寒假作业07 阅读理解特训（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材译林版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业07 阅读理解特训 阅读理解解题全攻略（解题思路 + 解题步骤 + 解题技巧） 一、解题思路 1. 主旨为先：先明确文章体裁（记叙文 / 说明文 / 议论文）和核心主旨，所有小题答案都不能偏离主线。 2. 题干导向：带着题目关键词读文章，精准定位答案区间，避免盲目通读浪费时间。 3. 原文验证：正确答案一定能在原文中找到依据（同义替换、细节复现、归纳总结），杜绝 “感觉对” 的主观判断。 4. 题型分类突破：不同题型（细节题、主旨题、推理题）用不同策略，对症下药。 二、 四步标准解题步骤 1. 扫题干，划关键词（1分钟） 快速浏览所有题目，圈出题干中的关键词：人名、地名、时间、数字、核心名词/动词（如 disaster protect last summer）。 目的：明确要找的信息，带着目标读文章，避免通读后遗忘细节。 2. 读文章，定答案区间（3-5分钟） 记叙文：按时间/事件发展顺序读，标记人物、事件、起因、结果； 说明文：抓说明对象和特征，关注 first then finally 等逻辑词； 议论文：找论点（通常在首尾段）和论据，注意 however therefore 等态度词。 遇到题干关键词的对应内容，圈出段落序号，方便后续比对。 3. 逐题做，原文找依据（4-6分钟） 对照题目和锁定的区间，逐题作答，遵循 “题型对应策略”（见下文技巧）。 注意：答案要么是原文原词，要么是同义替换（如 look after = take care of），绝不凭空猜测。 4. 回原文，核查修正（1分钟） 做完所有题后，快速回看不确定的选项，再次比对原文，确认： 细节题：选项与原文信息完全一致，无偷换概念； 主旨题：选项能概括全文，而非某一段的大意； 推理题：推断内容符合原文逻辑，不超出原文范围。 三、 分题型解题技巧 1. 细节理解题（占比最高，送分题） · 提问方式：What did the writer do...? When...? Why...? Which of the following is TRUE? · 解题技巧： ① 用题干关键词精准定位原文句子，答案就在该句或上下句； ② 警惕干扰项陷阱：偷换主语 / 宾语、扩大 / 缩小范围、时态错误、绝对化表述（must never all 通常不对）。 2. 主旨大意题（易错题） · 提问方式：What is the main idea of the passage? The best title for the passage is... · 解题技巧： ① 优先看首尾段、首尾句，记叙文主旨常在结尾升华，说明文 / 议论文主旨常开门见山； ② 排除 “以偏概全” 的选项（只讲某一段内容）和 “无中生有” 的选项（原文未提及）； ③ 标题要简洁、醒目，能概括全文核心内容。 3. 推理判断题（难度中等） · 提问方式：We can infer from the passage that... What does the writer imply? · 解题技巧： ① 答案是原文信息的合理推断，不是原文原句，也不是凭空想象； ② 关注作者的态度词（如happy sad surprised angry），推断情感或观点； ③ 避免过度推理：原文没提的内容，哪怕看起来 “有道理” 也不选。 4. 词义猜测题（高频题） · 提问方式：The underlined word "..." means... What does the word "..." refer to? · 解题技巧： ① 利用上下文同义/反义关系：找that is in other words 等解释词，或but however 等转折词； ② 利用定语从句/同位语：后面的句子往往是对该词的解释； ③ 利用生活常识：结合八上教材词汇（如 disaster 结合上下文可猜出是 “灾害”）。 【易错提醒】 1. 不要凭 “语感” 或 “常识” 做题，一切答案以原文为依据； 2. 遇到生词不要慌，跳过或根据上下文猜，不影响理解主旨； 3. 控制时间：一篇阅读建议 8-10 分钟，难题先标记，做完其他题再回头； 4. 注意题干的否定词（如 NOT except wrong），避免因粗心看错。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 基础级 A Here is the 5-day weather report in Suqian, Jiangsu Province. Day Description Temperature (温度) Humidity (湿度) Monday April 14 Partly Foggy 5℃/17℃ 91% Tuesday April 15 A．M. Showers (阵雨) 8℃/19℃ 85% Wednesday April 16 Partly Cloudy 10℃/24℃ 79% Thursday April 17 Mostly Sunny 14℃/26℃ 78% Friday April 18 P. M. Showers 9℃/23℃ 92% 1．How is the weather like on Wednesday? A．Rainy. B．Sunny. C．Foggy. D．Cloudy. 2．Which day has the highest temperature this week? A．April 14. B．April 15. C．April 16. D．April 17. 3．Andrew plans to go on a picnic this week, which is the most suitable day? A．Tuesday. B．Wednesday. C．Thursday. D．Friday. B Human eyes may differ in color and strength of vision (视力), but they work the same way. In the animal world, however, there are a lot of strange and amazing eyes. Let’s look at some of them. Even if you eat lots of carrots, you still won’t see as well in the dark as an owl. Why do owls have such good night vision? Well, they have far more rod cells (视杆细胞) in their eyes than humans. Rod cells help them see things in the dark. Night vision isn’t the only seeing superpower in nature. Four-eyed fish are able to look at two places at once. They actually have two eyes, but each eye has two parts: an upper half for vision in air, and a lower half for vision in water. As is known to all, chameleons (变色龙) can change color. They have another important skill: moving each of their eyes independently. It allows them to look at two different places at a time, giving them full 360-degree vision. Chameleons can keep a close watch on prey (猎物) without moving their head. Scientists believe that the largest eyes in the animal world belong to colossal squids. Their eyes are 27 cm in diameter (直径) —about the size of a basketball. Why do colossal squids need such large eyes? 4．Why do owls have better night vision than humans? A．They eat more carrots than humans. B．Their eyes can change color at night. C．They have far more rod cells in their eyes. 5．What can we know about four-eyed fish? A．They can watch prey closely without head movement. B．They can see both above and below the water surface. C．They can change their color freely. 6．What does the underlined word “It” refer to? A．The ability to change color. B．The skill of moving each eye independently. C．The way to move the head quickly. 7．The eyes of ________are nearly the size of a basketball. A．owls B．colossal squids C．chameleons 8．What is the best title for the passage? A．Super powers of nature B．Strange living habits of animals C．Amazing eyes in the animal world C Plant Trees for a Greener Earth Tree Type Benefit Where to Plant Poplar trees (杨树) Keep air clean Road sides Fruit trees Produce fresh fruit Gardens, farms Willow trees (柳树) Stop soil erosion (侵蚀) River banks ★Trees are like Earth’s lungs (肺). Poplar trees take in harmful gases and make the air fresh. Fruit trees give us apples, oranges, and cool shade in summer. Willow trees have strong roots that hold soil in place, stopping it from being washed away near rivers. ★Planting trees is easy: join a tree planting club, or grow a small tree in your garden. Let’s make the world greener! 9．Where are poplar trees mainly planted? A．On beaches. B．On river banks. C．On mountains. D．On road sides. 10．How do willow trees help the environment? A．By producing oxygen for people to breathe. B．By stopping soil from being washed away. C．