为“had+过去分词”，work的过去分词为worked。故填had worked。 15． (learn) to distinguish reliable information from rumors requires patience. 【答案】Learning 【详解】句意：学会区分可靠信息和谣言需要耐心。提示词作主语，用动名词形式learning，意为“学会”；句首单词首字母大写。 16． (read) aloud every morning is a good way to improve your pronunciation. 【答案】Reading 【详解】句意：每天早上大声朗读是提高发音的好方法。动名词作主语，表示一般性、习惯性的动作。首字母大写。 17． (live) in the jungle may be exciting, but it is also full of danger. 【答案】Living 【详解】句意：住在丛林里可能令人兴奋，但也充满危险。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少主语，需用动名词形式Living作主语，且位于句首，首字母须大写。 18． (grow) fruit and vegetables at home has become popular among city people. 【答案】Growing 【详解】句意：在家种植水果和蔬菜已经在城市居民中流行起来。根据“has become”可知，此句是动名词短语作主语；句首单词首字母应大写，此空是动名词Growing。 19．There is no use (try) to persuade him to have a holiday because he is a workaholic. 【答案】trying 【详解】句意：劝他去休假是没用的，因为他是个工作狂。本句使用固定句型 There is no use doing sth.，表示“做某事没用”，空处需填动名词作主语，所给词try的动名词形式为trying。 20．It is no good (talk) to him, because he never listens. 【答案】talking 【详解】句意：和他谈没用，因为他从不听。此处为固定句型It is no good doing sth.，表示“做某事没有用处”，其中it为形式主语，动名词形式作真正主语，所以此处使用动名词形式talking。 21． (surf) the Internet for too long without breaks can be harmful to both your physical and mental health. 【答案】Surfing 【详解】句意：长时间不间断地上网对你的身心健康都有害。空处作主语，需使用动名词形式surfing，位于句首，首字母需大写。 22． (quit) halfway is the last thing that a person with strong willpower would do. 【答案】Quitting 【详解】句意：半途而废是意志力坚定的人最不会做的事。此处作主语，用动名词形式，表示经常性、习惯性的动作或行为，首字母大写。 23． (balance) one’s work and personal life can be rather challenging. 【答案】Balancing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：平衡工作和个人生活是相当具有挑战性的。“(balance) one’s work and personal life”作句子的主语，表示一般性的、抽象性的动作，用动名词形式balancing作主语；句首单词首字母大写。故填Balancing。 24．The steps were full of sand, and (walk) on the soft sand turned out to be much more challenging than I had thought. 【答案】walking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：台阶上满是沙子，走在松软的沙子上比我想象的要困难得多。and后的句子已有谓语动词turned out，空处用非谓语动词作主语，用动名词walking。故填walking。 25． (have) a growth mindset means believing your abilities can be developed through hard work. 【答案】Having 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：拥有成长型思维模式意味着相信通过努力工作，个人的能力是可以得到提升的。空处作主语，表示一般性、概念性的动作，应用动名词形式，首字母应大写，故填Having。 26．In order to better develop as well as preserve this place, (limit) human impact on the wetland was considered by the park designer. 【答案】limiting 【详解】句意：为了更好地发展和保护这个地方，公园设计者考虑了限制人类对湿地的影响。句中已有谓语动词was considered，空格处作主语；陈述一般行为，应用动名词，limit的动名词形式为limiting。 27．Just (have) you sit here is my great honour. 【答案】having 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：让你坐在这里是我的莫大荣幸。分析句子结构可知，“(have) you sit here”作主语，用动名词形式having作主语。故填having。 28． (travel) abroad independently can give young people valuable life experience. 【答案】Traveling 【详解】考查动名词作主语。句意：独自出国旅行能给年轻人宝贵的生活经验。动名词短语Traveling abroad independently在句中作主语，表示一般性的、抽象的行为。首字母大写。故填Traveling。 29．As to the grouping for the upcoming oral practice sessions, I recommend (assign) students based on their language proficiency or learning style. 【答案】assigning 【详解】句意：关于即将到来的口语练习课的分组，我建议根据学生的语言水平或学习风格来分配学生。recommend doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“建议/推荐做某事”，此空填动名词assigning，作宾语，表示“分配”。 30．Developing a positive attitude is the key to (overcome) challenges in teenage life. 【答案】overcoming 【详解】句意：培养积极的态度是克服青少年生活中挑战的关键。固定搭配the key to中to是介词，后面需要接动名词形式。 31．Never quit (explore) the unknown world around you. 【答案】exploring 【详解】句意：永远不要放弃探索你周围的未知世界。quit（放弃）后接动名词作宾语，构成 quit doing sth.（放弃做某事）结构，应用explore的动名词形式exploring。 32．Upon (obtain) the data of the medical effect, the scientists began to carry out further experiments. 【答案】obtaining 【详解】句意：一获得药效数据，科学家们就开始开展进一步实验。upon doing是固定结构，表示“一…… 就……”，因此空格处用动名词obtaining作宾语。 33．Now I can remember without (mourn), and begin to look ahead. 【答案】mourning 【详解】句意：现在我能够回忆而不感到悲伤，并开始展望未来。without为介词，后接mourn“悲伤”的动名词形式mourning，作介词的宾语。 34．One key green technology is carbon capture and storage (CCS), which involves (separate) CO₂ from other gases at emission sources before they are released into the atmosphere. 【答案】separating 【详解】句意：一项重要的绿色技术是碳捕获与封存（CCS），该技术需要在排放源处将二氧化碳与其他气体分离，再排放到大气中。短语involve doing sth.表示“包含/需要做某事”，后面接动名词作宾语。 35．I’m really looking forward to (meet) my new classmates in senior high school. 【答案】meeting 【详解】句意：我非常期待在高中见到我的新同学。此处固定短语look forward to中to是介词，后面接动名词作宾语，meet的动名词形式是meeting。 36．The material deserves (mention) because of its amazing versatility. 【答案】mentioning/to be mentioned 【详解】句意：这种材料值得一提，因为它用途广泛。固定搭配deserve doing=deserve to be done，表示“某事值得被做”，可以用主动形式表达被动含义。 37．After (graduate) from senior high school, he went to study abroad. 【答案】graduating/graduation 【详解】句意：高中毕业后，他出国求学。作介词after的宾语，应用graduate的动名词形式或名词形式graduating/graduation。 38．The most amazing thing about nature is (provide) endless solutions to human problems. 【答案】providing/to provide 【详解】句意：大自然最神奇之处在于它为人类的问题提供无穷的解决方案。空处作表语，说明主语the most amazing thing的具体内容，动名词和动词不定式均可作表语。 39．Her job is (look) after the old in the nursing home. 【答案】looking 【详解】句意：她的工作是在养老院照顾老人。look after为动词短语，意为“照料，照顾”，空处应填动名词looking，动名词短语looking after the old in the nursing home在句中作表语，说明具体工作内容，是经常性、习惯性动作。 40．What she enjoys most is (explore) different local folk customs. 【答案】exploring 【详解】句意：她最喜欢的是探索不同的当地民俗。空处位于be动词is之后，作表语；此处表示一般性的、抽象的动作，应用动名词形式exploring。 41．In the 1960s, the UN set up the World Food Program, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：20世纪60年代，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，它的其中一个宗旨是缓解全球范围内的饥荒。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the World Food Program表示事物，关系词在从句中作定语，表达“该机构的宗旨”，要用关系代词whose引导该非限制性定语从句。 42．The teacher praised Li Hua, had won first prize in the English speech contest. 【答案】who 【详解】句意：老师表扬了李华，他在英语演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。先行词是Li Hua（人），逗号隔开，为非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，关系代词用who。 43． can be seen from the survey, more people choose low-carbon lifestyles nowadays. 【答案】As 【详解】 句意：正如从调查中可以看到的那样，如今更多人选择低碳生活方式。 as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首，指代后面整个主句内容，固定结构：As can be seen from…正如从……中所见。 44．The letters were written by Tolkien, was a famous writer. 【答案】who 【详解】句意：这些信是托尔金写的，他是一位著名的作家。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Tolkien，指人，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。 45．He really had made a difference for these children, made him very proud. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：他确实为这些孩子带来了改变，这让他十分自豪。此处为非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事情，在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词which。 46．The Stone Age is the name given to the time over 2,000,000 years ago, life was very different from today. 【答案】when 【详解】句意：石器时代是指两百多万年前的一段时期，那时的生活与现在截然不同。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the time，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。 47．A national plant collection can include a number of well-tended plants, many of are suitable for domestic gardens. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：国家植物收藏可包括许多养护得当的植物，其中许多适合家庭花园种植。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为plants（指物），且设空处在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which。 48．A company products are popular among teenagers must attach importance to innovation. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：一家其产品在青少年中广受欢迎的公司必须重视创新。设空处引导定语从句，修饰company，从句中作定语，修饰products，用关系代词whose。 49．The reason he didn’t come was that he was ill. 【答案】why 【详解】句意：他没来的原因是他生病了。空处引导定语从句，先行词是reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。 50．A zoo is a park in many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：动物园是一个公园，里面饲养着多种动物供人观赏。此处是“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词是park，关系词在从句中作in的宾语，应用关系代词which。 51．This is the very thing I am interested in. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：这正是我所感兴趣的东西。空处引导定语从句，先行词是thing，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词被the very（恰恰，正好）修饰，定语从句的关系代词只能用that。 52．People tend to ignore carbon footprint should change their daily habits. 【答案】who/that 【详解】句意：那些往往忽视碳足迹的人们应当改变他们的日常习惯。此空考查定语从句，先行词People指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。 53．The old building we saw many beautiful posters was built 80 years ago. 【答案】where 【详解】句意：那座我们在里面看到许多精美海报的老建筑建于80年前。空处引导定语从句，先行词是The old building，表示地点，空格后面的定语从句we saw many beautiful posters句子主干成分完整，不缺主语和宾语，需要关系副词where在从句中充当地点状语。 54．The teenager diet contains too much junk food will suffer from health problems. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：日常饮食中含有过多垃圾食品的青少年会出现健康问题。“______ diet contains too much junk food”为定语从句，先行词为the teenager，关系词与diet为所属关系，用关系代词whose引导。 55．The permit we have got allows us to build new recycling facilities here. 【答案】which/that 【详解】句意：我们拿到的这份许可证允许我们在这里新建回收设施。“______ we have got”为定语从句，先行词the permit表示事物，关系词在从句中作宾语，用关系代词which或that引导。 56．The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum opened in 1759. 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：例如，汉斯・斯隆爵士收集的8万件藏品构成了大英博物馆的核心馆藏，该博物馆于1759年开放。先行词the British Museum是表示事物的名词，定语从句缺少主语，可以用关系代词that或者which引导。 57．It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words meanings are similar, but not identical. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：它应当给出每个单词的确切释义，从而将它和其他词义相似但不完全相同的单词区分开来。此处引导定语从句，先行词是other words，与空后的meanings之间为所属关系，所以此处使用关系代词whose。 58．Word came that our school is going to hold a class meeting topic is related to Chinese traditional customs. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：有消息传来，我们学校将要举行一场主题与中国传统习俗相关的班会。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a class meeting，关系词在定语从句中修饰名词topic，作定语，要用关系代词whose。 59．In addition, occasions the information is processed for the purpose of research and development of facial recognition technology are not subject to the regulation. 【答案】where 【详解】句意：此外，出于人脸识别技术研发目的而处理该信息的场合不受该条例约束。“_______ the information is processed for the purpose of research and development of facial recognition technology”为定语从句，先行词occasions表示抽象地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。 60．He wore a confused look for the entire occasion the locals were observing the festival, as it was quite unfamiliar to him. 【答案】when 【详解】句意：在当地人庆祝节日的时候，他自始至终都带着困惑的表情，因为这对他来说非常陌生。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the entire occasion，指时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。 二、完成句子 61．我刚要锁门，这时突然意识到我把门上的钥匙忘到餐桌上了。 I was about to lock the door ________________ on the kitchen table. 【答案】when I realized that I had left the key to the door 【详解】中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“这时突然意识到我把门上的钥匙忘到……了”，“刚要做某事，这时突然……”用固定句型be about to do...when...；“意识到”用realize，结合主句中was，从句谓语使用过去式realized，后接that引导的宾语从句，“把……忘在某处”用leave，“把钥匙忘在某处”发生在“意识到”之前，属于“过去的过去”，用过去完成时had left，“门上的钥匙”译为the key to the door。 62．I asked him __________________________________. 我问他是否完成了作业。 【答案】if/whether he had finished his homework 【详解】“他是否完成了作业”处理为宾语从句，作ask的宾语，“是否”使用连接词if/whether引导从句，“完成作业”使用动词短语finish his homework，finish表示的动作发生在asked之前，故从句使用过去完成时。 63．我母亲告诉我，他已经“去世了”。 My mother told me he ________________. 【答案】had “passed on” 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处可用动词短语pass on，是委婉表达“去世”的短语，相当于die。主句told 是过去时，从句动作“去世”发生在之前，要用过去完成时。故填had “passed on”。 64．我的爱好是读小说。 My hobby is ________. 【答案】reading novels 【详解】表示“读小说”短语为read novels，说明主语的内容用动名词形式作表语。 65．After school, ________________________________________every afternoon. 放学后，我每天下午坚持练习弹钢琴。 【答案】I keep practising playing the piano 【详解】“坚持做某事”使用动词短语keep doing sth，“练习做某事”使用动词短语practise doing sth，“弹钢琴”使用动词短语play the piano，描述经常做的事情使用一般现在时。 66．参加该活动穿中国传统服装更适合。 ______________________is more suitable for the activity. 【答案】Wearing traditional Chinese costume 【详解】根据句意可知，此处意为“穿中国传统服装”，表达为Wear traditional Chinese costume，且此处在句中作主语，故应用动名词Wearing traditional Chinese costume。 67．我永远不会忘记我们一起奋斗的时光。 I will never forget the time ________________ together. 【答案】when we struggled 【详解】此处为定语从句修饰先行词time，在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导；主语为we；表示“奋斗”用动词struggle，发生在过去用一般过去时。 68．他迟到的原因是他错过了早班车。 The reason ________________ is that he missed the early bus. 【答案】why he was late 【详解】根据句意，此处表示“他迟到的”，作定语修饰先行词The reason，The reason表原因，从句中不缺主语和宾语，使用关系副词why引导定语从句；表示“迟到”为be late，“迟到”是过去发生的动作，因此定语从句用一般过去时，be动词为was，所以此处为why he was late。 69．他就是我们刚才谈论的那个人。 He is the man __________________ just now. 【答案】(whom/who/that) we talked about 【详解】the man为先行词，空处到句末为定语从句修饰先行词。定语从句主语为“我们”，用we表示；谓语为“谈论”，用动词短语talk about表示，根据时间状语just now可知，应用一般过去时描述过去动作，谓语调整为talked about；先行词为人，且定语从句中缺少宾语时，应用关系代词whom/who/that引导，关系代词紧置于先行词后，在从句中作宾语时，可省略。空处填(whom/who/that) we talked about。 70．他经常上课迟到，这使他妈妈很生气。 He was often late for class, ____________________________. 【答案】which made his mother very angry 【详解】“这使他妈妈很生气”可处理为非限制性定语从句，关系词是前面的句子，在从句中作主语，使用关系代词which，“使某人……”使用“make sb+形容词”，“很生气”使用形容词angry作宾补。