Unit 6 Section A 1a-Grammar Focus (导学案)英语新教材人教版九年级上册

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Unit 6 Beyond Earth Section A(1a-Grammar Focus)导学案 1.能识别、朗读 Grammar Focus 板块的重点词汇;能够理解描述事物的常用句型;读懂一般将来时的被动语态,掌握一般将来时被动语态的基本构成规则。(学习理解) 2.能在对话练习中获取句子信息,完成问答、填空任务;能模仿 Grammar Focus 例句,运用一般将来时的被动语态造句,正确使用被动语态结构。(应用实践) 3.能结合提示进行简短口头表达,描述未来将会被完成的事情;能够结合生活实例,运用目标语法表达想法,提升综合语言运用能力。(迁移创新) 重点:1.掌握 Grammar Focus 中的重点词汇;熟练掌握一般将来时的被动语态,牢记被动语态的基本构成。 2.掌握一般将来时被动语态的句式变换规则,理解主动语态与被动语态之间的转换方法。 难点:1.有条理地运用一般将来时被动语态描述事件,结合生活实例完整表达自己的观点。 2.在真实语境正确使用一般将来时的被动语态,区分主动语态与被动语态,准确运用被动语态描述将来发生的动作。 一、英汉互译 1.manned mission to the moon ____________2.long-term space station _______________________ 3.weightless environment ___________________4.run out of resources __________________ 5.deal with climate change _________________6.outer space __________________________ 7.exoplanets outside the solar system _____________________ 8.祝融火星车 __________________9.巡天空间望远镜 _________________ 10.开展太空实验 _______________11.建立国际研究站 _______________ 12.了解地球在宇宙中的位置 _______________13.从太空眺望地球 ______________ 14.寻找外星生命 ___________________ 【答案】1.载人登月任务 2.长期空间站 3.失重环境 4.耗尽资源 5.应对气候变化 6.外太空 7.太阳系外行星 8.Zhurong Mars rover 9.Xuntian Space Telescope 10.carry out space experiments 11.build international research stations 12.understand Earth’s place in the universe 13.gaze at Earth from space 14.look for alien life 二、选词填空 阅读下面短文,用方框中所给词或短语的正确形式填空,使短文完整、通顺。每个词或短语限用一次。 A.launched | B.on board | C. in case | D.cooperate | E. requires | F. completed | G. weightless China’s space exploration program has made remarkable progress. The Tianwen-1 spacecraft was 15 in 2020 and reached Mars in 2021. The three astronauts living 16 the Tiangong space station must 17 with each other closely, as teamwork is essential for mission success. Each mission 18 thousands of hours of preparation. During spacewalks, astronauts must tie themselves to the station 19 they float away. They often feel 20 in space, which makes even ordinary movements feel unusual. 【答案】15.A 16.B 17.D 18.E 19.C 20.G 【导语】本文介绍中国航天事业的发展,讲述天问一号、天宫空间站相关航天知识,说明航天员工作要求、太空行走注意事项与太空失重体验。 【详解】15.句意:天问一号航天器于2020年发射,并在2021年抵达火星。根据原句“The Tianwen-1 spacecraft was … in 2020 and reached Mars in 2021”,本句为一般过去时被动语态,结构为“was+过去分词”;备选词launched含义为“发射”,符合航天器升空的语境。 16.句意:三名生活在天宫空间站的航天员必须紧密协作。根据原句“The three astronauts living … the Tiangong space station must cooperate with each other closely”,固定短语on board含义为“在(航天器、空间站)上”,on board the Tiangong space station表示“在天宫空间站内”,贴合语境。 17.句意:三名生活在天宫空间站的航天员必须紧密协作。根据原句“The three astronauts living on board the Tiangong space station must … with each other closely”,情态动词must后接动词原形;固定搭配cooperate with sb.含义为“与某人合作”,备选词cooperate贴合团队协作的航天工作要求。 18.句意:每一次任务都需要数千小时的筹备工作。根据原句“Each mission … thousands of hours of preparation”,主语Each mission为单数名词,本句描述客观事实,使用一般现在时,谓语动词使用三单形式;备选词requires含义为“需要”,对应任务筹备耗时久的逻辑。 19.句意:太空行走期间,航天员必须把自己固定在空间站上,以防漂浮起来。根据原句“During spacewalks, astronauts must tie themselves to the station … they float away”,短语in case含义为“以防、万一”,引导目的状语从句,贴合固定身体避免飘走的操作目的。 20.句意:他们在太空经常会感到失重,这让普通的动作都变得不寻常。根据原句“They often feel … in space, which makes even ordinary movements feel unusual”,感官动词feel后接形容词作表语;备选词weightless含义为“失重的”,是太空独有的身体感受,符合语境。 知识点 1:China's Zhurong rover successfully landed on Mars in 2021 and it is hoped that a manned mission to the moon will follow around 2030.(中国祝融号火星车于 2021 年成功登陆火星,预计载人登月任务将在 2030 年左右实施。【P52】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:land ____ 登陆;降落(后接陆地、星球等名词);it is hoped ____… 人们希望……;预计……;a ____ mission 载人任务。 2.successfully:________,含义:成功地;形容词:______;名词:________;动词:________,动词短语:succeed ____ doing sth. 成功做某事。 例句: ► It is hoped that we will finish the space task soon. 人们希望我们能很快完成这项太空任务。 ► The spacecraft landed on the moon safely. 这艘宇宙飞船安全登陆月球。 【答案】on;that;manned;副词;successful;success;succeed;in 知识点 2:China has announced that more astronauts will be sent to the Tiangong Space Station.(中国已经宣布,更多宇航员将会被送往天宫空间站。【P52】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:announce ____… 宣布……;be sent ____ 被送往;the Tiangong Space Station 天宫空间站。 例句: ► The teacher announced that we will have a trip next week. 老师宣布我们下周将会有一次出行。 ► More robots will be sent to space. 更多机器人将会被送往太空。 【答案】that;to 知识点 3:It is designed to move along with Tiangong Space Station so it can be more easily maintained and repaired.(它被设计成跟随天宫空间站一起移动,这样它就可以更方便地维护和维修。【P52】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:be designed ____ do sth. 被设计用来做某事;move along ____ 随同…… 一起移动;maintain and repair 维护与维修。 2.easily:_______(词性),含义:容易地;形容词:__________;比较级:____。 例句: ► The tool is designed to help astronauts work. 这个工具被设计用来帮助宇航员工作。 ► The machine can be easily maintained. 