By attracting birds to build their nests. D．By reducing noise near river areas. 11．Where is the text most likely from? A．A travel diary. B．An environment handbook. C．A history textbook. D．A health magazine. 进阶级 A Do you know about the Amazon rainforest? It is the largest rainforest in the world. It covers about 5.5 million square kilometers in South America. The Amazon River runs through it. The rainforest is home to millions of species of plants and animals. It has more species of plants and animals than any other place on Earth. For example, there are over 40,000 types of plants, 1,300 types of birds and 430 types of mammals. The Amazon rainforest is also called the “lungs of the Earth”. It produces about 20% of the world's oxygen. It helps to control the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide. However, the rainforest is in danger. Every year, large areas of the forest are cut down for wood or to make space for farms. This is called deforestation. Deforestation is a big problem because it destroys the homes of many animals and plants. It also affects the climate. We must protect the Amazon rainforest. We can do things like reducing the use of wood products, supporting companies that protect the forest, and learning more about it. 1．Where is the Amazon rainforest? A．In North America. B．In South America. C．In Africa. D．In Asia. 2．How many square kilometers does it cover? A．About 5.5 million. B．About 5 million. C．About 4.5 million. D．About 4 million. 3．Why is it called the “lungs of the Earth”? A．Because it has many animals. B．Because it produces much oxygen. C．Because it has many plants. D．Because it is very large. 4．What is deforestation? A．Protecting the forest. B．Cutting down trees. C．Planting trees. D．Building farms. 5．What can we do to protect the rainforest? A．Use more wood products. B．Cut down trees. C．Support companies that protect the forest. D．Build more farms. B The blue whale is the largest animal that has ever lived on Earth. It is even bigger than the biggest dinosaurs. An adult blue whale can be 30 meters long and weigh 150 tons—that’s as heavy as 30 elephants. Blue whales live in oceans all over the world, except the Arctic Ocean. They swim in groups and communicate with each other using low sounds. These sounds can travel thousands of kilometers under water. Unlike many other whales, blue whales eat very small sea animals—krill. They can eat up to 4 tons of krill in one day. Mother blue whales feed their babies with milk, just like land animals. Blue whales are amazing, but they are in danger. There are not many left in the world. We must protect them and their home in the ocean. 6．How heavy can an adult blue whale be? A．30 tons. B．150 tons. C．130 tons. D．50 tons. 7．Where do blue whales NOT live? A．In the Pacific Ocean. B．In the Arctic Ocean. C．In the Atlantic Ocean. D．In the Indian Ocean. 8．What do blue whales eat? A．Dinosaurs. B．Small fish. C．Krill. D．Other whales. 9．How do blue whales communicate? A．By using low sounds. B．By swimming fast. C．By eating together. D．By fighting. 10．Why must we protect blue whales? A．They are too big. B．They are in danger. C．They eat too much. D．They live in oceans. C What’s the weather like today? It often changes our plans. Let’s take a look at what these young people in different cities are doing now. Amy: It’s sunny and warm in Sydney. It’s perfect weather for going out! I’m having a picnic in a big park with my family. We are sitting on a blanket, eating sandwiches and fruit. My little dog is also having fun, running happily on the green grass. Ben: It’s raining heavily in London. I can’t play football outside. So I’m watching an exciting football match on TV at home with my father. It’s also a lot of fun! Cathy: It’s snowing in Moscow! Everything is white and beautiful. My brother and I are making a big and funny snowman in the yard. Our parents are also outside, helping us find a carrot for the nose and stones for the eyes. David: It’s very windy in Beijing. Flying a kite is great fun on such a day! I’m in a large, open square (广场) with my friends. Look! My kite is flying so high in the sky! I think it almost touches the clouds! 11．What is Amy doing? A．She is watching TV. B．She is having a picnic. C．She is making a snowman. D．She is flying a kite. 12．Where is Ben? A．In London. B．In Sydney. C．In Moscow. D．In Beijing. 13．What are Cathy’s parents helping to find for the snowman? A．A hat and stones. B．A hat and a carrot. C．A carrot and stones. D．A branch and stones. 14．What’s the weather like in Beijing? A．Sunny. B．Rainy. C．Snowy. D．Windy. 15．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Amy is in the park by herself. B．Ben is playing football outside. C．Cathy’s parents are with her. D．David is flying a kite in the park. 