结合was可知使用一般过去时。 四、语法填空 （26-27高二上·河南·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China is famous for its ancient inventions: papermaking, printing, gunpowder and the compass. But there is far more to its technological legacy than these. One 1 (remark) achievement is the Tonglushan ancient copper (铜) mining site. More than 3,000 years ago, people in China already mined and refined high-purity copper on a large scale at this site, 2 put them some 2,000 years ahead of the rest of the world. Located in Daye, Hubei Province, the site 3 (welcome) more than 20 million visitors since the 1980s. It received official 4 (appoint) as a National Archaeological Site Park in 2025 and is now working toward UNESCO World Heritage status. To further showcase China’s ancient industrial achievements, a large-screen presentation 5 (launch) last year features English subtitles alongside Chinese ones, while the park has also opened 6 educational workshop for visitors from China and abroad. The site was 7 (accidental) discovered during mining operations in 1973. Ancient craftsmen had already mastered complex techniques, 8 (control) furnace (熔炉) temperatures at around 1,200 degrees Celsius. Now, copper production here has moved into higher-value processing, serving fields 9 5G communications and semiconductor chips. “The spirit of craftsmanship continues to inspire us to create a large number of new 10 (wonder),” said an official. 【答案】 1．remarkable 2．which 3．has welcomed 4．appointment 5．launched 6．an 7．accidentally 8．controlling 9．like 10．wonders 【导语】本文主要介绍中国除四大发明之外的另一项重大科技遗产——湖北大冶铜绿山古铜矿遗址，讲述其历史、发掘过程、保护开发以及工匠精神的传承。 1．考查形容词。句意：一项引人瞩目的成就是铜绿山古铜矿遗址。此处修饰名词achievement，要用形容词形式，remark的形容词remarkable意为“引人瞩目的，显著的”。 2．考查定语从句。句意：三千多年前，中国人就已经在此地大规模开采、提纯高纯度铜，这使他们领先世界其他地区约两千年。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which。 3．考查动词时态。句意：该遗址位于湖北省大冶市，自20世纪80年代以来已经接待了两千多万游客。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语since the 1980s可知要用现在完成时，结构为“have/has +过去分词”，主语the site是第三人称单数，助动词用has。 4．考查名词。句意：该遗址于2025年正式被指定为国家考古遗址公园，目前正积极申报联合国教科文组织世界遗产称号。形容词official后面接名词，appoint是动词，其名词形式appointment意为“任命，委派”。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：为进一步展示中国古代工业成就，去年推出的大屏展示节目配有中英双语字幕，该公园也为国内外游客开设了一处教育工坊。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，launch与逻辑主语a large-screen presentation之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词launched。 6．考查冠词。句意：为进一步展示中国古代工业成就，去年推出的大屏展示节目配有中英双语字幕，该公园也为国内外游客开设了一处教育工坊。educational workshop为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以此处使用冠词，结合句意，此处表示“一处教育工坊”，为泛指，且educational是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an。 7．考查副词。句意：该遗址是1973年在采矿作业期间被意外发现的。此处修饰动词discovered，要用副词形式，accidental的副词accidentally意为“意外地”。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：古代工匠已经掌握了复杂的工艺，将熔炉温度控制在约1200摄氏度。此处为非谓语动词作状语，control与逻辑主语Ancient craftsmen之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词controlling。 9．考查介词。句意：如今，这里的铜生产转向高附加值加工，服务于5G通信、半导体芯片等领域。此处用于举例，介词like意为“像，诸如”，所以此处为介词like。 10．考查名词。句意：一位官员说：“工匠精神不断激励我们创造出大量新的奇迹。”a large number of后面接可数名词复数，wonder作名词意为“奇迹”，复数形式为wonders。 （26-27高二上·湖南长沙·阶段检测）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 El Nino, coupled with ongoing global climate change, tends to worsen extreme weather across the globe, 1 (pose) severe threats to natural ecosystems and human social development. Scientists point out that the 2 (combine) of global warming and El Nino is a major driver of increasing global disaster risks. In normal conditions, stable trade winds push warm seawater westward. However, during an El Nino period, these winds turn 3 (mild) and less powerful than usual. Recent meteorological (气象学的) data suggests that the chance of an El Nino 4 (appear) between June and August 2027 is as high as 80 percent. Climate researchers have different predictions. Some models forecast 5 strong El Nino in summer, while others indicate a mild one. 6 traditional natural El Nino activities, the current event coincides with (与……同时发生) global warming, 7 leads to unusual climate changes around the world. Human industrial activities constantly raise global surface temperatures, thus greatly strengthening El Nino's destructive force. Climate change 8 (transform) the global climate system so far, making extreme weather disasters related to El Nino more frequent. The overlap (重叠) of El Nino and global warming will bring frequent heatwaves, serious droughts and violent rainstorms, further causing wildfires, floods and crop failures. Experts believe that 2027 is very likely 9 (become) one of the hottest years on record. Climate impacts differ from area to area, which makes 10 difficult for people to predict accurate disaster risks in advance. 【答案】 1．posing 2．combination 3．milder 4．appearing 5．a 6．Unlike 7．which 8．has transformed 9．to become 10．it 【导语】本文主要介绍厄尔尼诺现象叠加全球气候变化会加剧全球极端天气，提升灾害风险。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：厄尔尼诺现象，再加上持续的全球气候变化，往往会加剧全球范围内的极端天气，对自然生态系统和人类社会发展构成严重威胁。句子已有谓语动词tends，此处为非谓语动词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，要用现在分词形式posing。 2．考查名词。句意：科学家指出，全球变暖和厄尔尼诺现象的结合是全球灾害风险不断上升的主要驱动因素。定冠词the后面，介词of前需要接名词作宾语从句的主语，combine是动词，其名词形式是combination表示“结合、组合”。 3．考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，在厄尔尼诺期间，这些信风会变得比往常更温和、强度更低。根据后文的并列结构and less powerful than usual可知，此处有明显的比较级标志than，mild也要使用形容词比较级形式milder。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：最新的气象数据显示，2027年6月至8月期间出现厄尔尼诺现象的概率高达80%。介词of后面需要接动名词作宾语，动词appear的动名词形式是appearing，与空格前的an El Nino构成复合宾语。 5．考查冠词。句意：一些模型预测夏季会出现一次强厄尔尼诺现象，而另一些模型则显示会出现一次温和的厄尔尼诺现象。此处泛指“一次强厄尔尼诺现象”，strong是以辅音音素开头的单词，要用不定冠词a修饰。 6．考查介词。句意：与传统的自然厄尔尼诺活动不同，当前的这一事件与全球变暖同时发生。此处表达“与……不同”的含义，用介词unlike，放在句首作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。 7．考查定语从句。句意：与传统的自然厄尔尼诺活动不同，当前的这一事件与全球变暖同时发生，这导致了世界各地的异常气候变化。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个主句描述的情况，关系词在从句中作主语，要用关系代词which引导。 8．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：迄今为止，气候变化已经改变了全球气候系统，使得与厄尔尼诺相关的极端天气灾害更加频繁。根据时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知，句子要用现在完成时，主语Climate change是单数概念，助动词用has，transform的过去分词是transformed。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：专家认为，2027年极有可能成为有记录以来最热的年份之一。固定搭配be likely to do sth.表示“有可能做某事”，此处需要用不定式to become。 10．考查代词。句意：气候影响因地区而异，这使得人们很难提前准确预测灾害风险。此处为固定结构make it+adj.