这台机器可以很方便地维护。 【答案】to;with;副词;easy;more easily 知识点4:You see I can move everywhere by just pushing against the wall.(你看,我只需要推一下墙壁就可以到处移动。【P54】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:push ____ 推;against 紧靠、碰撞;by ____ sth. 通过做某事(by 后接动名词,表示方式)。 例句: ► You can open the door by pulling it. 你可以通过拉动它来开门。 ► He pushed against the door. 他用力推门。 【答案】against;doing 知识点 5:I want to know how it feels to be weightless.(我想知道失重是什么感觉。【P54】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:want ____ know 想要知道;how it feels ____ do sth. 做某事是什么感觉;be ____ 失重的。 2.weightless:______(词性),含义:失重的;名词:_________;动词:____。 例句: ► I want to know how it feels to fly in space. 我想知道在太空飞行是什么感觉。 ► Astronauts are weightless in space. 宇航员在太空处于失重状态。 【答案】to;to;weightless;形容词;weight;weigh 知识点6 It's a little hard to fall asleep. We have to be tied down so we don't fly away.(入睡有点难。我们必须被固定住,这样才不会飘走。【P54】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:fall ____ 入睡;have ____ 必须;be tied ____ 被系紧、被固定;fly ____ 飘走。 2.asleep:______(词性),含义:睡着的;形容词:______(熟睡的);动词:_____; 3.fly:动词,含义:飞、飘,过去式:________。 例句: ► It's hard to fall asleep at night. 晚上很难入睡。 ► The boxes are tied down tightly. 箱子被牢牢固定住。 【答案】asleep;to;down;away;形容词;sleepy;sleep;flew 知识点 7:The study of other planets helps us better understand Earth's geology history and relationship with other planets.(对其他行星的研究有助于我们更好地了解地球的地质历史以及地球和其他行星之间的关系。【P54】) 用法讲解: 1. 核心短语:the study ____ …… 的研究;help sb. ____ sth. 帮助某人某事; 2. understand:动词,含义:理解;过去式:_________;名词:_________; 3. geology:_______(词性),含义:地质学;形容词:__________(地质的)。 例句: ► The study of space helps us know more about the universe. 对太空的研究帮助我们更多地了解宇宙。 ► We study geological changes of the earth. 我们研究地球的地质变化。 【答案】of;with;sth;understood;understanding;名词;geological 知识点 8:Second, technology developed for space can benefit us here on earth.(其次,为太空研发的技术可以造福地球上的我们。【P54】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:develop ____ 开发、研发;benefit sb. ____ sth. 在某方面使某人受益;on ____ 在地球上。 2.benefit:_____(词性),含义:有益于;形容词:_______(有益的);名词:____(益处)。 例句: ► The new technology can benefit people. 这项新技术可以造福人们。 ► Exercise is beneficial to our health. 运动对我们的健康有益。 【答案】ed;in;earth;动词;beneficial;benefit 知识点 9:Some satellites, for example, help us deal with problems caused by climate change.(例如,一些卫星帮助我们应对由气候变化引发的各类问题。【P55】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:deal ____ 处理、应对;be caused ____ 由…… 引起;climate ____ 气候变化。 2.语法:caused by climate change 是过去分词短语作____定语,用来修饰前面的名词 problems。 3.cause:________(词性),含义:引起;名词:________(原因)。 例句: ► We should learn to deal with difficulties. 我们应该学会处理困难。 ► The fire was caused by carelessness. 这场火灾是由粗心引发的。 【答案】with;by;change;后置;动词;cause 知识点 10:This project will require students to do research on space exploration.(这个项目将要求学生做太空探索相关的研究。【P55】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:require sb. ____ do sth. 要求某人做某事;do research ____ 做关于…… 的研究;space ____ 太空探索。 2.exploration:_______(词性),含义:探索;动词:________。 例句: ► The teacher requires us to finish the task. 老师要求我们完成这项任务。 ► He does research on animal protection. 他做关于动物保护的研究。 【答案】to;on;exploration;名词;explore 知识点 11:Because of the bad weather, they will cancel the trip to the space museum.(由于恶劣天气,他们将取消太空博物馆的行程。【P55】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:because ____ 因为(后接名词 / 名词短语);cancel the ____ 取消行程;the trip ____ …… 的旅行。 2.语法辨析:because + 句子;because of + ____(短语)。 3.cancel:动词,含义:取消;过去式:_________;名词:_______________。 例句: ► The sports meeting was put off because of the heavy rain. 运动会因为大雨推迟了。 ► We have to cancel our plan. 我们不得不取消我们的计划。 【答案】of;trip;to;名词;cancelled;cancellation 知识点 12:The universe is filled with stars.(宇宙中布满恒星。【P55】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:be filled ____ 充满;be full ____ 充满;be known ____ 因…… 出名;be known ____ 作为…… 出名。 2.语法辨析:be filled with 是____语态结构;be full of 是形容词短语,无被动含义,二者同义。 3.known:____(词性),含义:已知的 例句: ► The box is filled with books. = The box is full of books. 盒子里装满了书。 ► She is known ____ her paintings. 她因画作而出名。 ► She is known ____ a painter. 她作为一名画家而出名。 【答案】with;of;for;as;被动;形容词;for;as 知识点13 【本单元语法重点:一般将来时的被动语态】 用法讲解: 1.含义:表示将来要发生的被动动作,主语是动作的____(主语不会发出这个动作,而是被……)。 核心结构 ✅ 肯定句:will ____ + 动词____ ✅ 否定句:will not (won’t) ____ + 动词____ ✅ 一般疑问句:____ + 主语 + ____ + 动词____? ✅ 简略回答:Yes, 主语 + ____. / No, 主语 + ____. 2.补充结构(be going to 表将来的被动): 肯定:am/is/are going to ____ + 过去分词 否定:am/is/are not going to ____ + 过去分词 疑问:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to ____ + 过去分词? 3.标志词:tomorrow, next year, in the future, soon, in + 一段时间(in three days 三天后) 例句(贴合本单元太空主题) ① More astronauts will ____ ____ to the Tiangong Space Station. 更多宇航员将会被送往天宫空间站。