拔高级 A Most of us know about fires, earthquakes, droughts and floods. But from time to time, Mother Nature surprises us, and brings a terrible weather event. Here are some examples of unusual weather. Strange rain: One day in 2005, people in a small town in Serbia looked out of their windows and saw an unusual sight. It was raining frogs . Without any warning, they found the streets full of small animals jumping about. “There were thousands of them,” someone said. “I thought maybe a plane carrying frogs exploded (爆炸),” said another. Scientists believe the tornado passed over a lake, lifted the frogs into the air, and then dropped them in a remote Serbian town. Fire tornadoes: Tornadoes don’t seem to be dangerous enough, but some of them can be made of fire. When a wildfire reaches very high temperatures, it causes the air to become hot and to rise. Cooler air rushes in to replace hot air. This causes strong winds. These winds suck away (吸走) burning plants and even the fire itself. When this happens, a fire tornado is produced. This tornado can be up to 15 metres wide and up to 122 metres high. Great balls of ice: In 1942, many skeletons (骨骼) were found under the ice of Roopkund Lake. Many had holes in their skulls (头盖骨). But they weren’t hurt in any other way. Scientists thought the people must have been hit from above. But for years, they haven’t found out the cause of their deaths. Today, scientists think these people were killed by giant hailstones — balls of ice. The blocks of ice grew bigger and bigger and turned into hailstones, until the wind couldn’t lift them and the hailstones fell to the ground. Unlucky people at Roopkund Lake had nowhere to run away, so they were all killed by the hailstones. 1．Which one is true about the frogs raining down in Serbia according to scientists? A．They fell out of a plane that exploded. B．They grew in the clouds and then fell down to the ground. C．A heavy rain brought the frogs from a town far away. D．A tornado took them from a lake and dropped them over the town. 2．We can put the sentence “This makes it very dangerous.” at the end of ________. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 3．What happened when little pieces of ice moved around in the wind? A．They became bigger. B．They became higher. C．They fell to the ground as snow. D．They became raindrops. 4．What can we know according to the passage? A．People’s activities have caused these three weather events. B．People in Serbia knew there might be strange rain. C．High temperatures cause hotter air to replace cool air. D．People at Roopkund Lake might be killed by great balls of ice from the sky. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Unusual weather B．Mother Nature C．Humans vs Nature D．Unusual tornadoes B Natalie Doan, a teenager in America, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says. On October 29, 2012, the ocean turned extremely terrible. That night, Hurricane (飓风) Sandy hit the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. The next day, Natalie and her family found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and people were having the most difficult time, especially the elderly. To help others rebuild, teenagers climbed stairs to send water and food to elderly people trapped (困住) in powerless high buildings. Natalie was deeply moved by all these things and decided to do something. “My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I deal with it.” Natalie’s choice was to help. She created a website page, matching people in need with people who wanted to offer help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick got a new collection. In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed things to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. She was later invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change. Today, the streets are clear and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie says, “Because of everyone’s efforts in making a better home, Rockaway will be even stronger than before.” 6．When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found ________. A．some friends had lost their lives B．her neighborhood was destroyed C．her school had moved to Brooklyn D．the elderly were free from suffering 7．The phrase “in ruins” Paragraph 2 means the neighborhood was ________. A．clean and tidy B．in a mess C．just the same as usual D．even better than before 8．How did Natalie help the people in need? A．She gave her toys to other kids. B．She took care of younger children. C．She called on the White House to help. D．She built an information sharing website. 9．According to Paragraph 3, who inspired Natalie most? A．The people helping Rockaway rebuild. B．The people trapped in high-rise buildings. C．The volunteers donating money to survivors. D．Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people. 10．Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage? A．Little people can make a big difference B．A friend in need is a friend indeed C．East or west, home is best D．Technology is power C If you take a walk in a forest and look up, you’ll notice something amazing: the treetops don’t actually touch each other. Tiny gaps (缺口) appear between them, creating a special phenomenon (现象) called “crown shyness”. This interesting action shows us how trees communicate and live together in the ecosystem. Trees like redwoods and ginkgo trees use this method to stay healthy and lively. They’re always competing for sunlight and water—the most important things for their survival. By keeping a certain distance from their neighbors, they protect their young shoots and leaves from damage (损坏). This wise action also helps stop harmful insects and diseases from spreading (传播) to other trees, just like we protect ourselves from sickness. In fact, this behavior plays an important role in the whole forest ecosystem. Healthy trees are home to many creatures like ants and various birds. They store carbon and clean our air, making our environment better for all humans. We should understand how important it is to protect our forests, as they are closely linked with our environment and happiness. So next time when you see trees standing with space between them, remember they’re teaching us how to be good neighbors in nature. Whether you’re a tree or a human, sharing space wisely and protecting each other brings happiness to everyone in this world. 