热点04 福建舰入列服役（热点专练）（天津专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

热点04 福建舰入列服役 内容导航 原文欣赏 词汇积累 限时实战 热点时文阅读 情境导入 高效科普：福建舰入列服役 话题词汇速记 聚焦话题，扩充语料库：threat, region, objective, scale, mission, joint, determine, conduct, target, security, defense, due to, long before, based on, capable of 热点限时精练 模拟实战 巩固提升：完形填空1篇+阅读理解4篇+阅读表达2篇+应用文写作1篇 【背景速递】 福建舰（舷号18）是中国第三艘航空母舰，也是完全自主设计建造的首艘弹射型航母。它于2022年6月17日在上海江南造船厂下水，2025年11月正式入列服役，标志着中国海军迈入电磁弹射时代与“三航母时代”。 作为全球首艘常规动力搭配电磁弹射技术的航母，福建舰满载排水量8万余吨，跳过传统蒸汽弹射路径，核心系统完全自主研发。其发展承接辽宁舰的改装摸索与山东舰的自主建造，实现了从滑跃起飞到电磁弹射的历史性跨越，推动海军从“近海防御”向“远海防卫”转型，是国家科技实力与综合国力的集中体现。 【原文欣赏】 The most important task for the crew of the CNS Fujian - China's third aircraft carrier and the world's largest conventionally powered warship - is to conduct in-depth testing and additional trial runs of its equipment, according to the ship's captain. Senior Captain Chen Zhi guo told State broadcaster China Central Television on Saturday that he will lead the crew to further test the vessel's capabilities. At the same time, they will make all-out efforts to prepare for the full-scale deployment of aircraft squadrons and to build joint combat capacity with other assets in the carrier strike group, he said. "I'm convinced that, following the development path guided by President Xi Jin ping, we, the crew of the Fujian, will 'cleave through the waves' to complete our missions set by the Party and the people," Chen said. The Fujian is the first aircraft carrier in the People's Liberation Army Navy equipped with a cutting-edge electromagnetic catapult system. It is also the largest, heaviest and most powerful naval vessel ever built in the Eastern Hemisphere. The gigantic ship, which displaces more than 80,000 metric tons of water, entered service on Wednesday at a naval base in Sanya, Hainan province. Senior Captain Leng Guo wei, a spokesman for the Navy, said on Saturday that Sanya will be the supercarrier's home base due to factors including strategic demand, port conditions, support capacity and mission requirements. He said the Fujian will be sent to oceans far from China on a regular basis and added that it will not be long before the full-scale deployment of aircraft squadrons begins on the supercarrier. Leng said the development and improvement of China's weaponry do not target any country or specific objective, nor will they pose a threat to any country or region. The efforts are solely aimed at safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and development interests. "Regarding China's follow-up development plans for aircraft carriers, they will be comprehensively considered based on national defense needs," Leng said. "It is important to emphasize that our country's nature as a socialist country, its strategic choice of taking the path of peaceful development, and its independent, peaceful foreign policy determine that we will never abandon our defensive national defense policy." An industry insider in China's shipbuilding sector, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said the Fujian's commissioning means the PLA Navy has entered the three-carrier club and is theoretically capable of deploying a carrier strike group anytime it wants. That also means the Navy's long-range operational capability is far stronger than before. 【译文赏析】 中国第三艘航空母舰、全球最大常规动力战舰——福建舰的舰长表示，该舰全体船员当前的核心任务是对装备进行深入测试和补充试航。 上周六，陈志国大校在接受中央广播电视总台采访时称，他将带领船员进一步检验舰艇性能。 同时，全体船员将全力推进舰载机中队全面部署准备工作，构建航母打击群与其他作战力量的联合作战能力。 “我坚信，在习近平主席指引的发展道路上，我们福建舰全体官兵将劈波斩浪，完成党和人民赋予的各项任务。”陈志国说。 福建舰是中国人民解放军海军首艘配备尖端电磁弹射系统的航母，也是东半球有史以来建造的吨位最大、体量最重、战力最强的海军舰艇。 这艘排水量超过8万吨的巨舰于周三在海南三亚某海军基地正式入列服役。 海军发言人冷国伟大校上周六表示，综合战略需求、港口条件、保障能力和任务需要等因素，三亚将成为这艘超级航母的母港。 他透露，福建舰将定期前出远海执行任务，且舰载机中队全面部署已为期不远。 冷国伟强调，中国武器装备的发展不针对任何国家或特定目标，也不会对任何国家或地区构成威胁，完全是为了维护中国的主权、安全和发展利益。 “关于中国后续航母发展计划，将根据国防需求统筹考虑。”冷国伟说，“需要着重指出的是，中国社会主义国家的性质、走和平发展道路的战略抉择以及独立自主的和平外交政策，决定了我们永远不会放弃防御性国防政策。” 一位不愿具名的中国造船业业内人士表示，福建舰的入列“标志着中国海军正式跻身‘三航母俱乐部’，理论上具备随时部署航母打击群的能力， 这也意味着海军的远程作战能力较以往有了质的飞跃。 【课标词汇积累】 序号 单词 / 短语 词性及汉译 例句及汉译 1 additional adj. 附加的；额外的 The teacher asked us to do some additional exercises after class. 老师要求我们课后做一些额外的练习题。 2 threat n. 威胁；恐吓；凶兆 Air pollution is a serious threat to people’s health. 空气污染对人们的健康构成了严重威胁。 3 region n. 地区；范围；领域；地带；地域 This plant only grows in the northern region of the country. 这种植物只生长在这个国家的北部地区。 4 objective adj. 客观的；真实的；宾语的 n. 目标；目的；宾语 We should take an objective attitude towards this problem. 汉译 1：我们应该以客观的态度看待这个问题。 Our main objective is to pass the final exam with good grades. 汉译 2：我们的主要目标是高分通过期末考试。 5 scale n. 等级，规模；刻度；音阶；量程；天平 v. 攀登；到达… 顶点；去鳞 The company is planning to expand its business on a large scale. 这家公司正计划大规模拓展业务。 It took them three hours to scale the steep mountain. 他们花了三个小时才登上这座陡峭的山。 6 mission n. 使命；代表团；任务；布道 v. 派遣；向… 传教；把任务交给 The doctors’ mission is to save lives and cure the wounded. 医生的使命是救死扶伤。 The government missioned him to negotiate with the neighboring country. 政府派遣他去和邻国进行谈判。 7 joint adj. 联合的；共同的；连带的；合资的 n. 关节；接头；接合处；接缝；夜总会 v. 贴合；连接 The two companies made a joint effort to develop new products. 这两家公司共同努力研发新产品。 He hurt his knee joint while playing basketball yesterday. 他昨天打篮球时伤到了膝关节。 8 emphasize vt. 强调；重视；着重；使突出 The speaker emphasized the importance of protecting the environment many times. 演讲者多次强调了保护环境的重要性。 9 capability n. 能力；才能；性能；容量 This new software has the capability to process large amounts of data quickly. 这款新软件具备快速处理大量数据的能力。 10 demand n. 要求；需求 v. 要求；查问；需要 There is a growing demand for organic food in the market. 市场上对有机食品的需求正在不断增长。 The workers demand higher salaries and better working conditions. 工人们要求更高的薪水和更好的工作条件。 11 determine v. 决定；决心；确定；测定 What you read in your spare time will determine your future to some extent. 你业余时间读的书会在一定程度上决定你的未来。 12 range n. 范围；射程；类别；（山脉，房屋等的）排列 vi. 搜索；变化；延伸；漫游 vt. 排列；（按一定位置或顺序）排序；把… 分类；徘徊 adj. 牧场的，放牧区的 The price of this kind of mobile phone is in the range of 2000 to 3000 yuan. 这款手机的价格在 2000 到 3000 元之间。 The temperature in this city ranges from -5℃ to 25℃ in spring. 这座城市春季的气温在零下 5 摄氏度到 25 摄氏度之间变化。 13 conduct n. 行为；举动；品行 v. 引导；指挥；管理 vt. 导电；传热 The student was praised for his good conduct at school. 这名学生因在校品行良好而受到表扬。 Copper is a kind of metal that can conduct electricity well. 铜是一种导电性能良好的金属。 14 target n. 目标；对象；靶 vt. 把... 作为目标；瞄准 His target is to be admitted to a top university next year. 他的目标是明年考上一所顶尖大学。 The company is targeting young people with its new products. 这家公司正将其新产品的目标客户锁定为年轻人。 15 abandon v. 放弃；抛弃；放纵 n. 放纵 She didn’t abandon her dream even though she failed many times. 尽管失败了很多次，她也没有放弃自己的梦想。 The man lived a life of abandon after he made a fortune. 这个男人发财后就过着放纵的生活。 16 security n. 安全；保证；证券；债券；抵押；防护措施 The government has taken strict measures to ensure national security. 政府已经采取了严格的措施来保障国家安全。 17 trial n. 审讯；试验；试用；尝试；预赛或选拔赛；讨厌的事；惹麻烦的人 v. 测试 The new drug is still in the trial stage and can’t be sold to the public. 这种新药还处于试验阶段，不能向公众出售。 The engineers are trialing the new machine to check its performance. 工程师们正在测试这台新机器，以检查其性能。 18 crew n. 全体船员；全体乘务员；(一组) 工作人员；划艇队员 v. 当船员；当机务人员 The crew of the plane did their best to ensure the passengers’ safety. 这架飞机的全体乘务员尽了最大努力保障乘客的安全。 He dreamed of crewing on an ocean liner when he was a child. 他小时候梦想着在远洋客轮上当船员。 19 port n. 港口；〈英〉门；舱门；机场；避风港 v.【计】移植；持 (枪)；转 (舵) 向左；转舵向左 Many ships are waiting to unload goods at the port. 许多船只正在港口等待卸货。 The programmer needs to port this software to a new operating system. 程序员需要把这款软件移植到新的操作系统上。 20 defense n. 防卫；防卫物；辩护 vt. 防守 The army plays an important role in national defense. 军队在国防中扮演着重要角色。 The football team will defense strongly in the second half of the match. 这支足球队将在下半场比赛中全力防守。 21 due to 因为，由于 His absence from class was due to a serious illness. 他缺课是因为得了一场重病。 22 long before 在很久以前 People began to use fire for cooking long before the invention of electricity. 在电发明之前很久，人们就开始用火做饭了。 23 further adv. 更远地，再往前地；进一步；此外，而且 adj. 更多的，进一步的；（距离上）更远的，较远的 We need to discuss this problem further to reach an agreement. 我们需要进一步讨论这个问题以达成共识。 There is no further information about the missing boy at present. 目前没有关于失踪男孩的更多信息。 24 based on 以... 为基础；基于 The film is based on a true story that happened in a small village. 这部电影是基于一个发生在小村庄里的真实故事改编的。 25 capable of 有… 能力（或技能）的，能… 的 With hard training, she is capable of winning the championship in the competition. 经过刻苦训练，她有能力在这次比赛中夺冠。 26 pose a threat 构成威胁 The spread of the virus may pose a threat to public health. 病毒的传播可能会对公众健康构成威胁。 【话题词汇积累】 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 核心名称与标识 福建舰 CNS Fujian（舷号18 hull number 18） 入列服役 commission into service /enter service 电磁弹射系统 electromagnetic catapult system 三航母时代 three-carrier era 常规动力战舰 conventionally powered warship 母港 home base 东半球最大常规动力航母 the largest conventionally powered aircraft carrier in the Eastern Hemisphere 2. 舰艇与装备相关 满载排水量 full load displacement（8 万余吨 over 80,000 metric tons） 舰载机中队 aircraft squadron /carrier-based aircraft squadron 防御性武器装备 defensive weaponry and equipment 核心系统 core system 航母打击群 carrier strike group 作战力量 combat assets /combat forces 尖端装备 cutting-edge equipment 补充试航 additional trial runs 装备测试 equipment testing 3. 核心活动与任务 远海部署 open-sea deployment /far-ocean deployment 联合作战能力 joint combat capacity 全面部署 full-scale deployment 劈波斩浪 cleave through the waves 执行任务 fulfill missions 维护主权 safeguard sovereignty 国防需求 national defense needs 战略需求 strategic demand 4. 常用高频表达 自主设计建造 independently designed and built 自主研发 independent R&D 历史性跨越 historic leap 综合国力 comprehensive national strength 科技实力 scientific and technological strength 和平发展道路 path of peaceful development 独立自主的和平外交政策 independent and peaceful foreign policy 防御性国防政策 defensive national defense policy 主权、安全和发展利益 sovereignty, security and development interests 不针对任何国家 not target any country 不构成威胁 pose no threat to 5. 