(肯定) ② The space project won’t ____ ____ in one day. 这个太空项目不会一天之内就完成。(否定) ③ ____ a new spaceship ____ ____ next year? 一艘新飞船将会在明年发射吗?(一般疑问) Yes, it will. / No, it won’t. ④ A new space museum is going to ____ ____ in our city. 一座新的太空博物馆将要在我们城市建造。(be going to 被动) 4.主动变被动转换口诀 宾变主,主变宾(by 短语引出),谓语换成 will be done,动词不忘____。 主动:We will build a space station. 被动:A space station ____ ____ ____ (by us). 【答案】承受者;be;过去分词;be;过去分词;Will;be;过去分词;will;won’t;be;be;be;be sent;be finished;Will;be launched;be built;过去分词;will be built 一、单项选择 1.China is one of the few countries that can ________ manned spacecraft independently. A.launch B.land C.orbit D.explore 【答案】A 【详解】句意:中国是少数几个能够独立发射载人飞船的国家之一。 launch发射;land着陆;orbit环绕……运行;explore探索。根据“manned spacecraft”及常识可知,此处指具备独立“发射”载人飞船的能力。 2.Astronauts have to take special training to ________ the life in space. A.adapt to B.look forward to C.pay attention to D.stick to 【答案】A 【详解】句意:宇航员必须接受特殊训练以适应太空生活。 adapt to适应;look forward to期待;pay attention to注意;stick to坚持。根据“Astronauts have to take special training”以及“the life in space”可知,训练的目的是为了“适应”太空中的生活,adapt to“适应”符合语境。 3.—Do you know when the next space mission will start? —It’s said ________ the end of this month. A.at B.in C.on D.for 【答案】A 【详解】句意:—你知道下一次太空任务什么时候开始吗?—据说是在这个月底。 at在;in在……里面;on在……上面;for为了。固定短语at the end of...意为“在……末/底”,符合题意。 4.So far, our country ________ great achievements in space exploration. A.made B.has made C.makes D.will make 【答案】B 【详解】句意:到目前为止,我国在太空探索方面已经取得了巨大成就。 根据时间状语“So far”可知,表示动作从过去持续到现在或对现在造成影响,应用现在完成时,has made符合语境。 5.The moon rock samples ________ back to Earth by the spacecraft last year. A.brought B.were brought C.bring D.are brought 【答案】B 【详解】句意:月球岩石样本去年被宇宙飞船带回地球。 根据“by the spacecraft”可知主语与动词之间是被动关系,需用被动语态;时间状语“last year”表示过去,需用一般过去时。主语是复数,故结构为were brought。 6.A new space telescope ________ into space next year. A.will send B.will be sent C.sends D.is sent 【答案】B 【详解】句意:一个新的太空望远镜将在明年被送入太空。 根据时间状语next year可知句子时态为一般将来时;主语A new space telescope与动词send之间是被动关系,所以要用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为“will be+过去分词”。应填will be sent。 7.Thousands of exoplanets ________ by scientists so far. A.discover B.discovered C.have been discovered D.will be discovered 【答案】C 【详解】句意:到目前为止,数千颗系外行星已经被科学家发现了。 根据时间状语“so far”可知,句子应用现在完成时;主语“Thousands of exoplanets”是动作“discover”的承受者,且由“by scientists”提示,应用被动语态。现在完成时的被动语态结构为“have/has been+过去分词”,主语为复数,助动词用have。 8.We believe more stations ________ on Mars one day. A.build B.are built C.will be built D.were built 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我们相信总有一天火星上将会建造更多的站点。 根据“one day”可知,本句描述将来发生的事,应用一般将来时;主语“more stations”与动词build之间为被动关系,需用被动语态结构,即一般将来时的被动语态will be built。结合句意逻辑,因此空处应用will be built。 9.It ________ that water means possible alien life on other planets. A.thinks B.thought C.is thought D.will think 【答案】C 【详解】句意:人们认为水意味着其他星球上可能存在外星生命。 根据句型结构“It is thought that…”可知,此处是固定句型,it作形式主语,真正的主语是that从句,意为“人们认为……”;代词it与think之间为被动关系,需用被动语态。结合句意逻辑,因此空处应用is thought。 10.—Do you know ________ we explore space? —To learn more about the universe and find new resources. A.why B.what C.where D.how 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——你知道我们为什么探索太空吗?——为了更多地了解宇宙并寻找新资源。 why为什么(询问原因或目的);what什么(询问事物);where在哪里(询问地点);how怎样(询问方式)。根据答语“To learn more about the universe and find new resources.”可知,回答使用了动词不定式短语表示目的,说明问句是在询问探索太空的原因或目的。结合句意逻辑,引导宾语从句的连接词应用why。 11.The Tiangong Station ________ several years ago. A.completes B.completed C.was completed D.will be completed 【答案】C 【详解】句意:天宫空间站几年前就被建成了。 根据时间状语“several years ago”可知时态为一般过去时,且主语“The Tiangong Station”与动词“complete”之间是被动关系,故使用一般过去时被动语态,结构为“was/were+过去分词”,主语“The Tiangong Station”是单数,使用was。 12.Will more astronauts ________ to work in space soon? A.send B.be sent C.sent D.are sent 【答案】B 【详解】句意:不久后会有更多的航天员被派往太空工作吗? 根据“Will”可知,本句为一般将来时的疑问句;主语“more astronauts”与动词send之间为被动关系,需用被动语态,一般将来时的被动语态结构为“will + be + 过去分词”。因此空处应用be sent。 13.Space technology helps us ________ problems of climate change. A.deal with B.run out of C.turn into D.take up 【答案】A 【详解】句意:太空技术帮助我们应对气候变化难题。 deal with处理、应对;run out of用完;turn into变成;take up占据(时间/空间)、开始从事。结合语境,太空技术助力应对气候问题,因此选deal with。 14.Humans may run ________ Earth’s resources in the far future. A.in B.out of C.away D.off 【答案】B 【详解】句意:人类在遥远的未来可能会用光地球的资源。 in在……里面;out of用光,用尽;away离开;off离开,偏离。根据空前“run”和空后“Earth’s resources”可知,此处是固定短语run out of…,意为“用光……”。结合句意逻辑,人类在遥远的未来可能会用尽地球的资源,因此空处应用out of。 15.Many new kinds of satellites ________ in the next ten years. A.will develop B.develop C.will be developed D.are developed 【答案】C 【详解】句意:在未来十年里,许多新型卫星将被研发出来。 句中主语satellites是动作develop的承受者,且时间状语in the next ten years表示将来的时间,需要使用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为will be + 过去分词,因此选will be developed。 