+for sb. to do sth.，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式结构。 五、阅读理解 （26-27高二上·青海西宁·阶段检测）In many American cities, small four-wheeled robots with human names like Courtney and Deandre have become a common sight. These food delivery robots, operated by companies like Serve Robotics, carry Uber Eats orders over short distances. With flashing lights that look like eyes, they are designed to seem approachable. However, not everyone is welcoming them with open arms. When the robots first appeared in Atlanta, people were curious. They took photos and made videos. But after a few months, the novelty faded. Now, cyclists avoid them like any other obstacle (障碍物), and pedestrians walk around them without a second glance. The robots often get confused at crosswalks, move awkwardly, or get stuck on cracked sidewalks. Many times, they simply sit still, blocking the entrances to restaurants. The robots’ friendly appearance is no accident. According to Serve Robotics CEO Ali Kashani, the goal is to make them fun and accepted by communities. But critics like tech journalist Edward Ongweso Jr. argue that these robots are not friends — they are commercial products. Their real purpose is to make money for investors (投资人), not to help communities. He points out that people rarely get a say in whether these robots are introduced to their neighborhoods. Instead, companies push them into cities to make their use seem irresistible. Some experts also worry about safety and regulation. Dylan Losey, a professor who studies human-robot interaction, notes that the artificial intelligence (AI) systems running these robots are not properly checked by third parties. There are no clear safety standards yet. People are forced to trust that the robots are built with their best interests in mind, but that trust may be misplaced. In one case, a robot in Los Angeles even blocked a man with a wheelchair, causing a crash. I tried twelve times to order food through one of these robots but never succeeded. Human cyclists always delivered the food instead. This raises the question: are these robots truly useful, or are they just a technological novelty? Even in wealthy, walkable neighborhoods where they operate, many residents do not really need them. 1．Why do companies design robots with eye-like flashing lights? A．To speed up short-distance food delivery. B．To check how their AI systems work. C．To win acceptance from local communities. D．To warn cyclists of obstacles on sidewalks. 2．What lies behind the creation of the robots according to Edward Ongweso Jr.? A．Creating profits for investors. B．Bringing convenience to residents. C．Having third parties test AI systems. D．Solving traffic troubles on sidewalks. 3．What does the author want to show by mentioning the crash in Los Angeles? A．Pedestrians ignore road obstacles. B．Companies fix robots in time. C．Robots have hidden safety risks. D．Mobility aids often block crosswalks. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward food delivery robots? A．Supportive. B．Uninterested. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了美国城市里送餐机器人的使用现状，讲述它们虽被设计得亲和，却存在诸多问题，各界对它们的价值、安全及投放方式存有争议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“With flashing lights that look like eyes, they are designed to seem approachable.(闪烁的灯光看起来像眼睛，它们的设计看起来很平易近人)”第三段“According to Serve Robotics CEO Ali Kashani, the goal is to make them fun and accepted by communities.(据Serve Robotics首席执行官Ali Kashani称，目标是让它们有趣，并被社区接纳)”可知，公司这样设计是为了赢得当地社区的接受。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“But critics like tech journalist Edward Ongweso Jr. argue that these robots are not friends — they are commercial products. Their real purpose is to make money for investors (投资人), not to help communities. (但科技记者Edward Ongweso Jr.等批评者认为，这些机器人不是朋友，它们是商业产品。它们真正的目的是为投资人赚钱，而不是服务社区)”可知，Edward Ongweso Jr.认为创造这些机器人背后的真正原因是为投资者创造利润。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Some experts also worry about safety and regulation. Dylan Losey, a professor who studies human-robot interaction, notes that the artificial intelligence (AI) systems running these robots are not properly checked by third parties. There are no clear safety standards yet. People are forced to trust that the robots are built with their best interests in mind, but that trust may be misplaced. In one case, a robot in Los Angeles even blocked a man with a wheelchair, causing a crash. (一些专家还担忧安全与监管。研究人机交互的教授Dylan Losey指出，驱动这些机器人的人工智能系统没有经过第三方的妥善检查。目前还没有明确的安全标准。人们被迫相信制造机器人是为了他们的最大利益，但这份信任可能错付了。有一次，洛杉矶一台机器人挡住坐轮椅的男子，造成碰撞事故)”可知，作者举了洛杉矶机器人阻挡轮椅导致碰撞的例子，是为了证明这些机器人存在隐藏的安全风险。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I tried twelve times to order food through one of these robots but never succeeded. Human cyclists always delivered the food instead. This raises the question: are these robots truly useful, or are they just a technological novelty? (我尝试了12次用这类机器人点餐，但从未成功，送餐的一直是人类骑手。这就引出一个问题：这些机器人真的有用吗，还是仅仅是科技新鲜事物？)”可知，作者对送餐机器人的实用性持怀疑态度。 （26-27高二上·四川绵阳·阶段检测）Evan Budz, a 15-year-old boy from Ontario, Canada, is receiving global recognition for his invention: an autonomous bionic (自主仿生的) sea turtle robot. The robot, which uses AI to monitor (监测) ecological systems underwater, won Budz a first-place prize in the European Union Contest for Young Scientists. Budz was inspired to create this project after he observed the fluent movement of a turtle while camping. He saw potential in the way the turtle moved and invented a propulsion (推进) method that copies the swimming motion of green sea turtles in water. Not only is it a unique way to move through the water, but it also has less impact on the very environments that scientists are trying to protect. “Water habitats are important for humanity, and the routine surveying of these environments has become necessary,” Budz explained. “Using a creative bionic robot for such analysis ensures low ecological disruption (生态破坏).” Budz said the robot uses a computer vision imaging system powered by AI to measure coral health, which can detect coral bleaching (珊瑚白化) with 96% correctness. “The information gathered by the robot will ideally allow the right organizations to identify where these threats may be occurring, increasing awareness and supporting efforts to increase the overall health of impacted areas,” Budz said. “For ecological monitoring, I want to trouble the environment as little as possible,” he added. “That’s why I designed the robot to imitate the turtle, which allows it to conduct monitoring without disrupting other living things.” For Budz, it’s just another step in protecting the planet, a cause he has cared about for much of his adolescence. “I’ve been conducting a lot of different research and article reviews, and find that the environment is becoming increasingly more impacted by global warming and other human-caused impacts.” 