11．What is “crown shyness”? A．Trees fighting for sunlight and water. B．Gaps between treetops that do not touch. C．A kind of insect that lives on trees. D．A method to keep the air clean and fresh. 12．Which human action is similar to the “wise action” of the trees in paragraph 2? A．Studying hard to get good grades in school. B．Eating healthy food to become taller and stronger. C．Not standing too close to a friend who has a cold. D．Sharing toys with friends to make everyone happy. 13．According to paragraph 3, what will probably happen if healthy trees are damaged? A．We will live a much happier life. B．Many birds may lose their homes. C．The air we breathe will be cleaner. D．The planet will be better for all humans. 14．According to the writer, what is the key to being a “good neighbor” for both trees and humans? A．Staying far away from each other all the time. B．Being the strongest and getting the best things. C．Sharing space smartly and looking after each other. D．Living together and sharing everything with each other. 15．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To describe what a forest looks like. B．To teach people how to keep trees healthy. C．To tell us a lesson we can learn from trees. D．To compare different kinds of trees and creatures. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业07 阅读理解特训 阅读理解解题全攻略（解题思路 + 解题步骤 + 解题技巧） 一、解题思路 1. 主旨为先：先明确文章体裁（记叙文 / 说明文 / 议论文）和核心主旨，所有小题答案都不能偏离主线。 2. 题干导向：带着题目关键词读文章，精准定位答案区间，避免盲目通读浪费时间。 3. 原文验证：正确答案一定能在原文中找到依据（同义替换、细节复现、归纳总结），杜绝 “感觉对” 的主观判断。 4. 题型分类突破：不同题型（细节题、主旨题、推理题）用不同策略，对症下药。 二、 四步标准解题步骤 1. 扫题干，划关键词（1分钟） 快速浏览所有题目，圈出题干中的关键词：人名、地名、时间、数字、核心名词/动词（如 disaster protect last summer）。 目的：明确要找的信息，带着目标读文章，避免通读后遗忘细节。 2. 读文章，定答案区间（3-5分钟） 记叙文：按时间/事件发展顺序读，标记人物、事件、起因、结果； 说明文：抓说明对象和特征，关注 first then finally 等逻辑词； 议论文：找论点（通常在首尾段）和论据，注意 however therefore 等态度词。 遇到题干关键词的对应内容，圈出段落序号，方便后续比对。 3. 逐题做，原文找依据（4-6分钟） 对照题目和锁定的区间，逐题作答，遵循 “题型对应策略”（见下文技巧）。 注意：答案要么是原文原词，要么是同义替换（如 look after = take care of），绝不凭空猜测。 4. 回原文，核查修正（1分钟） 做完所有题后，快速回看不确定的选项，再次比对原文，确认： 细节题：选项与原文信息完全一致，无偷换概念； 主旨题：选项能概括全文，而非某一段的大意； 推理题：推断内容符合原文逻辑，不超出原文范围。 三、 分题型解题技巧 1. 细节理解题（占比最高，送分题） · 提问方式：What did the writer do...? When...? Why...? Which of the following is TRUE? · 解题技巧： ① 用题干关键词精准定位原文句子，答案就在该句或上下句； ② 警惕干扰项陷阱：偷换主语 / 宾语、扩大 / 缩小范围、时态错误、绝对化表述（must never all 通常不对）。 2. 主旨大意题（易错题） · 提问方式：What is the main idea of the passage? The best title for the passage is... · 解题技巧： ① 优先看首尾段、首尾句，记叙文主旨常在结尾升华，说明文 / 议论文主旨常开门见山； ② 排除 “以偏概全” 的选项（只讲某一段内容）和 “无中生有” 的选项（原文未提及）； ③ 标题要简洁、醒目，能概括全文核心内容。 3. 推理判断题（难度中等） · 提问方式：We can infer from the passage that... What does the writer imply? · 解题技巧： ① 答案是原文信息的合理推断，不是原文原句，也不是凭空想象； ② 关注作者的态度词（如happy sad surprised angry），推断情感或观点； ③ 避免过度推理：原文没提的内容，哪怕看起来 “有道理” 也不选。 4. 词义猜测题（高频题） · 提问方式：The underlined word "..." means... What does the word "..." refer to? · 解题技巧： ① 利用上下文同义/反义关系：找that is in other words 等解释词，或but however 等转折词； ② 利用定语从句/同位语：后面的句子往往是对该词的解释； ③ 利用生活常识：结合八上教材词汇（如 disaster 结合上下文可猜出是 “灾害”）。 【易错提醒】 1. 不要凭 “语感” 或 “常识” 做题，一切答案以原文为依据； 2. 遇到生词不要慌，跳过或根据上下文猜，不影响理解主旨； 3. 控制时间：一篇阅读建议 8-10 分钟，难题先标记，做完其他题再回头； 4. 注意题干的否定词（如 NOT except wrong），避免因粗心看错。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 基础级 A Here is the 5-day weather report in Suqian, Jiangsu Province. Day Description Temperature (温度) Humidity (湿度) Monday April 14 Partly Foggy 5℃/17℃ 91% Tuesday April 15 A．M. Showers (阵雨) 8℃/19℃ 85% Wednesday April 16 Partly Cloudy 10℃/24℃ 79% Thursday April 17 Mostly Sunny 14℃/26℃ 78% Friday April 18 P. M. Showers 9℃/23℃ 92% 1．How is the weather like on Wednesday? A．Rainy. B．Sunny. C．Foggy. D．Cloudy. 2．Which day has the highest temperature this week? A．April 14. B．April 15. C．April 16. D．April 17. 3．Andrew plans to go on a picnic this week, which is the most suitable day? A．Tuesday. B．Wednesday. C．Thursday. D．Friday. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文是一份天气预报，介绍了江苏省宿迁市5天的天气预报。 1．细节理解题。根据表格第四行“Wednesday April 16”对应的“Partly Cloudy”可知，星期三多云。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据表格可知，最高温是26℃，在4月17日。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据表格可知，4月17日星期四，天气晴朗，温度适中，适合去野餐。故选C。 B Human eyes may differ in color and strength of vision (视力), but they work the same way. In the animal world, however, there are a lot of strange and amazing eyes. Let’s look at some of them. Even if you eat lots of carrots, you still won’t see as well in the dark as an owl. Why do owls have such good night vision? Well, they have far more rod cells (视杆细胞) in their eyes than humans. Rod cells help them see things in the dark. Night vision isn’t the only seeing superpower in nature. Four-eyed fish are able to look at two places at once. They actually have two eyes, but each eye has two parts: an upper half for vision in air, and a lower half for vision in water. As is known to all, chameleons (变色龙) can change color. They have another important skill: moving each of their eyes independently. It allows them to look at two different places at a time, giving them full 360-degree vision. Chameleons can keep a close watch on prey (猎物) without moving their head. Scientists believe that the largest eyes in the animal world belong to colossal squids. Their eyes are 27 cm in diameter (直径) —about the size of a basketball. Why do colossal squids need such large eyes? 4．