二、单词拼写 16.So far, China ________ (send) twelve astronauts to space. 【答案】has sent 【详解】句意:到目前为止,中国已经向太空派遣了十二名宇航员。So far是现在完成时的标志性短语;主语China为单数,现在完成时结构为has+过去分词,send的过去分词是sent,符合时态用法。 17.The space station ________ (build) through international cooperation. 【答案】is built 【详解】句意:这座空间站依靠国际合作建成。主语the space station无法主动发出建造这个动作,需使用被动语态;本句陈述客观事实,时态选用一般现在时;被动语态结构为am/is/are+动词过去分词,主语为单数名词,be动词用is,build的过去分词形式为built,故填is built。 18.We are looking forward to________ (explore) more unknown areas in the universe. 【答案】exploring 【详解】 句意:我们期待探索宇宙中更多未知的区域。explore作动词意为“探索;探险;考察”,作为及物动词可直接接地点/领域类宾语;look forward to doing sth.表示“期待做某事”,短语中的to是介词,后面需要接动名词exploring,故填exploring。 19.If we want to live on other planets, we need ________ (develop) new technologies. 【答案】to develop 【详解】句意:如果我们想要在其他星球生活,我们需要研发新的技术。need to do sth.意为“需要做某事”,此处需要使用动词不定式,故填to develop。 20.The news about the successful landing ________ (spread) quickly across the country. 【答案】spread 【详解】句意:成功着陆的消息很快传遍了全国。句子描述的是过去发生的事件,要用一般过去时。动词spread的过去式属于不规则变化,和动词原形拼写一致,即为spread。 21.Exoplanets ________ (discover) by scientists in the past years. 【答案】have been discovered 【详解】句意:在过去的几年里,系外行星已经被科学家们发现。根据时间状语“in the past years”可知,本句描述从过去持续到现在的动作,时态应用现在完成时;主语“Exoplanets”与动词discover之间为被动关系,需用被动语态;主语为复数名词,故填现在完成时的被动语态形式have been discovered。 22.The space station ________ (complete) several years ago. 【答案】was completed 【详解】句意:这座空间站于几年前建成。several years ago为过去时间,主语the space station和complete是被动关系,一般过去时被动语态:was/were+过去分词,主语是单数,故填was completed。 23.In the future, human homes ________ (build) on Mars. 【答案】will be built 【详解】句意:在未来,人类的家园‌将会被建造‌在火星上。句中时间状语“In the future”提示用一般将来时,同时主语human homes和动词build是被动关系,需用一般将来时的被动语态“will be+过去分词”,build的过去分词为built。故填will be built。 24.The universe ________ (fill) with countless stars and planets. 【答案】is filled 【详解】句意:宇宙充满了无数的恒星和行星。fill“充满”,动词。主语“The universe”与动词“fill”之间是被动关系,且描述的是客观事实,故应用一般现在时的被动语态be filled with;主语为单数,be动词用is。 25.New space technology ________ (develop) to look for alien life. 【答案】will be developed 【详解】句意:新的航天技术将被研发出来用来寻找外星生命。主语“New space technology”与动词develop之间为被动关系,需用被动语态;结合句意逻辑,研发新的航天技术寻找外星生命是面向未来的规划与动作,时态应用一般将来时,一般将来时的被动语态结构为“will be + 过去分词”,develop的过去分词为developed。 三、语法选择 Why do we explore space? There are three main reasons. First, we can learn more about Earth and the 26 . Many exoplanets 27 in recent years. By studying them, we understand Earth’s history better. Second, space tech helps people on Earth. Satellites 28 to watch climate change every day. More new tools 29 in the future to solve environmental problems. Third, Earth’s resources will run out one day. New resources 30 on the moon or Mars later. Maybe new homes 31 for humans far away. China also makes great progress. Tiangong Station 32 finished some years ago. Zhurong rover 33 to Mars and took many photos. Xuntian Telescope 34 into space soon. All these space projects show that amazing things 35 if we keep exploring the universe. 26.A.planet B.universe C.star D.satellite 27.A.found B.are found C.have been found D.will be found 28.A.use B.are used C.used D.will use 29.A.create B.created C.are created D.will be created 30.A.find B.found C.will be found D.are found 31.A.build B.built C.are built D.will be built 32.A.is B.was C.will be D.are 33.A.sends B.sent C.was sent D.will be sent 34.A.launches B.launched C.will be launched D.is launched 35.A.achieve B.achieved C.will be achieved D.are achieved 【答案】 26.B 27.C 28.B 29.D 30.C 31.D 32.B 33.C 34.C 35.C 【导语】本文主要介绍了人类进行太空探索的三大主要原因(探索宇宙、改善生活、寻找未来家园),并展示了中国在航天领域取得的瞩目成就。 【详解】26.句意:首先,我们能够更多地了解地球和宇宙。 根据第一段开头“Why do we explore space?”可知,探索太空能够让我们更深入地了解地球和宇宙,应选用universe表示“宇宙”。planet“行星”,star“恒星”,satellite“人造卫星”,均不符合此处的宏观语境。 27.句意:近年来,许多系外行星已经被发现。 根据空后的时间状语“in recent years”可知,本句时态应用现在完成时;且主语“Many exoplanets”与动词“find”之间是被动关系,需用现在完成时的被动语态,应选用have been found表示“被发现”。found为过去式形式,are found为一般现在时被动形式,will be found为一般将来时被动形式,均不符合时态要求。 28.句意:卫星每天被用来监测气候变化。 根据空后的时间状语“every day”可知,本句时态应用一般现在时;主语“Satellites”为复数名词,与动词“use”之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,应选用are used表示“被使用”。use为动词原形,used为过去式形式,will use为一般将来时主动形式,均不符合。 29.句意:未来将会研发更多新工具来解决环境问题。 根据空后的时间状语“in the future”可知,本句时态应用一般将来时;且主语“More new tools”为复数名词,与动词“create”之间是被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态,应选用will be created表示“将被创造”。create为原形,created为过去式形式,are created为一般现在时被动形式,均不符合。 30.句意:日后人们将会在月球或者火星上发现新资源。 根据前文“Earth’s resources will run out one day”以及空后的“later”可知,此处在陈述未来可能发生的情况,时态应用一般将来时;且主语“New resources”与动词“find”之间是被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态,应选用will be found表示“将被发现”。find为原形,found为过去式形式,are found为一般现在时被动形式,均不符合。 