1．What inspired Evan Budz to invent the autonomous bionic sea turtle robot? A．His desire to get recognition. B．The prize of the contest. C．The movement of a sea animal. D．His passion for AI development. 2．What is a feature of Budz’s robot? A．It’s fast-paced. B．It’s cost-effective. C．It’s energy-saving. D．It’s environment-friendly. 3．What does the underlined word “imitate” mean in paragraph 5? A．Copy. B．Track. C．Control. D．Describe. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．A new method of saving coral reefs. B．A science contest for young inventors. C．A study of green sea turtles’ movement. D．A turtle-inspired robot for ocean monitoring. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了来自加拿大安大略省的15岁少年埃文·巴兹受海龟游动动作的启发，发明了一款利用人工智能监测水下生态系统的自主仿生海龟机器人，并凭借它在欧盟青年科学家竞赛中获得一等奖。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Budz was inspired to create this project after he observed the fluent movement of a turtle while camping.(在露营时，巴兹观察到一只海龟流畅的游动，由此受到启发而创作了这个项目。)”可知，让他萌生发明机器人想法的，是这只海洋动物的动作。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Not only is it a unique way to move through the water, but it also has less impact on the very environments that scientists are trying to protect.(这不仅是一种独特的水中行进方式，而且它对科学家们正努力保护的环境造成的影响也更小。)”和第五段中的“That’s why I designed the robot to imitate the turtle, which allows it to conduct monitoring without disrupting other living things.(正因如此，我才把机器人设计成模仿海龟的样子，使它能够在不打扰其他生物的情况下开展监测。)”可知，这款机器人对环境影响很小，也不打扰其他生物。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段画线词“imitate”空前的“I designed the robot(我设计机器人)”和第二段中的“He saw potential in the way the turtle moved and invented a propulsion (推进) method that copies the swimming motion of green sea turtles in water.(他从海龟的游动方式中发现了潜力，并发明了一种推进方法，该方法模仿绿海龟在水中的游水动作。)”可推知，机器人是照着海龟来设计的。由此可知，画线词含有“模仿、复制”之意，和上文提到的copies是照应关系。 4．主旨大意题。本文主旨句是第一段中的“Evan Budz, a 15-year-old boy from Ontario, Canada, is receiving global recognition for his invention: an autonomous bionic sea turtle robot. The robot, which uses AI to monitor ecological systems underwater, won Budz a first-place prize in the European Union Contest for Young Scientists.(来自加拿大安大略省的15岁男孩埃文·巴兹因其发明获得了全球关注，这项发明是一台自主仿生海龟机器人。该机器人运用人工智能监测水下生态系统，为巴兹赢得了欧盟青年科学家竞赛的一等奖。)”，全文围绕他受海龟启发、发明仿生海龟机器人开展海洋生态监测，介绍了其设计灵感、环保特点和监测功能。由此可知，D项表示“一款受海龟启发、用于海洋监测的机器人”，和本文主旨相吻合。   （26-27高二上·河南·阶段检测）Cornell researchers have developed a new glove called EdemaFlex to reduce swelling for people suffering from edema (水肿). The glove has more than 30 actuators across the fingers and palm. It’s the latest version of the technology from Cindy Kao, associate professor of human centered design in the College of Human Ecology, who previously developed KnitDema, which used gentle pressure to reduce swelling in one finger. Later, she developed MediKnit, a better way to make soft medical devices. “The lower extremities have always been part of our goal,” Kao said. “We’re also thinking about it in terms of women’s health and in other body locations. We definitely see a lot of potential.” EdemaFlex works by giving pressure from the ends of the fingers toward the palm and wrist. This helps move fluid out of the swollen hand. The pressure can be changed to meet the needs of different patients. One challenge was deciding how to place the parts of the glove without affecting the systems that carry blood and fluid in the hand. “Clinicians help to identify specific patient needs based on their individual condition and reason for hand swelling,” said Dr. Joan Stilling, a professor at Weill Cornell Medicine. “Dr. Kao and her team bring advanced techniques and testable prototypes (样机) with visual feedback to the clinic. Our strong partnership allows for the optimization of the devices that are easily used, effective and address real-world problems.” The researchers tested the glove with seven people over three days, including a one-day home-based trial. Clinicians conducted fittings with each patient and sent measurements back to the lab via a software design platform. Over the course of the study, most participants experienced a 3% to 5% reduction in hand volume, although one participant had a 25% reduction. “We got some results,” Kao said. “They responded very favorably in terms of thermal safety, and the ease of being able to just wear something and not have to go to a doctor’s office for treatment.” 1．What does the author try to explain in paragraph 2? A．How doctors test EdemaFlex. B．Why the treatment for edema is costly. C．Why patients with edema prefer home treatment. D．How the technology from Kao and her team has developed. 2．What does the underlined word “optimization” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Invention. B．Copy. C．Improvement. D．Failure. 3．Which can best describe the result of the test? A．Amusing. B．Unreliable. C．Unexpected. D．Encouraging. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．A Smart Glove for Everyday Hand Care B．A Soft-robotic Glove for Swelling Relief C．A Medical Device for Better Blood Flow D．A Creative Method of Caring for the Elderly 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了康奈尔团队研发的一款可缓解手部水肿的新型软体机器人手套EdemaFlex，介绍了其技术发展、原理、合作研发以及效果良好的临床试验。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“It’s the latest version of the technology from Cindy Kao, associate professor of human centered design in the College of Human Ecology, who previously developed KnitDema, which used gentle pressure to reduce swelling in one finger. Later, she developed MediKnit, a better way to make soft medical devices. ‘The lower extremities have always been part of our goal,’ Kao said. ‘We’re also thinking about it in terms of women’s health and in other body locations. We definitely see a lot of potential.’ (这是人类生态学院以人为中心设计专业副教授辛迪・高所研发技术的最新成果。她此前研发了KnitDema，依靠轻柔压力缓解单根手指的肿胀。