Why do owls have better night vision than humans? A．They eat more carrots than humans. B．Their eyes can change color at night. C．They have far more rod cells in their eyes. 5．What can we know about four-eyed fish? A．They can watch prey closely without head movement. B．They can see both above and below the water surface. C．They can change their color freely. 6．What does the underlined word “It” refer to? A．The ability to change color. B．The skill of moving each eye independently. C．The way to move the head quickly. 7．The eyes of ________are nearly the size of a basketball. A．owls B．colossal squids C．chameleons 8．What is the best title for the passage? A．Super powers of nature B．Strange living habits of animals C．Amazing eyes in the animal world 【答案】4．C 5．B 6．B 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了动物世界中几种具有奇特且令人惊叹的眼睛的动物，包括猫头鹰、四眼鱼、变色龙和大王乌贼，以及它们眼睛的独特功能。 4．细节理解题。根据“Even if you eat lots of carrots, you still won’t see as well in the dark as an owl. Why do owls have such good night vision? Well, they have far more rod cells (视杆细胞) in their eyes than humans.”可知，猫头鹰夜视能力比人类好是因为它们眼睛里的视杆细胞比人类多得多。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“Four-eyed fish are able to look at two places at once. They actually have two eyes, but each eye has two parts: an upper half for vision in air, and a lower half for vision in water.”可知，四眼鱼的每只眼睛分为两部分，上半部分用于空中视物，下半部分用于水中视物，因此它们能同时看到水面以上和以下的东西。故选B。 6．词句猜测题。根据“They have another important skill: moving each of their eyes independently. It allows them to look at two different places at a time...”可知，前文提到变色龙的另一项重要技能是能独立移动每只眼睛，后文说这让它们能同时看向两个不同的地方，因此“ It”指代的是“独立移动每只眼睛的技能”。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据“Scientists believe that the largest eyes in the animal world belong to colossal squids. Their eyes are 27 cm in diameter (直径)—about the size of a basketball.”可知，大王乌贼的眼睛直径约27厘米，差不多和篮球一样大。故选B。 8．最佳标题题。文章开篇点明“在动物世界中，有很多奇特且令人惊叹的眼睛”，随后分别介绍了猫头鹰、四眼鱼、变色龙和大王乌贼的眼睛特点及功能，核心围绕“动物世界中令人惊叹的眼睛”展开。故选C。 C Plant Trees for a Greener Earth Tree Type Benefit Where to Plant Poplar trees (杨树) Keep air clean Road sides Fruit trees Produce fresh fruit Gardens, farms Willow trees (柳树) Stop soil erosion (侵蚀) River banks ★Trees are like Earth’s lungs (肺). Poplar trees take in harmful gases and make the air fresh. Fruit trees give us apples, oranges, and cool shade in summer. Willow trees have strong roots that hold soil in place, stopping it from being washed away near rivers. ★Planting trees is easy: join a tree planting club, or grow a small tree in your garden. Let’s make the world greener! 9．Where are poplar trees mainly planted? A．On beaches. B．On river banks. C．On mountains. D．On road sides. 10．How do willow trees help the environment? A．By producing oxygen for people to breathe. B．By stopping soil from being washed away. C．By attracting birds to build their nests. D．By reducing noise near river areas. 11．Where is the text most likely from? A．A travel diary. B．An environment handbook. C．A history textbook. D．A health magazine. 【答案】9．D 10．B 11．B 【导语】本文介绍了三种树木的益处和种植地点，并鼓励人们植树造林，让地球更绿色。 9．细节理解题。根据表格中“Poplar trees”对应的“Where to Plant: Road sides”可知，杨树主要种植在路边。故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据表格中“Willow trees”对应的“Benefit: Stop soil erosion”以及描述“Willow trees have strong roots that hold soil in place, stopping it from being washed away near rivers.”可知，柳树通过强壮的根系固定土壤，防止水土流失。故选B。 11．推理判断题。本文主要介绍植树对环境的益处及种植建议，属于环保知识，因此最可能出自环境手册。故选B。 进阶级 A Do you know about the Amazon rainforest? It is the largest rainforest in the world. It covers about 5.5 million square kilometers in South America. The Amazon River runs through it. The rainforest is home to millions of species of plants and animals. It has more species of plants and animals than any other place on Earth. For example, there are over 40,000 types of plants, 1,300 types of birds and 430 types of mammals. The Amazon rainforest is also called the “lungs of the Earth”. It produces about 20% of the world's oxygen. It helps to control the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide. However, the rainforest is in danger. Every year, large areas of the forest are cut down for wood or to make space for farms. This is called deforestation. Deforestation is a big problem because it destroys the homes of many animals and plants. It also affects the climate. We must protect the Amazon rainforest. We can do things like reducing the use of wood products, supporting companies that protect the forest, and learning more about it. 1．Where is the Amazon rainforest? A．In North America. B．In South America. C．In Africa. D．In Asia. 2．How many square kilometers does it cover? A．About 5.5 million. B．About 5 million. C．About 4.5 million. D．About 4 million. 3．Why is it called the “lungs of the Earth”? A．Because it has many animals. B．Because it produces much oxygen. C．Because it has many plants. D．Because it is very large. 4．What is deforestation? A．Protecting the forest. B．Cutting down trees. C．Planting trees. D．Building farms. 5．What can we do to protect the rainforest? A．Use more wood products. B．Cut down trees. C．Support companies that protect the forest. D．Build more farms. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了亚马逊雨林的相关情况。 1．细节理解题。根据“It covers about 5.5 million square kilometers in South America.”可知，亚马逊雨林位于南美洲。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“It covers about 5.5 million square kilometers in South America.”可知，雨林面积约为550万平方公里。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“It produces about 20% of the world's oxygen.”可知，它被称为“地球之肺”是因为能产生大量氧气。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Every year, large areas of the forest are cut down for wood or to make space for farms. This is called deforestation.”可知，森林砍伐指的是砍伐树木的行为。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“We can do things like reducing the use of wood products, supporting companies that protect the forest, and learning more about it.”可知，支持保护森林的公司是保护雨林的举措之一。故选C。 B The blue whale is the largest animal that has ever lived on Earth. It is even bigger than the biggest dinosaurs. An adult blue whale can be 30 meters long and weigh 150 tons—that’s as heavy as 30 elephants. Blue whales live in oceans all over the world, except the Arctic Ocean. They swim in groups and communicate with each other using low sounds. These sounds can travel thousands of kilometers under water. Unlike many other whales, blue whales eat very small sea animals—krill. They can eat up to 4 tons of krill in one day. Mother blue whales feed their babies with milk, just like land animals. Blue whales are amazing, but they are in danger. There are not many left in the world. We must protect them and their home in the ocean. 6．How heavy can an adult blue whale be? A．30 tons. B．150 tons. C．130 tons. D．50 tons. 7．Where do blue whales NOT live? A．In the Pacific Ocean. B．In the Arctic Ocean. C．In the Atlantic Ocean. D．In the Indian Ocean. 8．What do blue whales eat? A．Dinosaurs. B．Small fish. C．Krill. D．Other whales. 9．How do blue whales communicate? A．By using low sounds. B．By swimming fast. C．By eating together. D．By fighting. 10．Why must we protect blue whales? A．They are too big. B．They are in danger. C．They eat too much. D．They live in oceans. 【答案】6．B 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了蓝鲸的基本特征和生活习性，包括其巨大的体型、分布范围、食物来源、交流方式，并呼吁保护这一濒危物种。 6．细节理解题。根据“An adult blue whale can be 30 meters long and weigh 150 tons—that’s as heavy as 30 elephants.”可知，一头成年蓝鲸可能有30米长，150吨重——相当于30头大象的重量。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据“Blue whales live in oceans all over the world, except the Arctic Ocean.”可知，除了北冰洋，蓝鲸生活在世界各地的海洋中。故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据“Unlike many other whales, blue whales eat very small sea animals—krill.”可知，与许多其他鲸鱼不同，蓝鲸吃非常小的海洋动物——磷虾。故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据“They swim in groups and communicate with each other using low sounds.”可知，蓝鲸成群游动，用低声彼此交流。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据“Blue whales are amazing, but they are in danger. There are not many left in the world. We must protect them and their home in the ocean.”可知，蓝鲸正处于危险之中，世界上已经没有多少了，所以，我们必须保护它们和它们在海洋中的家园。故选B。 C What’s the weather like today? It often changes our plans. Let’s take a look at what these young people in different cities are doing now. Amy: It’s sunny and warm in Sydney. It’s perfect weather for going out! I’m having a picnic in a big park with my family. We are sitting on a blanket, eating sandwiches and fruit. My little dog is also having fun, running happily on the green grass. Ben: It’s raining heavily in London. I can’t play football outside. So I’m watching an exciting football match on TV at home with my father. It’s also a lot of fun! Cathy: It’s snowing in Moscow! Everything is white and beautiful. My brother and I are making a big and funny snowman in the yard. Our parents are also outside, helping us find a carrot for the nose and stones for the eyes. David: It’s very windy in Beijing. Flying a kite is great fun on such a day! I’m in a large, open square (广场) with my friends. Look! My kite is flying so high in the sky! I think it almost touches the clouds! 11．What is Amy doing? A．She is watching TV. B．She is having a picnic. C．She is making a snowman. D．She is flying a kite. 12．Where is Ben? A．In London. B．In Sydney. C．In Moscow. D．In Beijing. 13．What are Cathy’s parents helping to find for the snowman? A．A hat and stones. B．A hat and a carrot. C．A carrot and stones. D．A branch and stones. 14．What’s the weather like in Beijing? A．Sunny. B．Rainy. C．Snowy. D．Windy. 15．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Amy is in the park by herself. B．Ben is playing football outside. C．Cathy’s parents are with her. D．David is flying a kite in the park. 【答案】11．B 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了不同城市的天气和人们的活动。 11．细节理解题。根据“I’m having a picnic in a big park with my family.” 可知，Amy正在和家人在公园野餐。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据“It’s raining heavily in London.”可知，Ben所在的城市是伦敦。故选A。 13．细节理解题。根据“Our parents are also outside, helping us find a carrot for the nose and stones for the eyes.”可知，Cathy的父母在帮她找雪人的鼻子用的胡萝卜和眼睛用的石头。故选C。   14．细节理解题。根据“It’s very windy in Beijing.” 可知，北京的天气是多风的。故选D。 15．细节理解题。根据“Our parents are also outside, helping us find a carrot for the nose and stones for the eyes.”