31.句意:或许在遥远的地方,将会为人类建造新家园。 根据前文“Maybe new homes…”可知,此处在预测未来的可能性,时态应用一般将来时;且主语“new homes”与动词“build”之间是被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态,应选用will be built表示“将被建造”。build为原形,built为过去式形式,are built为一般现在时被动形式,均不符合。 32.句意:天宫空间站数年前建造完成。 根据空后的时间状语“some years ago”可知,本句时态应用一般过去时;主语“Tiangong Station”为单数名词,且与动词“finish”之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,所以be动词应选用was。is和are为一般现在时动词,will be为一般将来时形式,均不符合。 33.句意:祝融号火星车被送往火星,并拍摄了许多照片。 根据空后的并列谓语“took many photos”可知,本句描述的是过去发生的动作,时态应用一般过去时;主语“Zhurong rover”为单数名词,与动词“send”之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,应选用was sent表示“被送往”。sends为单三形式,sent为主动语态,will be sent为一般将来时被动形式,均不符合。 34.句意:巡天望远镜不久将发射进入太空。 根据空后的时间状语“soon”可知,本句描述的是不久后将发生的情况,时态应用一般将来时;主语“Xuntian Telescope”为单数名词,与动词“launch”之间是被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态,应选用will be launched表示“将被发射”。launches为单三形式,launched为过去式形式,is launched为一般现在时被动形式,均不符合。 35.句意:所有这些太空项目表明:如果我们不断探索宇宙,奇迹终将实现。 根据后文“if we keep exploring…”这一条件状语从句可知,本句属于“主将从现”句式,主句时态应用一般将来时;且主语“amazing things”与动词“achieve”之间是被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态,应选用will be achieved表示“将被实现”。achieve为原形,achieved为过去式形式,are achieved为一般现在时被动形式,均不符合。 四、阅读理解 阅读下列材料,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 China’s Journey to the Red Planet On July 23, 2020, China launched its first independent Mars mission, Tianwen-1. This marked the beginning of China’s journey to the red planet. The name “Tianwen” comes from a poem by Qu Yuan, meaning “questions to heaven,” reflecting humanity’s curiosity about the universe. The mission had three major goals: to orbit Mars, to land on its surface, and to explore it with a rover. This was a huge challenge because no other country had successfully achieved all three goals in a single first mission. But China did it. On May 15, 2021, the Tianwen-1 spacecraft reached Mars. It released the Zhurong rover, which successfully landed on the Martian surface. Zhurong is named after the Chinese god of fire, symbolizing the spirit of exploration. The rover began its journey across the Martian landscape, studying the geology and climate of the planet. Over the following months, Zhurong traveled many kilometers across the Martian surface. It sent back a large amount of valuable data and images of Mars. It found signs of water in the past, which is a key clue in the search for life. This discovery has greatly excited scientists around the world. China’s Mars mission shows how far the country has come in space technology. It also inspires young people to dream of exploring the unknown. As the mission continues, we can expect even more exciting discoveries in the future. 36.When was China’s Tianwen-1 mission launched? A.On May 15, 2021. B.On July 23, 2020. C.In 2008. D.In 2022. 37.What does the name “Tianwen” mean? A.Heavenly Palace. B.Questions to heaven. C.God of fire. D.Red planet. 38.What did Zhurong find on Mars that excited scientists? A.Signs of life. B.Signs of water in the past. C.A new planet. D.A space station. 39.What made China’s Mars mission especially impressive? A.It was the first Mars mission in history. B.It achieved three goals in a single first mission. C.It sent a rover to Mars. D.It was named after a poem. 40.What is the main purpose of this passage? A.To compare Mars missions from different countries. B.To introduce China’s first Mars mission and its achievements. C.To explain why Mars is important for future life. D.To describe the surface of Mars. 【答案】36.B 37.B 38.B 39.B 40.B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文,标题为《中国的红色星球探索之旅》,主要介绍中国天问一号火星探测任务的发射、任务目标、祝融号火星车探测成果,以及该火星任务展现的航天技术水平与深远意义。 【详解】36.原文第一段“On July 23, 2020, China launched its first independent Mars mission, Tianwen-1.”,可知天问一号发射时间为2020年7月23日。 37.原文第一段“meaning "questions to heaven"”,直接给出“天问”的释义是向苍穹发问。 38.原文第四段“It found signs of water in the past, which is a key clue in the search for life. This discovery has greatly excited scientists around the world.”,祝融号发现远古时期水存在的痕迹,令科学家振奋。 39.原文第二段“This was a huge challenge because no other country had successfully achieved all three goals in a single first mission. But China did it.”,首次执行任务就完成三大目标,是这次火星任务格外令人赞叹的原因。 40.全文围绕天问一号展开,介绍中国首次火星探测任务的实施过程、各项成就,B选项“To introduce China's first Mars mission and its achievements.”契合文章主旨。 1.本节课核心知识(结合课堂知识总结):_________________________________________________ 2.今日错题 / 不懂的内容:_______________________________________________________________ 3.出错 / 听不懂的原因:□概念不会 □审题马虎 □思路没掌握 □其他__ ______________________ 4.我的改进小计划: _________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Beyond Earth Section A(1a-Grammar Focus)导学案 1.能识别、朗读 Grammar Focus 板块的重点词汇;能够理解描述事物的常用句型;读懂一般将来时的被动语态,掌握一般将来时被动语态的基本构成规则。(学习理解) 2.能在对话练习中获取句子信息,完成问答、填空任务;能模仿 Grammar Focus 例句,运用一般将来时的被动语态造句,正确使用被动语态结构。(应用实践) 3.能结合提示进行简短口头表达,描述未来将会被完成的事情;能够结合生活实例,运用目标语法表达想法,提升综合语言运用能力。(迁移创新) 重点:1.掌握 Grammar Focus 中的重点词汇;熟练掌握一般将来时的被动语态,牢记被动语态的基本构成。 2.掌握一般将来时被动语态的句式变换规则,理解主动语态与被动语态之间的转换方法。 难点:1.有条理地运用一般将来时被动语态描述事件,结合生活实例完整表达自己的观点。 2.在真实语境正确使用一般将来时的被动语态,区分主动语态与被动语态,准确运用被动语态描述将来发生的动作。 一、英汉互译 1.manned mission to the moon ____________2.long-term space station _______________________ 3.weightless environment ___________________4.run out of resources __________________ 5.deal with climate change _________________6.outer space __________________________ 7.exoplanets outside the solar system _____________________ 8.祝融火星车 __________________9.巡天空间望远镜 _________________ 10.开展太空实验 _______________11.建立国际研究站 _______________ 12.了解地球在宇宙中的位置 _______________13.从太空眺望地球 ______________ 14.寻找外星生命 ___________________ 二、选词填空 阅读下面短文,用方框中所给词或短语的正确形式填空,使短文完整、通顺。每个词或短语限用一次。 A.launched | B.on board | C. in case | D.cooperate | E. requires | F. completed | G. weightless China’s space exploration program has made remarkable progress. The Tianwen-1 spacecraft was 15 in 2020 and reached Mars in 2021. The three astronauts living 16 the Tiangong space station must 17 with each other closely, as teamwork is essential for mission success. Each mission 18 thousands of hours of preparation. During spacewalks, astronauts must tie themselves to the station 19 they float away. They often feel 20 in space, which makes even ordinary movements feel unusual. 知识点 1:China's Zhurong rover successfully landed on Mars in 2021 and it is hoped that a manned mission to the moon will follow around 2030.(中国祝融号火星车于 2021 年成功登陆火星,预计载人登月任务将在 2030 年左右实施。【P52】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:land ____ 登陆;降落(后接陆地、星球等名词);it is hoped ____… 人们希望……;预计……;a ____ mission 载人任务。 2.successfully:________,含义:成功地;形容词:______;名词:________;动词:________,动词短语:succeed ____ doing sth. 成功做某事。 例句: ► It is hoped that we will finish the space task soon. 人们希望我们能很快完成这项太空任务。 ► The spacecraft landed on the moon safely. 这艘宇宙飞船安全登陆月球。 知识点 2:China has announced that more astronauts will be sent to the Tiangong Space Station.(中国已经宣布,更多宇航员将会被送往天宫空间站。【P52】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:announce ____… 宣布……;be sent ____ 被送往;the Tiangong Space Station 天宫空间站。 例句: ► The teacher announced that we will have a trip next week. 老师宣布我们下周将会有一次出行。 ► More robots will be sent to space. 更多机器人将会被送往太空。 知识点 3:It is designed to move along with Tiangong Space Station so it can be more easily maintained and repaired.(它被设计成跟随天宫空间站一起移动,这样它就可以更方便地维护和维修。【P52】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:be designed ____ do sth. 被设计用来做某事;move along ____ 随同…… 一起移动;maintain and repair 维护与维修。 2.easily:_______(词性),含义:容易地;形容词:__________;比较级:____。 例句: ► The tool is designed to help astronauts work. 这个工具被设计用来帮助宇航员工作。 ► The machine can be easily maintained. 这台机器可以很方便地维护。 知识点4:You see I can move everywhere by just pushing against the wall.(你看,我只需要推一下墙壁就可以到处移动。【P54】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:push ____ 推;against 紧靠、碰撞;by ____ sth. 通过做某事(by 后接动名词,表示方式)。 例句: ► You can open the door by pulling it. 你可以通过拉动它来开门。 ► He pushed against the door. 他用力推门。 知识点 5:I want to know how it feels to be weightless.(我想知道失重是什么感觉。【P54】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:want ____ know 想要知道;how it feels ____ do sth. 做某事是什么感觉;be ____ 失重的。 2.weightless:______(词性),含义:失重的;名词:_________;动词:____。 例句: ► I want to know how it feels to fly in space. 我想知道在太空飞行是什么感觉。 ► Astronauts are weightless in space. 宇航员在太空处于失重状态。 知识点6 It's a little hard to fall asleep. We have to be tied down so we don't fly away.(入睡有点难。我们必须被固定住,这样才不会飘走。【P54】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:fall ____ 入睡;have ____ 必须;be tied ____ 被系紧、被固定;fly ____ 飘走。 2.asleep:______(词性),含义:睡着的;形容词:______(熟睡的);动词:_____; 3.fly:动词,含义:飞、飘,过去式:________。 例句: ► It's hard to fall asleep at night. 晚上很难入睡。 ► The boxes are tied down tightly. 箱子被牢牢固定住。 知识点 7:The study of other planets helps us better understand Earth's geology history and relationship with other planets.(对其他行星的研究有助于我们更好地了解地球的地质历史以及地球和其他行星之间的关系。【P54】) 用法讲解: 1. 核心短语:the study ____ …… 的研究;help sb. ____ sth. 帮助某人某事; 2. understand:动词,含义:理解;过去式:_________;名词:_________; 3. geology:_______(词性),含义:地质学;形容词:__________(地质的)。 例句: ► The study of space helps us know more about the universe. 对太空的研究帮助我们更多地了解宇宙。 ► We study geological changes of the earth. 我们研究地球的地质变化。 知识点 8:Second, technology developed for space can benefit us here on earth.(其次,为太空研发的技术可以造福地球上的我们。【P54】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:develop ____ 开发、研发;benefit sb. ____ sth. 在某方面使某人受益;on ____ 在地球上。 2.benefit:_____(词性),含义:有益于;形容词:_______(有益的);名词:____(益处)。 例句: ► The new technology can benefit people. 这项新技术可以造福人们。 ► Exercise is beneficial to our health. 运动对我们的健康有益。 知识点 9:Some satellites, for example, help us deal with problems caused by climate change.(例如,一些卫星帮助我们应对由气候变化引发的各类问题。【P55】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:deal ____ 处理、应对;be caused ____ 由…… 引起;climate ____ 气候变化。 2.语法:caused by climate change 是过去分词短语作____定语,用来修饰前面的名词 problems。 3.cause:________(词性),含义:引起;名词:________(原因)。 例句: ► We should learn to deal with difficulties. 我们应该学会处理困难。 ► The fire was caused by carelessness. 这场火灾是由粗心引发的。 知识点 10:This project will require students to do research on space exploration.(这个项目将要求学生做太空探索相关的研究。【P55】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:require sb. ____ do sth. 要求某人做某事;do research ____ 做关于…… 的研究;space ____ 太空探索。 2.exploration:_______(词性),含义:探索;动词:________。 例句: ► The teacher requires us to finish the task. 老师要求我们完成这项任务。 ► He does research on animal protection. 他做关于动物保护的研究。 知识点 11:Because of the bad weather, they will cancel the trip to the space museum.(由于恶劣天气,他们将取消太空博物馆的行程。【P55】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:because ____ 因为(后接名词 / 名词短语);cancel the ____ 取消行程;the trip ____ …… 的旅行。 2.语法辨析:because + 句子;because of + ____(短语)。 3.cancel:动词,含义:取消;过去式:_________;名词:_______________。 例句: ► The sports meeting was put off because of the heavy rain. 运动会因为大雨推迟了。 ► We have to cancel our plan. 我们不得不取消我们的计划。 知识点 12:The universe is filled with stars.(宇宙中布满恒星。【P55】) 用法讲解: 1.核心短语:be filled ____ 充满;be full ____ 充满;be known ____ 因…… 出名;be known ____ 作为…… 出名。 2.语法辨析:be filled with 是____语态结构;be full of 是形容词短语,无被动含义,二者同义。 3.known:____(词性),含义:已知的 例句: ► The box is filled with books. = The box is full of books. 盒子里装满了书。 ► She is known ____ her paintings. 她因画作而出名。 ► She is known ____ a painter. 她作为一名画家而出名。 知识点13 【本单元语法重点:一般将来时的被动语态】 用法讲解: 1.含义:表示将来要发生的被动动作,主语是动作的____(主语不会发出这个动作,而是被……)。 核心结构 ✅ 肯定句:will ____ + 动词____ ✅ 否定句:will not (won’t) ____ + 动词____ ✅ 一般疑问句:____ + 主语 + ____ + 动词____? ✅ 简略回答:Yes, 主语 + ____. / No, 主语 + ____. 2.补充结构(be going to 表将来的被动): 肯定:am/is/are going to ____ + 过去分词 否定:am/is/are not going to ____ + 过去分词 疑问:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to ____ + 过去分词? 3.标志词:tomorrow, next year, in the future, soon, in + 一段时间(in three days 三天后) 例句(贴合本单元太空主题) ① More astronauts will ____ ____ to the Tiangong Space Station. 更多宇航员将会被送往天宫空间站。(肯定) ② The space project won’t ____ ____ in one day. 这个太空项目不会一天之内就完成。(否定) ③ ____ a new spaceship ____ ____ next year? 一艘新飞船将会在明年发射吗?(一般疑问) Yes, it will. / No, it won’t. ④ A new space museum is going to ____ ____ in our city. 一座新的太空博物馆将要在我们城市建造。(be going to 被动) 4.主动变被动转换口诀 宾变主,主变宾(by 短语引出),谓语换成 will be done,动词不忘____。 主动:We will build a space station. 被动:A space station ____ ____ ____ (by us). 一、单项选择 1.China is one of the few countries that can ________ manned spacecraft independently. A.launch B.land C.orbit D.explore 2.Astronauts have to take special training to ________ the life in space. A.adapt to B.look forward to C.pay attention to D.stick to 3.—Do you know when the next space mission will start? —It’s said ________ the end of this month. A.at B.in C.on D.for 4.So far, our country ________ great achievements in space exploration. A.made B.has made C.makes D.will make 5.The moon rock samples ________ back to Earth by the spacecraft last year. A.brought B.were brought C.bring D.are brought 6.A new space telescope ________ into space next year. A.will send B.will be sent C.sends D.is sent 7.Thousands of exoplanets ________ by scientists so far. A.discover B.discovered C.have been discovered D.will be discovered 8.We believe more stations ________ on Mars one day. A.build B.are built C.will be built D.were built 9.It ________ that water means possible alien life on other planets. A.thinks B.thought C.is thought D.will think 10.—Do you know ________ we explore space? —To learn more about the universe and find new resources. A.why B.what C.where D.how 11.The Tiangong Station ________ several years ago. A.completes B.completed C.was completed D.will be completed 12.Will more astronauts ________ to work in space soon? A.send B.be sent C.sent D.are sent 13.Space technology helps us ________ problems of climate change. A.deal with B.run out of C.turn into D.take up 14.Humans may run ________ Earth’s resources in the far future. A.in B.out of C.away D.off 15.Many new kinds of satellites ________ in the next ten years. A.will develop B.develop C.will be developed D.are developed 二、单词拼写 16.So far, China ________ (send) twelve astronauts to space. 17.The space station ________ (build) through international cooperation. 18.We are looking forward to________ (explore) more unknown areas in the universe. 19.If we want to live on other planets, we need ________ (develop) new technologies. 20.The news about the successful landing ________ (spread) quickly across the country. 21.Exoplanets ________ (discover) by scientists in the past years. 22.The space station ________ (complete) several years ago. 23.In the future, human homes ________ (build) on Mars. 24.The universe ________ (fill) with countless stars and planets. 25.New space technology ________ (develop) to look for alien life. 三、语法选择 Why do we explore space? There are three main reasons. First, we can learn more about Earth and the 26 . Many exoplanets 27 in recent years. By studying them, we understand Earth’s history better. Second, space tech helps people on Earth. Satellites 28 to watch climate change every day. More new tools 29 in the future to solve environmental problems. Third, Earth’s resources will run out one day. New resources 30 on the moon or Mars later. Maybe new homes 31 for humans far away. China also makes great progress. Tiangong Station 32 finished some years ago. Zhurong rover 33 to Mars and took many photos. Xuntian Telescope 34 into space soon. All these space projects show that amazing things 35 if we keep exploring the universe. 26.A.planet B.universe C.star D.satellite 27.A.found B.are found C.have been found D.will be found 28.A.use B.are used C.used D.will use 29.A.create B.created C.are created D.will be created 30.A.find B.found C.will be found D.are found 31.A.build B.built C.are built D.will be built 32.A.is B.was C.will be D.are 33.A.sends B.sent C.was sent D.will be sent 34.A.launches B.launched C.will be launched D.is launched 35.A.achieve B.achieved C.will be achieved D.are achieved 四、阅读理解 阅读下列材料,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 China’s Journey to the Red Planet On July 23, 2020, China launched its first independent Mars mission, Tianwen-1. This marked the beginning of China’s journey to the red planet. The name “Tianwen” comes from a poem by Qu Yuan, meaning “questions to heaven,” reflecting humanity’s curiosity about the universe. The mission had three major goals: to orbit Mars, to land on its surface, and to explore it with a rover. This was a huge challenge because no other country had successfully achieved all three goals in a single first mission. But China did it. On May 15, 2021, the Tianwen-1 spacecraft reached Mars. It released the Zhurong rover, which successfully landed on the Martian surface. Zhurong is named after the Chinese god of fire, symbolizing the spirit of exploration. The rover began its journey across the Martian landscape, studying the geology and climate of the planet. Over the following months, Zhurong traveled many kilometers across the Martian surface. It sent back a large amount of valuable data and images of Mars. It found signs of water in the past, which is a key clue in the search for life. This discovery has greatly excited scientists around the world. China’s Mars mission shows how far the country has come in space technology. It also inspires young people to dream of exploring the unknown. As the mission continues, we can expect even more exciting discoveries in the future. 36.When was China’s Tianwen-1 mission launched? A.On May 15, 2021. B.On July 23, 2020. C.In 2008. D.In 2022. 37.What does the name “Tianwen” mean? A.Heavenly Palace. B.Questions to heaven. C.God of fire. D.Red planet. 38.What did Zhurong find on Mars that excited scientists? A.Signs of life. B.Signs of water in the past. C.A new planet. D.A space station. 39.What made China’s Mars mission especially impressive? A.It was the first Mars mission in history. B.It achieved three goals in a single first mission. C.It sent a rover to Mars. D.It was named after a poem. 40.What is the main purpose of this passage? A.To compare Mars missions from different countries. B.To introduce China’s first Mars mission and its achievements. C.To explain why Mars is important for future life. D.To describe the surface of Mars. 1.本节课核心知识(结合课堂知识总结):_________________________________________________ 2.今日错题 / 不懂的内容:_______________________________________________________________ 3.出错 / 听不懂的原因:□概念不会 □审题马虎 □思路没掌握 □其他__ ______________________ 4.我的改进小计划: _________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit  6 Section A 1a-Grammar Focus (导学案)英语新教材人教版九年级上册
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