之后，她又开发了MediKnit，这是制造软性医疗设备的更好方案。‘下肢治疗一直是我们的目标之一，’高教授说，‘我们也在研究把这项技术应用于女性健康以及身体其他部位。我们坚信它潜力巨大。’)”可知，第二段依次介绍了辛迪・高团队的技术迭代：最早研发了给单根手指消肿的KnitDema，之后做出了制造软性医疗设备的MediKnit，现在又推出最新版的EdemaFlex，还提及团队未来的研发方向，展现了辛迪・高及其团队的相关技术的发展历程。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Dr. Kao and her team bring advanced techniques and testable prototypes (样机) with visual feedback to the clinic. Our strong partnership allows for the optimization of the devices that are easily used, effective and address real-world problems. (高博士及其团队将先进技术、带有可视化反馈的可测试样机带到诊所。我们紧密合作，optimization这款设备，使其好用、有效，解决现实中的难题。)”可知，临床医生与研发团队紧密合作，对设备进行调整完善，使其好用、有效，能够解决实际问题，由此可推知，optimization的词义为“优化、改进”。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Over the course of the study, most participants experienced a 3% to 5% reduction in hand volume, although one participant had a 25% reduction. (研究过程中，大部分受试者手部体积减少3%至5%，还有一名受试者肿胀体积减少25%。)”及第六段中“They responded very favorably in terms of thermal safety, and the ease of being able to just wear something and not have to go to a doctor’s office for treatment. (受试者对设备的热安全性评价很高，而且只需戴上手套，不用前往诊所接受治疗，十分便捷。)”可知，大部分受试者的手部水肿体积有所下降，受试者对设备的热安全性与穿戴便捷性反馈良好，试验结果令人鼓舞。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Cornell researchers have developed a new glove called EdemaFlex to reduce swelling for people suffering from edema (水肿). The glove has more than 30 actuators across the fingers and palm. (康奈尔大学研究人员研发了一款名为EdemaFlex的新手套，用来减轻水肿患者的肿胀。该手套在手指和手掌位置装有三十多个驱动器。)”并通读全文可知，文章介绍了一款可缓解手部水肿的新型软体机器人手套。B选项“A Soft-robotic Glove for Swelling Relief (一款用于缓解肿胀的软体机器手套)”准确概括了全文核心，适合做文章的标题。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 期中复习Units 1~3（词汇综合练） （建议用时：60分钟） 一、单句语法填空 二、根据汉语意思写出单词的正确形式 三、完成句子 四、语篇语法填空 五、阅读理解 一、单句语法填空 1．It was the second time that she (visit) that city. 2．He hesitated and then said he (decide) not to run. 3．The government claimed that it (take) all necessary measures to prevent such disasters. 4．This was the second time that the team (discover) a new species. 5．The meeting (start) when we arrived, so we missed the beginning. 6．His performance was a far cry from what we (expect). 7．I was really excited to hear that I (win) the competition for designing the new ￡1 coin but hugely shocked as well. 8．By the time I walked into the bookstore, my friend (buy) the last copy of that novel. 9．Jenny asked me how the accident (happen) that morning. 10．By the time we arrived at the cinema, the movie (start) already. 11．By the time the rescue team reached the cave, the injured climber (lie) there for nearly two days. 12．Robert (want) to attend Peter’s birthday party, but an unexpected visitor ruined his plan. 13．By the end of 2023, the old couple (live) in this small town for 50 years. 14．He (work) as a volunteer in the community for two years before he went abroad for further study. 15． (learn) to distinguish reliable information from rumors requires patience. 16． (read) aloud every morning is a good way to improve your pronunciation. 17． (live) in the jungle may be exciting, but it is also full of danger. 18． (grow) fruit and vegetables at home has become popular among city people. 19．There is no use (try) to persuade him to have a holiday because he is a workaholic. 20．It is no good (talk) to him, because he never listens. 21． (surf) the Internet for too long without breaks can be harmful to both your physical and mental health. 22． (quit) halfway is the last thing that a person with strong willpower would do. 23． (balance) one’s work and personal life can be rather challenging. 24．The steps were full of sand, and (walk) on the soft sand turned out to be much more challenging than I had thought. 25． (have) a growth mindset means believing your abilities can be developed through hard work. 26．In order to better develop as well as preserve this place, (limit) human impact on the wetland was considered by the park designer. 27．Just (have) you sit here is my great honour. 28． (travel) abroad independently can give young people valuable life experience. 29．As to the grouping for the upcoming oral practice sessions, I recommend (assign) students based on their language proficiency or learning style. 30．Developing a positive attitude is the key to (overcome) challenges in teenage life. 31．Never quit (explore) the unknown world around you. 32．Upon (obtain) the data of the medical effect, the scientists began to carry out further experiments. 33．Now I can remember without (mourn), and begin to look ahead. 34．One key green technology is carbon capture and storage (CCS), which involves (separate) CO₂ from other gases at emission sources before they are released into the atmosphere. 35．I’m really looking forward to (meet) my new classmates in senior high school. 36．The material deserves (mention) because of its amazing versatility. 37．After (graduate) from senior high school, he went to study abroad. 38．The most amazing thing about nature is (provide) endless solutions to human problems. 39．Her job is (look) after the old in the nursing home. 40．What she enjoys most is (explore) different local folk customs. 41．In the 1960s, the UN set up the World Food Program, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. 42．The teacher praised Li Hua, had won first prize in the English speech contest. 43． can be seen from the survey, more people choose low-carbon lifestyles nowadays. 44．The letters were written by Tolkien, was a famous writer. 45．He really had made a difference for these children, made him very proud. 46．The Stone Age is the name given to the time over 2,000,000 years ago, life was very different from today. 47．A national plant collection can include a number of well-tended plants, many of are suitable for domestic gardens. 48．A company products are popular among teenagers must attach importance to innovation. 49．The reason he didn’t come was that he was ill. 50．A zoo is a park in many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. 51．This is the very thing I am interested in. 52．People tend to ignore carbon footprint should change their daily habits. 53．The old building we saw many beautiful posters was built 80 years ago. 54．The teenager diet contains too much junk food will suffer from health problems. 55．The permit we have got allows us to build new recycling facilities here. 56．The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum opened in 1759. 