可知，Cathy的父母和她在一起。故选C。 拔高级 A Most of us know about fires, earthquakes, droughts and floods. But from time to time, Mother Nature surprises us, and brings a terrible weather event. Here are some examples of unusual weather. Strange rain: One day in 2005, people in a small town in Serbia looked out of their windows and saw an unusual sight. It was raining frogs . Without any warning, they found the streets full of small animals jumping about. “There were thousands of them,” someone said. “I thought maybe a plane carrying frogs exploded (爆炸),” said another. Scientists believe the tornado passed over a lake, lifted the frogs into the air, and then dropped them in a remote Serbian town. Fire tornadoes: Tornadoes don’t seem to be dangerous enough, but some of them can be made of fire. When a wildfire reaches very high temperatures, it causes the air to become hot and to rise. Cooler air rushes in to replace hot air. This causes strong winds. These winds suck away (吸走) burning plants and even the fire itself. When this happens, a fire tornado is produced. This tornado can be up to 15 metres wide and up to 122 metres high. Great balls of ice: In 1942, many skeletons (骨骼) were found under the ice of Roopkund Lake. Many had holes in their skulls (头盖骨). But they weren’t hurt in any other way. Scientists thought the people must have been hit from above. But for years, they haven’t found out the cause of their deaths. Today, scientists think these people were killed by giant hailstones — balls of ice. The blocks of ice grew bigger and bigger and turned into hailstones, until the wind couldn’t lift them and the hailstones fell to the ground. Unlucky people at Roopkund Lake had nowhere to run away, so they were all killed by the hailstones. 1．Which one is true about the frogs raining down in Serbia according to scientists? A．They fell out of a plane that exploded. B．They grew in the clouds and then fell down to the ground. C．A heavy rain brought the frogs from a town far away. D．A tornado took them from a lake and dropped them over the town. 2．We can put the sentence “This makes it very dangerous.” at the end of ________. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 3．What happened when little pieces of ice moved around in the wind? A．They became bigger. B．They became higher. C．They fell to the ground as snow. D．They became raindrops. 4．What can we know according to the passage? A．People’s activities have caused these three weather events. B．People in Serbia knew there might be strange rain. C．High temperatures cause hotter air to replace cool air. D．People at Roopkund Lake might be killed by great balls of ice from the sky. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Unusual weather B．Mother Nature C．Humans vs Nature D．Unusual tornadoes 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些异常的天气现象。 1．细节理解题。根据“Scientists believe the tornado passed over a lake, lifted the frogs into the air, and then dropped them in a remote Serbian town.”可知，科学家们认为龙卷风经过湖泊，把青蛙们带到了空中，然后它们掉落在塞尔维亚的一个偏远小镇。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“This tornado can be up to 15 metres wide and up to 122 metres high.”可知，这场龙卷风能有15米宽，122米高，由此可知，这样会很危险，因此这句话应该放在第三段末。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“The blocks of ice grew bigger and bigger and turned into hailstones, until the wind couldn’t lift them and the hailstones fell to the ground.”可知，冰块变得越来越大，变成了冰雹，风吹不动它们，冰雹落会砸到地面。故选A。 4．.细节理解题。根据“Unlucky people at Roopkund Lake had nowhere to run away, so they were all killed by the hailstones.”可知答案人们可能是被从天而降的冰雹砸死的。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一些异常的天气现象。A项“不寻常的天气”符合题意。故选A。 B Natalie Doan, a teenager in America, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says. On October 29, 2012, the ocean turned extremely terrible. That night, Hurricane (飓风) Sandy hit the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. The next day, Natalie and her family found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and people were having the most difficult time, especially the elderly. To help others rebuild, teenagers climbed stairs to send water and food to elderly people trapped (困住) in powerless high buildings. Natalie was deeply moved by all these things and decided to do something. “My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I deal with it.” Natalie’s choice was to help. She created a website page, matching people in need with people who wanted to offer help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick got a new collection. In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed things to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. She was later invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change. Today, the streets are clear and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie says, “Because of everyone’s efforts in making a better home, Rockaway will be even stronger than before.” 6．When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found ________. A．some friends had lost their lives B．her neighborhood was destroyed C．her school had moved to Brooklyn D．the elderly were free from suffering 7．The phrase “in ruins” Paragraph 2 means the neighborhood was ________. A．clean and tidy B．in a mess C．just the same as usual D．even better than before 8．How did Natalie help the people in need? A．