相关机构与人员 中国人民解放军海军 People's Liberation Army (PLA) Navy 舰长 senior captain 海军发言人 Navy spokesman 造船业业内人士 shipbuilding industry insider 舰载机飞行员 carrier-based aircraft pilot 舰艇全体船员 ship's crew /crew members 国防部门 national defense authorities （建议用时：60分钟） 题型01 完形填空 Nature was Chen Rui’s “childhood home”. The 37-year-old researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Zoology (中国科学院动物研究所) was not able to talk until he was 4 years old because of the way his brain processes sensory information. This 1 him “strange” in some people’s minds. So, he didn’t have friends who were around his age. This led him to turn his 2 to nonhuman things around him. He became fascinated (着迷) by the world of 3 . “The 4 time of my childhood was in the farm fields,” says Chen. “I squatted (蹲下) there, 5 the activities of insects, including ants building their homes, grasshoppers nibbling grass and dragonflies flying low. I had so many questions about their activities and was full of 6 about this world.” These experiences 7 a seed in his heart. Decades later, he’s a scholar who has 8 life-science investigations in nearly 100 countries and regions on five continents. He has found around 100 new 9 , living and extinct, many of which are named 10 him. “I was a child who was ‘cured’ by 11 ,” he says. “I wanted to grow up to 12 the power of nature with more young people and to popularize understanding of animals, including insects. I wanted to start classes to bring children to learn in the open air and 13 the gifts nature endows (赋予).” These aspirations (愿望) led him to recently 14 the popular-science book, Du Chong Ji (Reading About Insects). It’s a continuation of a mission he began to act upon 15 a freshman in 2006, when he started a(n) 16 for people interested in insects at Nanjing Agricultural University. He often 17 for members to visit the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, to 18 insects. His organization 19 had nearly 600 members. After graduating in 2010, Chen was 20 to the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences to complete his doctorate in zoology. In 2016, he was recruited (录用) by the Institute of Zoology of the CAS. 1．A．got B．dreamed C．did D．made 2．A．face B．attention C．movement D．back 3．A．herbs B．farming C．pets D．insects 4．A．hardest B．shortest C．happiest D．forgettable 5．A．observing B．playing C．organizing D．ruling 6．A．curiosity B．guilty C．care D．hope 7．A．planted B．liked C．had D．melted 8．A．came out B．brought out C．got down D．engaged in 9．A．countries B．species C．columns D．wastes 10．A．out B．after C．on D．over 11．A．parents B．doctor C．nature D．heart 12．A．reach B．relate C．find D．share 13．A．experience B．wave C．compare D．create 14．A．consume B．publish C．raise D．polish 15．A．as B．about C．with D．under 16．A．test B．research C．association D．newspaper 17．A．arranged B．cycled C．dealt D．drilled 18．A．get through B．knock off C．put out D．look for 19．A．occasionally B．eventually C．precisely D．barely 20．A．admitted B．inspired C．connected D．selected 题型02 阅读理解 Passage 1 Godfrey Hounsfield’s early life did not suggest that he would accomplish much at all. He was not a particularly good student in the teachers’ eyes—he neither observed the school disciplines nor worked hard enough at school lessons. His teachers described him as “thick”. He joined the army during the Second World War, but he wasn’t much of a soldier. However, he was a wizard with electrical machinery—he would use the newly invented radar to help pilots better find their way home on dark, cloudy nights. After the war, Hounsfield followed his commander’s advice and got a degree in engineering He practiced his trade at EMI, a company with a focus on electronics and electrical engineering. Hounsfield’s natural talent for engineering made him lead the team building the most advanced mainframe computer available in Britain. But by the 1960’s, EMI wanted out of the competitive computer market and the brilliant engineer wasn’t sure what to do in the future in the company. Therefore, the company gave Hounsfield a long holiday. During the holiday, Hounsfield met a physician who complained about the poor quality of X-ray of the brain, which looked like fog. This got Hounsfield to make a move into the new field. Hounsfield returned to EMI and talked about the idea with his boss. Then he used a new way to approach the problem of imaging what was inside the skull. By working backward and using the fastest computers, he could work on the mystery of each brain layer. But there was a problem: EMI wasn’t involved in the medical market then. The company allowed Hounsfield to work on his product, but provided no funding. Luckily his boss, Bill Ingham, saw the value of Hounsfield’s proposal and struggled to ask EMI to keep the project run. Finally, Hounsfield built a safe and effective human scanner. Hounsfield’s innovation transformed medicine. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1979 and was knighted by the queen in 1981. He continued his invention career until his final days in 2004, when he died at 84. 1．What can we say about Houndfield’s early school life? A．He worked really hard. B．He didn’t manage to graduate. C．He was popular with his teachers. D．He didn’t behave himself. 2．What does the underlined part “was a wizard with” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Stayed away from. B．Became tired of. C．Came up with. D．Was gifted in. 3．Why did EMI give Hounsfield a long holiday? A．To relieve Hounsfield’s anxiety over stressful work. B．To make Hounsfield think about his future career. C．To allow Hounsfield to reflect on his mistakes. D．To remind Hounsfield to learn from others. 4．What difficulty did Hounsfield meet during his invention of human scanner? A．Having no one on his side. B．Experiencing too many failures. C．Being short of financial support. D．Being misunderstood by his boss. 5．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To remember a great inventor. B．To reveal the decline of a company. C．To introduce the application of X-rays. D．To show the improvements brought by technology. Passage 2 This Is What a Scientist Looks Like A project called “I Am A Scientist” is giving high school students the opportunity to interact with modem-day researchers —breaking down barriers like race, gender and personal interests.  You'll get to have a close-up look at the work they are doing. Below are stories from some of the scientists involved in the program. Noor Al-Alusi, Epidemiologist (流行病学家) “I am driven by a deep desire to help others. I believe that all people have a fundamental right to health care.” Her work: During the Zika ( 寨 卡 病 毒 ) epidemic, AI-Alusi met with the communities that had been hardest hit by the virus, using data and mathematical models to keep them safe and healthy. She wants to know: What makes diseases spread? How do we make sure that everyone has what they need to fight back against diseases? Background: Al-Alusi was born in California but her parents immigrated from Iraq. This experience provided her with an understanding of the health needs of the immigrant community. Ryoji Amamoto, Neurobiologist (神经生物学家) “I'm a huge sports fan. I study animals that can regrow their brains. I'm a licensed scuba diver but a terrible swimmer.” His work: Amamoto studies the tiny but amazing brains of animals that have a superpower —the ability to regenerate. He learns what factors help these special brains regrow, so that we can try to treat diseases like Parkinson's (帕金森病) and the damage the brain can suffer from injuries such as concussions (脑震荡). He wants to know: How is it possible for some animals to regenerate their organs? Can we find a way for humans to regenerate their own brains? Background: Amamoto lived in Japan until the age of eight, when his family moved to Chicago. He had to overcome major language barriers which saw him shift between speaking English at school and Japanese at home. Yamicia Connor, Physician Scientist “I once competed in a robot competition. I'm a doctor who studies ways to improve women's health.” Her work: Connor is a doctor at a hospital in Boston where she studies cancer cells in a lab using microscopes and computers, but she also works directly with patients who are undergoing tests for new cancer treatments. She wants to know: How can we tackle cancers that specifically affect women? How can we use medicine to improve the lives of women? Background: Growing up in Florida, Connor was into her schoolwork and loved to put on plays with her friends. 6．What is one of the scientific research topics that Noor Al-Alusi is interested in? A．How can we regenerate human brains like some animals do? B．How can we improve women's health using medicine? C．What makes diseases spread and how to fight back? D．How can we tackle cancers specifically affecting women? 7．Why did Ryoji Amamoto have to shift between speaking English at school and Japanese at home? A．Because he competed in a robot competition. B．Because his family moved to Chicago from Japan. C．Because he studied how to regenerate human brains. D．Because he preferred Japanese to English. 8．What is Yamicia Connor's primary focus in her work as a physician scientist? A．Studying the spread of diseases affecting women. B．Boosting women's health via medical treatments. C．Researching the regeneration of organs in animals. D．Developing new cancer treatments for people. 9．What do Ryoji Amamoto and Yamicia Connor have in common in the article? A．They all come from immigrant families and have faced language barriers. B．They have diverse personal interests, showing a well-rounded lifestyle. C．They are driven by a passion for science and a desire to help people. D．They have overcome significant challenges to pursue their scientific careers. 10．What is the purpose of the project called “I Am A Scientist”? A．To demonstrate that scientists have uninteresting lives outside of their work. B．To show scientists lead diverse lives with varied personal interests and hobbies. C．To emphasize only people with specific personal traits can become scientists. D．To encourage high school students to get closer interaction with some scientists. Passage 3 One of the most important people in the world of robotics is not a conventional roboticist, but a science-fiction writer: Isaac Asimov. He coined the word “robotics”, invented the famous Three Laws, which govern the relation of robots to their human masters, and passed on many myths that affect the way we feel about robots today. What was it, though, that opened up such new worlds to the writer in the very beginning? Born in the rural village of Petrovichi, Russia, in 1920, Isaac moved to Brooklyn with his parents when he was three years old. Making a go of life in the United States turned out to be tougher than the family had expected. It took them three years to save up enough money for a down payment on a small candy store. As a kid, Isaac worked long hours in the store where he became interested in one attraction that pulled in customers: pulp science fiction magazines featuring death rays and alien worlds. Soon after the first rocket launches in the mid-1920s, scientists announced that space travel had become possible, opening the door to exciting tales of adventure in outer space. Atomic energy-the source of the death rays-was also coming into public eye as a potential “super weapon”. But few people actually believed that they would be able to see either atomic bombs or space travel during their lifetime. Neither did Isaac’s father. While the science fiction magazines sold like hot cakes, he considered them to be out-and-out junk. Young Isaac was not allowed to waste time reading about things that did not exist and never would. Despite his father’s objections, Isaac began secretly reading every pulp magazine that appeared in the store, handling each one so carefully that Asimov Senior never knew they had been opened. Isaac finally managed to convince his father that one of the magazines, Science Wonder Stories, had educational value-after all, the word “science” was in the title. At the age of 18, Isaac read the magazine Astounding Science Fiction and tried writing a story of his own. He took the subway and submitted the story in person to the magazine’s famous editor, John Campbell. It was rejected, but Campbell encouraged the young man to send him more. Isaac kept writing and about four months later he managed to sell a story. Then two more, including one that broke him into Astounding Science Fiction. And the rest is history. By the end of his writing career, Isaac was credited with producing more than 500 books on a wide range of subjects, reaching out not only to distant galaxies but also to the distant past for inspiration. 11．The following statements are all true EXCEPT ________. A．Isaac Asimov was a productive science fiction writer B．Isaac Asimov was a Russian immigrant to America C．Isaac Asimov used to work as an amateur roboticist D．Isaac Asimov created the Three Laws of Robotics 12．Why did atomic energy come into public eye in the 1920s? A．Because people read science fiction stories featuring death rays. B．Because the first rocket was launched during this period. C．Because stories about space adventure were very popular. D．Because the it had the potential to become a super weapon 13．Isaac’s father discouraged his son from reading science fiction magazines because ________. A．they depicted life in alien worlds and death rays B．he thought that the stories were poorly written C．these magazines didn’t bring in satisfying profits D．the young boy had to work long hours in their store 14．According to the article, Isaac ended up selling his first story ________. A．thanks to the support and guidance of his father B．to the magazine Astounding Science Fiction C．when he was still a student in high school D．about four months after he met John Campbell 15．Much of Isaac’s initial success could be credited to his ________. A．high intelligence B．artistic creativity C．extensive knowledge D．remarkable persistence Passage 4 In the scientific history, few rivalries have captured the imagination like the one between Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison. These two inventors, each with their unique approaches and visions, engaged in a fierce competition that forever transformed the world of electricity and innovation. The paths of Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison first crossed in the late 1800s when Tesla arrived in the United States with his boundless enthusiasm and inventive spirit. Tesla, a young Serbian engineer, sought opportunities to work on his ambitious ideas. Edison, already an established inventor and entrepreneur, recognised Tesla’s talent and employed him at his company, the Edison Machine Works. It was during Tesla’s time working for Edison that the seeds of rivalry were sown. Edison advocated direct current (DC) as the dominant approach to electrical distribution, while Tesla saw the potential of alternating current (AC) systems, which offered greater efficiency over longer distances. The turning point in their rivalry occurred with the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893. Tesla, backed by George Westinghouse, successfully showcased the superiority of AC by lighting the fairgrounds with his AC-powered system. This success crushed Edison’s claims of DC’s superiority, leading to the widespread adoption of AC as the standard for electrical power transmission. However, due to Edison’s influence, AC power was initially dismissed as dangerous and unreliable. In order to demonstrate its safety, Tesla held a public demonstration where he famously lit up a string of lights using his AC motor powered by Niagara Falls, proving once and for all that AC power was safe for use in homes and businesses around the world. While both sides fought fiercely for control of electricity distribution networks across America, it was ultimately Tesla’s AC system that won out due to its greater efficiency over long distances compared with DC systems which quickly lost voltage (电压) as distance increased from their source point. Eventually even Edison himself came around and accepted defeat when he finally admitted that “Tesla has solved an extremely difficult problem”. Despite their differences, the two men had an unwilling respect for each other. Edison was known to refer to Tesla as “one of the greatest electrical geniuses the world has ever seen” while Tesla praised Edison’s contributions to the field of electricity. Though their rivalry defined the development of electricity in the late 19th century, its impact still resonates (回响) today. 16．In which aspect did Tesla’s and Edison’s views on electrical systems differ? A．The source of electrical power. B．The invention of electrical devices. C．The efficiency of power generation. D．The method of electrical transmission. 17．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Defended. B．Recognised. C．Defeated. D．Demonstrated. 18．How did Tesla prove the reliability of AC power? A．By displaying AC-powered lighting in a community. B．By conducting a public experiment at Niagara Falls. C．By getting support from George Westinghouse. D．By highlighting the limitations of DC power. 19．Why did Tesla’s AC system finally achieve success? A．It provided higher voltage outputs. B．It was easier to operate and maintain. C．It had superior long-range performance. D．It received more financial backing. 20．What message does the author want to convey in the text? A．Every cloud has a silver lining. B．Real knowledge comes from practice. C．A rising tide lifts all boats. D．Rivalry fuels progress. 题型03 阅读表达 Passage 1 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题. An 89-year-old man has reached a goal he spent 20 years working toward. He earned his doctor degree and became a physicist. Steiner values this degree because it is what he always wanted — and because he overcame health problems that could have interfered with his studies. As a young person in Vienna, Austria, Steiner wanted to become a physicist after reading about Albert Einstein and Max Planck. But after World War Ⅱ, his mother advised him that studying medicine would be a better choice. He earned his medical degree from the University of Vienna in 1955 and moved to the United States soon after. In the U.S., he had a successful career studying blood, became a full professor and led the hematology (血液学) department at Brown’s medical school from 1985 to 1994. He helped establish a research program in hematology and directed that program until he retired from medicine in 2000. Steiner found medical research pleasing, but it was not quite the same as his interest in physics. “It was something like a wish that was never fulilled, that always stuck in the back of my head,” he said. “Once I’m finished with medicine, I really don’t want to spend my life just sitting around and maybe doing a little golfing or doing something like that. I wanted to keep active. At age 70, he started taking undergraduate classes at Brown University. He was planning to just take a few classes that interested him. But by 2007, he had earned enough credits to join the doctoral program. Physics professor Brad Marston soon realized how serious Steiner was about the subject and how hard he worked. “He already had a scientific way of thinking that younger students have to develop,” Marston said. “One thing that’s really true about Manfred is he perseveres.” After the university published a story about Steiner on its website, people across the U.S. contacted him to ask for advice on how to go after their dreams later in life. He said his advice is: Do what you love to do. 1．Why does Steiner attach great importance to this degree? (no more than 10 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? (no more than 7 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 mean? (no more than 7 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．What is Marston’s comment on Steiner after he joined the doctoral program? (no more than 10 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．What do you think of Steiner? Please explain. (no more than 20 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 On July 14, 2017, Maryam Mirzakhani, Stanford professor of mathematics and the first female winner of the Fields Medal in Mathematics, died at the age of 40. The news was especially hard-hitting for a generation of younger academics who have always held Maryam as a role model whose example is helping redefine women’s status in science and especially mathematics. What was fun was that Maryam always tried to avoid the media’s spotlight. Her modesty and simplicity despite being the first woman to gain such high status in the world of mathematics—winning what’s often called the “Nobel Prize of math”—stood out to those who knew her. Maryam originally wanted to be a writer, a. passion of hers that never faded away even during her postgraduate studies. However, she found an even greater joy in how rewarding it felt to solve mathematical problems. As a student, she was the first female member of Iran’s national team to participate in the International Math Olympiad (IMO), and she won two gold medals in two years—still a record. She received her bachelor’s degree in Iran. and later studied at Harvard. In 2014, Maryam was recognized with the Fields Medal, the highest-ranking award in mathematics. Her work focused on curved surfaces like spheres (球体). Her achievements have applications in other scientific fields, including engineering and material. science. Unfortunately, at that time she was already tackling the breast cancer. Maryam’s legend (传奇)may continue to grow after her early death. Still only 20 percent of full-time math teachers at U. S. universities are women. The example of a woman who rose to the top of this still very male field may help inspire math’s next generation. In the same way people think of Marie Curie or Jane Goodall as scientific pioneers, Maryam Mirzakhani will go down in history as a trailblazer as well as a mathematical genius. 1．Why is Maryam held as a role model? (No more than 15 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What made Maryam stand out to those who knew her? (No more than 10 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．What did Maryam think of solving mathematical problems? (No more than 8 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．What does the underlined word “tackling” mean? (No more than 2 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．What is your example of pioneers? Please explain why. (No more than 25 words. ) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 题型04 应用文写作 假如你是红星中学高二学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim想了解你最钦佩的一位名人。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1. 该人物的介绍； 2. 你钦佩的理由。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua $ 热点04 福建舰入列服役 内容导航 原文欣赏 词汇积累 限时实战 热点时文阅读 情境导入 高效科普：福建舰入列服役 话题词汇速记 聚焦话题，扩充语料库：threat, region, objective, scale, mission, joint, determine, conduct, target, security, defense, due to, long before, based on, capable of 热点限时精练 模拟实战 巩固提升：完形填空1篇+阅读理解4篇+阅读表达2篇+应用文写作1篇 【背景速递】 福建舰（舷号18）是中国第三艘航空母舰，也是完全自主设计建造的首艘弹射型航母。它于2022年6月17日在上海江南造船厂下水，2025年11月正式入列服役，标志着中国海军迈入电磁弹射时代与“三航母时代”。 作为全球首艘常规动力搭配电磁弹射技术的航母，福建舰满载排水量8万余吨，跳过传统蒸汽弹射路径，核心系统完全自主研发。其发展承接辽宁舰的改装摸索与山东舰的自主建造，实现了从滑跃起飞到电磁弹射的历史性跨越，推动海军从“近海防御”向“远海防卫”转型，是国家科技实力与综合国力的集中体现。 【原文欣赏】 The most important task for the crew of the CNS Fujian - China's third aircraft carrier and the world's largest conventionally powered warship - is to conduct in-depth testing and additional trial runs of its equipment, according to the ship's captain. Senior Captain Chen Zhi guo told State broadcaster China Central Television on Saturday that he will lead the crew to further test the vessel's capabilities. At the same time, they will make all-out efforts to prepare for the full-scale deployment of aircraft squadrons and to build joint combat capacity with other assets in the carrier strike group, he said. "I'm convinced that, following the development path guided by President Xi Jin ping, we, the crew of the Fujian, will 'cleave through the waves' to complete our missions set by the Party and the people," Chen said. The Fujian is the first aircraft carrier in the People's Liberation Army Navy equipped with a cutting-edge electromagnetic catapult system. It is also the largest, heaviest and most powerful naval vessel ever built in the Eastern Hemisphere. The gigantic ship, which displaces more than 80,000 metric tons of water, entered service on Wednesday at a naval base in Sanya, Hainan province. Senior Captain Leng Guo wei, a spokesman for the Navy, said on Saturday that Sanya will be the supercarrier's home base due to factors including strategic demand, port conditions, support capacity and mission requirements. He said the Fujian will be sent to oceans far from China on a regular basis and added that it will not be long before the full-scale deployment of aircraft squadrons begins on the supercarrier. Leng said the development and improvement of China's weaponry do not target any country or specific objective, nor will they pose a threat to any country or region. The efforts are solely aimed at safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and development interests. "Regarding China's follow-up development plans for aircraft carriers, they will be comprehensively considered based on national defense needs," Leng said. "It is important to emphasize that our country's nature as a socialist country, its strategic choice of taking the path of peaceful development, and its independent, peaceful foreign policy determine that we will never abandon our defensive national defense policy." An industry insider in China's shipbuilding sector, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said the Fujian's commissioning means the PLA Navy has entered the three-carrier club and is theoretically capable of deploying a carrier strike group anytime it wants. That also means the Navy's long-range operational capability is far stronger than before. 【译文赏析】 中国第三艘航空母舰、全球最大常规动力战舰——福建舰的舰长表示，该舰全体船员当前的核心任务是对装备进行深入测试和补充试航。 上周六，陈志国大校在接受中央广播电视总台采访时称，他将带领船员进一步检验舰艇性能。 同时，全体船员将全力推进舰载机中队全面部署准备工作，构建航母打击群与其他作战力量的联合作战能力。 “我坚信，在习近平主席指引的发展道路上，我们福建舰全体官兵将劈波斩浪，完成党和人民赋予的各项任务。”陈志国说。 福建舰是中国人民解放军海军首艘配备尖端电磁弹射系统的航母，也是东半球有史以来建造的吨位最大、体量最重、战力最强的海军舰艇。 这艘排水量超过8万吨的巨舰于周三在海南三亚某海军基地正式入列服役。 海军发言人冷国伟大校上周六表示，综合战略需求、港口条件、保障能力和任务需要等因素，三亚将成为这艘超级航母的母港。 他透露，福建舰将定期前出远海执行任务，且舰载机中队全面部署已为期不远。 冷国伟强调，中国武器装备的发展不针对任何国家或特定目标，也不会对任何国家或地区构成威胁，完全是为了维护中国的主权、安全和发展利益。 “关于中国后续航母发展计划，将根据国防需求统筹考虑。”冷国伟说，“需要着重指出的是，中国社会主义国家的性质、走和平发展道路的战略抉择以及独立自主的和平外交政策，决定了我们永远不会放弃防御性国防政策。” 一位不愿具名的中国造船业业内人士表示，福建舰的入列“标志着中国海军正式跻身‘三航母俱乐部’，理论上具备随时部署航母打击群的能力， 这也意味着海军的远程作战能力较以往有了质的飞跃。 【课标词汇积累】 序号 单词 / 短语 词性及汉译 例句及汉译 1 additional adj. 附加的；额外的 The teacher asked us to do some additional exercises after class. 老师要求我们课后做一些额外的练习题。 2 threat n. 威胁；恐吓；凶兆 Air pollution is a serious threat to people’s health. 空气污染对人们的健康构成了严重威胁。 3 region n. 地区；范围；领域；地带；地域 This plant only grows in the northern region of the country. 这种植物只生长在这个国家的北部地区。 4 objective adj. 客观的；真实的；宾语的 n. 目标；目的；宾语 We should take an objective attitude towards this problem. 汉译 1：我们应该以客观的态度看待这个问题。 Our main objective is to pass the final exam with good grades. 汉译 2：我们的主要目标是高分通过期末考试。 5 scale n. 等级，规模；刻度；音阶；量程；天平 v. 攀登；到达… 顶点；去鳞 The company is planning to expand its business on a large scale. 这家公司正计划大规模拓展业务。 It took them three hours to scale the steep mountain. 他们花了三个小时才登上这座陡峭的山。 6 mission n. 使命；代表团；任务；布道 v. 派遣；向… 传教；把任务交给 The doctors’ mission is to save lives and cure the wounded. 医生的使命是救死扶伤。 The government missioned him to negotiate with the neighboring country. 政府派遣他去和邻国进行谈判。 7 joint adj. 联合的；共同的；连带的；合资的 n. 关节；接头；接合处；接缝；夜总会 v. 贴合；连接 The two companies made a joint effort to develop new products. 这两家公司共同努力研发新产品。 He hurt his knee joint while playing basketball yesterday. 他昨天打篮球时伤到了膝关节。 8 emphasize vt. 强调；重视；着重；使突出 The speaker emphasized the importance of protecting the environment many times. 演讲者多次强调了保护环境的重要性。 9 capability n. 能力；才能；性能；容量 This new software has the capability to process large amounts of data quickly. 这款新软件具备快速处理大量数据的能力。 10 demand n. 要求；需求 v. 要求；查问；需要 There is a growing demand for organic food in the market. 市场上对有机食品的需求正在不断增长。 The workers demand higher salaries and better working conditions. 工人们要求更高的薪水和更好的工作条件。 11 determine v. 决定；决心；确定；测定 What you read in your spare time will determine your future to some extent. 你业余时间读的书会在一定程度上决定你的未来。 12 range n. 范围；射程；类别；（山脉，房屋等的）排列 vi. 搜索；变化；延伸；漫游 vt. 排列；（按一定位置或顺序）排序；把… 分类；徘徊 adj. 牧场的，放牧区的 The price of this kind of mobile phone is in the range of 2000 to 3000 yuan. 这款手机的价格在 2000 到 3000 元之间。 The temperature in this city ranges from -5℃ to 25℃ in spring. 这座城市春季的气温在零下 5 摄氏度到 25 摄氏度之间变化。 13 conduct n. 行为；举动；品行 v. 引导；指挥；管理 vt. 导电；传热 The student was praised for his good conduct at school. 这名学生因在校品行良好而受到表扬。 Copper is a kind of metal that can conduct electricity well. 铜是一种导电性能良好的金属。 14 target n. 目标；对象；靶 vt. 把... 作为目标；瞄准 His target is to be admitted to a top university next year. 他的目标是明年考上一所顶尖大学。 The company is targeting young people with its new products. 这家公司正将其新产品的目标客户锁定为年轻人。 15 abandon v. 放弃；抛弃；放纵 n. 放纵 She didn’t abandon her dream even though she failed many times. 尽管失败了很多次，她也没有放弃自己的梦想。 The man lived a life of abandon after he made a fortune. 这个男人发财后就过着放纵的生活。 16 security n. 安全；保证；证券；债券；抵押；防护措施 The government has taken strict measures to ensure national security. 政府已经采取了严格的措施来保障国家安全。 17 trial n. 审讯；试验；试用；尝试；预赛或选拔赛；讨厌的事；惹麻烦的人 v. 测试 The new drug is still in the trial stage and can’t be sold to the public. 这种新药还处于试验阶段，不能向公众出售。 The engineers are trialing the new machine to check its performance. 工程师们正在测试这台新机器，以检查其性能。 18 crew n. 全体船员；全体乘务员；(一组) 工作人员；划艇队员 v. 当船员；当机务人员 The crew of the plane did their best to ensure the passengers’ safety. 这架飞机的全体乘务员尽了最大努力保障乘客的安全。 He dreamed of crewing on an ocean liner when he was a child. 他小时候梦想着在远洋客轮上当船员。 19 port n. 港口；〈英〉门；舱门；机场；避风港 v.【计】移植；持 (枪)；转 (舵) 向左；转舵向左 Many ships are waiting to unload goods at the port. 许多船只正在港口等待卸货。 The programmer needs to port this software to a new operating system. 程序员需要把这款软件移植到新的操作系统上。 20 defense n. 防卫；防卫物；辩护 vt. 防守 The army plays an important role in national defense. 军队在国防中扮演着重要角色。 The football team will defense strongly in the second half of the match. 这支足球队将在下半场比赛中全力防守。 21 due to 因为，由于 His absence from class was due to a serious illness. 他缺课是因为得了一场重病。 22 long before 在很久以前 People began to use fire for cooking long before the invention of electricity. 在电发明之前很久，人们就开始用火做饭了。 23 further adv. 更远地，再往前地；进一步；此外，而且 adj. 更多的，进一步的；（距离上）更远的，较远的 We need to discuss this problem further to reach an agreement. 我们需要进一步讨论这个问题以达成共识。 There is no further information about the missing boy at present. 目前没有关于失踪男孩的更多信息。 24 based on 以... 为基础；基于 The film is based on a true story that happened in a small village. 这部电影是基于一个发生在小村庄里的真实故事改编的。 25 capable of 有… 能力（或技能）的，能… 的 With hard training, she is capable of winning the championship in the competition. 经过刻苦训练，她有能力在这次比赛中夺冠。 26 pose a threat 构成威胁 The spread of the virus may pose a threat to public health. 病毒的传播可能会对公众健康构成威胁。 【话题词汇积累】 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 核心名称与标识 福建舰 CNS Fujian（舷号18 hull number 18） 入列服役 commission into service /enter service 电磁弹射系统 electromagnetic catapult system 三航母时代 three-carrier era 常规动力战舰 conventionally powered warship 母港 home base 东半球最大常规动力航母 the largest conventionally powered aircraft carrier in the Eastern Hemisphere 2. 舰艇与装备相关 满载排水量 full load displacement（8 万余吨 over 80,000 metric tons） 舰载机中队 aircraft squadron /carrier-based aircraft squadron 防御性武器装备 defensive weaponry and equipment 核心系统 core system 航母打击群 carrier strike group 作战力量 combat assets /combat forces 尖端装备 cutting-edge equipment 补充试航 additional trial runs 装备测试 equipment testing 3. 核心活动与任务 远海部署 open-sea deployment /far-ocean deployment 联合作战能力 joint combat capacity 全面部署 full-scale deployment 劈波斩浪 cleave through the waves 执行任务 fulfill missions 维护主权 safeguard sovereignty 国防需求 national defense needs 战略需求 strategic demand 4. 常用高频表达 自主设计建造 independently designed and built 自主研发 independent R&D 历史性跨越 historic leap 综合国力 comprehensive national strength 科技实力 scientific and technological strength 和平发展道路 path of peaceful development 独立自主的和平外交政策 independent and peaceful foreign policy 防御性国防政策 defensive national defense policy 主权、安全和发展利益 sovereignty, security and development interests 不针对任何国家 not target any country 不构成威胁 pose no threat to 5. 相关机构与人员 中国人民解放军海军 People's Liberation Army (PLA) Navy 舰长 senior captain 海军发言人 Navy spokesman 造船业业内人士 shipbuilding industry insider 舰载机飞行员 carrier-based aircraft pilot 舰艇全体船员 ship's crew /crew members 国防部门 national defense authorities （建议用时：60分钟） 题型01 完形填空 Nature was Chen Rui’s “childhood home”. The 37-year-old researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Zoology (中国科学院动物研究所) was not able to talk until he was 4 years old because of the way his brain processes sensory information. This 1 him “strange” in some people’s minds. So, he didn’t have friends who were around his age. This led him to turn his 2 to nonhuman things around him. He became fascinated (着迷) by the world of 3 . “The 4 time of my childhood was in the farm fields,” says Chen. “I squatted (蹲下) there, 5 the activities of insects, including ants building their homes, grasshoppers nibbling grass and dragonflies flying low. I had so many questions about their activities and was full of 6 about this world.” These experiences 7 a seed in his heart. Decades later, he’s a scholar who has 8 life-science investigations in nearly 100 countries and regions on five continents. He has found around 100 new 9 , living and extinct, many of which are named 10 him. “I was a child who was ‘cured’ by 11 ,” he says. “I wanted to grow up to 12 the power of nature with more young people and to popularize understanding of animals, including insects. I wanted to start classes to bring children to learn in the open air and 13 the gifts nature endows (赋予).” These aspirations (愿望) led him to recently 14 the popular-science book, Du Chong Ji (Reading About Insects). It’s a continuation of a mission he began to act upon 15 a freshman in 2006, when he started a(n) 16 for people interested in insects at Nanjing Agricultural University. He often 17 for members to visit the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, to 18 insects. His organization 19 had nearly 600 members. After graduating in 2010, Chen was 20 to the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences to complete his doctorate in zoology. In 2016, he was recruited (录用) by the Institute of Zoology of the CAS. 1．A．got B．dreamed C．did D．made 2．A．face B．attention C．movement D．back 3．A．herbs B．farming C．pets D．insects 4．A．hardest B．shortest C．happiest D．forgettable 5．A．observing B．playing C．organizing D．ruling 6．A．curiosity B．guilty C．care D．hope 7．A．planted B．liked C．had D．melted 8．A．came out B．brought out C．got down D．engaged in 9．A．countries B．species C．columns D．wastes 10．A．out B．after C．on D．over 11．A．parents B．doctor C．nature D．heart 12．A．reach B．relate C．find D．share 13．A．experience B．wave C．compare D．create 14．A．consume B．publish C．raise D．polish 15．A．as B．about C．with D．under 16．A．test B．research C．association D．newspaper 17．A．arranged B．cycled C．dealt D．drilled 18．A．get through B．knock off C．put out D．look for 19．A．occasionally B．eventually C．precisely D．barely 20．A．admitted B．inspired C．connected D．selected 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．A 16．C 17．A 18．D 19．B 20．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了37岁的中国科学院动物研究所研究员陈睿的成长经历，他幼时开始沉迷于大自然，并最终在动物学研究领域取得卓越成就。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这使他在一些人的心目中显得“奇怪”。A. got得到；B. dreamed梦想着；C. did做；D. made使；制作。本句主语This指代上文“…was not able to talk until he was 4 years old because of the way his brain processes sensory information.”，由此可知，四岁还不会说话会使得人们认为他很怪异。故选D项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这使他把注意力转向了他周围的非人类事物。A. face脸；面子；B. attention注意力；C. movement动作；运动；D. back后面，后背。本句主语This指代上一句“So, he didn’t have friends who were around his age.”，由此可知，他没有同龄朋友，不和他人交往，那么他就去关注自然界的事物。故选B项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他被昆虫的世界迷住了。A. herbs草药；B. farming耕种；农业；C. pets宠物；D. insects昆虫。根据下文“I squatted (蹲下) there, 　　5　　 the activities of insects, including ants building their homes, grasshoppers nibbling grass and dragonflies flying low.”可知，他是对昆虫着迷。故选D项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我童年最快乐的时光是在农田里，”陈睿说。A. hardest最艰难的；最硬的；B. shortest最短的；最矮的；C. happiest最快乐的；D. forgettable易被忘记的。根据上文“He became fascinated (着迷) by the world of insects .””及下文“I squatted (蹲下) there, 　　5　　 the activities of insects, including ants building their homes, grasshoppers nibbling grass and dragonflies flying low. I had so many questions about their activities and was full of 　　6　　 about this world.”可知，他对自然界的一切是热爱的，所以他在田野里度过的应该是快乐的时光。故选C项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我蹲在那里，观察昆虫的活动，包括蚂蚁筑巢，蚱蜢啃草和蜻蜓低飞。A. observing观察；庆祝；遵守；B. playing玩耍；播放；演奏；C. organizing组织；D. ruling统治。根据后面宾语“the activities of insects, including ants building their homes, grasshoppers nibbling grass and dragonflies flying low.”可知，这些昆虫的活动应该是他蹲着观察到的。故选A项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对它们的活动有很多疑问，对这个世界充满了好奇。A. curiosity好奇心；求知欲；B. guilty罪恶；愧疚；C. care关爱；D. hope希望。根据上文“I had so many questions about their activities”可知，他内心有很多疑问，所以他应该是对动物的世界是充满好奇的。故选A项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些经历在他心中播下了一颗种子。A. planted种植；B. liked喜欢；C. had拥有；D. melted融化。根据其宾语“a seed”可知，在内心种下一颗种子，这里指一个梦想。故选A项。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几十年后的今天，他是一位在五大洲近100个国家和地区从事生命科学研究的学者。A. came out出来；被出版；B. brought out带出来；展现出；C. got down下来；专注于；D. engaged in从事。根据后面宾语“life-science investigations”可知，短语从事……的研究engaged in符合语境。故选D项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他发现了大约100个新物种，现存的和灭绝的，其中许多都是以他的名字命名的。A. countries国家；B. species物种；C. columns栏目；D. wastes废物。根据上文“he’s a scholar who has engaged in life-science investigations in nearly 100 countries and regions on five continents.”可知，他从事生命科学研究，该空名词作动词found的宾语，后面形容词定语living and extinct，应是他发现的新物种。故选B项。 10．考查介词和副词词义辨析。句意：他发现了大约100个新物种，现存的和灭绝的，其中许多都是以他的名字命名的。A. out向外；B. after在……之后；C. on在……之上；关于；D. over结束。固定短语be named after...意为“以……的名字命名”符合语境。故选B项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我是一个被大自然‘治愈’的孩子，”他说。A. parents父母；B. doctor医生；C. nature自然；D. heart心；心脏。前文说他小时候语言能力发育迟缓，被人认为怪异，没有朋友，后来他沉迷于大自然，倾心研究动植物，最终成为学者，根据后文“the power of nature”可知，他认为自己是被大自然治愈的。故选C项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想长大后与更多的年轻人分享大自然的力量，普及对包括昆虫在内的动物的了解。A. reach到达；联系；够到；B. relate联系；C. find发现；D. share分享。根据后面“the power of nature with more young people and to popularize understanding of animals, including insects.”可知，他本人热爱大自然，此处指他愿意和年轻人分享大自然的力量，传播他对大自然的热爱。故选D项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想开设课程，让孩子们在户外学习，体验大自然赋予的馈赠。A. experience体验，经历；B. wave挥手；摇摆；C. compare比较；D. create创造。根据上文“to bring children to learn in the open air”可知，让孩子们在户外学习，应该是亲身体验大自然。故选A项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些愿望促使他最近出版了科普书籍《读虫记》。A. consume消费；B. publish出版；发表；C. raise升高；抚养；筹集；D. polish磨亮；润色。根据后面宾语“the popular-science book, Du Chong Ji (Reading About Insects) ”可知，应该是出版了一本书。故选B项。 15．考查介词词义辨析。句意：2006年，作为一名大一新生，他在南京农业大学创办了一个昆虫爱好者协会，这是他使命的延续。A. as作为；B. about关于；C. with和……一起；D. under在……之下。根据宾语“a freshman(新生)”可知，这是他创办这个协会时候的身份，介词as意为“作为”符合语境。故选A项。 16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2006年，作为一名大一新生，他在南京农业大学创办了一个昆虫爱好者协会，这是他使命的延续。A. test检测；测验；B. research研究；C. association联想；联系；社团，协会。D. newspaper报纸。根据下文“His organization 　　19　　 had nearly 600 members.”可知，他创建了一个组织。故选C项。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他经常安排成员去江苏南京的紫金山寻找昆虫。A. arranged安排；B. cycled循环；汽车；C. dealt处理；D. drilled练习；钻井，打眼。arrange for sb. to do sth.意为“安排某人做某事”符合语境，这里指社团的活动。故选A项。 18．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他经常安排成员去江苏南京的紫金山寻找昆虫。A. get through通过；完成；B. knock off停止做；克服，战胜；C. put out扑灭，熄灭；D. look for寻找。根据上文“for members to visit the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing, Jiangsu province”可知，他们这个昆虫爱好者协会的活动内容应该是在山里寻找昆虫。故选D项。 19．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的组织最终拥有近600名成员。A. occasionally偶尔；B. eventually最终，终于；C. precisely精确地；D. barely仅仅；几乎不。根据后面“nearly 600 members”可知，几乎600名成员应该是这个协会不断发展壮大的结果。故选B项。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2010年毕业后，陈睿被中国科学院大学录取，攻读动物学博士学位。A. admitted承认；允许进入，录取；B. inspired激励，鼓舞；启发；C. connected联系，连接；D. selected选择。根据下文“to the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences to complete his doctorate in zoology.”可知，他是被一所大学录取，去攻读博士学位。固定短语be admitted to意为“被……录取”符合语境。故选A项。 题型02 阅读理解 Passage 1 Godfrey Hounsfield’s early life did not suggest that he would accomplish much at all. He was not a particularly good student in the teachers’ eyes—he neither observed the school disciplines nor worked hard enough at school lessons. His teachers described him as “thick”. He joined the army during the Second World War, but he wasn’t much of a soldier. However, he was a wizard with electrical machinery—he would use the newly invented radar to help pilots better find their way home on dark, cloudy nights. After the war, Hounsfield followed his commander’s advice and got a degree in engineering He practiced his trade at EMI, a company with a focus on electronics and electrical engineering. Hounsfield’s natural talent for engineering made him lead the team building the most advanced mainframe computer available in Britain. But by the 1960’s, EMI wanted out of the competitive computer market and the brilliant engineer wasn’t sure what to do in the future in the company. Therefore, the company gave Hounsfield a long holiday. During the holiday, Hounsfield met a physician who complained about the poor quality of X-ray of the brain, which looked like fog. This got Hounsfield to make a move into the new field. Hounsfield returned to EMI and talked about the idea with his boss. Then he used a new way to approach the problem of imaging what was inside the skull. By working backward and using the fastest computers, he could work on the mystery of each brain layer. But there was a problem: EMI wasn’t involved in the medical market then. The company allowed Hounsfield to work on his product, but provided no funding. Luckily his boss, Bill Ingham, saw the value of Hounsfield’s proposal and struggled to ask EMI to keep the project run. Finally, Hounsfield built a safe and effective human scanner. Hounsfield’s innovation transformed medicine. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1979 and was knighted by the queen in 1981. He continued his invention career until his final days in 2004, when he died at 84. 1．What can we say about Houndfield’s early school life? A．He worked really hard. B．He didn’t manage to graduate. C．He was popular with his teachers. D．He didn’t behave himself. 2．What does the underlined part “was a wizard with” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Stayed away from. B．Became tired of. C．Came up with. D．Was gifted in. 3．Why did EMI give Hounsfield a long holiday? A．To relieve Hounsfield’s anxiety over stressful work. B．To make Hounsfield think about his future career. C．To allow Hounsfield to reflect on his mistakes. D．To remind Hounsfield to learn from others. 4．What difficulty did Hounsfield meet during his invention of human scanner? A．Having no one on his side. B．Experiencing too many failures. C．Being short of financial support. D．Being misunderstood by his boss. 5．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To remember a great inventor. B．To reveal the decline of a company. C．To introduce the application of X-rays. D．To show the improvements brought by technology. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Godfrey Hounsfield的生平以及他发明人体扫描仪的事迹。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“He was not a particularly good student in the teachers’ eyes—he neither observed the school disciplines nor worked hard enough at school lessons.(在老师眼中，他不是一个特别好的学生——他既不遵守学校的纪律，也不努力上课。)”可知，Godfrey Hounsfield早期在学校表现不好。故选D。 2．短语猜测题。根据破折号后面的内容“he would use the newly invented radar to help pilots better find their way home on dark, cloudy nights”可知，他会使用新发明的雷达帮助飞行员在黑暗多云的夜晚更好地找到回家的路，由此可推测出，他在电机方面很有天赋，“was a wizard with”表示“在……上很有天赋”，与D项意思相近。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But by the 1960’s, EMI wanted out of the competitive computer market and the brilliant engineer wasn’t sure what to do in the future in the company. Therefore, the company gave Hounsfield a long holiday.(但到了20世纪60年代，EMI想要退出竞争激烈的计算机市场，而这位才华横溢的工程师不确定未来在公司该做什么。因此，公司给Hounsfield放了一个长假。)”可知，公司给Hounsfield放长假是为了让他思考自己未来的职业规划。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“But there was a problem: EMI wasn’t involved in the medical market then. The company allowed Hounsfield to work on his product, but provided no funding.(但有一个问题：EMI当时并没有涉足医疗市场。该公司允许Hounsfield研究他的产品，但没有提供任何资金。)”可知，Hounsfield在研究发明的过程中面临的困难是资金短缺。故选C。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一至四段讲述了Godfrey Hounsfield早期在学校的表现和工作经历；第五至七段讲述了Godfrey Hounsfield发明人体扫描仪的过程；最后一段讲述了Godfrey Hounsfield为此获得了诺贝尔奖并被授予爵位。由此可推测出，本文主要围绕Godfrey Hounsfield展开，着重讲述了他发明人体扫描仪的事迹，目的是为了让人们铭记一位伟大的发明家。故选A。 Passage 2 This Is What a Scientist Looks Like A project called “I Am A Scientist” is giving high school students the opportunity to interact with modem-day researchers —breaking down barriers like race, gender and personal interests.  You'll get to have a close-up look at the work they are doing. Below are stories from some of the scientists involved in the program. Noor Al-Alusi, Epidemiologist (流行病学家) “I am driven by a deep desire to help others. I believe that all people have a fundamental right to health care.” Her work: During the Zika ( 寨 卡 病 毒 ) epidemic, AI-Alusi met with the communities that had been hardest hit by the virus, using data and mathematical models to keep them safe and healthy. She wants to know: What makes diseases spread? How do we make sure that everyone has what they need to fight back against diseases? Background: Al-Alusi was born in California but her parents immigrated from Iraq. This experience provided her with an understanding of the health needs of the immigrant community. Ryoji Amamoto, Neurobiologist (神经生物学家) “I'm a huge sports fan. I study animals that can regrow their brains. I'm a licensed scuba diver but a terrible swimmer.” His work: Amamoto studies the tiny but amazing brains of animals that have a superpower —the ability to regenerate. He learns what factors help these special brains regrow, so that we can try to treat diseases like Parkinson's (帕金森病) and the damage the brain can suffer from injuries such as concussions (脑震荡). He wants to know: How is it possible for some animals to regenerate their organs? Can we find a way for humans to regenerate their own brains? Background: Amamoto lived in Japan until the age of eight, when his family moved to Chicago. He had to overcome major language barriers which saw him shift between speaking English at school and Japanese at home. Yamicia Connor, Physician Scientist “I once competed in a robot competition. I'm a doctor who studies ways to improve women's health.” Her work: Connor is a doctor at a hospital in Boston where she studies cancer cells in a lab using microscopes and computers, but she also works directly with patients who are undergoing tests for new cancer treatments. She wants to know: How can we tackle cancers that specifically affect women? How can we use medicine to improve the lives of women? Background: Growing up in Florida, Connor was into her schoolwork and loved to put on plays with her friends. 6．What is one of the scientific research topics that Noor Al-Alusi is interested in? A．How can we regenerate human brains like some animals do? B．How can we improve women's health using medicine? C．What makes diseases spread and how to fight back? D．How can we tackle cancers specifically affecting women? 7．Why did Ryoji Amamoto have to shift between speaking English at school and Japanese at home? A．Because he competed in a robot competition. B．Because his family moved to Chicago from Japan. C．Because he studied how to regenerate human brains. D．Because he preferred Japanese to English. 8．What is Yamicia Connor's primary focus in her work as a physician scientist? A．Studying the spread of diseases affecting women. B．Boosting women's health via medical treatments. C．Researching the regeneration of organs in animals. D．Developing new cancer treatments for people. 9．What do Ryoji Amamoto and Yamicia Connor have in common in the article? A．They all come from immigrant families and have faced language barriers. B．They have diverse personal interests, showing a well-rounded lifestyle. C．They are driven by a passion for science and a desire to help people. D．They have overcome significant challenges to pursue their scientific careers. 10．What is the purpose of the project called “I Am A Scientist”? A．To demonstrate that scientists have uninteresting lives outside of their work. B．To show scientists lead diverse lives with varied personal interests and hobbies. C．To emphasize only people with specific personal traits can become scientists. D．To encourage high school students to get closer interaction with some scientists. 【答案】6．C 7．B 8．B 9．B 10．D 【原文】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了一个名为“我是科学家”的项目，以及其中涉及的三个科学家。 6．细节理解题。根据小标题“Noor Al-Alusi, Epidemiologist (Noor Al-Alusi，流行病学家)”下的第三段“She wants to know: What makes diseases spread? How do we make sure that everyone has what they need to fight back against diseases? (她想知道：是什么让疾病传播？我们如何确保每个人都拥有对抗疾病所需的东西？)”可知，AI-Alusi想知道疾病传播的原因和如何与疾病斗争。故选C项。 7．细节理解题。根据小标题“Ryoji Amamoto, Neurobiologist (Ryoji Amamoto，神经生物学家)”下的最后一段“Background: Amamoto lived in Japan until the age of eight, when his family moved to Chicago. He had to overcome major language barriers which saw him shift between speaking English at school and Japanese at home. (背景：Amamoto在日本生活到八岁时全家搬到芝加哥。他必须克服主要的语言障碍，这使他在学校说英语和在家说日语之间发生了转变。)”可知，Amamoto要英语和日语进行转换的原因是他的家庭是移民家庭。故选B项。 8．细节理解题。根据小标题“Yamicia Connor, Physician Scientist (Yamicia Connor，临床科学家)”下的第一段“I once competed in a robot competition. I'm a doctor who studies ways to improve women's health. (我曾经参加过机器人比赛。我是一名医生，研究改善女性健康的方法。)”可知，Yamicia Connor研究如何改善女性健康。根据该小标题下第二段“Her work: Connor is a doctor at a hospital in Boston where she studies cancer cells in a lab using microscopes and computers, but she also works directly with patients who are undergoing tests for new cancer treatments. (她的工作：Connor是波士顿一家医院的医生，她在实验室里用显微镜和计算机研究癌症细胞，但她也直接与正在接受新癌症治疗测试的患者合作。)”可知，她主要通过医药治疗来帮助研究，促进女性健康。故选B项。 9．推理判断题。根据小标题“Ryoji Amamoto, Neurobiologist (神经生物学家)”下的第一段“I'm a huge sports fan. I study animals that can regrow their brains. I'm a licensed scuba diver but a terrible swimmer. (我是一个超级运动迷。我研究能让大脑再生的动物。我是一名有执照的水肺潜水员，但游泳能力很差。)”和“Yamicia Connor, Physician Scientist (Yamicia Connor，临床科学家)”下的第一段“I once competed in a robot competition. I'm a doctor who studies ways to improve women's health. (我曾经参加过机器人比赛。我是一名医生，研究改善女性健康的方法。)”可知，这两位科学家都兴趣广泛，多才多艺。故选B项。 10．推理判断题。根据本文第一段第一二句“A project called ‘I Am A Scientist’ is giving high school students the opportunity to interact with modem-day researchers —breaking down barriers like race, gender and personal interests. You'll get to have a close-up look at the work they are doing. (一个名为“我是科学家”的项目为高中生提供了与现代研究人员互动的机会，打破了种族、性别和个人兴趣等障碍。你可以近距离观察他们正在做的工作。)”可知，该项目以“我是科学家”命名旨在鼓励各种高中生近距离的观察了解这些科学家，增加互动。故选D项。 Passage 3 One of the most important people in the world of robotics is not a conventional roboticist, but a science-fiction writer: Isaac Asimov. He coined the word “robotics”, invented the famous Three Laws, which govern the relation of robots to their human masters, and passed on many myths that affect the way we feel about robots today. What was it, though, that opened up such new worlds to the writer in the very beginning? Born in the rural village of Petrovichi, Russia, in 1920, Isaac moved to Brooklyn with his parents when he was three years old. Making a go of life in the United States turned out to be tougher than the family had expected. It took them three years to save up enough money for a down payment on a small candy store. As a kid, Isaac worked long hours in the store where he became interested in one attraction that pulled in customers: pulp science fiction magazines featuring death rays and alien worlds. Soon after the first rocket launches in the mid-1920s, scientists announced that space travel had become possible, opening the door to exciting tales of adventure in outer space. Atomic energy-the source of the death rays-was also coming into public eye as a potential “super weapon”. But few people actually believed that they would be able to see either atomic bombs or space travel during their lifetime. Neither did Isaac’s father. While the science fiction magazines sold like hot cakes, he considered them to be out-and-out junk. Young Isaac was not allowed to waste time reading about things that did not exist and never would. Despite his father’s objections, Isaac began secretly reading every pulp magazine that appeared in the store, handling each one so carefully that Asimov Senior never knew they had been opened. Isaac finally managed to convince his father that one of the magazines, Science Wonder Stories, had educational value-after all, the word “science” was in the title. At the age of 18, Isaac read the magazine Astounding Science Fiction and tried writing a story of his own. He took the subway and submitted the story in person to the magazine’s famous editor, John Campbell. It was rejected, but Campbell encouraged the young man to send him more. Isaac kept writing and about four months later he managed to sell a story. Then two more, including one that broke him into Astounding Science Fiction. And the rest is history. By the end of his writing career, Isaac was credited with producing more than 500 books on a wide range of subjects, reaching out not only to distant galaxies but also to the distant past for inspiration. 11．The following statements are all true EXCEPT ________. A．Isaac Asimov was a productive science fiction writer B．Isaac Asimov was a Russian immigrant to America C．Isaac Asimov used to work as an amateur roboticist D．Isaac Asimov created the Three Laws of Robotics 12．Why did atomic energy come into public eye in the 1920s? A．Because people read science fiction stories featuring death rays. B．Because the first rocket was launched during this period. C．Because stories about space adventure were very popular. D．Because the it had the potential to become a super weapon 13．Isaac’s father discouraged his son from reading science fiction magazines because ________. A．they depicted life in alien worlds and death rays B．he thought that the stories were poorly written C．these magazines didn’t bring in satisfying profits D．the young boy had to work long hours in their store 14．According to the article, Isaac ended up selling his first story ________. A．thanks to the support and guidance of his father B．to the magazine Astounding Science Fiction C．when he was still a student in high school D．about four months after he met John Campbell 15．Much of Isaac’s initial success could be credited to his ________. A．high intelligence B．artistic creativity C．extensive knowledge D．remarkable persistence 【答案】11．C 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了科幻作家艾萨克·阿西莫夫的成长经历和创作生涯。 11．细节理解题。根据第一段中“One of the most important people in the world of robotics is not a conventional roboticist, but a science-fiction writer: Isaac Asimov. (机器人领域最重要的人物之一并非传统的机器人专家，而是科幻作家艾萨克·阿西莫夫。)”可知，艾萨克·阿西莫夫并非专业的机器人专家，而是科幻作家。所以“艾萨克·阿西莫夫曾经是一名业余机器人专家”表述错误。故选C。 12．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Soon after the first rocket launches in the mid-1920s, scientists announced that space travel had become possible, opening the door to exciting tales of adventure in outer space. Atomic energy-the source of the death rays-was also coming into public eye as a potential “super weapon”. (20世纪20年代中期，人类首次发射火箭后不久，科学家宣布太空旅行已成为可能，这为激动人心的外太空冒险故事打开了大门。作为死亡射线来源的原子能，也作为一种潜在的“超级武器”进入了公众视野。)”可知，原子能在20世纪20年代进入公众视野是因为人们读以死亡射线为主题的科幻小说。故选A。 13．细节理解题。根据第四段中“While the science fiction magazines sold like hot cakes, he considered them to be out-and-out junk. Young Isaac was not allowed to waste time reading about things that did not exist and never would. (虽然科幻杂志卖得很好，但他认为它们完全是垃圾。年轻的艾萨克不被允许浪费时间阅读那些不存在且永远不会存在的东西。)”可知，艾萨克的父亲不鼓励儿子读科幻杂志，因为他认为这些故事写得不好。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“At the age of 18, Isaac read the magazine Astounding Science Fiction and tried writing a story of his own. He took the subway and submitted the story in person to the magazine’s famous editor, John Campbell. It was rejected, but Campbell encouraged the young man to send him more. Isaac kept writing and about four months later he managed to sell a story. (18岁时，艾萨克阅读了《惊人科幻》杂志，并尝试自己创作故事。他乘坐地铁，亲自将故事提交给该杂志著名的编辑约翰・坎贝尔。故事被拒绝了，但坎贝尔鼓励这个年轻人继续投稿。艾萨克坚持写作，大约四个月后，他成功卖出了一个故事。)”可知，艾萨克在遇到约翰·坎贝尔大约四个月后成功卖出了他的第一篇故事。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He took the subway and submitted the story in person to the magazine’s famous editor, John Campbell. It was rejected, but Campbell encouraged the young man to send him more. Isaac kept writing and about four months later he managed to sell a story. (他乘坐地铁，亲自将故事提交给该杂志著名的编辑约翰・坎贝尔。故事被拒绝了，但坎贝尔鼓励这个年轻人继续投稿。艾萨克坚持写作，大约四个月后，他成功卖出了一个故事。)”可知，艾萨克在首次投稿被拒后，没有放弃，而是坚持写作，最终取得了成功，由此可推知，艾萨克最初的许多成功都要归功于他非凡的毅力。故选D。 Passage 4 In the scientific history, few rivalries have captured the imagination like the one between Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison. These two inventors, each with their unique approaches and visions, engaged in a fierce competition that forever transformed the world of electricity and innovation. The paths of Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison first crossed in the late 1800s when Tesla arrived in the United States with his boundless enthusiasm and inventive spirit. Tesla, a young Serbian engineer, sought opportunities to work on his ambitious ideas. Edison, already an established inventor and entrepreneur, recognised Tesla’s talent and employed him at his company, the Edison Machine Works. It was during Tesla’s time working for Edison that the seeds of rivalry were sown. Edison advocated direct current (DC) as the dominant approach to electrical distribution, while Tesla saw the potential of alternating current (AC) systems, which offered greater efficiency over longer distances. The turning point in their rivalry occurred with the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893. Tesla, backed by George Westinghouse, successfully showcased the superiority of AC by lighting the fairgrounds with his AC-powered system. This success crushed Edison’s claims of DC’s superiority, leading to the widespread adoption of AC as the standard for electrical power transmission. However, due to Edison’s influence, AC power was initially dismissed as dangerous and unreliable. In order to demonstrate its safety, Tesla held a public demonstration where he famously lit up a string of lights using his AC motor powered by Niagara Falls, proving once and for all that AC power was safe for use in homes and businesses around the world. While both sides fought fiercely for control of electricity distribution networks across America, it was ultimately Tesla’s AC system that won out due to its greater efficiency over long distances compared with DC systems which quickly lost voltage (电压) as distance increased from their source point. Eventually even Edison himself came around and accepted defeat when he finally admitted that “Tesla has solved an extremely difficult problem”. Despite their differences, the two men had an unwilling respect for each other. Edison was known to refer to Tesla as “one of the greatest electrical geniuses the world has ever seen” while Tesla praised Edison’s contributions to the field of electricity. Though their rivalry defined the development of electricity in the late 19th century, its impact still resonates (回响) today. 16．In which aspect did Tesla’s and Edison’s views on electrical systems differ? A．The source of electrical power. B．The invention of electrical devices. C．The efficiency of power generation. D．The method of electrical transmission. 17．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Defended. B．Recognised. C．Defeated. D．Demonstrated. 18．How did Tesla prove the reliability of AC power? A．By displaying AC-powered lighting in a community. B．By conducting a public experiment at Niagara Falls. C．By getting support from George Westinghouse. D．By highlighting the limitations of DC power. 19．Why did Tesla’s AC system finally achieve success? A．It provided higher voltage outputs. B．It was easier to operate and maintain. C．It had superior long-range performance. D．It received more financial backing. 20．What message does the author want to convey in the text? A．Every cloud has a silver lining. B．Real knowledge comes from practice. C．A rising tide lifts all boats. D．Rivalry fuels progress. 【答案】16．D 17．C 18．B 19．C 20．D 【导语】本文是记叙文。通过讲述尼古拉·特斯拉（Nikola Tesla）和托马斯·爱迪生（Thomas Edison）之间的竞争故事，详细说明了这两位发明家在电力和创新领域所产生的影响以及他们各自的技术观点。 16．细节理解题。根据第三段“It was during Tesla’s time working for Edison that the seeds of rivalry were sown. Edison advocated direct current (DC) as the dominant approach to electrical distribution, while Tesla saw the potential of alternating current (AC) systems, which offered greater efficiency over longer distances.(正是在特斯拉为爱迪生工作的那段时间里，竞争的种子播下了。爱迪生主张将直流电（DC）作为主要的配电方式，而特斯拉则看到了交流电（AC）系统的潜力，交流电可以在更远的距离上提供更高的效率)”可知，特斯拉和爱迪生在电传输的方法有所不同。故选D。 17．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Tesla, backed by George Westinghouse, successfully showcased the superiority of AC by lighting the fairgrounds with his AC-powered system.(特斯拉在乔治·威斯汀豪斯的支持下，成功地通过其交流电供电系统点亮了博览会的场地，从而展示了交流电的优越性)”以及后文“Edison’s claims of DC’s superiority(爱迪生关于直流电优越性的主张)”可知，特斯拉展示了交流电的优越性，这一成功击败了爱迪生关于直流电优越性的主张，可知，故划线词意思是“击败”。故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“However, due to Edison’s influence, AC power was initially dismissed as dangerous and unreliable. In order to demonstrate its safety, Tesla held a public demonstration where he famously lit up a string of lights using his AC motor powered by Niagara Falls, proving once and for all that AC power was safe for use in homes and businesses around the world.(然而，由于爱迪生的影响，交流电最初被认为是危险和不可靠的。为了证明它的安全性，特斯拉举行了一次公开演示，他用尼亚加拉大瀑布供电的交流电机点亮了一串灯，从而彻底证明了交流电在世界各地的家庭和企业中使用是安全的)”可知，特斯拉通过在尼亚加拉大瀑布进行公开实验来证明交流电的可靠性。故选B。 19．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“While both sides fought fiercely for control of electricity distribution networks across America, it was ultimately Tesla’s AC system that won out due to its greater efficiency over long distances compared with DC systems which quickly lost voltage (电压) as distance increased from their source point. Eventually even Edison himself came around and accepted defeat when he finally admitted that “Tesla has solved an extremely difficult problem”.(虽然双方都在为控制美国各地的配电网络而激烈竞争，但最终特斯拉的交流系统胜出，因为与直流系统相比，它在长距离上的效率更高，而直流系统随着距离源点的增加而迅速失去电压。最后，连爱迪生自己也接受了失败，他终于承认“特斯拉解决了一个极其困难的问题”)”可知，因为交流系统具有优越的远程性能，所以最终取得了成功。故选C。 20．推理判断题。根据第一段“In the scientific history, few rivalries have captured the imagination like the one between Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison. These two inventors, each with their unique approaches and visions, engaged in a fierce competition that forever transformed the world of electricity and innovation.(在科学史上，很少有竞争能像尼古拉·特斯拉和托马斯·爱迪生之间的竞争那样引人入胜。这两位发明家，各有其独特的方法和愿景，从事激烈的竞争，永远改变了世界的电力和创新)”以及最后一段“Despite their differences, the two men had an unwilling respect for each other. Edison was known to refer to Tesla as “one of the greatest electrical geniuses the world has ever seen” while Tesla praised Edison’s contributions to the field of electricity. Though their rivalry defined the development of electricity in the late 19th century, its impact still resonates (回响) today.(尽管他们有分歧，这两个人还是不情愿地互相尊重。爱迪生称特斯拉是“世界上最伟大的电气天才之一”，而特斯拉则称赞爱迪生对电学领域的贡献。尽管他们的竞争决定了19世纪后期电力的发展，但其影响至今仍在产生共鸣)”可知，文章主要讲述了尼古拉·特斯拉和托马斯·爱迪生之间的竞争改变世界的电力和创新，所以作者想在文章中传达竞争推动进步的观点。故选D。 题型03 阅读表达 Passage 1 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题. An 89-year-old man has reached a goal he spent 20 years working toward. He earned his doctor degree and became a physicist. Steiner values this degree because it is what he always wanted — and because he overcame health problems that could have interfered with his studies. As a young person in Vienna, Austria, Steiner wanted to become a physicist after reading about Albert Einstein and Max Planck. But after World War Ⅱ, his mother advised him that studying medicine would be a better choice. He earned his medical degree from the University of Vienna in 1955 and moved to the United States soon after. In the U.S., he had a successful career studying blood, became a full professor and led the hematology (血液学) department at Brown’s medical school from 1985 to 1994. He helped establish a research program in hematology and directed that program until he retired from medicine in 2000. Steiner found medical research pleasing, but it was not quite the same as his interest in physics. “It was something like a wish that was never fulilled, that always stuck in the back of my head,” he said. “Once I’m finished with medicine, I really don’t want to spend my life just sitting around and maybe doing a little golfing or doing something like that. I wanted to keep active. At age 70, he started taking undergraduate classes at Brown University. He was planning to just take a few classes that interested him. But by 2007, he had earned enough credits to join the doctoral program. Physics professor Brad Marston soon realized how serious Steiner was about the subject and how hard he worked. “He already had a scientific way of thinking that younger students have to develop,” Marston said. “One thing that’s really true about Manfred is he perseveres.” After the university published a story about Steiner on its website, people across the U.S. contacted him to ask for advice on how to go after their dreams later in life. He said his advice is: Do what you love to do. 1．