57．It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words meanings are similar, but not identical. 58．Word came that our school is going to hold a class meeting topic is related to Chinese traditional customs. 59．In addition, occasions the information is processed for the purpose of research and development of facial recognition technology are not subject to the regulation. 60．He wore a confused look for the entire occasion the locals were observing the festival, as it was quite unfamiliar to him. 二、完成句子 61．我刚要锁门，这时突然意识到我把门上的钥匙忘到餐桌上了。 I was about to lock the door ________________ on the kitchen table. 62．I asked him __________________________________. 我问他是否完成了作业。 63．我母亲告诉我，他已经“去世了”。 My mother told me he ________________. 64．我的爱好是读小说。 My hobby is ________. 65．After school, ________________________________________every afternoon. 放学后，我每天下午坚持练习弹钢琴。 66．参加该活动穿中国传统服装更适合。 ______________________is more suitable for the activity. 67．我永远不会忘记我们一起奋斗的时光。 I will never forget the time ________________ together. 68．他迟到的原因是他错过了早班车。 The reason ________________ is that he missed the early bus. 69．他就是我们刚才谈论的那个人。 He is the man __________________ just now. 70．他经常上课迟到，这使他妈妈很生气。 He was often late for class, ____________________________. 四、语法填空 （26-27高二上·河南·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China is famous for its ancient inventions: papermaking, printing, gunpowder and the compass. But there is far more to its technological legacy than these. One 1 (remark) achievement is the Tonglushan ancient copper (铜) mining site. More than 3,000 years ago, people in China already mined and refined high-purity copper on a large scale at this site, 2 put them some 2,000 years ahead of the rest of the world. Located in Daye, Hubei Province, the site 3 (welcome) more than 20 million visitors since the 1980s. It received official 4 (appoint) as a National Archaeological Site Park in 2025 and is now working toward UNESCO World Heritage status. To further showcase China’s ancient industrial achievements, a large-screen presentation 5 (launch) last year features English subtitles alongside Chinese ones, while the park has also opened 6 educational workshop for visitors from China and abroad. The site was 7 (accidental) discovered during mining operations in 1973. Ancient craftsmen had already mastered complex techniques, 8 (control) furnace (熔炉) temperatures at around 1,200 degrees Celsius. Now, copper production here has moved into higher-value processing, serving fields 9 5G communications and semiconductor chips. “The spirit of craftsmanship continues to inspire us to create a large number of new 10 (wonder),” said an official. （26-27高二上·湖南长沙·阶段检测）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 El Nino, coupled with ongoing global climate change, tends to worsen extreme weather across the globe, 1 (pose) severe threats to natural ecosystems and human social development. Scientists point out that the 2 (combine) of global warming and El Nino is a major driver of increasing global disaster risks. In normal conditions, stable trade winds push warm seawater westward. However, during an El Nino period, these winds turn 3 (mild) and less powerful than usual. Recent meteorological (气象学的) data suggests that the chance of an El Nino 4 (appear) between June and August 2027 is as high as 80 percent. Climate researchers have different predictions. Some models forecast 5 strong El Nino in summer, while others indicate a mild one. 6 traditional natural El Nino activities, the current event coincides with (与……同时发生) global warming, 7 leads to unusual climate changes around the world. Human industrial activities constantly raise global surface temperatures, thus greatly strengthening El Nino's destructive force. Climate change 8 (transform) the global climate system so far, making extreme weather disasters related to El Nino more frequent. The overlap (重叠) of El Nino and global warming will bring frequent heatwaves, serious droughts and violent rainstorms, further causing wildfires, floods and crop failures. Experts believe that 2027 is very likely 9 (become) one of the hottest years on record. Climate impacts differ from area to area, which makes 10 difficult for people to predict accurate disaster risks in advance. 五、阅读理解 （26-27高二上·青海西宁·阶段检测）In many American cities, small four-wheeled robots with human names like Courtney and Deandre have become a common sight. These food delivery robots, operated by companies like Serve Robotics, carry Uber Eats orders over short distances. With flashing lights that look like eyes, they are designed to seem approachable. However, not everyone is welcoming them with open arms. When the robots first appeared in Atlanta, people were curious. They took photos and made videos. But after a few months, the novelty faded. Now, cyclists avoid them like any other obstacle (障碍物), and pedestrians walk around them without a second glance. The robots often get confused at crosswalks, move awkwardly, or get stuck on cracked sidewalks. Many times, they simply sit still, blocking the entrances to restaurants. The robots’ friendly appearance is no accident. According to Serve Robotics CEO Ali Kashani, the goal is to make them fun and accepted by communities. But critics like tech journalist Edward Ongweso Jr. argue that these robots are not friends — they are commercial products. Their real purpose is to make money for investors (投资人), not to help communities. He points out that people rarely get a say in whether these robots are introduced to their neighborhoods. Instead, companies push them into cities to make their use seem irresistible. Some experts also worry about safety and regulation. Dylan Losey, a professor who studies human-robot interaction, notes that the artificial intelligence (AI) systems running these robots are not properly checked by third parties. There are no clear safety standards yet. People are forced to trust that the robots are built with their best interests in mind, but that trust may be misplaced. In one case, a robot in Los Angeles even blocked a man with a wheelchair, causing a crash. I tried twelve times to order food through one of these robots but never succeeded. Human cyclists always delivered the food instead. This raises the question: are these robots truly useful, or are they just a technological novelty? Even in wealthy, walkable neighborhoods where they operate, many residents do not really need them. 1．Why do companies design robots with eye-like flashing lights? A．To speed up short-distance food delivery. B．To check how their AI systems work. C．To win acceptance from local communities. D．To warn cyclists of obstacles on sidewalks. 2．What lies behind the creation of the robots according to Edward Ongweso Jr.? A．Creating profits for investors. B．Bringing convenience to residents. C．Having third parties test AI systems. D．Solving traffic troubles on sidewalks. 3．What does the author want to show by mentioning the crash in Los Angeles? A．Pedestrians ignore road obstacles. B．Companies fix robots in time. C．Robots have hidden safety risks. D．Mobility aids often block crosswalks. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward food delivery robots? A．Supportive. B．Uninterested. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful. （26-27高二上·四川绵阳·阶段检测）Evan Budz, a 15-year-old boy from Ontario, Canada, is receiving global recognition for his invention: an autonomous bionic (自主仿生的) sea turtle robot. The robot, which uses AI to monitor (监测) ecological systems underwater, won Budz a first-place prize in the European Union Contest for Young Scientists. Budz was inspired to create this project after he observed the fluent movement of a turtle while camping. He saw potential in the way the turtle moved and invented a propulsion (推进) method that copies the swimming motion of green sea turtles in water. Not only is it a unique way to move through the water, but it also has less impact on the very environments that scientists are trying to protect. “Water habitats are important for humanity, and the routine surveying of these environments has become necessary,” Budz explained. “Using a creative bionic robot for such analysis ensures low ecological disruption (生态破坏).” Budz said the robot uses a computer vision imaging system powered by AI to measure coral health, which can detect coral bleaching (珊瑚白化) with 96% correctness. “The information gathered by the robot will ideally allow the right organizations to identify where these threats may be occurring, increasing awareness and supporting efforts to increase the overall health of impacted areas,” Budz said. “For ecological monitoring, I want to trouble the environment as little as possible,” he added. “That’s why I designed the robot to imitate the turtle, which allows it to conduct monitoring without disrupting other living things.” For Budz, it’s just another step in protecting the planet, a cause he has cared about for much of his adolescence. “I’ve been conducting a lot of different research and article reviews, and find that the environment is becoming increasingly more impacted by global warming and other human-caused impacts.” 1．What inspired Evan Budz to invent the autonomous bionic sea turtle robot? A．His desire to get recognition. B．The prize of the contest. C．The movement of a sea animal. D．His passion for AI development. 2．What is a feature of Budz’s robot? A．It’s fast-paced. B．It’s cost-effective. C．It’s energy-saving. D．It’s environment-friendly. 3．What does the underlined word “imitate” mean in paragraph 5? A．Copy. B．Track. C．Control. D．Describe. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．A new method of saving coral reefs. B．A science contest for young inventors. C．A study of green sea turtles’ movement. D．A turtle-inspired robot for ocean monitoring. （26-27高二上·河南·阶段检测）Cornell researchers have developed a new glove called EdemaFlex to reduce swelling for people suffering from edema (水肿). The glove has more than 30 actuators across the fingers and palm. It’s the latest version of the technology from Cindy Kao, associate professor of human centered design in the College of Human Ecology, who previously developed KnitDema, which used gentle pressure to reduce swelling in one finger. Later, she developed MediKnit, a better way to make soft medical devices. “The lower extremities have always been part of our goal,” Kao said. “We’re also thinking about it in terms of women’s health and in other body locations. We definitely see a lot of potential.” EdemaFlex works by giving pressure from the ends of the fingers toward the palm and wrist. This helps move fluid out of the swollen hand. The pressure can be changed to meet the needs of different patients. One challenge was deciding how to place the parts of the glove without affecting the systems that carry blood and fluid in the hand. “Clinicians help to identify specific patient needs based on their individual condition and reason for hand swelling,” said Dr. Joan Stilling, a professor at Weill Cornell Medicine. “Dr. Kao and her team bring advanced techniques and testable prototypes (样机) with visual feedback to the clinic. Our strong partnership allows for the optimization of the devices that are easily used, effective and address real-world problems.” The researchers tested the glove with seven people over three days, including a one-day home-based trial. Clinicians conducted fittings with each patient and sent measurements back to the lab via a software design platform. Over the course of the study, most participants experienced a 3% to 5% reduction in hand volume, although one participant had a 25% reduction. “We got some results,” Kao said. “They responded very favorably in terms of thermal safety, and the ease of being able to just wear something and not have to go to a doctor’s office for treatment.” 1．What does the author try to explain in paragraph 2? A．How doctors test EdemaFlex. B．Why the treatment for edema is costly. C．Why patients with edema prefer home treatment. D．How the technology from Kao and her team has developed. 2．What does the underlined word “optimization” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Invention. B．Copy. C．Improvement. D．Failure. 3．Which can best describe the result of the test? A．Amusing. B．Unreliable. C．Unexpected. D．Encouraging. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．A Smart Glove for Everyday Hand Care B．A Soft-robotic Glove for Swelling Relief C．A Medical Device for Better Blood Flow D．A Creative Method of Caring for the Elderly 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $