内容正文:
2026年中考英语语法填空高频词汇精讲
语法填空是中考英语的核心题型之一,主要考查学生对词汇、语法、固定搭配及语境逻辑的综合运用能力。从近年中考命题趋势来看,该题型聚焦“实词变形”与“虚词固定用法”两大核心,高频词汇的精准掌握是解题的关键。
一、动词类
(一)高频词汇清单
核心词汇
词形变化
(时态/非谓语)
核心搭配与语法考点
语境示例
make
过去式/过去分词:made;现在分词/动名词:making
1. 使役动词:make sb. do sth.(被动式:sb. be made to do sth.);
2. 固定搭配:make progress(进步)、make a decision(做决定)、be made of/from(由……制成);
3. 非谓语:make sb. doing sth.(让某人一直做某事)
The teacher made us read the text again.(使役动词用原形)
She is good at making cakes.(介词后用动名词)
know
过去式:knew;过去分词:known;现在分词:knowing
1. 固定搭配:know about/of(了解)、be known as(作为……闻名)、be known for(因……闻名);
2. 宾语从句:know that/what/when...
He is known for his kindness.(固定搭配)
I don't know when he will come.(宾语从句引导词)
learn
过去式/过去分词:learned/learnt;现在分词:learning
1. 固定搭配:learn from(向……学习)、learn to do sth.(学会做某事)、learn doing sth.(尝试学习做某事);
2. 被动式:be learned(表“博学的”,形容词属性)
We should learn from mistakes.(固定搭配)
She is learning to play the piano.(learn to do sth.)
realize
过去式/过去分词:realized;现在分词:realizing
1. 后接宾语从句:realize that...(意识到……);
2. 固定搭配:realize one's dream(实现梦想);
3. 非谓语:realizing(作状语,表主动)
He realized that he was wrong.(宾语从句)
Realizing the danger, she ran away quickly.(现在分词作状语)
provide
过去式/过去分词:provided;现在分词:providing
1. 固定搭配:provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth.(为某人提供某物);
2. 连词属性:providing/provided that...(假如,引导条件状语从句)
The school provides books for the students.(固定搭配)
Provided that you work hard, you will pass the exam.(引导条件从句)
develop
过去式/过去分词:developed;现在分词:developing
1. 固定搭配:develop a habit(养成习惯)、develop into(发展成为);
2. 派生词:development(名词,发展)、developing(形容词,发展中的)、developed(形容词,发达的)
We should develop the habit of reading.(固定搭配)
China is a developing country.(形容词作定语)
improve
过去式/过去分词:improved;现在分词:improving
1. 固定搭配:improve oneself(提升自己)、improve sth. by doing sth.(通过做某事改进某物);
2. 派生词:improvement(名词,改进)
She improves her English by speaking it every day.(by+动名词)
This is a great improvement for him.(名词用法)
consider
过去式/过去分词:considered;现在分词:considering
1. 固定搭配:consider doing sth.(考虑做某事)、consider as(把……看作);
2. 派生词:consideration(名词,考虑);
3. 被动式:be considered to be(被认为是)
I am considering going to Beijing.(consider doing sth.)
He is considered to be a good student.(被动式)
(二)真题小练
1. We ______(learn)English for six years. Now we can speak it well.
2. The government provides enough food and water ______ the homeless people.
3. My mother often ______(make)delicious food for us on weekends.
4. ______(realize)his mistake, Tom apologized to his teacher at once.
5. We should ______(develop)a good habit of reading every day.
6. She ______(know)the truth since last Monday.
7. He is considering ______(go)to the countryside for vacation.
8. Our English level ______(improve)greatly in the past few months.
9. The little girl was made ______(play)the piano for two hours every day.
10. Providing that we ______(work)hard together, we will finish the task on time.
答案:
1. have learned/have learnt(现在完成时,for引导的时间状语提示)
2. for(固定搭配provide sth. for sb.)
3. makes(一般现在时,主语为第三人称单数)
4. Realizing(现在分词作状语,表主动)
5. develop(情态动词should后接动词原形)
6. has known(现在完成时,since引导的时间状语提示)
7. going(固定搭配consider doing sth.)
8. has improved(现在完成时,in the past few months提示)
9. to play(使役动词make的被动式,需加to)
10. work(条件状语从句,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时)
二、名词类
(一)高频词汇清单
核心词汇
单复数/词形拓展
核心搭配与语法考点
语境示例
attention
不可数名词,无复数
1. 固定搭配:pay attention to(注意,to为介词,后接名词/动名词);
2. 常见修饰词:much/close attention(大量/密切关注)
Please pay attention to listening to the teacher.(to后接动名词)
He paid close attention to the details.(修饰词用法)
effort
可数名词,复数:efforts;派生词:effortful(形容词,费力的)
1. 固定搭配:make efforts(努力,复数常用)、put effort into(投入精力,effort为不可数);
2. 常见句式:It takes/took sb. effort to do sth.(做某事花费某人精力)
We should make great efforts to achieve our goals.(复数形式)
She put a lot of effort into studying.(into后接动名词)
reason
可数名词,复数:reasons;派生词:reasonable(形容词,合理的)
1. 固定搭配:the reason for(……的原因,for后接名词/动名词);
2. 定语从句:the reason why...(……的原因,why引导定语从句)、the reason that...(先行词在从句中作主语/宾语)
What's the reason for your absence?(固定搭配)
This is the reason why I left early.(why引导定语从句)
situation
可数名词,复数:situations;派生词:situational(形容词,情境的)
1. 固定搭配:in a difficult situation(处于困境)、deal with the situation(处理局面);
2. 常见修饰词:different/serious situations(不同/严重的局面)
He stayed calm when he was in a dangerous situation.(单数形式)
We need to adapt to different situations.(复数形式)
confidence
不可数名词,无复数;派生词:confident(形容词,自信的)
1. 固定搭配:have confidence in(对……有信心)、build confidence(建立信心);
2. 形容词转换:be confident in(同义替换have confidence in)
She has great confidence in her ability.(不可数名词用法)
He is confident of passing the exam.(形容词用法)
information
不可数名词,无复数;常见量化:a piece of information(一条信息)、some information(一些信息)
1. 固定搭配:collect information(收集信息)、provide information(提供信息);
2. 易混点:与“news(新闻)”“message(消息,可数)”区分
Can you give me a piece of information about the exam?(量化表达)
He sent me a message yesterday.(易混词对比)
scientist
可数名词,复数:scientists;派生词:science(名词,科学)、scientific(形容词,科学的)
1. 词性关联:science(科学)→scientist(科学家,职业名词)→scientific(科学的,形容词);
2. 固定搭配:a famous scientist(一位著名科学家)
Yuan Longping was a great scientist.(单数形式)
We should learn scientific knowledge.(形容词用法)
experience
可数名词(表“经历”):experiences;不可数名词(表“经验”):experience;派生词:experienced(形容词,有经验的)
1. 词义辨析:根据语境判断“经历”(可数)或“经验”(不可数);
2. 形容词用法:be experienced in(在……方面有经验)
He has many interesting experiences during the trip.(经历,可数)
She has rich experience in teaching.(经验,不可数)
(二)真题小练
1. We need to put more ______(effort)into improving our writing skills.
2. She has much ______(confident)in herself, so she always performs well in exams.
3. Could you give me a piece of ______(information)about the upcoming sports meeting?
4. Yuan Longping was a great ______(science)who helped many people solve the food problem.
5. He has many interesting ______(experience)during his trip to Yunnan.
6. The reason ______ he was late is that he missed the early bus.
7. It takes a lot of ______(effort)to master a foreign language.
8. We should pay close ______(attention)to the safety rules when crossing the road.
9. The ______(situation)in the flood-stricken area is getting better and better.
10. She is a ______(reason)person, so she always makes wise decisions.
11. He sent me two ______(message)yesterday, but I didn't see them.
12. Building ______(confidence)is very important for teenagers' growth.
答案:
1. efforts(固定搭配make efforts的变形,more修饰复数)
2. confidence(much修饰不可数名词,confident的名词形式)
3. information(不可数名词,量化用a piece of)
4. scientist(职业名词,由science转换而来)
5. experiences(表“经历”,为可数名词)
6. why(引导定语从句,先行词为reason)
7. effort(不可数名词,表“精力”)
8. attention(固定搭配pay attention to,不可数名词)
9. situation(单数形式,表“局面、情况”)
10. reasonable(形容词,由reason转换而来,修饰名词person)
11. messages(可数名词,复数形式)
12. confidence(不可数名词,表“信心”)
三、形容词与副词类
(一)高频词汇清单
核心词汇
词形转换
(形→副/反义)
比较级/最高级
核心用法与修饰关系
语境示例
good
副词:well;反义词:bad(形容词)、badly(副词)
比较级:better;最高级:best(不规则变化)
1. good:修饰名词(作定语/表语);
2. well:修饰动词(作状语),或表“身体好”(作表语);
3. 比较级/最高级:可修饰名词或动词
He is a good student.(good修饰名词)/ He studies well.(well修饰动词)/ This is the best book I've ever read.(最高级)
bad
副词:badly;派生词:badness(名词,糟糕)
比较级:worse;最高级:worst(不规则变化)
1. bad:修饰名词(作定语/表语);
2. badly:修饰动词(作状语),或表“严重地”;
3. 比较级worse可作形容词/副词,最高级worst同理
It's a bad idea.(bad修饰名词)/ He did badly in the exam.(badly修饰动词)/ His condition is getting worse.(比较级作表语)
recent
副词:recently;派生词:recentness(名词,近期)
无比较级/最高级(部分双音节形容词无变形)
1. recent:修饰名词(recent news/developments);
2. recently:作时间状语,常与现在完成时/一般过去时连用
There are some recent changes in the policy.(recent修饰名词)/ Recently, I have visited a new museum.(recently作时间状语)
exact
副词:exactly;反义词:inexact(形容词)、inexactly(副词)
无比较级/最高级
1. exact:修饰名词(exact time/address);
2. exactly:修饰动词/形容词,表“精确地、恰好”,或用于强调观点
Can you tell me the exact time of the meeting?(exact修饰名词)/ That's exactly what I think.(exactly强调观点)
normal
副词:normally;派生词:normality(名词,常态)
比较级:more normal;最高级:most normal(多音节形容词规则变化)
1. normal:作定语/表语(normal life/feelings);
2. normally:修饰谓语动词,表“通常、正常情况下”
It's normal to feel nervous before exams.(normal作表语)/ Normally, we get up at 6:30 a.m.(normally修饰谓语)
social
副词:socially;派生词:society(名词,社会)
无比较级/最高级
1. social:修饰名词(social life/skills/network);
2. socially:修饰形容词/动词,表“在社交方面、社会上”
He has good social skills.(social修饰名词)/ She is socially active.(socially修饰形容词)
possible
副词:possibly;反义词:impossible(形容词)、impossibly(副词)
比较级:more possible;最高级:most possible
1. 固定句式:It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.(某人做某事是可能的);
2. possibly:表推测,常用于否定句/疑问句,或修饰形容词最高级
It's possible to finish the work in two days.(固定句式)/ Can you possibly help me?(possibly用于疑问句)
wonderful
副词:wonderfully;派生词:wonder(动词/名词,好奇/奇迹)
比较级:more wonderful;最高级:most wonderful
1. wonderful:作定语/表语,修饰名词(wonderful trip/performance);
2. wonderfully:修饰动词,表“精彩地、极好地”
We had a wonderful time at the party.(wonderful修饰名词)/ She sang wonderfully at the concert.(wonderfully修饰动词)
(二)真题小练
1. The movie was so ______(wonder)that all the audience cried.
2. He speaks English ______(exact)because he practices every day.
3. This is the ______(good)book I have ever read.
4. He did ______(bad)in the math exam than last time.
5. ______(recent), we have organized several volunteer activities.
6. It's ______(normal)to feel nervous before an important exam.
7. She sings ______(wonderful)in the school singing competition.
8. Is it ______(possible)to finish the work in three days?
9. He is ______(social)active and has many friends.
10. The weather is getting ______(bad)and we have to stay at home.
11. Can you tell me the ______(exact)time of the train?
12. She is ______(well)today than yesterday, so she can go to school.
答案:
1. wonderful(so修饰形容词,作表语)
2. exactly(副词修饰动词speaks)
3. best(最高级,由the和语境提示)
4. worse(比较级,由than提示)
5. Recently(副词作时间状语)
6. normal(形容词作表语)
7. wonderfully(副词修饰动词sings)
8. possible(形容词作表语,固定句式It is possible to do sth.)
9. socially(副词修饰形容词active)
10. worse(比较级,表“越来越糟”)
11. exact(形容词修饰名词time)
12. better(比较级,well表“身体好”时的比较级为better)
四、代词类
(一)高频词汇清单
核心词汇
相关变形
核心用法与语法考点
语境示例
other
others(不定代词,表“其他的人/物”,复数);another(不定代词,表“另一个”,单数);the other(表“两者中的另一个”)
1. other+名词复数(表“其他的……”);
2. some...others...(固定结构,表“一些……另一些……”);
3. another+名词单数(表“另一个……”,泛指);
4. the other+名词单数/复数(表特指)
I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue.(两者中的另一个)/ Some students like reading, others like sports.(some...others...)
our
形容词性物主代词:our;名词性物主代词:ours;反身代词:ourselves
1. our+名词(修饰名词,不能单独使用);
2. ours=our+名词(可单独使用,作主语/宾语/表语);
3. ourselves:反身代词,表“我们自己”,用于主语与宾语一致时
This is our classroom.(our修饰名词)/ This classroom is ours.(ours单独使用)/ We should take care of ourselves.(反身代词)
their
形容词性物主代词:their;名词性物主代词:theirs;反身代词:themselves
1. their+名词(修饰复数名词,表“他们的……”);
2. theirs=their+名词(单独使用);
3. themselves:反身代词,表“他们自己”,可用于by themselves(独自)
They finished their homework on time.(their修饰名词)/ These books are theirs.(theirs单独使用)/ They did the work by themselves.(by+反身代词)
any
复合代词:anyone/anybody(任何人)、anything(任何事);形容词:any(任何的)
1. any(形容词):否定句/疑问句中表“一些”,肯定句中表“任何”;
2. 复合代词:用于否定句/疑问句/肯定句(表“任何”),后不接名词
Do you have any books?(疑问句,表“一些”)/ You can ask anyone for help.(肯定句,表“任何”)
each
无变形(形容词/代词);相关短语:each of...
1. each作定语:each+名词单数(表“每个……”);
2. each作主语/宾语:可单独使用,谓语动词用单数;
3. each of+复数名词/代词:谓语动词用单数
Each student has a dictionary.(each作定语)/ Each of them has a key.(each of+复数名词,谓语单数)
that
指示代词:that(那个);替代词:that(替代前文提到的单数名词/不可数名词);连词:that(引导从句)
1. 指示代词:特指前文提到的单数名词(与this相对);
2. 替代词:避免重复,that=the+单数名词/不可数名词(复数用those)
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.(替代不可数名词weather)/ That is my book.(指示代词)
(二)真题小练
1. —Is this your pen? —No, it's not ______. Mine is in the bag.
2. ______ of the students in our class has a new textbook.
3. I have two sisters. One is a doctor, and ______ is a teacher.
4. Some students like playing basketball, ______ like playing football.
5. This classroom is ______. We decorated it ourselves.
6. Did you see ______ interesting in the museum?
7. They finished the work by ______.
8. The weather in Shanghai is warmer than ______ in Beijing.
9. We should take care of ______ when our parents are not at home.
10. ______ student in the group has to finish the task on time.
11. These books are not ______. They belong to the library.
12. You can ask ______ for help if you are in trouble.
答案:
1. mine(名词性物主代词,相当于my pen)
2. Each(each of+复数名词,谓语动词用单数)
3. the other(两者中的另一个)
4. others(固定结构some...others...)
5. ours(名词性物主代词,相当于our classroom)
6. anything(复合不定代词,用于疑问句)
7. themselves(反身代词,by oneself表“独自”)
8. that(替代不可数名词weather,避免重复)
9. ourselves(反身代词,主语为we)
10. Each(each作定语,修饰名词单数)
11. theirs(名词性物主代词,相当于their books)
12. anyone/anybody(复合不定代词,表“任何人”)
五、虚词类(介词、连词、冠词)
(一)高频词汇清单
词类
核心词汇
核心用法与语法考点
语境示例
介词
because of、according to、instead of、with、without、by、in、on、at
1. because of:后接名词/动名词,表原因(区别于because+从句);
2. according to:根据,后接名词(如according to the news);
3. instead of:代替,后接名词/动名词;
4. by:表方式(by doing sth.)、表乘坐交通工具(by bus);
5. in/on/at:时间/地点搭配(in+年/月/季节/大地点;on+具体日期/星期;at+具体时刻/小地点)
He didn't go to school because of illness.(because of+名词)/ We go to school by bike.(by表方式)/ She was born in 2010.(in+年份)
连词
unless、while、so、but、however、because、that、which
1. unless:表“除非”,=if not,引导条件状语从句(主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时);
2. while:表“当……时”(引导时间状语从句,从句用进行时)、表“然而”(表转折,对比两者);
3. so:表结果(区别于because表原因);
4. but/however:表转折(however后常加逗号);
5. that/which:引导定语从句(that可指人/物,which只指物;先行词为不定代词时用that)
You will fail unless you work hard.(unless引导条件从句)/ I was reading while my mother was cooking.(while引导时间从句)/ He is young, but he is very experienced.(but表转折)
冠词
a、an、the
1. a/an:不定冠词,接可数名词单数(a后接辅音音素开头单词,an后接元音音素开头单词);
2. the:定冠词,表特指(前文提到的人/物、独一无二的事物、序数词/最高级前、乐器前);
3. 零冠词:球类/棋类/学科前、复数名词表泛指时
He is a student.(a+辅音音素)/ She plays the piano well.(乐器前用the)/ We playfootball after school.(球类前零冠词)
(二)
1. We will have a picnic ______ Sunday morning.
2. He didn't give up ______ he faced many difficulties.
3. He didn't go to school ______ illness.
4. We usually go to school ______ bike.
5. She was born ______ 2008.
6. You will succeed ______ you work hard.
7. He is good at playing ______ piano.
8. I was reading ______ my mother was cooking.
9. He is young, ______ he is very experienced.
10. According ______ the weather report, it will rain tomorrow.
11. He gets up ______ 6:30 every morning.
12. We should go to bed early ______ we can get up on time tomorrow.
答案:
1. on(具体日期/星期的上午用on)
2. though/although(引导让步状语从句,表“尽管”)
3. because of(后接名词,表原因)
4. by(表乘坐交通工具,固定搭配)
5. in(in+年份)
6. if(引导条件状语从句,表“如果”)
7. the(乐器前用定冠词the)
8. while(引导时间状语从句,表“当……时”,从句用进行时)
9. but(表转折关系)
10. to(固定搭配according to)
11. at(at+具体时刻)
12. so that(引导目的状语从句,表“以便”)
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