Why does Steiner attach great importance to this degree? (no more than 10 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? (no more than 7 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 mean? (no more than 7 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．What is Marston’s comment on Steiner after he joined the doctoral program? (no more than 10 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．What do you think of Steiner? Please explain. (no more than 20 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．Because he longed for it and overcame serious health problems./He worked hard toward it and overcame serious health problems. /Because he earned what he wanted and overcame health problems. 2．It is about Steiner’s achievements in medicine./His achievements in medicine./What he achieved in medicine. 3．Steiner always regrets not learning physics./Not learning physics made me regretful. /Steiner felt sorry for not learning physics. /Not learning physics made Steiner feel sorry. /It means he will never forget it / his wish / his dream. /Learning physics was always Steiner’s wish/dream. /The wish wasn’t forgotten. /Steiner never forgot his wish. /Steiner kept his wish in his mind. /His dream/wish was always kept in his mind. /Learning physics was always his wish/dream. 4．He took the subject seriously and worked hard at it./He was serious about the subject and persevered. 5．(Open) I think he is admirable. Because he has a dream and has worked hard for it all his life. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Steiner有个想做物理学家的梦想，后来听从母亲的建议从事了医学，但退休后，这位老人经过努力拼搏，最终实现了他的梦想，成为了一名物理学家的故事。 1．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Steiner values this degree because it is what he always wanted — and because he overcame health problems that could have interfered with his studies.( Steiner重视这个学位，因为这是他一直想要的——而且因为他克服了可能会干扰他的学习的健康问题。)”可知，因为他渴望得到它，并克服了严重的健康问题。故答案为Because he longed for it and overcame serious health problems./He worked hard toward it and overcame serious health problems. /Because he earned what he wanted and overcame health problems. 2．考查主旨大意。根据第四段中“In the U.S., he had a successful career studying blood, became a full professor and led the hematology (血液学) department at Brown’s medical school from 1985 to 1994. He helped establish a research program in hematology and directed that program until he retired from medicine in 2000. (在美国，他的血液研究事业非常成功，1985年至1994年，他成为布朗医学院的正教授，并领导了血液科。他帮助建立了一个血液学研究项目，并指导该项目，直到他2000年从医学退休。)”可知，本段主要是关于Steiner在医学方面取得的成就的。故答案为It is about Steiner’s achievements in medicine./His achievements in medicine./What he achieved in medicine. 3．考查词句猜测。根据第三段“As a young person in Vienna, Austria, Steiner wanted to become a physicist after reading about Albert Einstein and Max Planck.(在奥地利维也纳，年轻的Steiner在阅读了关于Albert Einstein和Max Planck的书后，想成为一名物理学家。)”和第四段中“But after World War Ⅱ, his mother advised him that studying medicine would be a better choice. (但是在第二次世界大战Ⅱ之后，他的母亲建议他学医是一个更好的选择。)”以及划线词句前文“It was something like a wish that was never fulfilled, (这就像是一个从未实现的愿望，)”可知，Steiner梦想是做个物理学家，后来，听从母亲的建议从事了医学，但是他的梦想并没有磨灭。从而推知划线部分“that always stuck in the back of my head”意为“Steiner为没有学习物理而感到遗憾，他永远不会忘记自己想成为一名物理学家的梦想”。故答案为Steiner always regrets not learning physics./Not learning physics made me regretful. /Steiner felt sorry for not learning physics. /Not learning physics made Steiner feel sorry. /It means he will never forget it / his wish / his dream. /Learning physics was always Steiner’s wish/dream. /The wish wasn’t forgotten. /Steiner never forgot his wish. /Steiner kept his wish in his mind. /His dream/wish was always kept in his mind. /Learning physics was always his wish/dream. 4．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中“Physics professor Brad Marston soon realized how serious Steiner was about the subject and how hard he worked. (物理学教授Brad Marston很快意识到Steiner对这门学科是多么严谨，他工作是多么努力。)”以及Marston 所说“One thing that’s really true about Manfred is he perseveres. (Manfred有一点是真的，那就是他坚持不懈。)”可知，Marston认为他态度严谨，工作努力并坚持不懈。故答案为He took the subject seriously and worked hard at it./He was serious about the subject and persevered. 5．考查阅读表达。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“An 89-year-old man has reached a goal he spent 20 years working toward. He earned his doctor degree and became a physicist.(一位89岁的老人终于实现了他为之奋斗了20年的目标。他获得了博士学位，成为了一名物理学家。)”可知，本文主要讲述了Steiner有个想做物理学家的梦想，后来听从母亲的建议从事了医学，但退休后，这位老人最终实现了他的梦想，成为了一名物理学家的故事。故答案可以为I think he is admirable. Because he has a dream and has worked hard for it all his life. Passage 2 On July 14, 2017, Maryam Mirzakhani, Stanford professor of mathematics and the first female winner of the Fields Medal in Mathematics, died at the age of 40. The news was especially hard-hitting for a generation of younger academics who have always held Maryam as a role model whose example is helping redefine women’s status in science and especially mathematics. What was fun was that Maryam always tried to avoid the media’s spotlight. Her modesty and simplicity despite being the first woman to gain such high status in the world of mathematics—winning what’s often called the “Nobel Prize of math”—stood out to those who knew her. Maryam originally wanted to be a writer, a. passion of hers that never faded away even during her postgraduate studies. However, she found an even greater joy in how rewarding it felt to solve mathematical problems. As a student, she was the first female member of Iran’s national team to participate in the International Math Olympiad (IMO), and she won two gold medals in two years—still a record. She received her bachelor’s degree in Iran. and later studied at Harvard. In 2014, Maryam was recognized with the Fields Medal, the highest-ranking award in mathematics. Her work focused on curved surfaces like spheres (球体). Her achievements have applications in other scientific fields, including engineering and material. science. Unfortunately, at that time she was already tackling the breast cancer. Maryam’s legend (传奇)may continue to grow after her early death. Still only 20 percent of full-time math teachers at U. S. universities are women. The example of a woman who rose to the top of this still very male field may help inspire math’s next generation. In the same way people think of Marie Curie or Jane Goodall as scientific pioneers, Maryam Mirzakhani will go down in history as a trailblazer as well as a mathematical genius. 1．Why is Maryam held as a role model? (No more than 15 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What made Maryam stand out to those who knew her? (No more than 10 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．What did Maryam think of solving mathematical problems? (No more than 8 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．What does the underlined word “tackling” mean? (No more than 2 words) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．What is your example of pioneers? Please explain why. (No more than 25 words. ) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．For being the first female winner of the Fields Medal in Mathematics. 2．Helping redefine women’s status in science and especially mathematics. 3．She thought of it as a great joy. 4．Fighting against. 5．My example of pioneer is Tu Youyou. Because of her selfless dedication to scientific research, she has alleviated the suffering and made great contributions to the medical field. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是2017年7月14日，斯坦福大学数学教授、首位菲尔兹数学奖女性得主玛丽亚姆·米尔扎哈尼去世，享年40岁。文章讲述了这位伟大女数学家的传奇一生和优秀品质。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“On July 14, 2017, Maryam Mirzakhani, Stanford professor of mathematics and the first female winner of the Fields Medal in Mathematics, died at the age of 40.( 2017年7月14日，斯坦福大学数学教授、首位菲尔兹数学奖女性得主玛丽亚姆·米尔扎哈尼去世，享年40岁。)”可知，玛丽亚姆·米尔扎哈尼之所以被当作榜样，是因为她是首位菲尔兹数学奖女性得主。故答案为For being the first female winner of the Fields Medal in Mathematics。 2．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“The news was especially hard-hitting for a generation of younger academics who have always held Maryam as a role model whose example is helping redefine women’s status in science and especially mathematics. (这一消息对年轻一代学者的打击尤其严重，他们一直将玛丽亚姆视为榜样，她的榜样帮助重新定义了女性在科学，尤其是数学领域的地位。)”可知，玛丽亚姆帮助重新定义了女性在科学，特别是数学领域的地位，这使她在认识她的人中脱颖而出。故答案为Helping redefine women’s status in science and especially mathematics。 3．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“However, she found an even greater joy in how rewarding it felt to solve mathematical problems. (然而，她从解决数学问题的成就感中找到了更大的乐趣。)”可知，她认为解决数学问题是一种极大的乐趣。故答案为She thought of it as a great joy。 4．考查词义猜测。根据划线词后面的内容“the breast cancer(乳腺癌)”可知，玛丽亚姆在此时与乳腺癌作斗争。故划线词的意思是“对抗”。故答案为Fighting against。 5．主观开放题。根据题干要求，阐述自己的模范榜样。故答案为My example of pioneer is Tu Youyou. Because of her selfless dedication to scientific research, she has alleviated the suffering and made great contributions to the medical field。 题型04 应用文写作 假如你是红星中学高二学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim想了解你最钦佩的一位名人。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1. 该人物的介绍； 2. 你钦佩的理由。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Jim,​ I’m glad you asked about the celebrity I admire most — Tu Youyou, a renowned Chinese scientist. Born in 1930, she has devoted over 60 years to medical research, focusing on combining traditional Chinese medicine with modern science. In 2015, she became the first Chinese woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.​ What impresses me most is her perseverance and selflessness. For decades, she worked day and night in simple labs, overcoming equipment shortages and failures to find a malaria cure. Finally, she discovered artemisinin, which has saved over 6 million lives in Africa and Asia. Even in her 90s, she guides young researchers. Her story inspires me to keep going when facing challenges.​ Yours,​ Li Hua $