She gave her toys to other kids. B．She took care of younger children. C．She called on the White House to help. D．She built an information sharing website. 9．According to Paragraph 3, who inspired Natalie most? A．The people helping Rockaway rebuild. B．The people trapped in high-rise buildings. C．The volunteers donating money to survivors. D．Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people. 10．Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage? A．Little people can make a big difference B．A friend in need is a friend indeed C．East or west, home is best D．Technology is power 【答案】6．B 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文讲述了美国青少年Natalie Doan在飓风桑迪袭击她的家乡后，通过创建网站帮助社区重建的故事。 6．细节理解题。根据“The next day, Natalie and her family found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知，Natalie发现她的社区被摧毁了。故选B。 7．词句猜测题。根据“Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes”（Natalie的许多朋友失去了家园）可推知，“in ruins”意为“成为一片废墟”，即一团糟。故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据“She created a website page, matching people in need with people who wanted to offer help.”可知，Natalie通过建立一个信息共享网站来帮助有需要的人。故选D。 9．推理判断题。根据“To help others rebuild, teenagers climbed stairs to send water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high buildings. Natalie was deeply moved by all these things and decided to do something.”（为了帮助其他人重建，青少年们爬楼梯为被困在停电的高楼中的老年人送水和食物。Natalie被所有这些事情深深打动，决定做点什么。）可推知，帮助Rockaway重建的人们最激励Natalie。故选A。 10．标题归纳题。本文讲述了Natalie通过自己的努力帮助社区重建，体现了小人物也能产生大影响。用“Little people can make a big difference”做标题最合适。故选A。 C If you take a walk in a forest and look up, you’ll notice something amazing: the treetops don’t actually touch each other. Tiny gaps (缺口) appear between them, creating a special phenomenon (现象) called “crown shyness”. This interesting action shows us how trees communicate and live together in the ecosystem. Trees like redwoods and ginkgo trees use this method to stay healthy and lively. They’re always competing for sunlight and water—the most important things for their survival. By keeping a certain distance from their neighbors, they protect their young shoots and leaves from damage (损坏). This wise action also helps stop harmful insects and diseases from spreading (传播) to other trees, just like we protect ourselves from sickness. In fact, this behavior plays an important role in the whole forest ecosystem. Healthy trees are home to many creatures like ants and various birds. They store carbon and clean our air, making our environment better for all humans. We should understand how important it is to protect our forests, as they are closely linked with our environment and happiness. So next time when you see trees standing with space between them, remember they’re teaching us how to be good neighbors in nature. Whether you’re a tree or a human, sharing space wisely and protecting each other brings happiness to everyone in this world. 11．What is “crown shyness”? A．Trees fighting for sunlight and water. B．Gaps between treetops that do not touch. C．A kind of insect that lives on trees. D．A method to keep the air clean and fresh. 12．Which human action is similar to the “wise action” of the trees in paragraph 2? A．Studying hard to get good grades in school. B．Eating healthy food to become taller and stronger. C．Not standing too close to a friend who has a cold. D．Sharing toys with friends to make everyone happy. 13．According to paragraph 3, what will probably happen if healthy trees are damaged? A．We will live a much happier life. B．Many birds may lose their homes. C．The air we breathe will be cleaner. D．The planet will be better for all humans. 14．According to the writer, what is the key to being a “good neighbor” for both trees and humans? A．Staying far away from each other all the time. B．Being the strongest and getting the best things. C．Sharing space smartly and looking after each other. D．Living together and sharing everything with each other. 15．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To describe what a forest looks like. B．To teach people how to keep trees healthy. C．To tell us a lesson we can learn from trees. D．To compare different kinds of trees and creatures. 【答案】11．B 12．C 13．B 14．C 15．C 【导语】本文通过介绍树木间保持适当距离的“树冠羞避”现象，揭示了其在避免伤害、维持健康方面的智慧，并引申出人类应学习这种明智共享空间、相互保护的共存之道。 11．细节理解题。根据“Tiny gaps (缺口) appear between them, creating a special phenomenon (现象) called ‘crown shyness’.”可知，“crown shyness”指的是树冠之间出现的微小空隙，这些树冠并不相互接触。故选B。 12．推理判断题。根据“This wise action also helps stop harmful insects and diseases from spreading (传播) to other trees, just like we protect ourselves from sickness.…”可知，树木保持距离的明智行为有助于阻止害虫和疾病传播到其他树木，就像我们保护自己远离疾病一样。不与感冒的朋友靠得太近，正是为了防止疾病传播，这与树木的行为逻辑相似。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据“Healthy trees are home to many creatures like ants and various birds.”可知，健康的树木是许多生物，如蚂蚁和各种鸟类的家园。如果健康的树木遭到破坏，这些鸟类可能会失去它们的栖息地。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据“Whether you’re a tree or a human, sharing space wisely and protecting each other brings happiness to everyone in this world.”可知，无论是树木还是人类，成为好邻居的关键在于明智地分享空间并相互保护。故选C。 15．主旨大意题。根据“So next time when you see trees standing with space between them, remember they’re teaching us how to be good neighbors in nature.”可知，本文通过描述“树冠羞避”现象，揭示了树木之间如何通过保持适当距离来实现健康共存，并最终引申出人类可以从树木的这种现象中学习这一智慧。故选C。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $